我国中央政府农业投资分析
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摘要
本文主要采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法从以下几方面开展研究一：是归纳总结农业投资的相关概念、目标和原则；二娃分析我国农业投资的具体分类及特征，重点评述2002年至今管理方式和政策实施情况；三是美国、欧盟和日本政府农业投资总呈及结构、重点领域、管理制度，总结先进经验及做法；四是我国农业投资规模分析，重点包括中央农林水气基本建设投资规模情况、影响因素，并做相应评价，对当前中央政府农业投资现状进行评述，利用1998-2012年中央农林水气基本建设投资与第一产业GDP、农林渔总产值、农民人均纯收入、粮食产量关系的模型，测筧2020年中央农林水气基本建设投资水平，并利用分省历史数据，预测2020年中央及东中两地区农业基本建设投资水平；五是我国农业政府投资童点领域分析，包括重点领域评价、主要问题及优化方案等；六是回顾建国以来我国农业投资经历的不同阶段及特点，重点评述0前中央政府农业投资管理体制情况，并提出有针对性的措施和建议。
本研究认为，目前我国农业投资仍然存在投资严重不足、投资增长剧烈波动、投资结构不合理、投资效益不高等问题。建议下一步政府农业投资应从重耍性、紧迫性和效益因素的角度，选择农业基础设施建设、农业科研与农村教育、农业社会化服务体系建设、资源生态环境监测与保护农业G然灾害恢复重建和农业扶贫等重点领域《同时明确建立投资供给充裕、投资主体健全、投资决策科学、投资调控灵敏、投资监督有力的新型农业投资体制单位改革目标，明确投资主体分T：,改革农业投资融资方式，深化建设实施领域改革，改进和完善项0管理制度，完善农业投资宏观调控体系。
Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, because of the characteristics of weak industry,the external investment has important influence on its development, and especially the governmentinvestment plays a vital role. In recent years, the increasing investment in agriculture from Chinesegovernment has strongly supported the development of modern agriculture. However, some problemsexist in agriculture investment such as the lack of investment, unreasonable investment structure;defective management system, etc. are needed to be improved by integral analysis and research.
In this paper，qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods are combined to investigate thescale of investment, the structure of investment, the system of management, and some other aspectsbased on the literature review, data collection, and questionnaire. Then, some targeted policies aresuggested and put forward to the problems to optimize the utility of the government investment. Thus,the development of modern agriculture could be promoted. The main content and conclusions of thisresearch are as follow:
(1) A summary on the experience and practice of developed countries by analyzing the quantityand structure of investment, key areas, and the management system in agriculture of major developedcountries, the conclusion that a continuous increasing investment in agriculture in the process of andafter the agriculture modernization is found in the USA, EU, and Japan. Structurally, fixed assetsinvestment has a great proportion in agriculture investment; and the investment is concentrated in crossregional, public welfare, and the infrastructure field.
(2) An elaboration on the classification and characteristics of Chinese agricultural investment. Inrecent year, the central government continued to expand the scale of agricultural investment in China;however, its proportion in the expenditure in “Three Rural” is still small and has been decreased. Fromthe sight of optimizing the central government’s "Three Rural" expenditure structure, promotingagricultural development, and ecological security, the central government investment in agricultureshould be looked as the major growth part in the future.
(3) An analysis of the central government agricultural investment structure in china. At present, thecentral government investment in agriculture has the problems of numerous special investments,scattered and disordered investment, issues of overlapping. The boundary of agriculture need to befurther clarified; and the structure should be further optimized. Through the rational division ofgovernment and market, as well as the central and local governments, the investment in agriculture bycentral government should focus on the fields which are cross-regional, inter-basin, cross-industry,involving major layout, and structural balanced. We should also focus on innovation of agriculturalscience and technology, the construction of public service system, natural disaster relief, andenvironmental protection etc.
(4) A discussion on how to improve management system of central government’s agriculturalinvestment. After years of developing, management system of our agricultural investment have made significant progress. Companies and individual farmers took major place in investment, which speed upscientific process of government’s agricultural investment system. However, this decision-makingsystem needs further improvement; management responsibility should be clear; a rule that specifiesways of investment and management procedure is needed; Legal guarantee system and perfectperformance evaluate system need to be improved.
(5) Put forward the optimization of policy recommendations for agriculture investment by thecentral government of our country. In the next step, investment in agriculture by central governmentshould be continued to expand the scale on the basis of optimizing the structure, and centralizemanagement functions of agricultural investment by government and integration of the field ofinvestment, to accelerate the performance of project investment.
本研究认为，目前我国农业投资仍然存在投资严重不足、投资增长剧烈波动、投资结构不合理、投资效益不高等问题。建议下一步政府农业投资应从重耍性、紧迫性和效益因素的角度，选择农业基础设施建设、农业科研与农村教育、农业社会化服务体系建设、资源生态环境监测与保护农业G然灾害恢复重建和农业扶贫等重点领域《同时明确建立投资供给充裕、投资主体健全、投资决策科学、投资调控灵敏、投资监督有力的新型农业投资体制单位改革目标，明确投资主体分T：,改革农业投资融资方式，深化建设实施领域改革，改进和完善项0管理制度，完善农业投资宏观调控体系。
Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, because of the characteristics of weak industry,the external investment has important influence on its development, and especially the governmentinvestment plays a vital role. In recent years, the increasing investment in agriculture from Chinesegovernment has strongly supported the development of modern agriculture. However, some problemsexist in agriculture investment such as the lack of investment, unreasonable investment structure;defective management system, etc. are needed to be improved by integral analysis and research.
In this paper，qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods are combined to investigate thescale of investment, the structure of investment, the system of management, and some other aspectsbased on the literature review, data collection, and questionnaire. Then, some targeted policies aresuggested and put forward to the problems to optimize the utility of the government investment. Thus,the development of modern agriculture could be promoted. The main content and conclusions of thisresearch are as follow:
(1) A summary on the experience and practice of developed countries by analyzing the quantityand structure of investment, key areas, and the management system in agriculture of major developedcountries, the conclusion that a continuous increasing investment in agriculture in the process of andafter the agriculture modernization is found in the USA, EU, and Japan. Structurally, fixed assetsinvestment has a great proportion in agriculture investment; and the investment is concentrated in crossregional, public welfare, and the infrastructure field.
(2) An elaboration on the classification and characteristics of Chinese agricultural investment. Inrecent year, the central government continued to expand the scale of agricultural investment in China;however, its proportion in the expenditure in “Three Rural” is still small and has been decreased. Fromthe sight of optimizing the central government’s "Three Rural" expenditure structure, promotingagricultural development, and ecological security, the central government investment in agricultureshould be looked as the major growth part in the future.
(3) An analysis of the central government agricultural investment structure in china. At present, thecentral government investment in agriculture has the problems of numerous special investments,scattered and disordered investment, issues of overlapping. The boundary of agriculture need to befurther clarified; and the structure should be further optimized. Through the rational division ofgovernment and market, as well as the central and local governments, the investment in agriculture bycentral government should focus on the fields which are cross-regional, inter-basin, cross-industry,involving major layout, and structural balanced. We should also focus on innovation of agriculturalscience and technology, the construction of public service system, natural disaster relief, andenvironmental protection etc.
(4) A discussion on how to improve management system of central government’s agriculturalinvestment. After years of developing, management system of our agricultural investment have made significant progress. Companies and individual farmers took major place in investment, which speed upscientific process of government’s agricultural investment system. However, this decision-makingsystem needs further improvement; management responsibility should be clear; a rule that specifiesways of investment and management procedure is needed; Legal guarantee system and perfectperformance evaluate system need to be improved.
(5) Put forward the optimization of policy recommendations for agriculture investment by thecentral government of our country. In the next step, investment in agriculture by central governmentshould be continued to expand the scale on the basis of optimizing the structure, and centralizemanagement functions of agricultural investment by government and integration of the field ofinvestment, to accelerate the performance of project investment.
引文
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