高速铁路隧道列车火灾烟气蔓延规律及控制特性研究
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摘要
摘要：随着社会经济的发展和科技的进步,高速铁路建造技术逐渐进入实用阶段。高速铁路旅客列车防火安全是亟需解决的问题,特别是列车运行于沿线隧道时的防火安全更是有待深入研究的热点问题。针对高速铁路隧道列车火灾发展规律、烟气蔓延特性及控制策略研究不足的现状,综合运用理论分析、数值模拟及模型试验的方法,研究高速铁路隧道列车火灾时车厢内、隧道内及救援站内烟气蔓延规律及控制特性,完成的研究工作以及获得的主要成果如下：
(1)分析了车厢内部火灾时高温作用下车窗破裂机理、临界条件及判据,并对车窗破裂进行了数值模拟研究,获得了车窗破裂的数量与破裂时间及其对车厢内温度场分布的影响。
(2)将燕尾突变理论引入高速铁路旅客列车车厢内火灾轰燃现象的分析研究中,建立了列车车厢燕尾突变预测模型,计算分析了轰燃发生的临界条件。
(3)建立了1：9的缩尺寸高速铁路隧道试验模型及1：16的缩尺寸特长铁路隧道救援站试验模型,分别系统研究了高速铁路隧道火灾烟气蔓延及控制的关键技术参数、救援站分散防烟模式防排烟机理与烟气控制技术。
(4)通过模型试验得到的隧道拱顶最高温度试验数据对H.Kurioka隧道拱顶最高温度理论预测模型进行了坡度修正,获得了隧道拱顶最高温度理论预测模型的坡度修正公式。
(5)对不同坡度隧道火灾下的临界通风风速进行了模型试验研究,通过试验数据对临界通风风速理论预测模型进行了坡度修正,得出能适合不同坡度情况的临界通风风速理论预测模型。
(6)通过铁路隧道救援站缩尺寸防排烟模型试验研究,获得了分散防烟模式下救援站抑制火灾烟气从事故隧道蔓延进入横通道的临界风速范围设计参数,以及事故隧道纵向排烟风速限制值设计参数,为救援站分散防烟模式下防排烟系统设计提供科学依据。
通过对高速铁路旅客列车火灾在车厢内、隧道内及救援站内的发展蔓延及控制进行研究,获得了火灾烟气蔓延规律及防火、防排烟系统关键设计参数,有望为列车、隧道及救援站的防火防灾系统设计提供参考。
Abstract:With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, high-speed railway construction technology has gradually been practised. The issues of fireproof safety of the passenger train on the high-speed railway still need to be solved, especially the hot issues of fireproof safety of train operation in tunnels are to be deeply studied. According to the insufficient research status of high-speed railway tunnel fire development laws, smoke spread characteristics and control strategies, the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and model test was comprehensively employed; the study of high-speed railway tunnel train fire smoke spread regularities and control characteristics inside the train compartment, tunnel and rescue station were conducted; the main research work and results obtained are as following:
(1) Based on the analysis of window rupture mechanism, the critical conditions and criteria under high temperature in train compartment fire, the train window rupture was numerically simulated, the number of window broken and rupture time and the effect of window rupture to temperature distribution in train compartment were obtained.
(2) The swallowtail catastrophe theory was introduced into the analysis of flashover phenomenon in high-speed railway train compartment fire, and a swallowtail catastrophe prediction model was established, then the critical conditions of flashover were analyzed.
(3) The1:9scale inch high-speed railway tunnel test model and1:16shrinkage size test model of extra long railway tunnel rescue station were established based on the Froude similarity theory. The key technical parameters of high speed railway tunnel fire smoke spread and control characteristics; the smoke control mechanism and technology under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations were respectively investigated systematically.
(4) Theory of maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel proposed by H.Kuriok was corrected with slope based on the test data of maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel obtained through the model test, the slope modified formula to predict the maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel was obtained.
(5) The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fire with different slope was studied by model test, the critical ventilation velocity prediction model was modified with slope based on the experimental data, the modified prediction model of critical ventilation velocity theory could be suitable for different slope conditions.
(6) Based on scale inch model test study of the railway tunnel rescue station fire, the range of critical wind speed to prevent smoke spread into the cross-passage from the accident tunnel under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations, as well as the limit value of longitudinal smoke exhaust velocity in accident tunnel, which could provide a scientific basis for the design of smoke control system under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations.
Through the research of spread and control of high-speed railway passenger train fire smoke in the compartment, the tunnel and rescue station, the smoke movement law and the key design parameters of the smoke control system and fire prevention were obtained which is expected to provide a reference for the fire prevention system design of train, tunnel and rescue station.
(1)分析了车厢内部火灾时高温作用下车窗破裂机理、临界条件及判据,并对车窗破裂进行了数值模拟研究,获得了车窗破裂的数量与破裂时间及其对车厢内温度场分布的影响。
(2)将燕尾突变理论引入高速铁路旅客列车车厢内火灾轰燃现象的分析研究中,建立了列车车厢燕尾突变预测模型,计算分析了轰燃发生的临界条件。
(3)建立了1：9的缩尺寸高速铁路隧道试验模型及1：16的缩尺寸特长铁路隧道救援站试验模型,分别系统研究了高速铁路隧道火灾烟气蔓延及控制的关键技术参数、救援站分散防烟模式防排烟机理与烟气控制技术。
(4)通过模型试验得到的隧道拱顶最高温度试验数据对H.Kurioka隧道拱顶最高温度理论预测模型进行了坡度修正,获得了隧道拱顶最高温度理论预测模型的坡度修正公式。
(5)对不同坡度隧道火灾下的临界通风风速进行了模型试验研究,通过试验数据对临界通风风速理论预测模型进行了坡度修正,得出能适合不同坡度情况的临界通风风速理论预测模型。
(6)通过铁路隧道救援站缩尺寸防排烟模型试验研究,获得了分散防烟模式下救援站抑制火灾烟气从事故隧道蔓延进入横通道的临界风速范围设计参数,以及事故隧道纵向排烟风速限制值设计参数,为救援站分散防烟模式下防排烟系统设计提供科学依据。
通过对高速铁路旅客列车火灾在车厢内、隧道内及救援站内的发展蔓延及控制进行研究,获得了火灾烟气蔓延规律及防火、防排烟系统关键设计参数,有望为列车、隧道及救援站的防火防灾系统设计提供参考。
Abstract:With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, high-speed railway construction technology has gradually been practised. The issues of fireproof safety of the passenger train on the high-speed railway still need to be solved, especially the hot issues of fireproof safety of train operation in tunnels are to be deeply studied. According to the insufficient research status of high-speed railway tunnel fire development laws, smoke spread characteristics and control strategies, the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and model test was comprehensively employed; the study of high-speed railway tunnel train fire smoke spread regularities and control characteristics inside the train compartment, tunnel and rescue station were conducted; the main research work and results obtained are as following:
(1) Based on the analysis of window rupture mechanism, the critical conditions and criteria under high temperature in train compartment fire, the train window rupture was numerically simulated, the number of window broken and rupture time and the effect of window rupture to temperature distribution in train compartment were obtained.
(2) The swallowtail catastrophe theory was introduced into the analysis of flashover phenomenon in high-speed railway train compartment fire, and a swallowtail catastrophe prediction model was established, then the critical conditions of flashover were analyzed.
(3) The1:9scale inch high-speed railway tunnel test model and1:16shrinkage size test model of extra long railway tunnel rescue station were established based on the Froude similarity theory. The key technical parameters of high speed railway tunnel fire smoke spread and control characteristics; the smoke control mechanism and technology under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations were respectively investigated systematically.
(4) Theory of maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel proposed by H.Kuriok was corrected with slope based on the test data of maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel obtained through the model test, the slope modified formula to predict the maximum gas temperature beneath ceiling of tunnel was obtained.
(5) The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fire with different slope was studied by model test, the critical ventilation velocity prediction model was modified with slope based on the experimental data, the modified prediction model of critical ventilation velocity theory could be suitable for different slope conditions.
(6) Based on scale inch model test study of the railway tunnel rescue station fire, the range of critical wind speed to prevent smoke spread into the cross-passage from the accident tunnel under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations, as well as the limit value of longitudinal smoke exhaust velocity in accident tunnel, which could provide a scientific basis for the design of smoke control system under dispersion smoke control mode in rescue stations.
Through the research of spread and control of high-speed railway passenger train fire smoke in the compartment, the tunnel and rescue station, the smoke movement law and the key design parameters of the smoke control system and fire prevention were obtained which is expected to provide a reference for the fire prevention system design of train, tunnel and rescue station.
引文
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