深松铲减阻耐磨仿生理论与技术
摘要
运用仿生学原理解决工程实际问题已经成为当今世界科学技术发展的一大进步。现代仿生学的研究与应用几乎已经渗透到工农业生产的各个领域，包括农业机械领域。磨损严重和耕作阻力大一直是农机耕作机械多年来未能很好解决的两大技术难题。特别对于典型农机触土工作部件深松铲，其作业特点是工作阻力大，能耗高，铲刃的土壤磨损严重，使用寿命短。本研究以结构仿生、功能仿生为手段，对深松铲进行结构优化设计，降低其耕作阻力，并提高深松铲刃的耐磨性能。
某些水生软体动物壳体，如贝壳、蛤蜊壳，在其生存环境中长期承受水砂石的磨料磨损，但却表现出了优良的耐磨性能。典型土壤洞穴动物穿山甲的体表鳞片在其活动与捕食过程中承受土壤及砂石的反复磨损，同样展现出非凡的耐磨性能。上述两种生物之所以具有如此优异的耐磨特性，一方面与耐磨组织器官的材料组成有关，而另一方面是器官表面微观或宏观的几何结构起到了不可忽视的作用。土壤对深松铲刃的磨料磨损形式与上述两种生物体表耐磨组织器官的磨损形式非常相近。受到这一启发，本研究将栉孔扇贝的壳体、穿山甲体表鳞片作为仿生原型，并将这种优良特性应用于深松铲刃的耐磨设计。研究发现，贝壳和穿山甲鳞片的外表面均有呈放射状分布的棱纹形几何结构。利用逆向工程技术对两种研究对象外表面的棱纹几何结构信息进行了提取，得到了棱纹结构横截面的轮廓坐标点分布。根据坐标点的分布形态，选用正弦函数曲线对坐标点进行了数学拟合，对拟合的近似程度进行了评估，得到了拟合曲线及方程。拟合方程的一般形式为： f (x)=asin(bx+c)，利用这一数学模型，对深松铲刃的触土表面进行耐磨结构仿生设计。根据深松铲刃在实际作业过程中的农艺要求，并充分考虑了加工工艺性等因素，最终确定铲刃表面的棱纹条横截面的轮廓线方程具体形式为： f (x)=1.3sin(0.4x)，棱纹条底宽D=5mm，高H=1.3mm。棱纹条在深松铲刃表面的分布间距分别为1D，1.5D和2D三种不同形式，其长度与铲刃的宽度相等。根据上述设计方案，选用65Mn和T10两种耐磨钢设计制备仿生耐磨深松铲刃试样，并在磨料磨损试验机上与同一材料的普通平板型深松铲刃试样进行土壤磨料磨损试验。对试验样件的磨损量分析结果表明，对于所有类型的试样，在相同试验条件下，仿生棱纹形样件的磨损量均明显小于普通平板型，减小幅度为7.1%-44%，说明仿生棱纹形几何结构可以显著提高深松铲刃的耐磨性能。而且随着相对滑动速度的升高，试验样件的磨损量随之增大，证明相对滑动速度对样件的磨损量影响显著。同种材料的仿生棱纹形深松铲刃的磨损量对比分析结果显示，分布间距为1.5D型的铲刃磨损量明显小于1D型和2D型，由此证明，棱纹结构的分布间距对铲刃的耐磨性具有显著影响，且1.5D型的棱纹分布间距最有利于提高深松铲的耐磨性。同种类型(棱纹分布间距或平板型)不同材料的试样在相同试验条件下的磨损量对比分析结果表明，T10钢样件的磨损量均小于65Mn的，说明T10钢的耐磨性明显高于65Mn。这可为以后深松铲刃耐磨性提高之加工制造材料的选择提供理论依据。
经过亿万年的进化，自然界中某些生物的身体器官具备了某种特殊功能。如典型土壤洞穴动物小家鼠，其爪趾即进化出了极其高效的土壤挖掘功能。这可以为深松铲的减阻结构设计提供仿生参考。
本研究以小家鼠具有高效挖掘功能的爪趾为仿生原型，以降低深松铲的耕作阻力为目标，对深松铲的铲柄破土刃口曲线形式进行结构仿生设计。研究发现，深松铲的耕作阻力主要来自于铲柄破土刃口对坚硬土层的犁切作用，因此，降低铲柄破土刃口的切土阻力将会使深松铲耕作阻力显著下降。研究发现，小家鼠爪趾的纵剖面上表面轮廓线具有指数特征，其方程的具体形式为：Y=66.61e0.0117X+17.78e0.1835X。将爪趾轮廓拟合曲线应用于深松铲铲柄的破土刃口曲线结构设计之中，设计制备了指数函数曲线型仿生减阻深松铲。在室内土槽实验室与L型、倾斜型、抛物线型三种类型的深松铲进行了耕作阻力对比试验。耕作阻力对比分析结果表明，耕深和前进速度对深松铲的耕作阻力具有显著影响。在相同试验条件下，指数函数曲线型深松铲的耕作阻力均小于其它三种类型，阻力降低幅度为7.9%-58.7%，说明指数函数曲线型深松铲具有明显的减阻效果。利用指数函数曲线型深松铲与普通圆弧型深松铲在田间进行了耕作阻力试验，结果表明，在相同试验条件下，指数函数曲线型深松铲的耕作阻力明显小于普通圆弧型深松铲，阻力降低幅度为8.5%-39.5%，由此更进一步证明指数函数曲线型深松铲具有优良的减阻性能。对两种类型深松铲的耕层土壤扰动横剖面形貌进行了分析，结果显示，指数函数曲线型深松铲耕作后的土壤直缝较窄，土壤隆起的程度较小，说明对表层土壤的扰动作用小，更有利于提高耕后土壤的蓄水保墒能力。对仿生深松铲柄和仿生深松铲刃的协同减阻性能进行了土槽耕作阻力试验研究，结果表明，在相同试验条件下，与传统平板型深松铲刃相比，仿生棱纹形深松铲刃可以有效减小深松铲的耕作阻力。三种类型的仿生深松铲刃中，1.5D型深松铲刃的减阻效果最佳。
利用离散单元法对指数函数曲线型深松铲和抛物线型深松铲的土壤耕作过程进行了数值模拟，结果显示，指数函数曲线型深松铲的应力场和速度场均明显小于抛物线型，这一模拟结果再一次证明了指数函数曲线型深松铲优异的减阻性能。
Using bionic principle to solve practical engineering problems has become a majoradvancement in the developments of science and technology. The researchs and applicationsof modern bionics have permeated almost all fields of industrial and agricultural production,including field of agricultural machinery. Heavy wear and large tillage resistance havebecome two main technical problems which have not been solved well in the field ofagricultural machinery, especially for subsoiler, a typical agricultural soil-working part thathas big working resistance, high energy consumption, spear badly wear and short life. In thisstudy, the structural optimal design of subsoiler was performed in order to reduce tillageresistance and increase wear-resistance of subsoiler spear based on structural bionics andfunctional bionics means.
Some shells of aquatic mollusks such as shells and clams show excellent wear-resistance performance although long-term abrasive wear by water sand in their livingenvironments. Pangolin, as a typical soil cave animal, its squama also has phenomenalcharacteristic withstanding repeated abrasive wear of soil and gravel during their activity andpredation process. The reason why these two organisms have such excellent wear-resistance,on the one hand they have wear-resistant material composition of tissues and organs, on theother hand may be microscopic or macroscopic geometrical structure on the surface of theorgans play a vital role in their performances. The abrasive wear form of subsoiler spear withsoil is extremely similar to wear-resistant organs of two organisms surface. In this study,Inspired by the relations between subsoiler and these two organisms, shell of chlamys farreriand squama of pangolin were established as the bionic prototype. After through the analysisof wear-resistant surfaces of these two objects, it was found that both shells and squama haveridge geometry structure with radial distribution. The outer surface ridge structure geometryinformation of these two research objects was extracted using Reverse Engineeringtechnology and then the outline coordinate points distributions of the cross-sectional of ridgestructure were obtained. According to the distribution of the coordinates, sine function curvewas selected to fit the coordinates and the fitting degree of approximation was evaluated thenthe fitting curve and fitting equation were obtained finally. The general form of fittingequation is: f (x)=asin(bx+c), the soil-engaging surface of subsoiler spear withwear-resistant bionic structure was designed. Based on the mathematical model, the functionof contour curve of ridge structure, which will be applied to the design of bionic structural surface of subsoiler spear, was final established as follows: f (x)=1.3sin(0.4x)based ontaking into account agronomic requirements of subsoiler spear in the practical workingprocess, meanwhile the manufacturing processes should be also considered. Finally, thebionic ridge stripe with the bottom width (D) of5mm and the high (H) of1.3mm wasdesigned. There are following three types distribution space of1D,1.5D and2D on thesurface of subsoiler spear and the length of the ridge stripe is equal with the width ofsubsoiler spear. Based on the above design scheme, two wear-resistant steel65Mn and T10were selected as the manufacture materials of bionic wear-resistant subsoiler spear samplesand the abrasive wear tests were carried out using bionic samples and general flat subsoilerspear samples in the abrasive wear testing machine, and then the mass wear losses were got.The analysis results of abrasive wear tests showed that the wear losses of all bionic ridgesamples are less than those of general flat samples under the same test conditions, and thereduction range is7.1%-44%which indicate the bionic ridge geometrical structure canimprove the wear-resistance of subsoiler spear obviously. The wear loss of the samples isincreased with the sliding velocity which demonstrate that the sliding velocity can influenceon the wear characteristics of samples significantly. The contrastive analysis results of wearloss for the same material samples showed that the wear losses of samples with distributionspace of1.5D are less than those of samples with distribution space of1D and2D, itdemonstrate that the distribution space of bionic ridge structure has significant impact on thewear-resistance of subsoiler spear and it is most conductive to improve the wear-resistanceof subsoiler spear when distribution distance is1.5D. The wear loss comparative analysisresults for the same type of samples which manufactured by different materials showed thatthe wear losses of T10samples are less than those of65Mn, it can be concluded that thewear-resistance of T10is higher than that of65Mn.This may provide theoretical basis forselection of manufacturing materials of subsoiler spear in the future.
Utilizing bionics to reduce tillage resistance of subsoiler is another problem need solvedin this study.
Some organs of natural creatures have excellent special features after millions of yearsof evolution, Such as a typical soil cave animal mus musculus which claw toes haveextremely high-efficiency soil digging functions. This may provide bionic reference foranti-drag structural design of subsoiler.
In this study, the claw toe of mus musculus which has highly efficient digging functionwas took as bionic biological prototype, soil-cutting edge curve form of bionic subsoilershaft was designed in order to reduce the tillage resistance of subsoiler. The study found thattillage resistance of subsoiler mainly come from cutting soil action of soil-cutting edge ofshaft in the hard soil, therefore, reducing soil-cutting resistance of soil-cutting edge of shaftcould decrease the tillage resistance of subsoiler significantly. The previous study found thatthe upper surface contour on the longitudinal section of claw toe of mus musculus hasexponential feature, the fitting curve function is as follows:Y=66.61e0.0117X+17.78e0.1835X. The fitting curve of claw toe contour of mus musculus was applied to the curve structuraldesign of soil-cutting edge on the subsoiler shaft and the bionic anti-drag subsoiler withexponential feature was manufactured. The tillage resistance contrast tests were conducted inthe indoor soil bin using bionic anti-drag subsoiler, L-type suboiler, tilt type subsoiler andparabolic type subsoiler, respectively. The results of comparative analysis of tillageresistances showed that both tillage depth and forward speed have significant influence onthe tillage resistance of subsoiler. The tillage resistances of bionic anti-drag subsoiler withexponential feature are less than those of other three types subsoilers under the same testconditions and the decreased range is7.9%-58.7%, which indicate that the bionic anti-dragsubsoiler has obvious reducing resistance effect. The contrast tests were carried out inoutdoor field using traditional arc-shape subsoiler and bionic anti-drag subsoiler, thecomparative results of tillage resistances showed that tillage resistances of bionic subsoiler isobvious less than those of traditional arc-shape subsoiler under the same test conditions andthe decreased range is8.5%-39.5%, which gave more evidence that bionic anti-dragsubsoiler has excellent anti-drag property.
The cross-section disturbance morphologies of topsoil were analyzed after tilling usingbionic subsoiler and traditional arc-shape subsoiler, the analysis results showed that thetillage layer morphology of bionic anti-drag subsoiler has characteristics of more narrowfurrow and less extent soil uplift which means that the bionic anti-drag subsoiler has slightdisturbance effect on the topsoil and it is more beneficial to soil water storage andpreservation ability after subsoiling. The synergistic anti-drag effect of bionic subsoiler shaftand bionic spear was analyzed by tillage resistance test in the indoor soil bin, the resultsshowed that the bionic subsoiler spears can reduce tillage resistance of subsoiler comparedwith traditional flat subsoiler spear under the same test conditions, the1.5D type subsoilerspear has excellent anti-drag effect among three types bionic subsoiler spears.
Numerical simulations of subsoiling process of the bionic anti-drag subsoiler andparabola type subsoiler was performed based on discrete element method (DEM), the resultsof simulations showed that both the stress field and velocity field of the bionic anti-dragsubsoiler are significant less than those of parabola type subsoiler and the simulation resultsproved again that bionic anti-drag subsoiler has excellent anti-drag property.
某些水生软体动物壳体，如贝壳、蛤蜊壳，在其生存环境中长期承受水砂石的磨料磨损，但却表现出了优良的耐磨性能。典型土壤洞穴动物穿山甲的体表鳞片在其活动与捕食过程中承受土壤及砂石的反复磨损，同样展现出非凡的耐磨性能。上述两种生物之所以具有如此优异的耐磨特性，一方面与耐磨组织器官的材料组成有关，而另一方面是器官表面微观或宏观的几何结构起到了不可忽视的作用。土壤对深松铲刃的磨料磨损形式与上述两种生物体表耐磨组织器官的磨损形式非常相近。受到这一启发，本研究将栉孔扇贝的壳体、穿山甲体表鳞片作为仿生原型，并将这种优良特性应用于深松铲刃的耐磨设计。研究发现，贝壳和穿山甲鳞片的外表面均有呈放射状分布的棱纹形几何结构。利用逆向工程技术对两种研究对象外表面的棱纹几何结构信息进行了提取，得到了棱纹结构横截面的轮廓坐标点分布。根据坐标点的分布形态，选用正弦函数曲线对坐标点进行了数学拟合，对拟合的近似程度进行了评估，得到了拟合曲线及方程。拟合方程的一般形式为： f (x)=asin(bx+c)，利用这一数学模型，对深松铲刃的触土表面进行耐磨结构仿生设计。根据深松铲刃在实际作业过程中的农艺要求，并充分考虑了加工工艺性等因素，最终确定铲刃表面的棱纹条横截面的轮廓线方程具体形式为： f (x)=1.3sin(0.4x)，棱纹条底宽D=5mm，高H=1.3mm。棱纹条在深松铲刃表面的分布间距分别为1D，1.5D和2D三种不同形式，其长度与铲刃的宽度相等。根据上述设计方案，选用65Mn和T10两种耐磨钢设计制备仿生耐磨深松铲刃试样，并在磨料磨损试验机上与同一材料的普通平板型深松铲刃试样进行土壤磨料磨损试验。对试验样件的磨损量分析结果表明，对于所有类型的试样，在相同试验条件下，仿生棱纹形样件的磨损量均明显小于普通平板型，减小幅度为7.1%-44%，说明仿生棱纹形几何结构可以显著提高深松铲刃的耐磨性能。而且随着相对滑动速度的升高，试验样件的磨损量随之增大，证明相对滑动速度对样件的磨损量影响显著。同种材料的仿生棱纹形深松铲刃的磨损量对比分析结果显示，分布间距为1.5D型的铲刃磨损量明显小于1D型和2D型，由此证明，棱纹结构的分布间距对铲刃的耐磨性具有显著影响，且1.5D型的棱纹分布间距最有利于提高深松铲的耐磨性。同种类型(棱纹分布间距或平板型)不同材料的试样在相同试验条件下的磨损量对比分析结果表明，T10钢样件的磨损量均小于65Mn的，说明T10钢的耐磨性明显高于65Mn。这可为以后深松铲刃耐磨性提高之加工制造材料的选择提供理论依据。
经过亿万年的进化，自然界中某些生物的身体器官具备了某种特殊功能。如典型土壤洞穴动物小家鼠，其爪趾即进化出了极其高效的土壤挖掘功能。这可以为深松铲的减阻结构设计提供仿生参考。
本研究以小家鼠具有高效挖掘功能的爪趾为仿生原型，以降低深松铲的耕作阻力为目标，对深松铲的铲柄破土刃口曲线形式进行结构仿生设计。研究发现，深松铲的耕作阻力主要来自于铲柄破土刃口对坚硬土层的犁切作用，因此，降低铲柄破土刃口的切土阻力将会使深松铲耕作阻力显著下降。研究发现，小家鼠爪趾的纵剖面上表面轮廓线具有指数特征，其方程的具体形式为：Y=66.61e0.0117X+17.78e0.1835X。将爪趾轮廓拟合曲线应用于深松铲铲柄的破土刃口曲线结构设计之中，设计制备了指数函数曲线型仿生减阻深松铲。在室内土槽实验室与L型、倾斜型、抛物线型三种类型的深松铲进行了耕作阻力对比试验。耕作阻力对比分析结果表明，耕深和前进速度对深松铲的耕作阻力具有显著影响。在相同试验条件下，指数函数曲线型深松铲的耕作阻力均小于其它三种类型，阻力降低幅度为7.9%-58.7%，说明指数函数曲线型深松铲具有明显的减阻效果。利用指数函数曲线型深松铲与普通圆弧型深松铲在田间进行了耕作阻力试验，结果表明，在相同试验条件下，指数函数曲线型深松铲的耕作阻力明显小于普通圆弧型深松铲，阻力降低幅度为8.5%-39.5%，由此更进一步证明指数函数曲线型深松铲具有优良的减阻性能。对两种类型深松铲的耕层土壤扰动横剖面形貌进行了分析，结果显示，指数函数曲线型深松铲耕作后的土壤直缝较窄，土壤隆起的程度较小，说明对表层土壤的扰动作用小，更有利于提高耕后土壤的蓄水保墒能力。对仿生深松铲柄和仿生深松铲刃的协同减阻性能进行了土槽耕作阻力试验研究，结果表明，在相同试验条件下，与传统平板型深松铲刃相比，仿生棱纹形深松铲刃可以有效减小深松铲的耕作阻力。三种类型的仿生深松铲刃中，1.5D型深松铲刃的减阻效果最佳。
利用离散单元法对指数函数曲线型深松铲和抛物线型深松铲的土壤耕作过程进行了数值模拟，结果显示，指数函数曲线型深松铲的应力场和速度场均明显小于抛物线型，这一模拟结果再一次证明了指数函数曲线型深松铲优异的减阻性能。
Using bionic principle to solve practical engineering problems has become a majoradvancement in the developments of science and technology. The researchs and applicationsof modern bionics have permeated almost all fields of industrial and agricultural production,including field of agricultural machinery. Heavy wear and large tillage resistance havebecome two main technical problems which have not been solved well in the field ofagricultural machinery, especially for subsoiler, a typical agricultural soil-working part thathas big working resistance, high energy consumption, spear badly wear and short life. In thisstudy, the structural optimal design of subsoiler was performed in order to reduce tillageresistance and increase wear-resistance of subsoiler spear based on structural bionics andfunctional bionics means.
Some shells of aquatic mollusks such as shells and clams show excellent wear-resistance performance although long-term abrasive wear by water sand in their livingenvironments. Pangolin, as a typical soil cave animal, its squama also has phenomenalcharacteristic withstanding repeated abrasive wear of soil and gravel during their activity andpredation process. The reason why these two organisms have such excellent wear-resistance,on the one hand they have wear-resistant material composition of tissues and organs, on theother hand may be microscopic or macroscopic geometrical structure on the surface of theorgans play a vital role in their performances. The abrasive wear form of subsoiler spear withsoil is extremely similar to wear-resistant organs of two organisms surface. In this study,Inspired by the relations between subsoiler and these two organisms, shell of chlamys farreriand squama of pangolin were established as the bionic prototype. After through the analysisof wear-resistant surfaces of these two objects, it was found that both shells and squama haveridge geometry structure with radial distribution. The outer surface ridge structure geometryinformation of these two research objects was extracted using Reverse Engineeringtechnology and then the outline coordinate points distributions of the cross-sectional of ridgestructure were obtained. According to the distribution of the coordinates, sine function curvewas selected to fit the coordinates and the fitting degree of approximation was evaluated thenthe fitting curve and fitting equation were obtained finally. The general form of fittingequation is: f (x)=asin(bx+c), the soil-engaging surface of subsoiler spear withwear-resistant bionic structure was designed. Based on the mathematical model, the functionof contour curve of ridge structure, which will be applied to the design of bionic structural surface of subsoiler spear, was final established as follows: f (x)=1.3sin(0.4x)based ontaking into account agronomic requirements of subsoiler spear in the practical workingprocess, meanwhile the manufacturing processes should be also considered. Finally, thebionic ridge stripe with the bottom width (D) of5mm and the high (H) of1.3mm wasdesigned. There are following three types distribution space of1D,1.5D and2D on thesurface of subsoiler spear and the length of the ridge stripe is equal with the width ofsubsoiler spear. Based on the above design scheme, two wear-resistant steel65Mn and T10were selected as the manufacture materials of bionic wear-resistant subsoiler spear samplesand the abrasive wear tests were carried out using bionic samples and general flat subsoilerspear samples in the abrasive wear testing machine, and then the mass wear losses were got.The analysis results of abrasive wear tests showed that the wear losses of all bionic ridgesamples are less than those of general flat samples under the same test conditions, and thereduction range is7.1%-44%which indicate the bionic ridge geometrical structure canimprove the wear-resistance of subsoiler spear obviously. The wear loss of the samples isincreased with the sliding velocity which demonstrate that the sliding velocity can influenceon the wear characteristics of samples significantly. The contrastive analysis results of wearloss for the same material samples showed that the wear losses of samples with distributionspace of1.5D are less than those of samples with distribution space of1D and2D, itdemonstrate that the distribution space of bionic ridge structure has significant impact on thewear-resistance of subsoiler spear and it is most conductive to improve the wear-resistanceof subsoiler spear when distribution distance is1.5D. The wear loss comparative analysisresults for the same type of samples which manufactured by different materials showed thatthe wear losses of T10samples are less than those of65Mn, it can be concluded that thewear-resistance of T10is higher than that of65Mn.This may provide theoretical basis forselection of manufacturing materials of subsoiler spear in the future.
Utilizing bionics to reduce tillage resistance of subsoiler is another problem need solvedin this study.
Some organs of natural creatures have excellent special features after millions of yearsof evolution, Such as a typical soil cave animal mus musculus which claw toes haveextremely high-efficiency soil digging functions. This may provide bionic reference foranti-drag structural design of subsoiler.
In this study, the claw toe of mus musculus which has highly efficient digging functionwas took as bionic biological prototype, soil-cutting edge curve form of bionic subsoilershaft was designed in order to reduce the tillage resistance of subsoiler. The study found thattillage resistance of subsoiler mainly come from cutting soil action of soil-cutting edge ofshaft in the hard soil, therefore, reducing soil-cutting resistance of soil-cutting edge of shaftcould decrease the tillage resistance of subsoiler significantly. The previous study found thatthe upper surface contour on the longitudinal section of claw toe of mus musculus hasexponential feature, the fitting curve function is as follows:Y=66.61e0.0117X+17.78e0.1835X. The fitting curve of claw toe contour of mus musculus was applied to the curve structuraldesign of soil-cutting edge on the subsoiler shaft and the bionic anti-drag subsoiler withexponential feature was manufactured. The tillage resistance contrast tests were conducted inthe indoor soil bin using bionic anti-drag subsoiler, L-type suboiler, tilt type subsoiler andparabolic type subsoiler, respectively. The results of comparative analysis of tillageresistances showed that both tillage depth and forward speed have significant influence onthe tillage resistance of subsoiler. The tillage resistances of bionic anti-drag subsoiler withexponential feature are less than those of other three types subsoilers under the same testconditions and the decreased range is7.9%-58.7%, which indicate that the bionic anti-dragsubsoiler has obvious reducing resistance effect. The contrast tests were carried out inoutdoor field using traditional arc-shape subsoiler and bionic anti-drag subsoiler, thecomparative results of tillage resistances showed that tillage resistances of bionic subsoiler isobvious less than those of traditional arc-shape subsoiler under the same test conditions andthe decreased range is8.5%-39.5%, which gave more evidence that bionic anti-dragsubsoiler has excellent anti-drag property.
The cross-section disturbance morphologies of topsoil were analyzed after tilling usingbionic subsoiler and traditional arc-shape subsoiler, the analysis results showed that thetillage layer morphology of bionic anti-drag subsoiler has characteristics of more narrowfurrow and less extent soil uplift which means that the bionic anti-drag subsoiler has slightdisturbance effect on the topsoil and it is more beneficial to soil water storage andpreservation ability after subsoiling. The synergistic anti-drag effect of bionic subsoiler shaftand bionic spear was analyzed by tillage resistance test in the indoor soil bin, the resultsshowed that the bionic subsoiler spears can reduce tillage resistance of subsoiler comparedwith traditional flat subsoiler spear under the same test conditions, the1.5D type subsoilerspear has excellent anti-drag effect among three types bionic subsoiler spears.
Numerical simulations of subsoiling process of the bionic anti-drag subsoiler andparabola type subsoiler was performed based on discrete element method (DEM), the resultsof simulations showed that both the stress field and velocity field of the bionic anti-dragsubsoiler are significant less than those of parabola type subsoiler and the simulation resultsproved again that bionic anti-drag subsoiler has excellent anti-drag property.
引文
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