抚顺西露天矿坑回填关键技术研究
摘要
废弃露天矿坑的治理一直是世界性的技术难题。抚顺西露天矿是一个具有百年开采历史、规模宏伟的深凹大型露天矿,计划于2017年闭坑,现已进入闭坑前期。抚顺西露天矿闭坑后留给城市和人民的将是一座容积为十几亿立方米、四面为陡峭高大边坡的废弃的大坑,必将引发一系列的环境地质问题,最为突出的就是边坡的滑坡灾害与周边地面的变形问题,灾害一旦发生,给抚顺市社会和人民造成的危害和损失将是无法估计和难以弥补的。为此,提出利用与之毗邻的抚顺东露天矿的剥离物回填西露天矿坑的技术方案,既可解决可能引发的环境地质灾害问题,又实现了矿坑回填造田,增大了土地使用面积,使抚顺市获得显著的社会、经济和生态效益。但是,采用何种技术方案回填深凹的抚顺西露天矿坑是一个创新性的技术难题,也是本论文研究的核心问题。本文综合应用现场调研、理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟等方法和手段,针对回填抚顺西露天矿的关键技术问题展开了深入研究。
根据抚顺西露天矿的地质条件、开采现状,提出四种可行的回填方案,通过经济技术比较,确定选取经济合理的“铁道—电铲”+“铁道—溜槽—前装机—汽车—推土机”联合回填方案。
以溜槽的实用性、安全性、环保性和经济性为设计原则,通过理论分析和试验研究,提出了溜槽开拓运输方案中溜槽数量、溜槽位置、溜槽倾角、断面几何形状和尺寸各参数确定方法。
针对溜槽运输过程容易产生飞石的安全问题,建立飞石的跃起模型,计算飞石的跳跃距离和高度,为防护墙的技术参数确定提供理论依据。
针对溜槽系统粉尘污染问题,提出在溜槽侧壁安装防护网的粉尘防治措施,运用数值模拟方法分析溜槽内粉尘运移扩散规律,据此确定了防护网技术参数；通过实验测试,分析溜槽系统粉尘的浓度分布规律,提出在溜槽出口安装湿式降尘系统的粉尘防治方案。
Treatment of abandoned open pit has been a technical problem in the world.Fushun west open pit is one who has a one hundred mining history, the scale of the magnificent deep concave large open pit mine, It programs to be closed in2017, has entered the closure period now. After Fushun west open pit closed, leaves that to the city and the people is a big hole that is digged out more than cubic meters, and surrounded by tall and steep slope, will trigger a series of environmental and geological problems, the most prominent is the landslide slope and surrounding ground deformation problem, once the disaster occurs, damage and loss cause to Fushun City community and the people will be unable to estimate and irreparable. Therefore, the technical scheme provided that use the spoil of the adjacent Fushun East open-pit to backfill West Open-pit, not only the environmental and geological disasters may lead to be solved, but also realize the mine backfilling reclamation, increase the using land area, made Fushun achieve significant social, economic and ecological benefits. However, the technique of backfilling the Fushun West open pit mine is a difficult technical problem of innovation, the core problem is also studied in this thesis. This comprehensive application of field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other means, some key technical problems of backfill Fushun West Open-pit Mine are studied.
According to the geological condition, the present situation and the original mode of transport and system arrangement of fushun west open pit, proposes four kinds of backfill is feasible.Through the technical and economic comparison,and select the reasonable economy "railway-excavator"+"railway-chute-front loader-car bulldozer"combined backfill scheme.
The practicality, safety, environmental protection and economy as the principle of designing chute, through theoretical analysis and experimental research, proposed that the determine method of the number of the chute, chute angle position, section shape and size parameters of chute development transportation plan。
Aiming at the safety problem of chute transportation process, establish slungshot leaping model, calculation the jumping distance and height of slungshot, provide theoretical basis for the determination of technical parameters of the walls.
Aiming at dust pollution of chute system,the dust prevention measures of arranging protective net on the chute side wall is proposed, using numerical simulation method to study the chute dust transport diffusion law, thus to determine the technical parameters of protective net; through the experimental test, concentration distribution rule of chute system dust, proposed that installate wet dust suppression system in the the chute outlet.
根据抚顺西露天矿的地质条件、开采现状,提出四种可行的回填方案,通过经济技术比较,确定选取经济合理的“铁道—电铲”+“铁道—溜槽—前装机—汽车—推土机”联合回填方案。
以溜槽的实用性、安全性、环保性和经济性为设计原则,通过理论分析和试验研究,提出了溜槽开拓运输方案中溜槽数量、溜槽位置、溜槽倾角、断面几何形状和尺寸各参数确定方法。
针对溜槽运输过程容易产生飞石的安全问题,建立飞石的跃起模型,计算飞石的跳跃距离和高度,为防护墙的技术参数确定提供理论依据。
针对溜槽系统粉尘污染问题,提出在溜槽侧壁安装防护网的粉尘防治措施,运用数值模拟方法分析溜槽内粉尘运移扩散规律,据此确定了防护网技术参数；通过实验测试,分析溜槽系统粉尘的浓度分布规律,提出在溜槽出口安装湿式降尘系统的粉尘防治方案。
Treatment of abandoned open pit has been a technical problem in the world.Fushun west open pit is one who has a one hundred mining history, the scale of the magnificent deep concave large open pit mine, It programs to be closed in2017, has entered the closure period now. After Fushun west open pit closed, leaves that to the city and the people is a big hole that is digged out more than cubic meters, and surrounded by tall and steep slope, will trigger a series of environmental and geological problems, the most prominent is the landslide slope and surrounding ground deformation problem, once the disaster occurs, damage and loss cause to Fushun City community and the people will be unable to estimate and irreparable. Therefore, the technical scheme provided that use the spoil of the adjacent Fushun East open-pit to backfill West Open-pit, not only the environmental and geological disasters may lead to be solved, but also realize the mine backfilling reclamation, increase the using land area, made Fushun achieve significant social, economic and ecological benefits. However, the technique of backfilling the Fushun West open pit mine is a difficult technical problem of innovation, the core problem is also studied in this thesis. This comprehensive application of field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other means, some key technical problems of backfill Fushun West Open-pit Mine are studied.
According to the geological condition, the present situation and the original mode of transport and system arrangement of fushun west open pit, proposes four kinds of backfill is feasible.Through the technical and economic comparison,and select the reasonable economy "railway-excavator"+"railway-chute-front loader-car bulldozer"combined backfill scheme.
The practicality, safety, environmental protection and economy as the principle of designing chute, through theoretical analysis and experimental research, proposed that the determine method of the number of the chute, chute angle position, section shape and size parameters of chute development transportation plan。
Aiming at the safety problem of chute transportation process, establish slungshot leaping model, calculation the jumping distance and height of slungshot, provide theoretical basis for the determination of technical parameters of the walls.
Aiming at dust pollution of chute system,the dust prevention measures of arranging protective net on the chute side wall is proposed, using numerical simulation method to study the chute dust transport diffusion law, thus to determine the technical parameters of protective net; through the experimental test, concentration distribution rule of chute system dust, proposed that installate wet dust suppression system in the the chute outlet.
引文
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