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骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解的影响
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摘要
骨灵膏是由骨碎补、威灵仙、当归、川芎、巴戟天、熟地黄、枸杞等多味中药配伍组方的复方制剂,是在遵循传统医学治疗痹症即现代医学称为骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的补肝肾、强筋骨、活血化瘀、祛风除湿等多项治法治则的基础上进行理论总结的制剂,提出了以“温阳益气、滋阴补血”治疗法则通过补益肝肾恢复颓废失用的筋骨功能、调补脾脏恢复筋骨气血生化之源、调理心肺使经络气机舒畅的方法恢复失衡五脏功能的“脏病”与“活血通络”治疗经络气血有形淤滞为病机即“络病”的联合理论,同时通过对其按照“脏病”和“络病”理论进行拆分组方配伍组成的骨膏与灵膏制剂对OA作用的对比研究,对治疗OA的理论进行整合,以期为临床治疗OA疾病建立统一治疗思维。
     OA是一种以关节软骨退行性变和继发性骨质增生为特征的慢性关节疾病。大量研究表明该病与机体受到自然环境变化如寒冷及水湿刺激、整个骨关节系统负重及及局部生物力改变、免疫功能失衡、肥胖及内分泌代谢紊乱、药物及食物失宜等诸多因素相关,其病变部位以负重较大的膝关节、髋关节、脊柱及远侧指间关节等部位,该病亦称骨关节病、退行性关节炎、增生性关节炎等。OA最早、最主要的病理变化从关节软骨开始,逐渐影响整个关节结构,包括软骨下骨、滑膜、肌腱韧带、关节囊及周围肌肉组织,最终因关节软骨全部脱失而导致关节畸形和功能丧失。由上可知OA病理变化是一个渐进性、缓慢发展的过程,因此实验动物模型的制作必须遵循这个病理变化特点,现今制作OA动物模型的人工诱发方式如局部关节腔内注射药物与植入异物、关节局部损伤性Hulth手术法和通过自然选择、基因突变等遗传育种获得自发性OA动物模型均不能很好体现这一过程,而采用关节寒冷刺激结合局部关节石膏固定制动的方法能很好体现及还原这一病理过程,为OA的实验研究提供更接近人类临床病史的动物模型,因此本实验采用“寒冷刺激联合关节固定-冷固法”制作实验动物模型。
     当今研究表明OA主要病变特征为关节软骨进行性退变,而软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解为软骨退变的主要分子生物学基础和主要诱因,其中氧化损伤、炎症损伤、免疫功能失衡贯穿于该病的始终,扮演着重要角色,目前对于该病的治疗临床往往局限于单纯的抗炎,或者抗氧化,或者增强机体免疫功能,或者改善循环等某一个或几个方面的协同治疗,未将整体治疗上升到理论的高度。因此,本课题旨在通过中药组方制剂骨灵膏及其拆方制剂骨膏、灵膏与西药塞来昔布对冷固法制作的OA动物模型的氧化损伤、炎症损伤、免疫功能改变等引起的软骨细胞凋亡及胞外基质降解相关路径的分子生物学基础研究,运用现代分子生物学技术,探索骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对OA动物模型的软骨退行性变的分子机制,并通过拆方制剂与西药的对比研究探讨中药制剂对OA动物模型关节损伤的保护作用及机制,由此为骨灵膏治疗OA提供理论和实验依据,为OA整体治疗和整体调节上升到“脏病和络病”联合治疗思想奠定理论基础。
     实验一骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对骨关节炎动物模型的作用研究
     目的:建立与人类OA疾病临床病因病程一致的实验动物模型。
     方法:实验大鼠分为模型组和正常对照组,模型组大鼠每天给予(6±0.5)℃左右冷水刺激联合关节石膏固定各4h,共6周;正常对照组大鼠给予相应空间变化,持续时间相同,不行上述造模操作。6周后测量大鼠体重和关节直径,取大鼠血清、膝关节软骨组织及滑膜,镜下观察关节软骨病理变化,X片检测关节影像学改变,ELISA检测血清TNF-a、IL-1β、HA、IgM含量,TUNEL法检测关节软骨及滑膜细胞凋亡情况。
     结果:冷固法制作OA模型X影像学、关节肿胀情况、软骨组织病理损伤及细胞凋亡和生化代谢改变均符合OA的特征,表明造模成功。
     结论:应用冷刺激联合关节固定方法6周能很好的制作OA实验动物模型,模型动物体征及各项实验室检测指标均与人类OA临床诊断一致。
     实验二骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对骨关节炎氧化损伤的作用
     目的:观察骨灵膏、骨膏、灵膏及塞来昔布对抗OA氧化损伤作用差异,探讨不同组方配伍制剂对OA的作用机制。
     方法:将造模后的SD大鼠随机分为骨灵膏组(Gu Ling Gao group,GLG)、骨膏组(Gu Gao group,GUG)、灵膏组(Ling Gao group,LG)、塞来昔布组(celecoxib group,CLXB)、模型组(model group,M)及另设正常对照组(normal group,NG)共6组,GLG、GUG及LG组分别给予相应制剂并且按照10.41ml·kg-1·d-1(相当于生药量33.31g·kg-1)灌胃给药,CLXB组给予CLXB以20.83mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,M和NG组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,每天灌胃1次,共8周。取大鼠血清、膝关节软骨组织,采用ELISA检测血清SOD、MDA、LPO的含量,免疫荧光法检测HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGF的阳性表达,FQ-RT-PCR检测HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGFmRNA的表达。
     结果:M组与NG组及GLG组比较能显著增加血清MDA、LPO的含量(p<0.01),增加SOD的含量(p<0.01);GLG与GUG及LG比较能增加SOD的含量(p<0.01),降低MDA、LPO的含量(p<0.01);M组与NG组比较能显著增加软骨HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGF的阳性率(p<0.01),GLG与M、GUG、LG、CLXB组比较能降低HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGF的阳性率(p<0.01);M组与NG组比较能显著增加软骨HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGFmRNA的表达(p<0.01),GLG与M、GUG、LG、CLXB组比较能降低HIF-1a、HIF-2a、VEGFmRNA的表达(p<0.01)。
     结论:GLG可能通过增加血清SOD含量,降低LPO、MDA的含量,纠正OA氧代谢失衡对软骨组织的氧化损伤,抑制组织HIF-1a、HIF-2amRNA的表达,从而抑制异常低氧环境HIF-1a向HIF-2a的转化,降低其下游靶基因VEGFmRNA在软骨组织的表达,减轻了关节骨贅的形成,对抗OA软骨损伤,其作用明显优于GUG、LG、CLXB。
     实验三骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对骨关节炎炎症损伤的作用
     目的:研究骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对OA相关炎性细胞因子的作用,探讨其对OA炎症损伤的保护作用。
     方法:冷固法造模及给药后,取大鼠血清、膝关节滑膜及软骨组织,采用Western blot法检测ADAMTS-4、5的表达,ELISA检测滑膜和血清IL-1β、IFN-γ、TNF-a、PGE2、COX-2及血清IL-17、IL-18的含量,免疫荧光法检测软骨IL-17、IL-18的阳性表达。
     结果:
     (1)M组与NG组及GLG组比较能显著增加血清与滑膜的IL-1β、TNF-a、PGE2、COX-2、IFN-γ的含量(p<0.01);GLG与GUG比较能降低血清IL-1β、TNF-a、COX-2、IFN-γ的含量(p<0.01)及滑膜IL-1β、COX-2、PGE2的含量(p<0.01);GLG与LG比较能降低血清及滑膜TNF-a、PGE2、COX-2、IFN-γ的含量(p<0.01);GLG与CLXB比较能降低血清IL-1β、TNF-a、PGE2、IFN-γ的含量(p<0.01)及滑膜IL-1β、PGE2的含量(p<0.01)。WB结果显示各组ADAMTs-4、5均有表达,其中模型组表达最显著;骨灵膏组ADAMTs-4、5蛋白表达最低。
     (2)M组与NG组比较能显著增加软骨细胞IL-17、IL-18的阳性表达及血清IL-17、IL-18的含量(P<0.01),GLG与M、GUG、LG及CLXB组比较能明显降低软骨细胞及血清IL-17、IL-18的阳性表达及含量(P<0.01)。
     结论:
     (1)GLG可能通过调节机体全身免疫炎性细胞因子IFN-γ而降低OA血清及滑膜IL-1β、TNF-a相关炎性细胞因子的含量,进而阻止炎性介质PGE2、COX-2对局部关节软骨ADAMTs-4、5蛋白合成代谢的影响,减轻了OA软骨损伤,其作用明显优于其拆方制剂及塞来昔布。
     (2)GLG可能通过降低OA模型大鼠血清IL-17、IL-18的含量及软骨细胞IL-17、IL-18的阳性表达,对抗OA的炎症损伤,其作用明显优于其拆方制剂GUG、LG及CLXB。
     实验四骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对骨关节炎免疫功能的作用
     目的:探讨骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对冷固法诱导OA免疫功能作用机制。
     方法:冷固法造模及给药后,取大鼠血浆、膝关节滑膜及软骨组织,采用免疫荧光检测血浆及滑膜CD3+、CD4+、CD8+的阳性细胞率;采用流式细胞术检测软骨CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD80、CD86、Col-Ⅱ百分率。
     结果:M组与正常组比较能降低血浆CD3+、CD4+及软骨CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞百分率(P<0.01),增高滑膜CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞百分率和软骨CD80、CD86、COL-Ⅱ阳性百分率(P<0.01);GLG与M组比较能升高OA大鼠血浆及软骨CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率,增加CD4+/CD8+比值(P<0.01),降低软骨CD80、CD86、COL-Ⅱ阳性百分率(P<0.01),降低滑膜CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值(P<0.01);GLG与GUG、LG、CLXB组比较能升高血浆及软骨CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率,增加CD4+/CD8+比值(P<0.01)。
     结论:GLG可能通过提高OA模型大鼠整体和局部关节免疫功能,抑制软骨细胞的APC功能的激活和抗自身抗原的免疫反应,降低关节滑膜免疫炎症反应,保护OA软骨和滑膜,作用明显优于其拆方制剂及塞来昔布。
     实验五骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对OA软骨细胞活力的影响
     目的:探讨骨灵膏、骨膏、灵膏及塞来昔布对OA软骨细胞增殖活力的作用机制。
     方法:冷固法造模及给药后,用各组大鼠含药血清对体外传代培养的OA大鼠软骨细胞进行处理;镜下方格法计数细胞密度,免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原的表达鉴定软骨细胞,CCK8检测软骨细胞光吸收值,收集各组大鼠脾脏和胸腺计算其指数。
     结果:GLG等含药血清处理的软骨细胞密度明显高于M组(P<0.01);M组与NG组比较能显著降低体外培养软骨细胞的光吸收值(P<0.01),细胞增殖活力也明显降低;GLG与M、GUG、LG及CLXB组比较能增加软骨细胞的OD(P<0.01),同时增强细胞的增殖活力;M组与NG组比较能显著降低实验动物的SI、TI(P<0.01);GLG与M、GUG、LG及CLXB组比较能增加实验动物的SI、TI(P<0.01)。
     结论:GLG可能通过增强OA模型大鼠机体脾脏和胸腺功能而促进细胞分化潜能,提升局部软骨细胞增殖活力,促进关节损伤后软骨组织细胞的再生功能,阻止OA关节软骨退行性变,保护了关节软骨,其作用明显优于其拆方制剂GUG、LG及CLXB。
     实验六骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对OA软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解的影响
     目的:探讨骨灵膏及其拆方制剂对OA软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解的作用机制。
     方法:冷固法造模及给药后,(1)取大鼠膝关节软骨组织,分别以苏木精-伊红(HE)、番红-固绿(SA/FG)、番红-阿尔辛蓝(SA/AB)进行组织病理观察,根据改良的Mankin关节软骨病理评分标准进行分级评分,采用Western blot法检测CHOP/GADD153蛋白的表达,通过荧光定量PCR检测软骨细胞Bcl-2,Bax,MMP-3,TIMP-1mRNA表达。(2)取大鼠膝关节软骨组织,采用免疫组化检测软骨组织Wnt-2、β-catenin的含量,采用Western blot法检测LRP-5的表达,通过RT-PCR检测软骨细胞BMP-2、MMP-13、Caspase-9、Caspase-3mRNA表达。(3)取大鼠血清及膝关节软骨组织,分别以免疫荧光和ELISA法检测软骨Ⅱ型胶原的阳性表达和血清NO、IL-10的含量。
     结果:
     (1)与正常组比较模型组能显著减低Bcl-2,TIMP-1mRNA表达(P<0.01)及增加Bax,MMP-3mRNA表达(P<0.01)。与模型组相比骨灵膏能明显下调ERS相关CHOP/GADD153蛋白的生成(P<0.01)、促进抑凋亡基因Bcl-2mRNA表达及降低促凋亡基因BaxmRNA表达(P<0.01),进而上调Bcl-2/bax,抑制软骨细胞的异常凋亡;同时,骨灵膏较模型组能显著降低MMP-3mRNA的表达(P<0.01)、升高TIMP-1mRNA的表达(P<0.01),降低MMP-3mRNA/TIMP-1mRNA。
     (2)GLG可以减轻OA软骨组织浅表至钙化层各层的病理损伤;GLG及其拆方制剂可以明显下调Wnt2、β-catenin的阳性表达,其中GLG与GUG、LG比较β-catenin阳性率明显下降(P<0.01)。Western Blotting结果显示骨灵膏组LRP-5蛋白表达较其他组显著降低;FQ-RT-PCR实验结果表明在骨灵膏组BMP-2mRNA的表达较骨膏组明显增加(p<0.01),而与灵膏比较明显降低(p<0.01),与正常组比较无差异(p□0.05);骨灵膏及其拆方制剂组BMP-2、MMP-13、Caspase-3、Caspase-9mRNA的表达较模型组显著降低(p<0.01),骨灵膏较骨膏、灵膏及塞来昔布比较MMP-13、Caspase-3、Caspase-9mRNA的表达明显降低(p<0.01)。
     (3)M组与NG组比较能显著降低血清IL-10的含量和软骨Ⅱ型胶原的阳性率(P<0.01);GLG与M、GUG、LG及CLXB组比较能明显增加血清IL-10的含量和软骨Ⅱ型胶原的阳性率(P<0.01);M组与NG组比较能显著增加血清NO的含量(P<0.01);GLG与M、GUG、LG及CLXB组比较能明显降低血清NO的含量(P<0.01)。
     结论:
     (1)GLG对抗OA软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解的作用机制:
     ①GLG通过降低ERS途径相关蛋白GADD153的异常生成,促进抑凋亡基因Bcl-2mRNA表达及降低促凋亡基因BaxmRNA表达,上调Bcl-2/bax比值而抑制软骨细胞的异常凋亡;同时,骨灵膏通过降低MMP-3mRNA的表达、升高TIMP-1mRNA的表达,降低MMP-3mRNA/TIMP-1mRNA的比值而阻止细胞外基质异常降解。
     ②GLG可能通过平衡调节OA中BMP-2mRNA的表达,下调Wnt/β-catenin信号通路依赖的LRP-5跨膜蛋白的含量,阻止Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的过度抑制和异常激活,进而下调MMP-13、Caspase-9、Caspase-3mRNA的表达起到减轻其对软骨ECM的降解及软骨细胞的异常凋亡作用。
     ③GLG可能通过降低OA大鼠血清NO的氧化损伤和增强IL-10的抗炎作用,通过抗炎、抗氧化途径抑制OA受损软骨细胞外基质Ⅱ胶原降解。
     (2)GLG与其拆方制剂及CLXB对OA软骨损伤保护作用的比较:
     GLG通过降低OA软骨细胞凋亡和胞外基质降解途径阻止了关节软骨退行性变,在保护关节软骨方面作用明显优于其拆方制剂及塞来昔布。
Gu Ling Gao(GLG) is compound preparation composed of RhizomaDrynariae,Radix Clematidis,Angelica,Chuanxiong Rhizome,MorindaRoot,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Chinese Wolfberry etc.and multiflavor Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription compatibility,Is following the traditional medical treatment of arthralgiasyndrome that modern medicine called osteoarthritis (OA) ofreinforcing the liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,expellingwind and removing dampness and many other rule on the basis oftheoretical preparation,Put forward a“Warming Yang and Invigora-ting Qi,nourishing yin and enrich the blood”rule of treatmentby nourishing liver and kidney function recovery of decadentapraxia bones,tonifying spleen recovered bones and the source ofQi and blood biochemistry,restore imbalances viscera function“visceral disease”through conditioning heart lung make main andcollateral channels gas comfortable machine and treatment of“collateral disease”that pathogenesis is main and collateralchannels and Qi and blood tangible stasis by“promoting bloodcirculation to remove meridian obstruction”united Theory,At the same time,comparative study of the role on OA according to Ling Gaoand Gu Gao preparation In accordance with the theory of“collateraldisease”and“visceral disease”proceed separation of prescriptioncompatibility, integration of the theory treatment of OA, in orderto establish a unified treatment of thinking for clinical treatmentof OA disease.
     OA is a kind of articular cartilage degeneration and secondarybone hyperplasia is characteristic of chronic joint disease.Manystudies show that the disease and the body by the naturalenvironment changes such as cold and wet stimulation,The bone andjoint system load and local biological change, the imbalance ofimmune function,obesity and endocrine metabolic disorders, relatedto drug and food improper factors,The lesions in the weight-bearinglarger knee, hip, spine and distal interphalangeal joints, thedisease also known as bone and joint disease, degenerativearthritis,hypertrophic arthritis etc.The earliest and mostPathological changes of OA beginning of the articular cartilage,gradually affecting the entire joint structure,including thesubchondral bone,synovial tendon,ligament,joint capsule andsurroundingmuscle tissue, eventually cause joint deformity andloss of function for all loss of articular cartilage.From the resultof OA pathological change is a slow development and gradual process,therefore making the experimental animal model must followthispathological changes, now making animal model of OA inducedmethods such as local intra-articular injection of drugs andimplanted foreign bodies, local joint damage of Hulth operationmethod and by natural selection, mutationgenetic breeding ofspontaneous OA animal model can not well reflect this process, and the use of joint cold stimulation method combined with thelocaljoint plaster immobilization can very good expression andreduction of the pathological process, provide the animal model iscloser to human clinical history for the experimental research ofOA, therefore this experiment adopts"the cold stimulation combinedwith joint fixed-cold consolidation" making experimental animalmodel.The studies showed that OA lesions characterized by articularcartilage degeneration, and the apoptosis of chondrocyte andextracellular matrix-degradation is main based and cause onmolecular biology of cartilage degeneration, oxidative injury,inflammation, immune dysfunction inthis disease always, plays animportant role, at present for the treatment of the disease,clinical is often limited to simple anti-inflammatory,orantioxidant, or enhance immune function, or improve the cycle ofone or several aspects collaborative treatment, not the wholetreatment up to the level of theory.Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy is to study on the molecular basis of the chondrocyteapoptosis and cell extracellular matrix degradation path onprescription preparation bone plaster and its disassembledprescriptions preparation bone paste, plaster and Western medicinecelecoxib to OA animal model induced for cold consolidation ofoxidative damage,inflammation, immune function changes of, use ofmodern molecular biology technique, to explore the boneplaster andits demolition preparations for the OA animal model of articularcartilage degeneration mechanism, and to explore the protectiveeffect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on jointdamage in animal models of OA through comparative study onpreparation of TCM and Western medicine, which provides theoretical and experimental basis for Gu Ling Gao treatment of OA, To lay thetheoretical foundation about thought of Combined treatment of OArise Overall treatment and overall adjustment to“collateral andvisceral disease”.
     Experiment One Rat osteoarthritis animal model preparationby cold consolidation method
     Objective: to establish an experimental animal model isconsistent with the clinical etiology of human osteoarthritisdisease.Methods: experimental rats were divided into model groupand normal control group, model group rats were given daily (6±0.5)℃cold water stimulationcombined with joint plasterfixation in each4h,a total of6weeks; control grouprats were giventhe same spatial variation, duration,no the molding operation.Bodyweight and joint diameter measurement in rat after6weeks, therat serum,knee joint cartilage and synovium, articular cartilagepathological changes were observed under the microscope, X todetect changes of joint imaging,ELISA detection of serum TNF-a,IL-1β, HA, IgM content, detection of articular cartilage andsynovial cell apoptosis by TUNEL.Results: the cold and solid modelsof OA were made in X imaging, joint swelling, pathological injuryand apoptosis of cartilage and biochemical changes are in line withthe characteristics of OA, indicating that the model building wassuccessful.Conclusion:the application of cold stimulationcombined with joint fixation for6weeks can make bone arthritisexperimental animal model well, detection index and signs of modelanimal and the laboratory line with human osteoarthritisclinicaldiagnosis.
     Experiment Two Effect of Gu Ling Gao and Remove the PartyPreparations on osteoarthritis oxidation damage
     Objective:To observe the effect of Gu Ling Gao(GLG),GuGao(GUG),Ling Gao(LG)、celecoxib(CLXB) against OA oxidative damagedifferences, to explore the mechanisms of different compatibilityagent on OA.Methods: after the model of SD rats were randomlydivided into GLG group, GUG group, LG group, CLXB group, M groupand NG group were divided into6groups, GLG, GUG and LG groups weregiven corresponding preparations and in accordance with the10.41ml·kg-1·D-1(equivalent to the dosage of33.31g·kg-1)byintragastric administration, CLXB group was given CLXB20.83mg·kg-1·D-1Ig, M and NG were given normal saline, daily by gavage1times, a total of8weeks. Take serum,articular cartilage tissueof rat, testing the content of SOD, MDA, LPO in serum by ELISA,testing the positive expression of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF withimmunofluorescence method, to detect the expression of HIF-1a,HIF-2a, VEGFmRNA with FQ-RT-PCR.Results:M group compared with NGgroup and GLG group could significantly increase the content ofserum MDA, LPO (p<0.01),increased the content of SOD(p<0.01); GLGcompared with GUG and LG can increase the contents of SOD(p<0.01),decrease the content of MDA,LPO(p<0.01);M group comparedwith NG group can increased the positive rate of HIF-2a,VEGF,HIF-1a(p<0.01)significantly in Cartilage,GLG compared with M,GUG,CLXB,LG group can low positive rate of HIF-1a,HIF-2a,VEGF(p<0.01);M group compared with NG group could significantly increase theexpression of HIF-1a,HIF-2a,VEGFmRNA on cartilage(p<0.01),GLGcompared with M,GUG,CLXB,LG reduced expression of HIF-1a,HIF-2a,VEGFmRNA(p<0.01).Conclusion:GLG can through increase the contentof serum SOD, reduce the content of LPO, MDA, to correct OA oxygen metabolism imbalance cause oxidative damage to the cartilage tissue,inhibit expression of HIF-1a,HIF-2amRNA,to inhibit abnormalhypoxia environment HIF-1a to HIF-2a conversion, decreased theexpression of downstream target gene VEGFmRNA in cartilage tissue,reduce the formation of joint osteophytes, against of cartilageinjury on OA, and the effect was better than that of CLXB, LG,GUG.
     Experiment Three Effect of Gu Ling Gao and Remove the PartyPreparations on osteoarthritis inflammation injury
     Objective:To study the GLG and Remove the PartyPreparations(RPP)on effect of related inflammatory cytokines onOA,to explore its protective effect of inflammatory injury onOA.Methods:cold consolidation molding and after administration,take rats serum, synovial and cartilage tissue, ADAMTS-4,5expression was detected by Western blot,the content of IL-1β,IFN-γ,TNF-a,PGE2,COX-2on synovial membrane and serum with IL-18,IL-17on serum was tested by ELISA,positive expression of IL-18,IL-17on cartilage was tested by immunofluorescenc.Result:(1)Mgroup compared with NG group and GLG group could increase contentof IL-1β,TNF-a,PGE2, COX-2,IFN-γ(p<0.01)on serum and synovialsignificantly;GLG compared with GUG could decrease the content ofIL-1β,TNF-a,COX-2,IFN-γ(p<0.01)on serum and IL-1β,COX-2,PGE2(p<0.01)on synovial;GLG compared with LG can reduce thecontent of TNF-a,PGE2,COX-2,IFN-γ(p<0.01)on serum and synovial;GLG compared with CLXB could decrease the content of IL-1β, TNF-a,PGE2,IFN-γ(p<0.01)on serum and IL-1β,PGE2on synovial(p<0.01).WB results showed that the ADAMTs-4,5had expression in each group,among which the M group was most significant;GLG group;ADAMTs-45protein minimum expression.(2)M group compared with NG group could increase positive expression of IL-17,IL-18in cartilagecells and content of IL-17,IL-18in serum significantly(P<0.01),GLG compared with M,GUG,LG and CLXB group can significantly reducethe positive expression and content of IL-17,IL-18(P<0.01) oncartilage cells and serum.Conclusion:(1) GLG may regulate bodyimmunity inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ While reduced relatedinflamma-tion cytokines content of IL-1β,TNF-a in serum andsynovial on OA.Then stop the inflammatory mediators PGE2,COX-2influence on ADAMTs-4,5protein anabolism in local articularcartilage,reduce OA cartilage injury,its effect is better thanthe disassembled prescription preparation andcelecoxib.(2)GLG maythrough reduce content of IL-17,IL-18in serum and positiveexpression on cartilage cells,combat Inflammatory damage in OA,its effect is better than the disassembled prescription preparationGUG,LG and CLXB.
     Experiment Four Effect of Gu Ling Gao and Remove the PartyPreparations on immune function of osteoarthritis
     Objective:To investigate GLG and RPP on the mechanism of immunefunction on OA by cold consolidation induced.Methods:cold solidmodeling and administration, take rat plasma, knee joint synoviumand cartilage tissue, test positive cells rate of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+of plasma and synovial by immunofluorescence;test percent rate ofCD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD80,CD86,Col-Ⅱ on cartilage by flowcytometry.Results:M compared with NG group decreased percentageof CD3+,CD4+in plasma and CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T lymphocyte oncartilage(P<0.01),Increased percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte in synovium and positive percentage of CD80,CD86,COL-II in cartilage(P<0.01);GLG compared with M group can rise percentage of CD3+,CD4+T lymphocyte in plasma and cartilagein rats OA, increased the ratio of CD4+/CD8+(P<0.01),decreasedpositive percentage of CD80,CD86,COL-Ⅱ in cartilage(P<0.01),decreased ratio of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+in synovial membrane(P<0.01);GLG compared with GUG, LG, CLXB group can increasepercentage of CD3+,CD4+T lymphocyte in plasma and cartilage,increased the ratio of CD4+/CD8+(P<0.01).Conclusion: GLG maythrough improve the overall and local joint immune function in arat model of OA,inhibition the activation of chondrocytes APCfunction and immune responses against self antigens,reducinginflammatory immune response in synovial, protection of OAcartilage and synovial membrane,the effect is better than thedisassembled prescription preparation and celecoxib.
     Experiment Five Effect of Gu Ling Gao and Remove the PartyPreparations on cartilage cell viability of OA
     Objective: To investigate the mechanism of GLG and RPP with CLXBon OA cartilage cell proliferation activity of OA.Methods: coldsolid modeling and administration,treated cartilage cells from OArats were cultured in vitro with each rats serum;mirror box countingcell density,identification of cartilage cells by immunofluoresc-ence detection the expression of type II collagen,light absorptionvalue of cartilage cells were detected with CCK8method,collectspleen and thymus of rats in each group to calculate theindex.Results:the density of chondrocyte was handled throughmedicated serum of GLG etc was higher than that in M group (P<0.01);Mcompared with NG group can reduce the light absorption value ofchondrocytes was cultured in vitro significantly(P<0.01),cellproliferation activity was decreased; GLG compared with M,GUG, LG,CLXB group can increase the OD of cartilage cells(P<0.01),andenhanced cell proliferation;M compared with NG group can reducethe SI, TI of experimental animal significantly(P<0.01);GLGcompared with M,GUG,LG and CLXB group can increase the SI,TI ofexperimental animal(P<0.01).Conclusion:GLG promote cell different-iation may by enhanced spleen and thymus functions on OA model ratsbody,promote local cartilage cells proliferation activity,topromote the regeneration of cartilage tissue after joint injury,block articular cartilage degeneration of OA, protect articularcartilage,its effect is better than the disassembled prescription-preparation GUG,LG and CLXB.
     Experiment Six The influence of GLG and RPP on extracellularmatrix degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis on OA
     Objective:To investigate the mechanism of extracellular matrixdegradation and Chondrocyte apoptosis on OA through GLG andRPP.Methods: After cold solid modeling and administration,(1) Takethe cartilage tissue of rat knee joints,by hematoxylin and eosin(HE),safranin fast green(SA/FG),safranin alcian blue (SA/AB) forhistopathological observation respectively,Proceed grading systemto articular cartilage pathology according to the improved Mankinscore,the expression of CHOP/GADD153protein was detected byWestern blot method,detecting the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,MMP-3,TIMP-1mRNA on cartilage cells by fluorescence quantitative PCR.(2)Take cartilage tissue of knee joint in rats,the content of Wnt-2,β-catenin in cartilage tissue was using immunohistochemicaldetection,the expression of LRP-5using Western blot methoddetection,the expression of Caspase-3,BMP-2,MMP-13,Caspase-9mRNAon cartilage cells was detected by RT-PCR.(3)Take knee cartilage tissue and serum of rat,The positive expression of type II collagenand contect of NO,IL-10in serum was detected by immunofluorescenceand ELISA respectively method.Result:(1)compared with the NG group,M group could reduce the expression of TIMP-1,Bcl-2mRNA(P<0.01)and increase the expression of Bax, MMP-3mRNA(P<0.01)significantly.Compared with the M group,GLG can downregulate theERS associated CHOP/GADD153protein generation(P<0.01),promotethe anti-apoptosis suppressing gene expression of Bcl-2mRNA anddecreasing the expression of apoptosis gene BaxmRNA (P<0.01),andthe up regulation of Bcl-2/bax,inhibition abnormal apoptosis ofcartilage cells;at the same time,GLG can decreased expression ofMMP-3mRNA than M significantly,increased expression of TIMP-1mRNA(P<0.01), reduced MMP-3mRNA/TIMP-1mRNA.(2) GLG can reduce OAcartilage tissue superficial to calcified each layers ofpathological injury; GLG and RPP can down-regulation the positiveexpression of Wnt2,β-catenin significantly,GLG compared withGUG,LG positive rate of β-catenin were decreased significantly(P<0.01).Western Blotting showed that the expression of LRP-5protein was decreased in GLG group than other groups significantly;FQ-RT-PCR showed that the expression of BMP-2mRNA in GLG group wasincreased than GUG group significantly(p<0.01),and compared withLG was decreased significantly(p<0.01), had no significantdifferences compared with NG group(P>0.05);GLG and RPP comparedwith M group the expression of BMP-2, MMP-13, Caspase-3,Caspase-9mRNA were decreased(p<0.01),GLG compared with LG,GUG,CLXB the expression of MMP-13,Caspase-3,Caspase-9mRNA wasdecreased significantly(p<0.01).(3)M compared with NG group couldsignificantly reduce the positive rate of type II collagen and the content of IL-10in serum (P<0.01);GLG compared with M, GUG,LG and CLXB group could increase the positive rate of type IIcollagen and the content of IL-10in serum (P<0.01) Signific-antly;M compared with NG group can increase the content of serumNO (P<0.01)significantly;GLG compared with M,GUG,LG and CLXB groupcould decrease the content of NO in serum significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion:(1)The mechanism of GLG against Chondrocyte apoptosisand Extracellular matrix degradation on OA:①GLG through reducingabnormal generation of ERS pathway related protein GADD153, promotethe expression of antiapoptosis gene Bcl-2mRNA and reduceexpression of apoptosis gene BaxmRNA,raise the ratio of Bcl-2/baxand inhibit abnormal apoptosis of cartilage cells;then GLG byreduce expression of MMP-3mRNA, increase expression ofTIMP-1mRNA,decrease ratio of MMP-3mRNA/TIMP-1mRNA then prevent theabnormal degradation of extracellular matrix.②GLG may be throughbalance adjustment the expression of BMP-2mRNA on OA,downregulation the content of LRP-5transmembrane protein was dependenton Wnt/β-catenin Signal pathway,Stop Wnt/β-catenin signalingpathway excessive suppression and abnormal activation,then reduceexpression of MMP-13,Caspase-9,Caspase-3mRNA to lessen thecartilage degradation of ECM and abnormal apoptosis of thecartilage cell.③GLG may be reduce Oxidative damage of serum NO andenhanced the effect of anti-inflammatory with IL-10on the modelrats,Through anti-inflammatory,antioxidant pathway Inhibitiondegradation of collagen of OA damaged cartilage extracellularmatrix.(2)The Comparison about protective effect of GLG and RPPwith CLXB to cartilage injury on OA:GLG through reducing theapoptosis of OA chondrocytes and extracellular matrix degradation way to prevent the degeneration of articular cartilage,the effectprotect articular cartilage was superior to GUG,LG and CLXB.
引文
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