区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价研究
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摘要
大力推进节水灌溉是缓解我国水资源紧缺矛盾的战略选择,也是我国的一项基本国策。一个区域节水灌溉发展水平的准确评价,是正确认识本地区节水灌溉发展水平、进一步科学规划与建设,更好地推动本区域节水灌溉发展的基础,也是缓解本区域用水紧张局面、促进水资源高效利用和保障农业生产持续发展的关键,同时,对于推动区域节水灌溉沿着科学的轨道发展,保证区域水安全、粮食安全也具有重要意义。
四川省是我国粮食生产大省,本文在详细调查2010年四川省不同区域节水灌溉发展实际情况基础上,结合四川省区域节水灌溉发展的影响因素,取得了以下主要结论：
(1)针对四川省节水灌溉发展的影响因素,选取33项指标,建立了区域工程节水、农艺节水、管理节水发展水平评价体系,基于主成分分析法进行降维,筛选出14项综合评价指标,建立了区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价体系。构建基于逼近理想解评价法(TOPSIS)、可变模糊评价法(VFT)和集对评价法(SPA)的区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价模型。结果表明,四川省节水灌溉发展水平综合评价处于“较差”水平,各地区间存在一定的差异性,未来发展潜力较大。
(2)3种评价模型对四川省的工程节水、农艺节水和管理节水的评价结果存在一定的差异,但均真实反映了实际情况。TOPSIS模型评价结果与实际情况最为一致；SPA模型计算简便,但对不同区域处在同一等级时其评价结果无法准确反映节水水平的差异性；VFT模型相对于前两种模型评价结果略偏向好的方面。
(3)3种评价模型均可应用于四川省区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价,且均准确了反映四川省区域节水灌溉的整体发展水平。TOPSIS模型评价结果最为准确,VFT模型次之,SPA模型相对较差。TOPSIS模型可以推广应用于不同区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价。
(4)未来四川省不同节水灌溉区域的发展重点为：盆地腹部区在充分利用当地径流的前提下,从盆周山区调水,抓好大中型灌区与水源工程新建,对已成大中型灌区实施渠道防渗及田间工程配套,并努力推动高效节水灌溉工程的发展；盆周山区重点抓好田间工程配套、已成渠道防渗及小农水重点县建设,发展低压管道输水灌溉技术,加快新建灌区建设步伐；攀西山地区应加快各类灌区节水改造与水源工程整治,做好小型农田水利重点县建设；西部高山高原区在保护生态环境的前提下,加快牧区水利建设力度,抓好小农水重点县建设,并推广管道输水灌溉与喷灌等高效节水灌溉技术。
Water saving irrigation Promoted vigorously is the strategic choice and a basic state policy of our country to ease the shortage of water resources. An accurate evaluation of regional water saving irrigation development level is of developing of them with scientific planning and construction. And, it is the key to relieve the tense situation of water, promote the efficient of water resources usage and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production in the region. It is also of great significance for promoting the scientific development of water saving irrigation, ensuring regionalwater security and food security.
Sichuan is a province with more grain production in china. In this paper, many main resluts are acquired by combining influence factors of water saving irrigation development and detailed investigation of real situation of different water saving developing regions of sichuan province in2010, main conclusions of the study are as follows:
(1)According to influence factors of water saving irrigation developing in Sichuan province, Evaluation system of regional engineering, agronomy and management water saving development is constructed with33items of indices selected. Then,14comprehensive evaluation indexes were selected by reducing the dimensions of33indices, and the comprehensive evaluation system of regional water saving irrigation is constructed. Three evaluation models of comprehensive evaluation are established based on similarity to ideal solution evaluation method (TOPSIS),variable fuzzy assessment method (VFT) and set pair analysis method (SPA). The results of three models indicate coincidently that water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan is "poorer", the level in various regions is different, and the development potential is large.
(2)There are some differences of evaluation results by three models. But, all of the results reflect the real situation by them. TOPSIS model most close to the real situation. SPA evaluation method is simple and calculation is concise, but it is difficult to compare the water saving level in different regions of the same rank. The evaluation result by VFT model is better than the former two methods.
(3)Three kinds of evaluation models can be applied in comprehensive evaluation investigation for regional water-saving irrigation development level in Sichuan province,the evaluation results by the three models can accurately reflect the regional water saving irrigation development level. TOPSIS model is the most accurate, followed by VFT model and the last is SPA model. TOPSIS model can be applied to comprehensively evaluate the water saving irrigation development level in different areas.
(4)The main aspects of development in different water saving irrigation regions in future are as follows:The development priorities of different water saving irrigation areas in Sichuan in future different are as follows, Under the premise of full and rational usage of local runoff, water can be transferred from the mountain areas around the Sichuan basin to the abdominal area of the basin. Many new projects of large and middle-scale irrigated area are established. Channel impervious and field projects are also established for large and middle-scale irrigated area established in past times. In region of mountain areas around Sichuan basin, the development keys are field engineering auxiliary projects, seepage prevention projects for channel built in past times, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy, development of technology of delivering water and irrigating with low-pressure pipes, engineering renovation of all kinds of irrigation areas. In PanXi mountain region, the development keys are water saving reform of all kinds of irrigation areas and water source engineering renovation, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy. In the western mountain plateau area, under the premise of ecological environmental protection, the development keys are the water conservancy construction accelerated in pastoral areas, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy, extending the more efficient technology of water saving irrigation of irrigating with pipes and sprinkling irrigation.
四川省是我国粮食生产大省,本文在详细调查2010年四川省不同区域节水灌溉发展实际情况基础上,结合四川省区域节水灌溉发展的影响因素,取得了以下主要结论：
(1)针对四川省节水灌溉发展的影响因素,选取33项指标,建立了区域工程节水、农艺节水、管理节水发展水平评价体系,基于主成分分析法进行降维,筛选出14项综合评价指标,建立了区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价体系。构建基于逼近理想解评价法(TOPSIS)、可变模糊评价法(VFT)和集对评价法(SPA)的区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价模型。结果表明,四川省节水灌溉发展水平综合评价处于“较差”水平,各地区间存在一定的差异性,未来发展潜力较大。
(2)3种评价模型对四川省的工程节水、农艺节水和管理节水的评价结果存在一定的差异,但均真实反映了实际情况。TOPSIS模型评价结果与实际情况最为一致；SPA模型计算简便,但对不同区域处在同一等级时其评价结果无法准确反映节水水平的差异性；VFT模型相对于前两种模型评价结果略偏向好的方面。
(3)3种评价模型均可应用于四川省区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价,且均准确了反映四川省区域节水灌溉的整体发展水平。TOPSIS模型评价结果最为准确,VFT模型次之,SPA模型相对较差。TOPSIS模型可以推广应用于不同区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价。
(4)未来四川省不同节水灌溉区域的发展重点为：盆地腹部区在充分利用当地径流的前提下,从盆周山区调水,抓好大中型灌区与水源工程新建,对已成大中型灌区实施渠道防渗及田间工程配套,并努力推动高效节水灌溉工程的发展；盆周山区重点抓好田间工程配套、已成渠道防渗及小农水重点县建设,发展低压管道输水灌溉技术,加快新建灌区建设步伐；攀西山地区应加快各类灌区节水改造与水源工程整治,做好小型农田水利重点县建设；西部高山高原区在保护生态环境的前提下,加快牧区水利建设力度,抓好小农水重点县建设,并推广管道输水灌溉与喷灌等高效节水灌溉技术。
Water saving irrigation Promoted vigorously is the strategic choice and a basic state policy of our country to ease the shortage of water resources. An accurate evaluation of regional water saving irrigation development level is of developing of them with scientific planning and construction. And, it is the key to relieve the tense situation of water, promote the efficient of water resources usage and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production in the region. It is also of great significance for promoting the scientific development of water saving irrigation, ensuring regionalwater security and food security.
Sichuan is a province with more grain production in china. In this paper, many main resluts are acquired by combining influence factors of water saving irrigation development and detailed investigation of real situation of different water saving developing regions of sichuan province in2010, main conclusions of the study are as follows:
(1)According to influence factors of water saving irrigation developing in Sichuan province, Evaluation system of regional engineering, agronomy and management water saving development is constructed with33items of indices selected. Then,14comprehensive evaluation indexes were selected by reducing the dimensions of33indices, and the comprehensive evaluation system of regional water saving irrigation is constructed. Three evaluation models of comprehensive evaluation are established based on similarity to ideal solution evaluation method (TOPSIS),variable fuzzy assessment method (VFT) and set pair analysis method (SPA). The results of three models indicate coincidently that water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan is "poorer", the level in various regions is different, and the development potential is large.
(2)There are some differences of evaluation results by three models. But, all of the results reflect the real situation by them. TOPSIS model most close to the real situation. SPA evaluation method is simple and calculation is concise, but it is difficult to compare the water saving level in different regions of the same rank. The evaluation result by VFT model is better than the former two methods.
(3)Three kinds of evaluation models can be applied in comprehensive evaluation investigation for regional water-saving irrigation development level in Sichuan province,the evaluation results by the three models can accurately reflect the regional water saving irrigation development level. TOPSIS model is the most accurate, followed by VFT model and the last is SPA model. TOPSIS model can be applied to comprehensively evaluate the water saving irrigation development level in different areas.
(4)The main aspects of development in different water saving irrigation regions in future are as follows:The development priorities of different water saving irrigation areas in Sichuan in future different are as follows, Under the premise of full and rational usage of local runoff, water can be transferred from the mountain areas around the Sichuan basin to the abdominal area of the basin. Many new projects of large and middle-scale irrigated area are established. Channel impervious and field projects are also established for large and middle-scale irrigated area established in past times. In region of mountain areas around Sichuan basin, the development keys are field engineering auxiliary projects, seepage prevention projects for channel built in past times, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy, development of technology of delivering water and irrigating with low-pressure pipes, engineering renovation of all kinds of irrigation areas. In PanXi mountain region, the development keys are water saving reform of all kinds of irrigation areas and water source engineering renovation, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy. In the western mountain plateau area, under the premise of ecological environmental protection, the development keys are the water conservancy construction accelerated in pastoral areas, constructions of key counties of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy, extending the more efficient technology of water saving irrigation of irrigating with pipes and sprinkling irrigation.
引文
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