消能减震结构理论分析与试验验证及工程应用
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摘要
本文对装有阻尼器的耗能结构的力学分析、工程设计进行了较为系统的讨论，提出了基于性能／需求的分析方法及准则。为了直观了解消能技术减震的有效性，还对装有阻尼器的模型结构进行了模拟地震作用的振动台试验。最后结合一个实际的纲结构工程，就消能减震结构基于性能的抗震设计分析过程进行了详细介绍。
第二章就消能减震结构性能参数“层间阻尼力大小与耗能支撑刚度”的合理设置进行了理论分析，提出了该性能参数的合理取值范围。
消能减震结构性能的预估计与性能参数优化设置是该类结构抗震性能合理、优效的关键。第三章基于简单的层串模型概念，给出了该类结构性能参数快速估计及性能优化设计思想和分析过程。
为了深入了解消能减震结构抗震性能的特点，第四章设计了两个4层单跨单开间钢筋混凝土模型框架，其中一个增设了阻尼器(简称有控结构)，同时置于振动台上进行模拟地震作用试验。试验结果表明：预估的附加阻尼比与实测的阻尼比基本一致，约为22～25％。有控结构与无控结构相比，各层加速度平均减小了30％～40％，各层地震峰值位移平均减小了57％～80％，各层层间剪力减少了8％～61％。在破坏阶段层间位移相近情况下，有控结构承受的台面激励峰值加速度约为无控结构的3倍。有控结构的动力形态呈现出高阻尼特性，微幅振动下高阶振型不易被激发。
第五章对一个多层钢结构办公楼采用粘滞阻尼器消能支撑的抗震分析作了详细讨论，就本文提出的基于性能／需求的消能减震结构设计思想进行了可能性试设计实践，整个的分析过程对该类工程的设计具有实用参考价值。
The analysis and design for energy dissipation structures has been discussed in detail in this dissertation. The method based on performance and demands has been put forward. Shaking table test had been taken for the RC model structures of seismic retrofit with supplemental viscous damper in order to verify the effectiveness of the energy dissipation technology. In the last an analysis procedure, which is based on seismic performance level, for the seismic capacity of a steel frame has been presented.
In the second chapter the magnitude of damping force and the stiffness of damper bracing, which are the earthquake resistance capacity parameters of energy dissipation structure, have been discussed.
The parameters estimation and best selection of the energy dissipation structures are very important to controlling the performance under earthquake. In the third chapter a fast method to obtain the parameters and result of energy dissipation is presented, which is based on story model.
In order to get better understanding of the earthquake resistant capacity of energy dissipation structures a shaking table test had been taken. The test models consisted of two 4-story RC model, one of them was retrofitted with supplemental dampers (D-Model for with dampers, WD-Model for without dampers). They were on the shaking table in row and were subjected to earthquake simulated motion simultaneously. The results showed that the test damping ratio was about 0.22～0.25 and nearly the same as estimated damping ratio. The D-Model had a lower peak acceleration 30～40%, lower peak displacement 57～80% and lower peak shear 8～61% than WD-Model. When two models appeared same story displacements the D-Model could undertake three times PGA earthquake simulated motion as WD-Model's. D-Model appeared high damping ratio characteristic and high vibration mode could not be easily evoked.
In the fifth chapter seismic analysis of a steel frame structure with supplemental viscous dampers has been presented in detail. This is a practical work based on seismic performance levels and earthquake demands idea. The whole process can be used as reference for the other energy dissipation structures design.
第二章就消能减震结构性能参数“层间阻尼力大小与耗能支撑刚度”的合理设置进行了理论分析，提出了该性能参数的合理取值范围。
消能减震结构性能的预估计与性能参数优化设置是该类结构抗震性能合理、优效的关键。第三章基于简单的层串模型概念，给出了该类结构性能参数快速估计及性能优化设计思想和分析过程。
为了深入了解消能减震结构抗震性能的特点，第四章设计了两个4层单跨单开间钢筋混凝土模型框架，其中一个增设了阻尼器(简称有控结构)，同时置于振动台上进行模拟地震作用试验。试验结果表明：预估的附加阻尼比与实测的阻尼比基本一致，约为22～25％。有控结构与无控结构相比，各层加速度平均减小了30％～40％，各层地震峰值位移平均减小了57％～80％，各层层间剪力减少了8％～61％。在破坏阶段层间位移相近情况下，有控结构承受的台面激励峰值加速度约为无控结构的3倍。有控结构的动力形态呈现出高阻尼特性，微幅振动下高阶振型不易被激发。
第五章对一个多层钢结构办公楼采用粘滞阻尼器消能支撑的抗震分析作了详细讨论，就本文提出的基于性能／需求的消能减震结构设计思想进行了可能性试设计实践，整个的分析过程对该类工程的设计具有实用参考价值。
The analysis and design for energy dissipation structures has been discussed in detail in this dissertation. The method based on performance and demands has been put forward. Shaking table test had been taken for the RC model structures of seismic retrofit with supplemental viscous damper in order to verify the effectiveness of the energy dissipation technology. In the last an analysis procedure, which is based on seismic performance level, for the seismic capacity of a steel frame has been presented.
In the second chapter the magnitude of damping force and the stiffness of damper bracing, which are the earthquake resistance capacity parameters of energy dissipation structure, have been discussed.
The parameters estimation and best selection of the energy dissipation structures are very important to controlling the performance under earthquake. In the third chapter a fast method to obtain the parameters and result of energy dissipation is presented, which is based on story model.
In order to get better understanding of the earthquake resistant capacity of energy dissipation structures a shaking table test had been taken. The test models consisted of two 4-story RC model, one of them was retrofitted with supplemental dampers (D-Model for with dampers, WD-Model for without dampers). They were on the shaking table in row and were subjected to earthquake simulated motion simultaneously. The results showed that the test damping ratio was about 0.22～0.25 and nearly the same as estimated damping ratio. The D-Model had a lower peak acceleration 30～40%, lower peak displacement 57～80% and lower peak shear 8～61% than WD-Model. When two models appeared same story displacements the D-Model could undertake three times PGA earthquake simulated motion as WD-Model's. D-Model appeared high damping ratio characteristic and high vibration mode could not be easily evoked.
In the fifth chapter seismic analysis of a steel frame structure with supplemental viscous dampers has been presented in detail. This is a practical work based on seismic performance levels and earthquake demands idea. The whole process can be used as reference for the other energy dissipation structures design.
引文
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