区域政策与经济活动的空间分布
|
摘要
改革开放以来，中国经济出现了快速的增长，人民物质生活水平得到极大的提升。然而，在中国经济快速增长的背后却隐藏着产业空间非均衡分布、区域之间收入差距进一步扩大以及地区之间的贸易进一步减弱等一系列的问题，中国沿海和内地形成典型的核心-边缘结构。
本文在新经济地理学的自由资本模型基础上纳入新新贸易理论中的企业异质性以及市场进入成本构建了“新”新经济地理学模型，以此考察存在要素流动以及区域贸易时经济活动的空间分布。为了进一步深入分析区域政策对经济活动空间分布的影响，在本文第四章至第六章分别加入贸易政策、财政政策以及就业政策等分析非对称贸易成本、非对称市场进入成本、关税同盟、税收政策、补贴政策、财政分权、政府免费培训“农民工”以及提供充分就业信息等对经济活动空间分布的影响。根据2000-2007年《中国工业企业数据库》以及1999-2008年全国28省（直辖市、自治区）的面板数据，文中采用面板计量方法对理论研究所提出的假说进行了经验检验。
通过理论和实证研究，本文得到如下一些重要的结论：（1）中国企业的生产效率服从Pareto I型分布，并且地区企业生产效率分布随着贸易自由化而出现了动态演化。地区的贸易自由化水平越高，地区企业的异质性越强。（2）中国企业存在着生产效率的排序效应：“迁移型”（FDI）企业的生产效率最高，“出口型”企业的生产效率次之，而“本地型”企业的生产效率最低。此外，企业的性质对企业的生产效率具有一定的影响。相比较而言，民营企业有着较高的生产效率，而国有企业生产效率则相对较低。（3）由于不同类型的企业迁移具有不同的特征，因此企业异质性改变了产业集聚的路径。对应地，在国外市场进入成本相对比较大时，传统新经济地理学中完全的“核心-边缘”结构不可能出现。（4）由于小国对贸易保护总是有着某种需求，但是大国在区域之间的贸易自由化水平达到某个“门槛值”之后进一步的贸易自由化对其有利，因此小国在此时具有某种“政策优势”。正是由于政策优势的存在，小国在区域一体化中可以把握主动权，从而导致完全集聚难以出现。（5）差异化的市场进入成本（非关税贸易壁垒）不仅可以有效地保护本国的产业和劳动力就业，甚至可以吸引其他地区的产业进入本地区。从而，这种贸易政策有效地改变了地区经济活动的空间分布。（6）如果同盟国的市场规模足够大，那么关税同盟（城市圈）的形成将能有效地增加本地的产业份额。整体而言，中国城市圈的形成的确对中国经济活动的空间分布产生了明显的影响。（7）不同的税种对经济活动的空间分布以及消费者的福利产生不同的影响。个人所得税对经济活动的空间分布不会产生影响，从而只会对征收个人所得税所在地的消费者福利产生影响。与个人所得税不同，资本所得税可能会因为企业的迁移而发生转移，从而两地区的消费者福利水平可能同时会降低。（8）无论是对欠发达地区的产业或者劳动力进行补贴都可以有效地增加欠发达地区的产业份额。相比较而言，对劳动力补贴效果更佳。尽管对劳动力补贴可以对地区的产业份额产生显著的正向影响，但是这种影响不会立刻体现出来。（9）集权式的财政政策和分权式的财政政策对经济活动空间分布产生的影响截然不同。由于欠发达地区的财力与发达地区的财力不可同日而语，从而财政分权不利于欠发达地区的产业份额的增加。（10）地区的工资水平对企业的生产区位有着直接的影响，同时地区的工资水平也改变了地区就业工人数量，进而地区的工资水平与地区的失业率存在着此消彼长的关系。（11）无论是劳动密集型企业还是资本密集型企业，抑或本地型企业或出口型企业，其对本地就业的贡献是相似的。（12）政府免费培训以及构建良好的就业市场能够有效地增加本地的产业份额。但是中国当前欠发达地区的就业政策有利于发达地区而不利于欠发达地区，从而导致就业政策效果欠佳。
根据本文的研究结论，我们得到如下五个方面的启示：（1）进一步深化国有企业改革，积极扶植民营企业发展；（2）积极培育中西部地区城市群的形成，实行差异化的区域贸易政策；（3）提高对劳动力补贴力度，改变短期发展为长期发展；（4）财政分权需要“因地而异”，制定“差异化”的财政政策；（5）就业政策需要与当地企业联动，强化对本地产业工人的培养。
Since reforming and opening, China’s economy has rapidly growth and standof people’s living has greatly improved. However, a lot of questions uncoveredbehind China’s rapidly growth, such as industry uneven distribution across space,regional income gape enlarge and trade among regions weaken. The costal andinland in China has formed a typically core-periphery structure.
This paper added firm heterogeneity and market entrance of “New” New TradeTheory into Footloose Capital Model of New Economic Geography, thus we couldconsider how factor mobility and regional trade affect economic activities acrossspace and build a “New” New Economic Geography Model. In order to analysishow regional policies affect economic activities across space deeply, we also addedregional trade policies, fiscal policies and employment policies in chapter IV tochapter VI. Those policies include asymmetric trade cost, asymmetric market entrycost, customs, tax policy, fiscal decentralization, government subsidies, free trainingof" migrant workers" as well as providing full employment information. Besides, weused China industrial enterprise database （2000-2007）and panel data of28provincial from1999to2008confirm those hypothesis that we got from the theorymodels.
Accorder to the theorical and empirical research, we can get some importantconclusions as follow:(1) Firm’s productivity in China follows Pareto I distribution,even dynamic evolution with trade liberalization.(2) Firm’s productivity in Chinahas some “sort effect”, R type firms such as FDI have the highest productivity, Xtype firms are less productivity than it but more productivity than D type firms. Inaddition, the nature of firm also affect firm’s productivity, the private enterprises aremore productivity than the state-owned enterprises.(3) Different firms had differentrelocate character, so firm heterogeneous can change industry distribution. Whenforeign market enter cost is high, the “core-Periphery” structure in New EconomicGeography cannot appear again.(4)As small countries always need trade protection, while trade liberalization is good for the big countries when it reach to some“threshold value”, thus the smaller countries always has some “policy advantage”.For this advantage, the small countries can grasp the initiative while regionalintegration, and make completely agglomeration unable appeared.(5) Differentmarket entry cost (or Non-tariff Trade Barriers) not only protects domesticindustries and employment of the labor force effectively, but also attracts industry ofthe other regions into this region. Thus, this trade policy can change spatialdistribution of economic activities effectively.(6)If the allies’ market scale is bigenough, then the Customs Union (or the city circle)’s formation will increase thelocal industry share effectively. Overall, China’s city circle indeed had obviouslyeffect on region's economic activity distribution.(7) Different type of taxes haddifferent effect on spatial distribution of economic activities and the consumers’welfare. Individual income tax will not affect spatial distribution of economicactivities, however, it will reduce the consumers’ welfare where there levied the tax.Different with individual income tax, capital gains tax may transmission for firms’relocation, and consumer welfare may reduce at both places.(8) Both industry andlabor subsidies can increase industry share of the underdeveloped regions effectively,while labor subsidy is better. Labor subsidies have a positive impact on it, but willnot reflecte immediately.(9) Fiscal centralized and decentralized policies havedifferent effects on spatial distribution of economic activities. Due tounderdeveloped regions’ fiscal level cannot compare with developed regions, andfiscal decentralized is not favor for underdeveloped regions. Regional wage hasdirect impact on firm’s location, it can also change the number of regional industryworkers, and thus regional wage has a reciprocal relationship with regionalunemployment.(11) Firms have the same contribution on local employment,whether it belongs to labor-intensive or capital-intensive industry. Or it is adomestic-type enterprise or a export-type enterprise.(12) The government’sfree-training project and building good employment market can effectively increasethe share of local industry, but underdeveloped regions’ employment policies are infavor of developed regions in China, so it has a poor effect.
According to the conclusions, we have following implications: the government should (1) reforms of state-owned enterprises deepen, and supports privateenterprises develop;(2) cultivates city group of the middle and west of China, andimplements difference regional trade policies;(3) improve labor subsidies, changeshort-term development to long-term development;(4) implements different fiscalpolicies, fiscal decentralization requires “varies from place to place”;(5) strengthenthe local industry workers training, enforce linkage between employment policy andlocal enterprises.
本文在新经济地理学的自由资本模型基础上纳入新新贸易理论中的企业异质性以及市场进入成本构建了“新”新经济地理学模型，以此考察存在要素流动以及区域贸易时经济活动的空间分布。为了进一步深入分析区域政策对经济活动空间分布的影响，在本文第四章至第六章分别加入贸易政策、财政政策以及就业政策等分析非对称贸易成本、非对称市场进入成本、关税同盟、税收政策、补贴政策、财政分权、政府免费培训“农民工”以及提供充分就业信息等对经济活动空间分布的影响。根据2000-2007年《中国工业企业数据库》以及1999-2008年全国28省（直辖市、自治区）的面板数据，文中采用面板计量方法对理论研究所提出的假说进行了经验检验。
通过理论和实证研究，本文得到如下一些重要的结论：（1）中国企业的生产效率服从Pareto I型分布，并且地区企业生产效率分布随着贸易自由化而出现了动态演化。地区的贸易自由化水平越高，地区企业的异质性越强。（2）中国企业存在着生产效率的排序效应：“迁移型”（FDI）企业的生产效率最高，“出口型”企业的生产效率次之，而“本地型”企业的生产效率最低。此外，企业的性质对企业的生产效率具有一定的影响。相比较而言，民营企业有着较高的生产效率，而国有企业生产效率则相对较低。（3）由于不同类型的企业迁移具有不同的特征，因此企业异质性改变了产业集聚的路径。对应地，在国外市场进入成本相对比较大时，传统新经济地理学中完全的“核心-边缘”结构不可能出现。（4）由于小国对贸易保护总是有着某种需求，但是大国在区域之间的贸易自由化水平达到某个“门槛值”之后进一步的贸易自由化对其有利，因此小国在此时具有某种“政策优势”。正是由于政策优势的存在，小国在区域一体化中可以把握主动权，从而导致完全集聚难以出现。（5）差异化的市场进入成本（非关税贸易壁垒）不仅可以有效地保护本国的产业和劳动力就业，甚至可以吸引其他地区的产业进入本地区。从而，这种贸易政策有效地改变了地区经济活动的空间分布。（6）如果同盟国的市场规模足够大，那么关税同盟（城市圈）的形成将能有效地增加本地的产业份额。整体而言，中国城市圈的形成的确对中国经济活动的空间分布产生了明显的影响。（7）不同的税种对经济活动的空间分布以及消费者的福利产生不同的影响。个人所得税对经济活动的空间分布不会产生影响，从而只会对征收个人所得税所在地的消费者福利产生影响。与个人所得税不同，资本所得税可能会因为企业的迁移而发生转移，从而两地区的消费者福利水平可能同时会降低。（8）无论是对欠发达地区的产业或者劳动力进行补贴都可以有效地增加欠发达地区的产业份额。相比较而言，对劳动力补贴效果更佳。尽管对劳动力补贴可以对地区的产业份额产生显著的正向影响，但是这种影响不会立刻体现出来。（9）集权式的财政政策和分权式的财政政策对经济活动空间分布产生的影响截然不同。由于欠发达地区的财力与发达地区的财力不可同日而语，从而财政分权不利于欠发达地区的产业份额的增加。（10）地区的工资水平对企业的生产区位有着直接的影响，同时地区的工资水平也改变了地区就业工人数量，进而地区的工资水平与地区的失业率存在着此消彼长的关系。（11）无论是劳动密集型企业还是资本密集型企业，抑或本地型企业或出口型企业，其对本地就业的贡献是相似的。（12）政府免费培训以及构建良好的就业市场能够有效地增加本地的产业份额。但是中国当前欠发达地区的就业政策有利于发达地区而不利于欠发达地区，从而导致就业政策效果欠佳。
根据本文的研究结论，我们得到如下五个方面的启示：（1）进一步深化国有企业改革，积极扶植民营企业发展；（2）积极培育中西部地区城市群的形成，实行差异化的区域贸易政策；（3）提高对劳动力补贴力度，改变短期发展为长期发展；（4）财政分权需要“因地而异”，制定“差异化”的财政政策；（5）就业政策需要与当地企业联动，强化对本地产业工人的培养。
Since reforming and opening, China’s economy has rapidly growth and standof people’s living has greatly improved. However, a lot of questions uncoveredbehind China’s rapidly growth, such as industry uneven distribution across space,regional income gape enlarge and trade among regions weaken. The costal andinland in China has formed a typically core-periphery structure.
This paper added firm heterogeneity and market entrance of “New” New TradeTheory into Footloose Capital Model of New Economic Geography, thus we couldconsider how factor mobility and regional trade affect economic activities acrossspace and build a “New” New Economic Geography Model. In order to analysishow regional policies affect economic activities across space deeply, we also addedregional trade policies, fiscal policies and employment policies in chapter IV tochapter VI. Those policies include asymmetric trade cost, asymmetric market entrycost, customs, tax policy, fiscal decentralization, government subsidies, free trainingof" migrant workers" as well as providing full employment information. Besides, weused China industrial enterprise database （2000-2007）and panel data of28provincial from1999to2008confirm those hypothesis that we got from the theorymodels.
Accorder to the theorical and empirical research, we can get some importantconclusions as follow:(1) Firm’s productivity in China follows Pareto I distribution,even dynamic evolution with trade liberalization.(2) Firm’s productivity in Chinahas some “sort effect”, R type firms such as FDI have the highest productivity, Xtype firms are less productivity than it but more productivity than D type firms. Inaddition, the nature of firm also affect firm’s productivity, the private enterprises aremore productivity than the state-owned enterprises.(3) Different firms had differentrelocate character, so firm heterogeneous can change industry distribution. Whenforeign market enter cost is high, the “core-Periphery” structure in New EconomicGeography cannot appear again.(4)As small countries always need trade protection, while trade liberalization is good for the big countries when it reach to some“threshold value”, thus the smaller countries always has some “policy advantage”.For this advantage, the small countries can grasp the initiative while regionalintegration, and make completely agglomeration unable appeared.(5) Differentmarket entry cost (or Non-tariff Trade Barriers) not only protects domesticindustries and employment of the labor force effectively, but also attracts industry ofthe other regions into this region. Thus, this trade policy can change spatialdistribution of economic activities effectively.(6)If the allies’ market scale is bigenough, then the Customs Union (or the city circle)’s formation will increase thelocal industry share effectively. Overall, China’s city circle indeed had obviouslyeffect on region's economic activity distribution.(7) Different type of taxes haddifferent effect on spatial distribution of economic activities and the consumers’welfare. Individual income tax will not affect spatial distribution of economicactivities, however, it will reduce the consumers’ welfare where there levied the tax.Different with individual income tax, capital gains tax may transmission for firms’relocation, and consumer welfare may reduce at both places.(8) Both industry andlabor subsidies can increase industry share of the underdeveloped regions effectively,while labor subsidy is better. Labor subsidies have a positive impact on it, but willnot reflecte immediately.(9) Fiscal centralized and decentralized policies havedifferent effects on spatial distribution of economic activities. Due tounderdeveloped regions’ fiscal level cannot compare with developed regions, andfiscal decentralized is not favor for underdeveloped regions. Regional wage hasdirect impact on firm’s location, it can also change the number of regional industryworkers, and thus regional wage has a reciprocal relationship with regionalunemployment.(11) Firms have the same contribution on local employment,whether it belongs to labor-intensive or capital-intensive industry. Or it is adomestic-type enterprise or a export-type enterprise.(12) The government’sfree-training project and building good employment market can effectively increasethe share of local industry, but underdeveloped regions’ employment policies are infavor of developed regions in China, so it has a poor effect.
According to the conclusions, we have following implications: the government should (1) reforms of state-owned enterprises deepen, and supports privateenterprises develop;(2) cultivates city group of the middle and west of China, andimplements difference regional trade policies;(3) improve labor subsidies, changeshort-term development to long-term development;(4) implements different fiscalpolicies, fiscal decentralization requires “varies from place to place”;(5) strengthenthe local industry workers training, enforce linkage between employment policy andlocal enterprises.
引文
[1]安虎森，颜银根.贸易自由化、外商直接投资与出口贸易地区差异.财经研究，2011a（5）：36-46
[2]安虎森，颜银根.贸易自由化、工业化与企业区位——新经济地理视角中国FDI流入的研究.世界经济研究，2011b(2)：54-58
[3]安虎森，颜银根.中国分割的经济空间：基于区域间经济增长溢出的实证研究.南开大学经济研究所，2012
[4]安虎森,颜银根，朴银哲.城市高房价和户籍制度:促进或抑制城乡收入差距扩大?—中国劳动力流动和收入差距扩大悖论的一个解释.世界经济文汇,2011(4):41-54
[5]白重恩，杜颖娟，陶志刚等.地方保护主义及产业地区集中度的决定因素和变动趋势.经济研究，2004（4）：29-40
[6]薄文广，安虎森.中国被分割的区域经济运行空间——基于区际增长溢出效应差异性的研究.财经研究，2010（3）：77-89
[7]蔡昉，都阳.中国地区经济增长的趋同与差异——对西部开发战略的启示.经济研究，2000（10）：30-37
[8]蔡昉，王德文，都阳.劳动力市场扭曲对区域差距的影响.中国社会科学，2001（2）：4-14
[9]陈敏，桂琦寒，陆铭等.中国经济增长如何持续发挥规模效应?——经济开放与国内商品市场分割的实证研究.经济学(季刊)，2008（1）：125-150
[10]陈宗胜，周云波.文化程度等人口特征对城镇居民收入及收入差别的影响——三论经济发展对收入分配的影响.南开经济研究，2001（4）：38-42
[11]范剑勇，张雁.经济地理学与地区间工资差异.经济研究，2009（8）：73-84
[12]桂琦寒，陈敏，陆铭等.中国国内商品市场趋于分割还是整合:基于相对价格法的分析.世界经济，2006（2）：20-30
[13]江小涓，李辉.我国地区之间实际收入差距小于名义收入差距——加入地区间价格差异后的一项研究.经济研究，2005（9）：11-18
[14]金煜，陈钊，陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理学、新经济地理学与经济政策.经济研究，2006（4）：79-89
[15]康殿统，王文娟，杨雯.关于Pareto分布的一个综合研究.河西学院学报，2008（2）：1-5
[16]林毅夫，刘培林.中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距.经济研究，2003（3）：19-25
[17]刘小勇，李真.财政分权与地区市场分割实证研究.财经研究，2008（2）：88-98
[18]刘修岩，殷醒民.空间外部性与地区工资差异:基于动态面板数据的实证研究.经济学(季刊)，2009（1）：77-98
[19]路江涌，陶志刚.中国制造业区域聚集及国际比较.经济研究，2006（3）：103-114
[20]罗勇，曹丽莉.中国制造业集聚程度变动趋势实证研究.经济研究，2005（8）：106-115
[21]潘文卿，李子奈.中国沿海与内陆间经济影响的反馈与溢出效应.经济研究，2007（5）：68-77
[22]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析.经济研究，2005（9）：19-29
[23]钱学锋，王菊蓉，黄云湖等.出口与中国工业企业的生产率——自我选择效应还是出口学习效应?数量经济技术经济研究，2011（2）：37-51
[24]魏后凯.外商直接投资对中国区域经济增长的影响.经济研究，2002（4）：19-26
[25]徐现祥，李郇.市场一体化与区域协调发展.经济研究，2005（12）：57-67
[26]许召元，李善同.近年来中国地区差距的变化趋势.经济研究，2006（7）：106-116
[27]颜银根.贸易自由化、区域一体化与中国经济空间的分割.第十一届中国经济学年会.上海，2011a
[28]颜银根.转移支付、产业逆集聚与地区生产效率.第十一届中国经济学年会.上海，2011b
[29]颜银根.新经济地理学视角转移支付与区域协调发展.天津:南开大学经济研究所，2012a
[30]颜银根.劳动力流动、外商直接投资与中国工业的地理集聚.国际贸易问题，2012b（即将出版）
[31]颜银根，安虎森.中国-东盟自由贸易区建立后FDI流入能替代进口贸易吗?——基于新经济地理学贸易自由化的研究.经济评论，2011（4）：114-123
[32]杨伟民.地区间收入差距变动的实证分析.经济研究，1992（1）：70-74
[33]易靖韬.企业异质性、市场进入成本、技术溢出效应与出口参与决定.经济研究，2009（9）：106-115
[34]银温泉，才婉茹.我国地方市场分割的成因和治理.经济研究，2001（6）：3-12
[35]岳昌君.教育对个人收入差异的影响.经济学(季刊)，2004：135-150
[36]张杰，张培丽，黄泰岩.市场分割推动了中国企业出口吗?经济研究，2010（8）：29-41
[37]张如庆，张二震.市场分割、FDI与外资顺差——基于省际数据的分析.世界经济研究，2009（2）：3-6
[38]赵人伟，李实.中国居民收入差距的扩大及其原因.经济研究，1997（9）：19-28
[39]赵伟，张萃. FDI与中国制造业区域集聚:基于20个行业的实证分析.经济研究，2007（11）：82-90
[40]赵永亮，才国伟.市场潜力的边界效应与内外部市场一体化.经济研究，2009（7）：119-130
[41]朱希伟，金祥荣，罗德明.国内市场分割与中国的出口贸易扩张.经济研究，2005（12）：68-76
[42] Abdel-Rahman, H. and M. Fujita.Product Variety,Marshallian Exiternalities,and CitySize.Journal of Regional Science,1990,30(2):165-183.
[43] Alonso, W.Location and Land Use.Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1964.
[44] Amiti, M.Location of Vertically Linked Industries: Agglomeration Versus ComparativeAdvantage.European Economic Review,2005,49(4):809-832.
[45] Amiti, M. and L. A. Cameron.Economic Geography and Wages: The Case of Indonesia.International Monetary Fund,2004.
[46] Amiti, M. and J. Konings.Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity:Evidence from Indonesia.The American Economic Review,2007,97(5):1611-1638.
[47] Amiti, M. and C. A. Pissarides.Trade and Industrial Location with HeterogeneousLabor.Journal of International Economics,2005,67(2):392-412.
[48] Amiti, M. and M. Wen.Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing in China.in: P.J. Lloyd andX.G. Zhang, Modeling the Chinese Economy. London:Edward Elgar,2001.
[49] Anderson, J. E. and E. v. Wincoop.Trade Costs.Journal of Economic Literature,2004,42(3):691-751.
[50] Anderson, S. P.,A. dePalma and J.-F. Thisse.Discrete Choice Theory of ProductDifferentiation. Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1992.
[51] Andersson, F. and R. Forslid.Tax Competition and Economic Geography.Journal of PublicEconomic Theory,2003,5(2):279-303.
[52] Angelini, P. and A. Generale.On the Evolution of Firm Size Distributions.The AmericanEconomic Review,2008,98(1):426-438.
[53] Antonio Ricci, L.Economic Geography and Comparative Advantage:: AgglomerationVersus Specialization.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):357-377.
[54] Antràs, P. and E. Helpman.Global Sourcing.The Journal of Political Economy,2004,112(3):552-580.
[55] Arnold, J. M.Productivity Estimation at the Plant Level: A Practical Guide.Econometrica,2005(2000):1-9.
[56] Baldwin, R.,R. Forslid,P. Martin, et al.Economic Geography and Public Policy. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003.
[57] Baldwin, R. and T. Okubo.Tax Reform, Delocation, and Heterogeneous Firms.Scand. J. ofEconomics,2009,111(4):741-764.
[58] Baldwin, R. and T. Okubo.International Trade, Offshoring and HeterogeneousFirms.National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,2011,No.16660.
[59] Baldwin, R. E.Agglomerate and Endogenous Capital.European Economic Review,1999,43:253-280.
[60] Baldwin, R. E.Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of theMelitz Model.SSRN eLibrary,2005.
[61] Baldwin, R. E. and R. Forslid.The Core-Periphery Model and Endogenous Growth:Stabilizing and Destabilizing Integration Economica,2000,67(267):307-324
[62] Baldwin, R. E. and R. Forslid.Trade Liberalization with Heterogeneous Firms.Review ofDevelopment Economics,2010,14(2):161-176.
[63] Baldwin, R. E. and P. Krugman.Agglomeration,Integration and Tax Harmonisation.European Economic Review,2004,481-23.
[64] Baldwin, R. E. and P. Martin.Agglomeration and Regional Growth.in: J. V. Henderson andT. Jacques-Fran ois, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Elsevier,2004.2671-2711.
[65] Baldwin, R. E.,P. Martin and G. I. P. Ottaviano.Global Income Divergence, Trade, andIndustrialization: The Geography of Growth Take-Offs.Journal of Economic Growth,2001,6:5-37.
[66] Baldwin, R. E. and T. Okubo.Agglomeration and the Heterogeneous Firms Trade Model.2006a.Working Paper.
[67] Baldwin, R. E. and T. Okubo.Heterogeneous Firms, Agglomeration and EconomicGeography: Spatial Selection and Sorting.Journal of Economic Geography,2006b,6(3):323-346.
[68] Barro, R. J.,N. G. Mankiw and X. Sala-I-Martin.Capital Mobility in Neoclassical Models ofGrowth.The American Economic Review,1995,85(1):103-115.
[69] Baumont, C. and J. M. Huriot.Urban Economics in Retrospect: Continuity or Change?J. M.Huriot and J. F. Thisse,Economics of Cities: Theoretical Perspectives.Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press,2000.74-107.
[70] Becker, J. and C. Fuest.Eu Regional Policy and Tax Competition.European EconomicReview,2010,54:150-161.
[71] Behrens, K.How Endogenous Asymmetries in Interregional Market Access TriggerRegional Divergence.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2005,35:471-492.
[72] Behrens, K.Do Changes in Transport Costs and Tariffs Shape the Space-Economy in theSame Way?Papers in Regional Science,2006,85(3):379-399.
[73] Behrens, K.,C. Gaigné and J.-F. Thisse.Industry Location and Welfare When TransportCosts Are Endogenous.Journal of Urban Economics,2009a,65(2):195-208.
[74] Behrens, K.,A. R. Lamorgese,G. I. P. Ottaviano, et al.Beyond the Home Market Effect:Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World.Journal of International Economics,2009b,79(2):259-265.
[75] Behrens, K.,G. Mion,Y. Murata, et al.Trade, Wages, and Productivity.SSRN eLibrary,2009c.
[76] Behrens, K. and Y. Murata.General Equilibrium Models of Monopolistic Competition: ANew Approach.Journal of Economic Theory,2007,136:776-787.
[77] Behrens, K. and F. Robert-Nicoud.Tempora Mutantur: In Search of a New Testament forNeg.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):215-230.
[78] Behrens, K. and J.-F. Thisse.Regional Economics: A New Economic GeographyPerspective.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2007,37(4):457-465.
[79] Bernard, A. B. and J. Bradford Jensen.Exceptional Exporter Performance: Cause, Effect, orBoth?Journal of International Economics,1999,47(1):1-25.
[80] Bernard, A. B.,J. Eaton,J. B. Jensen, et al.Plants and Productivity in International Trade TheAmerican Economic Review,2003,93(4):1268-1290.
[81] Bernard, A. B. and J. B. Jensen.Exporting and Productivity in the USA.Oxford Review ofEconomic Policy,2004a,20(3):343-357.
[82] Bernard, A. B. and J. B. Jensen.Why Some Firms Export.The Review of Economics andStatistics,2004b,86(2):561-569.
[83] Bernard, A. B.,J. B. Jensen,S. J. Redding, et al.Firms in International Trade.The Journal ofEconomic Perspectives,2007,21(3):105-130.
[84] Boland, L. A.The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology afterSamuelson Londen: Routledge,1989.
[85] Borck, R.,H.-J. Koh and M. Pflüger.Inefficient Lock-in and Subsidy Competition.SSRNeLibrary,2010.
[86] Boschma, R. and R. Martin.Editorial: Constructing an Evolutionary EconomicGeography.Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):537-548.
[87] Bosker, E. M.The Empirical Relevance of Geographical Economics.Utrecht UtrechtUniversity,2008.
[88] Bosker, M.,S. Brakman,H. Garretsen, et al.Looking for Multiple Equilibria WhenGeography Matters: German City Growth and the Wwii Shock.Journal of Urban Economics,2007,61(1):152-169.
[89] Bosker, M.,S. Brakman,H. Garretsen, et al.A Century of Shocks: The Evolution of theGerman City Size Distribution1925-1999.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2008,38(4):330-347.
[90] Bosker, M. and H. Garretsen.Trade Costs in Empirical New Economic Geography.Papersin Regional Science,2010,89(3):485-511.
[91] Brülhart, M.The Spatial Effects of Trade Openness:A Survey. Review of World Economics,2010,147(1):59-83.
[92] Brülhart, M.,M. Crozet and P. Koenig.Enlargement and the Eu Periphery: The Impact ofChanging Market Potential.World Economy,2004,27(6):853-875.
[93] Brakman, S.,H. Garretsen and C. v. Marrewijk.An Introduction to Geographical Economics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2001.
[94] Brakman, S.,H. Garretsen and M. Schramm.The Strategic Bombing of German CitiesDuring World War II and Its Impact on City Growth.Journal of Economic Geography,2004,4(2):201-218.
[95] Brander, J. and P. Krugman.A 'Eciprocal Dumping' Model of International Trade.Journal ofInternational Economics,1983,15(3-4):313-321.
[96] Brander, J. A. and B. J. Spencer.Export Subsidies and International Market ShareRivalry.Journal of International Economics,1985,18(1-2):83-100.
[97] Brock, W. A. and S. N. Durlauf.What Have We Learned from a Decade of EmpiricalResearch on Growth? Growth Empirics and Reality.The World Bank Economic Review,2001,15(2):229-272.
[98] Cabral, L. M. B. and J. Mata.On the Evolution of the Firm Size Distribution: Facts andTheory.The American Economic Review,2003,93(4):1075-1090.
[99] Chamberlin, E. H.The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press,1933.
[100] Charlot, S. and S. Paty.Do Agglomeration Forces Strengthen Tax Interactions?UrbanStudies,2010,47(5):1099-1116.
[101] Coe, D. T.,E. Helpman and A. W. Hoffmaister.North-South R&D Spillovers.TheEconomic Journal,1997,107(440):134-149.
[102] Combes, P. P.,T. Mayer and J.-F. Thisse.Economic Geography:The Integration of Regionsand Nations. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2008.
[103] Crosato, L. and P. Ganugi.Statistical Regularity of Firm Size Distribution: The Pareto Ivand Truncated Yule for Italian Sci Manufacturing.Statistical Methods&Applications,2007,16(1):85-115.
[104] Das, S.,M. J. Roberts and J. R. Tybout.Market Entry Costs, Producer Heterogeneity, andExport Dynamics.Econometrica,2007,75(3):837-873.
[105] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Does Economic Geography Matter for InternationalSpecialization?SSRN eLibrary,1997.
[106] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Economic Geography and Regional ProductionStructure: An Empirical Investigation.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):379-407.
[107] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography ofEconomic Activity.The American Economic Review,2002,92(5):1269-1289.
[108] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Market Access, Economic Geography and ComparativeAdvantage: An Empirical Test.Journal of International Economics,2003,59(1):1-23.
[109] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.A Search for Multiple Equilibria in Urban IndustrialStructure.Journal of Regional Science,2008,48(1):29-65.
[110] Dixit, A. K. and J. E. Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum ProductDiversity.The American Economic Review,1977,67(3):297-308.
[111] Dollar, D.Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly:Evidence from95Ldcs,1976-1985.Economic Development and Cultural Change,1992,40(3):523-544.
[112] Domeque, C. N.,C. Fillat and G. Sanz.The Home Market Effect in the Spanish Industry,1965–1995.The Annals of Regional Science,2011,46(2):379-396.
[113] Dupont, V. and P. Martin.Subsidies to Poor Regions and Inequalities: Some UnpleasantArithmetic.Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(2):223-240.
[114] Duranton, G. and M. Storper.Rising Trade Costs? Agglomeration and Trade withEndogenous Transaction Costs
[115] Des Co ts De Transaction Croissants? Agglomération Et Commerce En Présence DeCo ts De Transaction Endogènes.Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienned'économique,2008,41(1):292-319.
[116] Eaton, J.,S. Kortum and F. Kramarz.Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and ExportDestinations.The American Economic Review,2004,94(2):150-154.
[117] Egger, P. and T. Seidel.Agglomeration and Fair Wages.Canadian Journal ofEconomics/Revue canadienne d'économique,2008,41(1):271-291.
[118] Epifani, P.Heckscher-Ohlin and Agglomeration.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2005,35(6):645-657.
[119] Epifani, P. and G. A. Gancia.Trade, Migration and Regional Unemployment.RegionalScience and Urban Economics,2005,35(6):625-644.
[120] Ethier, W. J.National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory ofInternational Trade.The American Economic Review,1982,72(3):389-405.
[121] Fally, T.,R. Paillacar and C. Terra.Economic Geography and Wages in Brazil: Evidencefrom Micro-Data.Journal of Development Economics,2010,91(1):155-168.
[122] Falvey, R.,D. Greenaway and Z. Yu.Intra-Industry Trade between Asymmetric Countrieswith Heterogeneous Firms.University of Nottingham Research Paper No.2004/05,2004.
[123] Feenstra, R. C.,D. Madani,T.-H. Yang, et al.Testing Endogenous Growth in South Koreaand Taiwan.Journal of Development Economics,1999,60(2):317-341.
[124] Ferreira, P. C. and J. L. Rossi.New Evidence from Brazil on Trade Liberalization andProductivity Growth.International Economic Review,2003,44(4):1383-1405.
[125] Forslid, R.Tax Competition and Agglomeration: Main Effects and EmpiricalImplications.Swedish Economic Policy Review,2005,12:113-137.
[126] Forslid, R. and K. H. Midelfart.Internationalisation, Industrial Policy and Clusters.Journalof International Economics,2005,66(1):197-213.
[127] Forslid, R. and G. I. P. Ottaviano.An Analytically Solvable Core‐PeripheryModel.Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3(3):229-240.
[128] Francis, J.Agglomeration, Job Flows and Unemployment.The Annals of Regional Science,2009,43(1):181-198.
[129] Frankel, J. A. and D. Romer.Does Trade Cause Growth?The American Economic Review,1999,89(3):379-399.
[130] Fujita, M.A Monopolistic Competition Model of Spatial Agglomeration: DifferentiatedProduct Approach.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1988,18(1):87-124.
[131] Fujita, M.Location and Space-Economy at Half a Century: Revisiting Professor Isard'sDream on the General Theory.The Annals of Regional Science,1999,33(4):371-381.
[132] Fujita, M.The Evolution of Spatial Economics:From Thunen to the New EconomicGeography.Japanese Economic Review,2010,61(1):1-32.
[133] Fujita, M. and P. Krugman.When Is the Economy Monocentric?: Von Thünen andChamberlin Unified.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1995,25(4):505-528.
[134] Fujita, M.,P. Krugman and A. J. Venables.The Spatial Economy:Cities, Regions, andInternational Trade. Cambridge:The MIT Press,1999.
[135] Fujita, M. and T. Mori.Structural Stability and Evolution of Urban Systems.RegionalScience and Urban Economics,1997,27(4-5):399-442.
[136] Fujita, M. and T. Mori.Frontiers of the New Economic Geography.Papers in RegionalScience,2005,84(3):377-405.
[137] Fujita, M. and H. Ogawa.Multiple Equilibria and Structural Transition ofNon-Monocentric Urban Configurations.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1982,12(2):161-196.
[138] Fujita, M. and J.-F. Thisse.Economics of Agglomeration. Cambridge UniversityPress,2002.
[139] Ghironi, F. and M. J. Melitz.Trade Flow Dynamics with Heterogeneous Firms.TheAmerican Economic Review,2007,97(2):356-361.
[140] Gill, I. S. and C.-C. Goh.Scale Economies and Cities.The World Bank Research Observer,2010,25(2):235-262.
[141] Grossman, G. and E. Helpman.Innovation and Growth in the World Economy.Cambridge:MIT Press,1991.
[142] Gruber, S. and L. Marattin.Taxation, Infrastructure and Endogenous Trade Costs in NewEconomic Geography.Papers in Regional Science,2010,89(1):203-222.
[143] Hanson, G. H.Increasing Returns, Trade and the Regional Structure of Wages.TheEconomic Journal,1997,107(440):113-133.
[144] Hanson, G. H.Regional Adjustment to Trade Liberalization.Regional Science and UrbanEconomics,1998,28(4):419-444.
[145] Hanson, G. H.Market Potential, Increasing Returns and Geographic Concentration.Journalof International Economics,2005,67(1-24).
[146] Hanson, G. H. and A. Harrison.Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality inMexico.Industrial and Labor Relations Review,1999,52(2):271-288.
[147] Hanson, G. H. and C. Xiang.The Home-Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns.TheAmerican Economic Review,2004,94(4):1108-1129.
[148] Harris, C. D.The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the UnitedStates.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[149] Hay, D. A.The Post-1990Brazilian Trade Liberalisation and the Performance of LargeManufacturing Firms: Productivity, Market Share and Profits.The Economic Journal,2001,111(473):620-641.
[150] Head, K. and T. Mayer.Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential inthe Eu.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
[151] Helpman, E.International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation, Economies ofScale and Monopolistic Competition: A Chamberlin-Heckscher-Ohlin Approach.Journal ofInternational Economics,1981,11(3):305-340.
[152] Helpman, E.Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from FourteenIndustrial Countries.Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,1987,1(1):62-81.
[153] Helpman, E.The Size of Regions.in: D. Pines, E. Sadka and I. Zilcha, Topics in PublicEconomics: Theoretical and Applied Analysis. Cambridge University Press,1998.33-56.
[154] Helpman, E.,M. J. Melitz and S. R. Yeaple.Export Versus Fdi with HeterogeneousFirms.The American Economic Review,2004,94(1):300-316.
[155] Henderson, J. V.The Sizes and Types of Cities.The American Economic Review,1974,64(4):640-656.
[156] Hopenhayn, H. A.Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium.Econometrica,1992,60(5):1127-1150.
[157] Hotelling, H.Stability in Competition.The Economic Journal,1929,39(153):41-57.
[158] Isard, W.Location and Space-Economy.New York: The Technology Press andWiley,1956.
[159] Jovanovic, M. N.Evolutionary Economic Geography: Location of Production and theEuropean Union. New York:Routledge,2009.
[160] Kaldor, N.Mrs. Robinson's "Economics of Imperfect Competition".Economica,1934,1(3):335-341.
[161] Keller, W.Are International R&D Spillovers Trade-Related?: Analyzing Spillovers amongRandomly Matched Trade Partners.European Economic Review,1998,42(8):1469-1481.
[162] Keller, W.Do Trade Patterns and Technology Flows Affect Productivity Growth?TheWorld Bank Economic Review,2000,14(1):17-47.
[163] Kim, E.Trade Liberalization and Productivity Growth in Korean Manufacturing Industries:Price Protection, Market Power, and Scale Efficiency.Journal of Development Economics,2000,62(1):55-83.
[164] Kind, H. J.,K. H. M. Knarvik and G. Schjelderup.Competing for Capital in a 'Lumpy'World.Journal of Public Economics,2000,78(3):253-274.
[165] Kiso, T.Does New Economic Geography Explain the Spatial Distribution of Wages inJapan.2005.
[166] Kosfeld, R. and H.-F. Eckey.Market Access, Regional Price Level and Wage Disparities:The German Case.Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft,2010,30(2):105-128.
[167] Krishna, P. and D. Mitra.Trade Liberalization, Market Discipline and Productivity Growth:New Evidence from India.Journal of Development Economics,1998,56(2):447-462.
[168] Krugman, P.Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade.TheAmerican Economic Review,1980,70(5):950-959.
[169] Krugman, P.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.The Journal of PoliticalEconomy,1991,99(3):483-499.
[170] Krugman, P.A Dynamic Spatial Model.NBER Working Paper Series,1992,No.4219.
[171] Krugman, P.What's New About the New Economic Geography?Oxford Review ofEconomic Policy,1998,14(2):7-17.
[172] Krugman, P.The New Economic Geography, Now Middle-Aged.Regional Studies,2011,45(1).
[173] Krugman, P. and A. J. Venables.Integration, Specialization, and Adjustment.EuropeanEconomic Review,1996,40(3-5):959-967.
[174] Krugman, P. R.Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and InternationalTrade.Journal of International Economics,1979,9(4):469-479.
[175] Krugman, P. R.Intraindustry Specialization and the Gains from Trade.The Journal ofPolitical Economy,1981,89(5):959-973.
[176] Krugman, P. R. and A. J. Venables.Globalization and the Inequality of Nations.TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(4):857-880.
[177] Lambert, P. and G. Lanza.The Effect on Inequality of Changing One or TwoIncomes.Journal of Economic Inequality,2006,4(3):253-277.
[178] Lancaster, K.Socially Optimal Product Differentiation.The American Economic Review,1975,65(4):567-585.
[179] Lancaster, K.Intra-Industry Trade under Perfect Monopolistic Competition.Journal ofInternational Economics,1980,10(2):151-175.
[180] Levinsohn, J. and A. Petrin.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control forUnobservables.Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2):317-341.
[181] Lotti, F. and E. Santarelli.Industry Dynamics and the Distribution of Firm Sizes: ANonparametric Approach.Southern Economic Journal,2004,70(3):443-466.
[182] Lucas, R. E.On the Mechanics of Economic Development.Journal of MonetaryEconomics,1988,22(1):3-42.
[183] Ludema, R. D. and I. Wooton.Economic Geography and the Fiscal Effects of RegionalIntegration.Journal of International Economics,2000,52(2):331-357.
[184] Markusen, J. R.The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory ofInternational Trade.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(2):169-189.
[185] Marsili, O.Stability and Turbulence in the Size Distribution of Firms: Evidence fromDutch Manufacturing.International Review of Applied Economics,2006,20(2):255-272.
[186] Martin, P. and G. I.P. Ottaviano.Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model ofEndogenous Growth.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):281-302.
[187] Martin, P. and G. I. P. Ottaviano.Growth and Agglomeration.International EconomicReview,2001,42(4):947-968.
[188] Martin, P. and C. A. Rogers.Industrial Location and Public Infrastructure.Journal ofInternational Economics,1995,39(3-4):335-351.
[189] Mayer, T.Market Potential and Development.C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers,2008.
[190] McCann, P.Transport Costs and New Economic Geography.Journal of EconomicGeography,2005,5(3):305-318.
[191] McFadden, D.Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior.P.Zarembka,Frontiers in Econometrics.New York: Academic Press,1974.
[192] Melitz, M. J.The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate IndustryProductivity.Econometrica,2003,71(6):1695-1725.
[193] Mion, G.Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The Case of Italy.Journal of UrbanEconomics,2004,56(1):97-118.
[194] Monfort, P. and R. Nicolini.Regional Convergence and International Integration.Journalof Urban Economics,2000,48(2):286-306.
[195] Monfort, P. and T. van Ypersele.Integration, Regional Agglomeration and InternationalTrade.C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers,2003.
[196] Mori, T.A Modeling of Megalopolis Formation: The Maturing of City Systems.Journal ofUrban Economics,1997,42(1):133-157.
[197] Murata, Y.Product Diversity, Taste Heterogeneity, and Geographic Distribution ofEconomic Activities:Market Vs. Non-Market Interactions.Journal of Urban Economics,2003,53(1):126-144.
[198] Murata, Y.Taste Heterogeneity and the Scale of Production: Fragmentation, Unification,and Segmentation.Journal of Urban Economics,2007,62(1):135-160.
[199] Murata, Y. and J.-F. Thisse.A Simple Model of Economic Geography LaHelpman-Tabuchi.Journal of Urban Economics,2005,58(1):137-155.
[200] Neary, J. P.Of Hype and Hyperbolas: Introducing the New Economic Geography.Journalof Economic Literature,2001,39(2):536-561.
[201] Nitsch, V.Openness and Urban Concentration in Europe,1870-1990.Hamburg Institute ofInternational Economics,2001.
[202] Nocco, A.Perference Heterogeneity and Economic Geography.Journal of RegionalScience,2009,49(1):33-56.
[203] Ogawa, H. and M. Fujita.Equilibrium Land Use Patterns in a NonmonocentricCity.Journal of Regional Science,1980,20(4):455-475.
[204] Okubo, T.Trade Liberalisation and Agglomeration with Firm Heterogeneity: Forward andBackward Linkages.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2009,39(5):530-541.
[205] Okubo, T.Anti-Agglomeration Subsidies with Heterogeneous Firms.Research Institute forEconomics&Business Administration, Kobe University,2011.
[206] Okubo, T. and T. Eiichi.Industrial Relocation Policy and Heterogeneous Plants Sorted byProductivity: Evidence from Japan.Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry(RIETI),2010.
[207] Okubo, T.,P. M. Picard and J.-F. Thisse.The Spatial Selection of HeterogeneousFirms.Journal of International Economics,2010,82(2):230-237.
[208] Okubo, T. and V. Rebeyrol.Home Market Effect and Regulation Costs-HomogeneousFirm and Heterogeneous Firm Trade Models.HEI Working Paper No:02/2006,2006.
[209] Olley, G. S. and A. Pakes.The Dynamics of Productivity in the TelecommunicationsEquipment Industry.Econometrica,1996,64(6):1263-1297.
[210] Ottaviano, G.,T. Tabuchi and J.-F. Thisse.Agglomeration and TradeRevisited.International Economic Review,2002,43(2):409-435.
[211] Ottaviano, G. I. P.Monopolistic Competition, Trade, and Endogenous SpatialFluctuations.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2001,31(1):51-77.
[212] Ottaviano, G. I. P.‘New’ New Economic Geography: Firm Heterogeneity andAgglomeration Economies.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):231-240.
[213] Oyama, D.,Y. Sato,T. Tabuchi, et al.On the Impact of Trade on Industrial Structures: TheRole of Entry Cost Heterogeneity.SSRN eLibrary,2009.
[214] Paluzie, E.Trade Policy and Regional Inequalities.Papers in Regional Science,2001,80(1):67-85.
[215] Petrin, A.,B. Poi and J. Levinsohn.Production Function Estimation in Stata Using Inputsto Control for Unobservables.Stata Journal,2004,4(2):113-123.
[216] Pflüger, M.A Simple, Analytically Aolvable, Chamberlinian AgglomerationModel.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2004,34:565-573.
[217] Picard, P. M. and D.-Z. Zeng.Agricultural Sector and Industrial Agglomeration.Journal ofDevelopment Economics,2005,77(1):75-106.
[218] Pires, A.Estimating Krugman’s Economic Geography Model for the SpanishRegions.Spanish Economic Review,2006,8(2):83-112.
[219] Poncet, S.Measuring Chinese Domestic and International Integration.China EconomicReview,2003,14(1):1-21.
[220] Poncet, S.A Fragmented China: Measure and Determinants of Chinese Domestic MarketDisintegration.Review of International Economics,2005,13(3):409-430.
[221] Potter, A. and H. D. Watts.Evolutionary Agglomeration Theory: Increasing Returns,Diminishing Returns, and the Industry Life Cycle.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(3):417-455.
[222] Pred, A. R.The Spatial Dynamics of U.S. Urban-Industrial Growth,1800-1914:Interpretive and Theoretical Essays.Cambridge: MIT Press,1966.
[223] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Preferential Trading Arrangements and IndustrialLocation.Journal of International Economics,1997,43(3-4):347-368.
[224] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Trading Arrangements and Industrial Development.TheWorld Bank Economic Review,1998,12(2):221-249.
[225] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Agglomeration and Economic Development: ImportSubstitution Vs. Trade Liberalisation.The Economic Journal,1999,109(455):292-311.
[226] Rauch, J. E.Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage and the Volume ofTrade.The Economic Journal,1991,101(408):1230-1244.
[227] Redding, S. and A. J. Venables.Economic Geography and International Inequality.Journalof International Economics,2004,62(1):53-82.
[228] Redding, S. J.The Empirics of New Economic Geography.Journal of Regional Science,2010,50(1):297-311.
[229] Redding, S. J. and D. M. Sturm.The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from GermanDivision and Reunification.The American Economic Review,2008,98(5):1766-1797.
[230] Redding, S. J.,D. M. Sturm and N. Wolf.History and Industry Location: Evidence fromGerman Airports.Review of Economics and Statistics,2011,0(ja):null.
[231] Rivera-Batiz, L. A. and P. M. Romer.Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth.TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(2):531-555.
[232] Roberts, M.Recognising the Importance of Scale Economies:30Years of TheoreticalAdvance.Cambridge: University of Cambridge,2009.
[233] Robinson, J.The Economics of Imperfect Competition.London: Macmillan,1933.
[234] Rodríguez, F. and D. Rodrik.Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide tothe Cross-National Evidence.NBER Macroeconomics Annual,2000,15(ArticleType:research-article/Full publication date:2000/Copyright2000The University of ChicagoPress):261-325.
[235] Romer, P. M.Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization.The AmericanEconomic Review,1987,77(2):56-62.
[236] Russek, S.Differential Labour Mobility and Agglomeration.Papers in Regional Science,2010,89(3):587-606.
[237] Sachs, J. D. and A. M. Warner.Economic Convergence and Economic Policies.NationalBureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,1995,No.5039.
[238] Salop, S. C.Monopolistic Competition with Outside Goods.The Bell Journal of Economics,1979,10(1):141-156.
[239] Samuelson, P. A.The Transfer Problem and Transport Costs, Ii: Analysis of Effects ofTrade Impediments.The Economic Journal,1954,64(254):264-289.
[240] Sato, Y. and J.-F. Thisse.Competing for Capital When Labor Is Heterogeneous.EuropeanEconomic Review,2007,51(8):2054-2079.
[241] Schaper, M. T.,L. P. Dana,R. B. Anderson, et al.Distribution of Firms by Size:Observations and Evidence from Selected Countries.International Journal of Entrepreneurshipand Innovation Management,2008,8(6):718--725.
[242] Scitovsky, T.Two Concepts of External Economies.The Journal of Political Economy,1954,62(2):143-151.
[243] Spence, M.Product Differentiation and Welfare.The American Economic Review,1976,66(2):407-414.
[244] Starrett, D.Market Allocations of Location Choice in a Model with Free Mobility.Journalof Economic Theory,1978,17(1):21-37.
[245] Tabuchi, T.Urban Agglomeration and Dispersion: A Synthesis of Alonso andKrugman.Journal of Urban Economics,1998,44(3):333-351.
[246] Tabuchi, T. and J.-F. Thisse.Taste Heterogeneity, Labor Mobility and EconomicGeography.Journal of Development Economics,2002,69(1):155-177.
[247] Terra, C. T.Openness and Inflation: A New Assessment.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1998,113(2):641-648.
[248] Thirlwall, A. P.Trade Agreements, Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: ASelective Survey.African Development Review,2000,12(2):129-160.
[249] Toulemonde, E.Acquisition of Skills, Labor Subsidies, and Agglomeration ofFirms.Journal of Urban Economics,2006,59(3):420-439.
[250] Triffin, R.Monopolistic Competition and General Equilibrium Theory.Camberidge:Harvard University Press,1941.
[251] Tybout, J. R. and M. D. Westbrook.Trade Liberalization and the Dimensions of EfficiencyChange in Mexican Manufacturing Industries.Journal of International Economics,1995,39(1-2):53-78.
[252] Van Beveren, I.Total Factor Productivity Estimation:A Practical Review.Journal ofEconomic Surveys,2010:no-no.
[253] Van Biesebroeck, J.Robustness of Producticity Estimates.The Journal of IndustrialEconomics,2007,55(3):529-569.
[254] Venables, A. J.Equilibrium Locations of Vertically Linked Industries.InternationalEconomic Review,1996,37(2):341-359.
[255] Vives, X.Oligopoly Pricing: Old Ideas and New Tools.Cambridge: MIT Press,2001.
[256] vom Berge, P.Search Unemployment and New Economic Geography.University ofRegensburg Working Papers in Business No.454.2011.
[257] Von Thunen, J. H.Der Isolierte Staat in Beziehung Auf Landtschaft UndNationalokonomie.Hamburg:1826.
[258] Wagner, J.Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm-LevelData.World Economy,2007,30(1):60-82.
[259] Weder, R.Comparative Home-Market Advantage: An Empirical Analysis of British andAmerican Exports.Review of World Economics,2003,139(2):220-247.
[260] Winters, L. A.Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview.TheEconomic Journal,2004,114(493):F4-F21.
[261] Wolf, N.Endowments Vs. Market Potential: What Explains the Relocation of Industryafter the Polish Reunification in1918?Explorations in Economic History,2007,44(1):22-42.
[262] Wooldridge, J. M.On Estimating Firm-Level Production Functions Using Proxy Variablesto Control for Unobservables.Economics Letters,2009,104(3):112-114.
[263] WorldBank.Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development.WorldInvestment Report.New York and Geneva:2009.
[264] Xu, X.Have the Chinese Provinces Become Integrated under Reform?China EconomicReview,2002,13(2–3):116-133.
[265] Yan, Y.Labor Mobility, Fdi and Geography Agglomerate of China Industry.InternationalEconomic Association16th World Congress.Beijin:2011.
[266] Young, A.The Razor's Edge: Distortions and Incremental Reform in the People's Republicof China.Quarterly Journal of Economics,2000,115(4):1091-1135.
[267] Yu, Z.Trade, Market Size, and Industrial Structure: Revisiting the Home-MarketEffect.The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique,2005,38(1):255-272.
[268] Zierahn, U.Agglomeration, Congestion, and Regional Unemployment Disparities.MAGKS No.06-2011,2011.
[2]安虎森，颜银根.贸易自由化、工业化与企业区位——新经济地理视角中国FDI流入的研究.世界经济研究，2011b(2)：54-58
[3]安虎森，颜银根.中国分割的经济空间：基于区域间经济增长溢出的实证研究.南开大学经济研究所，2012
[4]安虎森,颜银根，朴银哲.城市高房价和户籍制度:促进或抑制城乡收入差距扩大?—中国劳动力流动和收入差距扩大悖论的一个解释.世界经济文汇,2011(4):41-54
[5]白重恩，杜颖娟，陶志刚等.地方保护主义及产业地区集中度的决定因素和变动趋势.经济研究，2004（4）：29-40
[6]薄文广，安虎森.中国被分割的区域经济运行空间——基于区际增长溢出效应差异性的研究.财经研究，2010（3）：77-89
[7]蔡昉，都阳.中国地区经济增长的趋同与差异——对西部开发战略的启示.经济研究，2000（10）：30-37
[8]蔡昉，王德文，都阳.劳动力市场扭曲对区域差距的影响.中国社会科学，2001（2）：4-14
[9]陈敏，桂琦寒，陆铭等.中国经济增长如何持续发挥规模效应?——经济开放与国内商品市场分割的实证研究.经济学(季刊)，2008（1）：125-150
[10]陈宗胜，周云波.文化程度等人口特征对城镇居民收入及收入差别的影响——三论经济发展对收入分配的影响.南开经济研究，2001（4）：38-42
[11]范剑勇，张雁.经济地理学与地区间工资差异.经济研究，2009（8）：73-84
[12]桂琦寒，陈敏，陆铭等.中国国内商品市场趋于分割还是整合:基于相对价格法的分析.世界经济，2006（2）：20-30
[13]江小涓，李辉.我国地区之间实际收入差距小于名义收入差距——加入地区间价格差异后的一项研究.经济研究，2005（9）：11-18
[14]金煜，陈钊，陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理学、新经济地理学与经济政策.经济研究，2006（4）：79-89
[15]康殿统，王文娟，杨雯.关于Pareto分布的一个综合研究.河西学院学报，2008（2）：1-5
[16]林毅夫，刘培林.中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距.经济研究，2003（3）：19-25
[17]刘小勇，李真.财政分权与地区市场分割实证研究.财经研究，2008（2）：88-98
[18]刘修岩，殷醒民.空间外部性与地区工资差异:基于动态面板数据的实证研究.经济学(季刊)，2009（1）：77-98
[19]路江涌，陶志刚.中国制造业区域聚集及国际比较.经济研究，2006（3）：103-114
[20]罗勇，曹丽莉.中国制造业集聚程度变动趋势实证研究.经济研究，2005（8）：106-115
[21]潘文卿，李子奈.中国沿海与内陆间经济影响的反馈与溢出效应.经济研究，2007（5）：68-77
[22]彭国华.中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析.经济研究，2005（9）：19-29
[23]钱学锋，王菊蓉，黄云湖等.出口与中国工业企业的生产率——自我选择效应还是出口学习效应?数量经济技术经济研究，2011（2）：37-51
[24]魏后凯.外商直接投资对中国区域经济增长的影响.经济研究，2002（4）：19-26
[25]徐现祥，李郇.市场一体化与区域协调发展.经济研究，2005（12）：57-67
[26]许召元，李善同.近年来中国地区差距的变化趋势.经济研究，2006（7）：106-116
[27]颜银根.贸易自由化、区域一体化与中国经济空间的分割.第十一届中国经济学年会.上海，2011a
[28]颜银根.转移支付、产业逆集聚与地区生产效率.第十一届中国经济学年会.上海，2011b
[29]颜银根.新经济地理学视角转移支付与区域协调发展.天津:南开大学经济研究所，2012a
[30]颜银根.劳动力流动、外商直接投资与中国工业的地理集聚.国际贸易问题，2012b（即将出版）
[31]颜银根，安虎森.中国-东盟自由贸易区建立后FDI流入能替代进口贸易吗?——基于新经济地理学贸易自由化的研究.经济评论，2011（4）：114-123
[32]杨伟民.地区间收入差距变动的实证分析.经济研究，1992（1）：70-74
[33]易靖韬.企业异质性、市场进入成本、技术溢出效应与出口参与决定.经济研究，2009（9）：106-115
[34]银温泉，才婉茹.我国地方市场分割的成因和治理.经济研究，2001（6）：3-12
[35]岳昌君.教育对个人收入差异的影响.经济学(季刊)，2004：135-150
[36]张杰，张培丽，黄泰岩.市场分割推动了中国企业出口吗?经济研究，2010（8）：29-41
[37]张如庆，张二震.市场分割、FDI与外资顺差——基于省际数据的分析.世界经济研究，2009（2）：3-6
[38]赵人伟，李实.中国居民收入差距的扩大及其原因.经济研究，1997（9）：19-28
[39]赵伟，张萃. FDI与中国制造业区域集聚:基于20个行业的实证分析.经济研究，2007（11）：82-90
[40]赵永亮，才国伟.市场潜力的边界效应与内外部市场一体化.经济研究，2009（7）：119-130
[41]朱希伟，金祥荣，罗德明.国内市场分割与中国的出口贸易扩张.经济研究，2005（12）：68-76
[42] Abdel-Rahman, H. and M. Fujita.Product Variety,Marshallian Exiternalities,and CitySize.Journal of Regional Science,1990,30(2):165-183.
[43] Alonso, W.Location and Land Use.Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1964.
[44] Amiti, M.Location of Vertically Linked Industries: Agglomeration Versus ComparativeAdvantage.European Economic Review,2005,49(4):809-832.
[45] Amiti, M. and L. A. Cameron.Economic Geography and Wages: The Case of Indonesia.International Monetary Fund,2004.
[46] Amiti, M. and J. Konings.Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity:Evidence from Indonesia.The American Economic Review,2007,97(5):1611-1638.
[47] Amiti, M. and C. A. Pissarides.Trade and Industrial Location with HeterogeneousLabor.Journal of International Economics,2005,67(2):392-412.
[48] Amiti, M. and M. Wen.Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing in China.in: P.J. Lloyd andX.G. Zhang, Modeling the Chinese Economy. London:Edward Elgar,2001.
[49] Anderson, J. E. and E. v. Wincoop.Trade Costs.Journal of Economic Literature,2004,42(3):691-751.
[50] Anderson, S. P.,A. dePalma and J.-F. Thisse.Discrete Choice Theory of ProductDifferentiation. Massachusetts:The MIT Press,1992.
[51] Andersson, F. and R. Forslid.Tax Competition and Economic Geography.Journal of PublicEconomic Theory,2003,5(2):279-303.
[52] Angelini, P. and A. Generale.On the Evolution of Firm Size Distributions.The AmericanEconomic Review,2008,98(1):426-438.
[53] Antonio Ricci, L.Economic Geography and Comparative Advantage:: AgglomerationVersus Specialization.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):357-377.
[54] Antràs, P. and E. Helpman.Global Sourcing.The Journal of Political Economy,2004,112(3):552-580.
[55] Arnold, J. M.Productivity Estimation at the Plant Level: A Practical Guide.Econometrica,2005(2000):1-9.
[56] Baldwin, R.,R. Forslid,P. Martin, et al.Economic Geography and Public Policy. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003.
[57] Baldwin, R. and T. Okubo.Tax Reform, Delocation, and Heterogeneous Firms.Scand. J. ofEconomics,2009,111(4):741-764.
[58] Baldwin, R. and T. Okubo.International Trade, Offshoring and HeterogeneousFirms.National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,2011,No.16660.
[59] Baldwin, R. E.Agglomerate and Endogenous Capital.European Economic Review,1999,43:253-280.
[60] Baldwin, R. E.Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of theMelitz Model.SSRN eLibrary,2005.
[61] Baldwin, R. E. and R. Forslid.The Core-Periphery Model and Endogenous Growth:Stabilizing and Destabilizing Integration Economica,2000,67(267):307-324
[62] Baldwin, R. E. and R. Forslid.Trade Liberalization with Heterogeneous Firms.Review ofDevelopment Economics,2010,14(2):161-176.
[63] Baldwin, R. E. and P. Krugman.Agglomeration,Integration and Tax Harmonisation.European Economic Review,2004,481-23.
[64] Baldwin, R. E. and P. Martin.Agglomeration and Regional Growth.in: J. V. Henderson andT. Jacques-Fran ois, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Elsevier,2004.2671-2711.
[65] Baldwin, R. E.,P. Martin and G. I. P. Ottaviano.Global Income Divergence, Trade, andIndustrialization: The Geography of Growth Take-Offs.Journal of Economic Growth,2001,6:5-37.
[66] Baldwin, R. E. and T. Okubo.Agglomeration and the Heterogeneous Firms Trade Model.2006a.Working Paper.
[67] Baldwin, R. E. and T. Okubo.Heterogeneous Firms, Agglomeration and EconomicGeography: Spatial Selection and Sorting.Journal of Economic Geography,2006b,6(3):323-346.
[68] Barro, R. J.,N. G. Mankiw and X. Sala-I-Martin.Capital Mobility in Neoclassical Models ofGrowth.The American Economic Review,1995,85(1):103-115.
[69] Baumont, C. and J. M. Huriot.Urban Economics in Retrospect: Continuity or Change?J. M.Huriot and J. F. Thisse,Economics of Cities: Theoretical Perspectives.Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press,2000.74-107.
[70] Becker, J. and C. Fuest.Eu Regional Policy and Tax Competition.European EconomicReview,2010,54:150-161.
[71] Behrens, K.How Endogenous Asymmetries in Interregional Market Access TriggerRegional Divergence.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2005,35:471-492.
[72] Behrens, K.Do Changes in Transport Costs and Tariffs Shape the Space-Economy in theSame Way?Papers in Regional Science,2006,85(3):379-399.
[73] Behrens, K.,C. Gaigné and J.-F. Thisse.Industry Location and Welfare When TransportCosts Are Endogenous.Journal of Urban Economics,2009a,65(2):195-208.
[74] Behrens, K.,A. R. Lamorgese,G. I. P. Ottaviano, et al.Beyond the Home Market Effect:Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World.Journal of International Economics,2009b,79(2):259-265.
[75] Behrens, K.,G. Mion,Y. Murata, et al.Trade, Wages, and Productivity.SSRN eLibrary,2009c.
[76] Behrens, K. and Y. Murata.General Equilibrium Models of Monopolistic Competition: ANew Approach.Journal of Economic Theory,2007,136:776-787.
[77] Behrens, K. and F. Robert-Nicoud.Tempora Mutantur: In Search of a New Testament forNeg.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):215-230.
[78] Behrens, K. and J.-F. Thisse.Regional Economics: A New Economic GeographyPerspective.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2007,37(4):457-465.
[79] Bernard, A. B. and J. Bradford Jensen.Exceptional Exporter Performance: Cause, Effect, orBoth?Journal of International Economics,1999,47(1):1-25.
[80] Bernard, A. B.,J. Eaton,J. B. Jensen, et al.Plants and Productivity in International Trade TheAmerican Economic Review,2003,93(4):1268-1290.
[81] Bernard, A. B. and J. B. Jensen.Exporting and Productivity in the USA.Oxford Review ofEconomic Policy,2004a,20(3):343-357.
[82] Bernard, A. B. and J. B. Jensen.Why Some Firms Export.The Review of Economics andStatistics,2004b,86(2):561-569.
[83] Bernard, A. B.,J. B. Jensen,S. J. Redding, et al.Firms in International Trade.The Journal ofEconomic Perspectives,2007,21(3):105-130.
[84] Boland, L. A.The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology afterSamuelson Londen: Routledge,1989.
[85] Borck, R.,H.-J. Koh and M. Pflüger.Inefficient Lock-in and Subsidy Competition.SSRNeLibrary,2010.
[86] Boschma, R. and R. Martin.Editorial: Constructing an Evolutionary EconomicGeography.Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):537-548.
[87] Bosker, E. M.The Empirical Relevance of Geographical Economics.Utrecht UtrechtUniversity,2008.
[88] Bosker, M.,S. Brakman,H. Garretsen, et al.Looking for Multiple Equilibria WhenGeography Matters: German City Growth and the Wwii Shock.Journal of Urban Economics,2007,61(1):152-169.
[89] Bosker, M.,S. Brakman,H. Garretsen, et al.A Century of Shocks: The Evolution of theGerman City Size Distribution1925-1999.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2008,38(4):330-347.
[90] Bosker, M. and H. Garretsen.Trade Costs in Empirical New Economic Geography.Papersin Regional Science,2010,89(3):485-511.
[91] Brülhart, M.The Spatial Effects of Trade Openness:A Survey. Review of World Economics,2010,147(1):59-83.
[92] Brülhart, M.,M. Crozet and P. Koenig.Enlargement and the Eu Periphery: The Impact ofChanging Market Potential.World Economy,2004,27(6):853-875.
[93] Brakman, S.,H. Garretsen and C. v. Marrewijk.An Introduction to Geographical Economics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2001.
[94] Brakman, S.,H. Garretsen and M. Schramm.The Strategic Bombing of German CitiesDuring World War II and Its Impact on City Growth.Journal of Economic Geography,2004,4(2):201-218.
[95] Brander, J. and P. Krugman.A 'Eciprocal Dumping' Model of International Trade.Journal ofInternational Economics,1983,15(3-4):313-321.
[96] Brander, J. A. and B. J. Spencer.Export Subsidies and International Market ShareRivalry.Journal of International Economics,1985,18(1-2):83-100.
[97] Brock, W. A. and S. N. Durlauf.What Have We Learned from a Decade of EmpiricalResearch on Growth? Growth Empirics and Reality.The World Bank Economic Review,2001,15(2):229-272.
[98] Cabral, L. M. B. and J. Mata.On the Evolution of the Firm Size Distribution: Facts andTheory.The American Economic Review,2003,93(4):1075-1090.
[99] Chamberlin, E. H.The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press,1933.
[100] Charlot, S. and S. Paty.Do Agglomeration Forces Strengthen Tax Interactions?UrbanStudies,2010,47(5):1099-1116.
[101] Coe, D. T.,E. Helpman and A. W. Hoffmaister.North-South R&D Spillovers.TheEconomic Journal,1997,107(440):134-149.
[102] Combes, P. P.,T. Mayer and J.-F. Thisse.Economic Geography:The Integration of Regionsand Nations. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2008.
[103] Crosato, L. and P. Ganugi.Statistical Regularity of Firm Size Distribution: The Pareto Ivand Truncated Yule for Italian Sci Manufacturing.Statistical Methods&Applications,2007,16(1):85-115.
[104] Das, S.,M. J. Roberts and J. R. Tybout.Market Entry Costs, Producer Heterogeneity, andExport Dynamics.Econometrica,2007,75(3):837-873.
[105] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Does Economic Geography Matter for InternationalSpecialization?SSRN eLibrary,1997.
[106] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Economic Geography and Regional ProductionStructure: An Empirical Investigation.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):379-407.
[107] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography ofEconomic Activity.The American Economic Review,2002,92(5):1269-1289.
[108] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.Market Access, Economic Geography and ComparativeAdvantage: An Empirical Test.Journal of International Economics,2003,59(1):1-23.
[109] Davis, D. R. and D. E. Weinstein.A Search for Multiple Equilibria in Urban IndustrialStructure.Journal of Regional Science,2008,48(1):29-65.
[110] Dixit, A. K. and J. E. Stiglitz.Monopolistic Competition and Optimum ProductDiversity.The American Economic Review,1977,67(3):297-308.
[111] Dollar, D.Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly:Evidence from95Ldcs,1976-1985.Economic Development and Cultural Change,1992,40(3):523-544.
[112] Domeque, C. N.,C. Fillat and G. Sanz.The Home Market Effect in the Spanish Industry,1965–1995.The Annals of Regional Science,2011,46(2):379-396.
[113] Dupont, V. and P. Martin.Subsidies to Poor Regions and Inequalities: Some UnpleasantArithmetic.Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(2):223-240.
[114] Duranton, G. and M. Storper.Rising Trade Costs? Agglomeration and Trade withEndogenous Transaction Costs
[115] Des Co ts De Transaction Croissants? Agglomération Et Commerce En Présence DeCo ts De Transaction Endogènes.Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienned'économique,2008,41(1):292-319.
[116] Eaton, J.,S. Kortum and F. Kramarz.Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and ExportDestinations.The American Economic Review,2004,94(2):150-154.
[117] Egger, P. and T. Seidel.Agglomeration and Fair Wages.Canadian Journal ofEconomics/Revue canadienne d'économique,2008,41(1):271-291.
[118] Epifani, P.Heckscher-Ohlin and Agglomeration.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2005,35(6):645-657.
[119] Epifani, P. and G. A. Gancia.Trade, Migration and Regional Unemployment.RegionalScience and Urban Economics,2005,35(6):625-644.
[120] Ethier, W. J.National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory ofInternational Trade.The American Economic Review,1982,72(3):389-405.
[121] Fally, T.,R. Paillacar and C. Terra.Economic Geography and Wages in Brazil: Evidencefrom Micro-Data.Journal of Development Economics,2010,91(1):155-168.
[122] Falvey, R.,D. Greenaway and Z. Yu.Intra-Industry Trade between Asymmetric Countrieswith Heterogeneous Firms.University of Nottingham Research Paper No.2004/05,2004.
[123] Feenstra, R. C.,D. Madani,T.-H. Yang, et al.Testing Endogenous Growth in South Koreaand Taiwan.Journal of Development Economics,1999,60(2):317-341.
[124] Ferreira, P. C. and J. L. Rossi.New Evidence from Brazil on Trade Liberalization andProductivity Growth.International Economic Review,2003,44(4):1383-1405.
[125] Forslid, R.Tax Competition and Agglomeration: Main Effects and EmpiricalImplications.Swedish Economic Policy Review,2005,12:113-137.
[126] Forslid, R. and K. H. Midelfart.Internationalisation, Industrial Policy and Clusters.Journalof International Economics,2005,66(1):197-213.
[127] Forslid, R. and G. I. P. Ottaviano.An Analytically Solvable Core‐PeripheryModel.Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3(3):229-240.
[128] Francis, J.Agglomeration, Job Flows and Unemployment.The Annals of Regional Science,2009,43(1):181-198.
[129] Frankel, J. A. and D. Romer.Does Trade Cause Growth?The American Economic Review,1999,89(3):379-399.
[130] Fujita, M.A Monopolistic Competition Model of Spatial Agglomeration: DifferentiatedProduct Approach.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1988,18(1):87-124.
[131] Fujita, M.Location and Space-Economy at Half a Century: Revisiting Professor Isard'sDream on the General Theory.The Annals of Regional Science,1999,33(4):371-381.
[132] Fujita, M.The Evolution of Spatial Economics:From Thunen to the New EconomicGeography.Japanese Economic Review,2010,61(1):1-32.
[133] Fujita, M. and P. Krugman.When Is the Economy Monocentric?: Von Thünen andChamberlin Unified.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1995,25(4):505-528.
[134] Fujita, M.,P. Krugman and A. J. Venables.The Spatial Economy:Cities, Regions, andInternational Trade. Cambridge:The MIT Press,1999.
[135] Fujita, M. and T. Mori.Structural Stability and Evolution of Urban Systems.RegionalScience and Urban Economics,1997,27(4-5):399-442.
[136] Fujita, M. and T. Mori.Frontiers of the New Economic Geography.Papers in RegionalScience,2005,84(3):377-405.
[137] Fujita, M. and H. Ogawa.Multiple Equilibria and Structural Transition ofNon-Monocentric Urban Configurations.Regional Science and Urban Economics,1982,12(2):161-196.
[138] Fujita, M. and J.-F. Thisse.Economics of Agglomeration. Cambridge UniversityPress,2002.
[139] Ghironi, F. and M. J. Melitz.Trade Flow Dynamics with Heterogeneous Firms.TheAmerican Economic Review,2007,97(2):356-361.
[140] Gill, I. S. and C.-C. Goh.Scale Economies and Cities.The World Bank Research Observer,2010,25(2):235-262.
[141] Grossman, G. and E. Helpman.Innovation and Growth in the World Economy.Cambridge:MIT Press,1991.
[142] Gruber, S. and L. Marattin.Taxation, Infrastructure and Endogenous Trade Costs in NewEconomic Geography.Papers in Regional Science,2010,89(1):203-222.
[143] Hanson, G. H.Increasing Returns, Trade and the Regional Structure of Wages.TheEconomic Journal,1997,107(440):113-133.
[144] Hanson, G. H.Regional Adjustment to Trade Liberalization.Regional Science and UrbanEconomics,1998,28(4):419-444.
[145] Hanson, G. H.Market Potential, Increasing Returns and Geographic Concentration.Journalof International Economics,2005,67(1-24).
[146] Hanson, G. H. and A. Harrison.Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality inMexico.Industrial and Labor Relations Review,1999,52(2):271-288.
[147] Hanson, G. H. and C. Xiang.The Home-Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns.TheAmerican Economic Review,2004,94(4):1108-1129.
[148] Harris, C. D.The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the UnitedStates.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[149] Hay, D. A.The Post-1990Brazilian Trade Liberalisation and the Performance of LargeManufacturing Firms: Productivity, Market Share and Profits.The Economic Journal,2001,111(473):620-641.
[150] Head, K. and T. Mayer.Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential inthe Eu.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
[151] Helpman, E.International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation, Economies ofScale and Monopolistic Competition: A Chamberlin-Heckscher-Ohlin Approach.Journal ofInternational Economics,1981,11(3):305-340.
[152] Helpman, E.Imperfect Competition and International Trade: Evidence from FourteenIndustrial Countries.Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,1987,1(1):62-81.
[153] Helpman, E.The Size of Regions.in: D. Pines, E. Sadka and I. Zilcha, Topics in PublicEconomics: Theoretical and Applied Analysis. Cambridge University Press,1998.33-56.
[154] Helpman, E.,M. J. Melitz and S. R. Yeaple.Export Versus Fdi with HeterogeneousFirms.The American Economic Review,2004,94(1):300-316.
[155] Henderson, J. V.The Sizes and Types of Cities.The American Economic Review,1974,64(4):640-656.
[156] Hopenhayn, H. A.Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium.Econometrica,1992,60(5):1127-1150.
[157] Hotelling, H.Stability in Competition.The Economic Journal,1929,39(153):41-57.
[158] Isard, W.Location and Space-Economy.New York: The Technology Press andWiley,1956.
[159] Jovanovic, M. N.Evolutionary Economic Geography: Location of Production and theEuropean Union. New York:Routledge,2009.
[160] Kaldor, N.Mrs. Robinson's "Economics of Imperfect Competition".Economica,1934,1(3):335-341.
[161] Keller, W.Are International R&D Spillovers Trade-Related?: Analyzing Spillovers amongRandomly Matched Trade Partners.European Economic Review,1998,42(8):1469-1481.
[162] Keller, W.Do Trade Patterns and Technology Flows Affect Productivity Growth?TheWorld Bank Economic Review,2000,14(1):17-47.
[163] Kim, E.Trade Liberalization and Productivity Growth in Korean Manufacturing Industries:Price Protection, Market Power, and Scale Efficiency.Journal of Development Economics,2000,62(1):55-83.
[164] Kind, H. J.,K. H. M. Knarvik and G. Schjelderup.Competing for Capital in a 'Lumpy'World.Journal of Public Economics,2000,78(3):253-274.
[165] Kiso, T.Does New Economic Geography Explain the Spatial Distribution of Wages inJapan.2005.
[166] Kosfeld, R. and H.-F. Eckey.Market Access, Regional Price Level and Wage Disparities:The German Case.Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft,2010,30(2):105-128.
[167] Krishna, P. and D. Mitra.Trade Liberalization, Market Discipline and Productivity Growth:New Evidence from India.Journal of Development Economics,1998,56(2):447-462.
[168] Krugman, P.Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade.TheAmerican Economic Review,1980,70(5):950-959.
[169] Krugman, P.Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.The Journal of PoliticalEconomy,1991,99(3):483-499.
[170] Krugman, P.A Dynamic Spatial Model.NBER Working Paper Series,1992,No.4219.
[171] Krugman, P.What's New About the New Economic Geography?Oxford Review ofEconomic Policy,1998,14(2):7-17.
[172] Krugman, P.The New Economic Geography, Now Middle-Aged.Regional Studies,2011,45(1).
[173] Krugman, P. and A. J. Venables.Integration, Specialization, and Adjustment.EuropeanEconomic Review,1996,40(3-5):959-967.
[174] Krugman, P. R.Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and InternationalTrade.Journal of International Economics,1979,9(4):469-479.
[175] Krugman, P. R.Intraindustry Specialization and the Gains from Trade.The Journal ofPolitical Economy,1981,89(5):959-973.
[176] Krugman, P. R. and A. J. Venables.Globalization and the Inequality of Nations.TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(4):857-880.
[177] Lambert, P. and G. Lanza.The Effect on Inequality of Changing One or TwoIncomes.Journal of Economic Inequality,2006,4(3):253-277.
[178] Lancaster, K.Socially Optimal Product Differentiation.The American Economic Review,1975,65(4):567-585.
[179] Lancaster, K.Intra-Industry Trade under Perfect Monopolistic Competition.Journal ofInternational Economics,1980,10(2):151-175.
[180] Levinsohn, J. and A. Petrin.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control forUnobservables.Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2):317-341.
[181] Lotti, F. and E. Santarelli.Industry Dynamics and the Distribution of Firm Sizes: ANonparametric Approach.Southern Economic Journal,2004,70(3):443-466.
[182] Lucas, R. E.On the Mechanics of Economic Development.Journal of MonetaryEconomics,1988,22(1):3-42.
[183] Ludema, R. D. and I. Wooton.Economic Geography and the Fiscal Effects of RegionalIntegration.Journal of International Economics,2000,52(2):331-357.
[184] Markusen, J. R.The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory ofInternational Trade.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(2):169-189.
[185] Marsili, O.Stability and Turbulence in the Size Distribution of Firms: Evidence fromDutch Manufacturing.International Review of Applied Economics,2006,20(2):255-272.
[186] Martin, P. and G. I.P. Ottaviano.Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model ofEndogenous Growth.European Economic Review,1999,43(2):281-302.
[187] Martin, P. and G. I. P. Ottaviano.Growth and Agglomeration.International EconomicReview,2001,42(4):947-968.
[188] Martin, P. and C. A. Rogers.Industrial Location and Public Infrastructure.Journal ofInternational Economics,1995,39(3-4):335-351.
[189] Mayer, T.Market Potential and Development.C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers,2008.
[190] McCann, P.Transport Costs and New Economic Geography.Journal of EconomicGeography,2005,5(3):305-318.
[191] McFadden, D.Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior.P.Zarembka,Frontiers in Econometrics.New York: Academic Press,1974.
[192] Melitz, M. J.The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate IndustryProductivity.Econometrica,2003,71(6):1695-1725.
[193] Mion, G.Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The Case of Italy.Journal of UrbanEconomics,2004,56(1):97-118.
[194] Monfort, P. and R. Nicolini.Regional Convergence and International Integration.Journalof Urban Economics,2000,48(2):286-306.
[195] Monfort, P. and T. van Ypersele.Integration, Regional Agglomeration and InternationalTrade.C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers,2003.
[196] Mori, T.A Modeling of Megalopolis Formation: The Maturing of City Systems.Journal ofUrban Economics,1997,42(1):133-157.
[197] Murata, Y.Product Diversity, Taste Heterogeneity, and Geographic Distribution ofEconomic Activities:Market Vs. Non-Market Interactions.Journal of Urban Economics,2003,53(1):126-144.
[198] Murata, Y.Taste Heterogeneity and the Scale of Production: Fragmentation, Unification,and Segmentation.Journal of Urban Economics,2007,62(1):135-160.
[199] Murata, Y. and J.-F. Thisse.A Simple Model of Economic Geography LaHelpman-Tabuchi.Journal of Urban Economics,2005,58(1):137-155.
[200] Neary, J. P.Of Hype and Hyperbolas: Introducing the New Economic Geography.Journalof Economic Literature,2001,39(2):536-561.
[201] Nitsch, V.Openness and Urban Concentration in Europe,1870-1990.Hamburg Institute ofInternational Economics,2001.
[202] Nocco, A.Perference Heterogeneity and Economic Geography.Journal of RegionalScience,2009,49(1):33-56.
[203] Ogawa, H. and M. Fujita.Equilibrium Land Use Patterns in a NonmonocentricCity.Journal of Regional Science,1980,20(4):455-475.
[204] Okubo, T.Trade Liberalisation and Agglomeration with Firm Heterogeneity: Forward andBackward Linkages.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2009,39(5):530-541.
[205] Okubo, T.Anti-Agglomeration Subsidies with Heterogeneous Firms.Research Institute forEconomics&Business Administration, Kobe University,2011.
[206] Okubo, T. and T. Eiichi.Industrial Relocation Policy and Heterogeneous Plants Sorted byProductivity: Evidence from Japan.Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry(RIETI),2010.
[207] Okubo, T.,P. M. Picard and J.-F. Thisse.The Spatial Selection of HeterogeneousFirms.Journal of International Economics,2010,82(2):230-237.
[208] Okubo, T. and V. Rebeyrol.Home Market Effect and Regulation Costs-HomogeneousFirm and Heterogeneous Firm Trade Models.HEI Working Paper No:02/2006,2006.
[209] Olley, G. S. and A. Pakes.The Dynamics of Productivity in the TelecommunicationsEquipment Industry.Econometrica,1996,64(6):1263-1297.
[210] Ottaviano, G.,T. Tabuchi and J.-F. Thisse.Agglomeration and TradeRevisited.International Economic Review,2002,43(2):409-435.
[211] Ottaviano, G. I. P.Monopolistic Competition, Trade, and Endogenous SpatialFluctuations.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2001,31(1):51-77.
[212] Ottaviano, G. I. P.‘New’ New Economic Geography: Firm Heterogeneity andAgglomeration Economies.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(2):231-240.
[213] Oyama, D.,Y. Sato,T. Tabuchi, et al.On the Impact of Trade on Industrial Structures: TheRole of Entry Cost Heterogeneity.SSRN eLibrary,2009.
[214] Paluzie, E.Trade Policy and Regional Inequalities.Papers in Regional Science,2001,80(1):67-85.
[215] Petrin, A.,B. Poi and J. Levinsohn.Production Function Estimation in Stata Using Inputsto Control for Unobservables.Stata Journal,2004,4(2):113-123.
[216] Pflüger, M.A Simple, Analytically Aolvable, Chamberlinian AgglomerationModel.Regional Science and Urban Economics,2004,34:565-573.
[217] Picard, P. M. and D.-Z. Zeng.Agricultural Sector and Industrial Agglomeration.Journal ofDevelopment Economics,2005,77(1):75-106.
[218] Pires, A.Estimating Krugman’s Economic Geography Model for the SpanishRegions.Spanish Economic Review,2006,8(2):83-112.
[219] Poncet, S.Measuring Chinese Domestic and International Integration.China EconomicReview,2003,14(1):1-21.
[220] Poncet, S.A Fragmented China: Measure and Determinants of Chinese Domestic MarketDisintegration.Review of International Economics,2005,13(3):409-430.
[221] Potter, A. and H. D. Watts.Evolutionary Agglomeration Theory: Increasing Returns,Diminishing Returns, and the Industry Life Cycle.Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(3):417-455.
[222] Pred, A. R.The Spatial Dynamics of U.S. Urban-Industrial Growth,1800-1914:Interpretive and Theoretical Essays.Cambridge: MIT Press,1966.
[223] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Preferential Trading Arrangements and IndustrialLocation.Journal of International Economics,1997,43(3-4):347-368.
[224] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Trading Arrangements and Industrial Development.TheWorld Bank Economic Review,1998,12(2):221-249.
[225] Puga, D. and A. J. Venables.Agglomeration and Economic Development: ImportSubstitution Vs. Trade Liberalisation.The Economic Journal,1999,109(455):292-311.
[226] Rauch, J. E.Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage and the Volume ofTrade.The Economic Journal,1991,101(408):1230-1244.
[227] Redding, S. and A. J. Venables.Economic Geography and International Inequality.Journalof International Economics,2004,62(1):53-82.
[228] Redding, S. J.The Empirics of New Economic Geography.Journal of Regional Science,2010,50(1):297-311.
[229] Redding, S. J. and D. M. Sturm.The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from GermanDivision and Reunification.The American Economic Review,2008,98(5):1766-1797.
[230] Redding, S. J.,D. M. Sturm and N. Wolf.History and Industry Location: Evidence fromGerman Airports.Review of Economics and Statistics,2011,0(ja):null.
[231] Rivera-Batiz, L. A. and P. M. Romer.Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth.TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(2):531-555.
[232] Roberts, M.Recognising the Importance of Scale Economies:30Years of TheoreticalAdvance.Cambridge: University of Cambridge,2009.
[233] Robinson, J.The Economics of Imperfect Competition.London: Macmillan,1933.
[234] Rodríguez, F. and D. Rodrik.Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide tothe Cross-National Evidence.NBER Macroeconomics Annual,2000,15(ArticleType:research-article/Full publication date:2000/Copyright2000The University of ChicagoPress):261-325.
[235] Romer, P. M.Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization.The AmericanEconomic Review,1987,77(2):56-62.
[236] Russek, S.Differential Labour Mobility and Agglomeration.Papers in Regional Science,2010,89(3):587-606.
[237] Sachs, J. D. and A. M. Warner.Economic Convergence and Economic Policies.NationalBureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series,1995,No.5039.
[238] Salop, S. C.Monopolistic Competition with Outside Goods.The Bell Journal of Economics,1979,10(1):141-156.
[239] Samuelson, P. A.The Transfer Problem and Transport Costs, Ii: Analysis of Effects ofTrade Impediments.The Economic Journal,1954,64(254):264-289.
[240] Sato, Y. and J.-F. Thisse.Competing for Capital When Labor Is Heterogeneous.EuropeanEconomic Review,2007,51(8):2054-2079.
[241] Schaper, M. T.,L. P. Dana,R. B. Anderson, et al.Distribution of Firms by Size:Observations and Evidence from Selected Countries.International Journal of Entrepreneurshipand Innovation Management,2008,8(6):718--725.
[242] Scitovsky, T.Two Concepts of External Economies.The Journal of Political Economy,1954,62(2):143-151.
[243] Spence, M.Product Differentiation and Welfare.The American Economic Review,1976,66(2):407-414.
[244] Starrett, D.Market Allocations of Location Choice in a Model with Free Mobility.Journalof Economic Theory,1978,17(1):21-37.
[245] Tabuchi, T.Urban Agglomeration and Dispersion: A Synthesis of Alonso andKrugman.Journal of Urban Economics,1998,44(3):333-351.
[246] Tabuchi, T. and J.-F. Thisse.Taste Heterogeneity, Labor Mobility and EconomicGeography.Journal of Development Economics,2002,69(1):155-177.
[247] Terra, C. T.Openness and Inflation: A New Assessment.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1998,113(2):641-648.
[248] Thirlwall, A. P.Trade Agreements, Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: ASelective Survey.African Development Review,2000,12(2):129-160.
[249] Toulemonde, E.Acquisition of Skills, Labor Subsidies, and Agglomeration ofFirms.Journal of Urban Economics,2006,59(3):420-439.
[250] Triffin, R.Monopolistic Competition and General Equilibrium Theory.Camberidge:Harvard University Press,1941.
[251] Tybout, J. R. and M. D. Westbrook.Trade Liberalization and the Dimensions of EfficiencyChange in Mexican Manufacturing Industries.Journal of International Economics,1995,39(1-2):53-78.
[252] Van Beveren, I.Total Factor Productivity Estimation:A Practical Review.Journal ofEconomic Surveys,2010:no-no.
[253] Van Biesebroeck, J.Robustness of Producticity Estimates.The Journal of IndustrialEconomics,2007,55(3):529-569.
[254] Venables, A. J.Equilibrium Locations of Vertically Linked Industries.InternationalEconomic Review,1996,37(2):341-359.
[255] Vives, X.Oligopoly Pricing: Old Ideas and New Tools.Cambridge: MIT Press,2001.
[256] vom Berge, P.Search Unemployment and New Economic Geography.University ofRegensburg Working Papers in Business No.454.2011.
[257] Von Thunen, J. H.Der Isolierte Staat in Beziehung Auf Landtschaft UndNationalokonomie.Hamburg:1826.
[258] Wagner, J.Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm-LevelData.World Economy,2007,30(1):60-82.
[259] Weder, R.Comparative Home-Market Advantage: An Empirical Analysis of British andAmerican Exports.Review of World Economics,2003,139(2):220-247.
[260] Winters, L. A.Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview.TheEconomic Journal,2004,114(493):F4-F21.
[261] Wolf, N.Endowments Vs. Market Potential: What Explains the Relocation of Industryafter the Polish Reunification in1918?Explorations in Economic History,2007,44(1):22-42.
[262] Wooldridge, J. M.On Estimating Firm-Level Production Functions Using Proxy Variablesto Control for Unobservables.Economics Letters,2009,104(3):112-114.
[263] WorldBank.Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development.WorldInvestment Report.New York and Geneva:2009.
[264] Xu, X.Have the Chinese Provinces Become Integrated under Reform?China EconomicReview,2002,13(2–3):116-133.
[265] Yan, Y.Labor Mobility, Fdi and Geography Agglomerate of China Industry.InternationalEconomic Association16th World Congress.Beijin:2011.
[266] Young, A.The Razor's Edge: Distortions and Incremental Reform in the People's Republicof China.Quarterly Journal of Economics,2000,115(4):1091-1135.
[267] Yu, Z.Trade, Market Size, and Industrial Structure: Revisiting the Home-MarketEffect.The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique,2005,38(1):255-272.
[268] Zierahn, U.Agglomeration, Congestion, and Regional Unemployment Disparities.MAGKS No.06-2011,2011.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |