渗氮类金刚石膜应用于齿科纯钛的实验研究
|
摘要
纯钛作为理想的义齿支架材料已经广泛应用于口腔修复领域。但铸造后表面易产生气孔,耐磨性差,易被氟化物腐蚀并析出离子,这些缺点需要通过表面改性来解决。类金刚石膜(DLC)作为新兴工业材料已得到广泛应用。但在口腔修复中应用较少,原因是韧性不足,颜色单一,与金属基底结合力差。本课题拟通过研制纳米渗氮类金刚石复合膜以及寻找最佳镀膜工艺参数来改善义齿钛支架的性能,使其达到口腔修复临床应用的要求。实验方法是:1.采用脉冲真空多弧等离子体镀膜技术制备渗氮含氢非晶碳膜,在N2气氛中预处理纯钛表面形成TiN梯度膜,再采用甲烷与氮气混合沉积类金刚石薄膜;2.对比已有的纯钛表面修饰方法(TiN、阳极氧化)采用磨耗试验机测试DLC薄膜的摩擦性;用能谱分析和扫描电镜观察DLC薄膜的表面成分与形态;润湿角测量仪检测薄膜的润湿性;细菌黏附试验对比DLC薄膜黏附白色念珠菌的数量;改变沉积时间观察DLC薄膜表面颜色变化;细胞毒性实验测试DLC薄膜的生物安全性。3.临床观察渗氮类金刚石薄膜应用效果。主要实验结果如下:
1类金刚石薄膜工艺参数的确定
⑴①脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性随主回路电压减小而变好。主回路电压越小,膜厚分布的均匀性越好,根据误差需要选择200V。
②脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性基本不随工作频率的变化而变化,根据误差选择3Hz。
③脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性随阴极表面和基片的距离增大而变好,阴极表面和基片的距离越远,膜厚分布的均匀性越好,根据误差选择270mm
⑵通过对脉冲真空电弧离子源不同入射角对薄膜性能的影响的研究,得到如下结论:从薄膜性能角度分析,脉冲真空电弧离子源入射角在45°以内,沉积获得的薄膜具有最佳的硬度,但从薄膜均匀性角度来看,当入射角超过30°,沉积薄膜均匀性变化较大。综合以上分析,权衡利弊,脉冲真空电弧离子源入射角应限制在30°以内。
⑶综合测定氮气/甲烷变化结果,可以得出下列结论:
①随工艺中氮气/甲烷比值的增大,薄膜中氮含量随之增大。
②氮掺入DLC薄膜后,改变了薄膜的微观结构,产生几十纳米量级的颗粒。
③SEM、XPS分析表明纳米级颗粒是富含氮元素的非晶氮化碳CNx结构。
④DLC/CNx致密的纳米复合结构,减小了薄膜的内应力。
2渗氮类金刚石薄膜性能检测
⑴就薄膜耐磨性和膜基结合力而言,渗氮类金刚石薄膜最好,TiN薄膜次之,阳极氧化薄膜和空白组最差。耐磨且与基底结合良好的DLC薄膜不仅可以提高纯钛义齿支架的使用寿命也可以提高支架的使用质量。
⑵渗氮类金刚石薄膜耐腐蚀性优于TiN薄膜、阳极氧化薄膜和空白组未镀膜组,体现为无明显的破解电位和较低的自腐蚀电位。
⑶纯钛镀制渗氮类金刚石薄膜的表面具有良好的润湿性增加了纯钛修复体戴用的舒适性,患者感到与黏膜更加贴合。并且不会影响对树脂的结合强度,有望应用于口腔修复临床。
⑷纯钛表面镀制渗氮类金刚石薄膜后在口腔实际应用过程中可以明显降低白色念珠菌的黏附量,从而降低罹患义齿性口炎的风险。
⑸渗氮类金刚石薄膜在沉积时间改变时会出现不同的外观颜色,当沉积时间在30min时可以出现较量的金黄色,比纯钛的本色更美观。
⑹细胞毒性实验结果表明,本课题所测试的渗氮类金刚石薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞无毒性,不干扰生物细胞的功能可认为无毒,符合生物相容性要求。
3渗氮类金刚石薄膜的临床应用效果观察
纯钛义齿支架镀制渗氮类类金刚石薄膜后应用于临床,患者的主观满意度较好。对比未镀膜的纯钛义齿,镀膜组在改善色素沉着,口感等方面明显具有优势,这为镀膜改性技术在今后的实际应用提供了依据。
根据上述的实验结果,可以得出以下结论:
渗氮类金刚石薄膜经过改变传统工业镀膜参数,可以镀制在复杂外形的齿科修复体表面;应用于纯钛义齿支架后,提高了纯钛的耐磨性,耐腐蚀性,保持了良好的润湿性从而增加了戴用舒适度,同时对支架与热凝树脂的结合力没有影响;当改变沉积时间时还可以获得金黄色的外观,增进了纯钛义齿的美感,细菌黏附试验证明渗氮类金刚石薄膜具有抵抗白色念珠菌黏附的能力;细胞毒性检测渗氮类金刚石薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞无毒性,不干扰生物细胞的功能。经临床试用得到了患者的肯定,改善了义齿常出现的色素沉着,颜色变暗问题,口感更加舒适,从而为类金刚石镀膜改性技术在口腔修复领域应用进行了有益的实践。
Pure titanium was wildy used in prosthdontics as perfect dental materials. However, some defects such as pore by casting, weak attrition resistance and corrosion by fluoride need to be solved by surface modification. Diamond like carbon(DLC) coating was widly used in industry as rising material, contrary, it seldom used in prosthdontics because of weak tenacity, single color and poor adhesion to pure titanium. This study aimed at developing Nitrogen-doped DLC coating to improve capability of pure titanium bracket; satisfacting clinical need. Method: 1. applying multi impulse arc plasma plating machine to produce TiN coatings on pure titanium in nitrogen atmosphere, then filming with DLC on TiN in methane; 2. using tooth brushing machine to test the friction of DLC (compared with TiN, Anodizing); SEM to analyse the surface morphology and content in DLC film; wetting detective apparatus to measure wettibility; comparing adhering of candida albicans on DLC and evaluating cytotoxicity of DLC; 3.observing the effect of clinical use. Result:
1.Affirming technical parameter of filming DLC
⑴①Influence of voltage on the DLC uniformity: When the voltage was 300V、200V and 100V,the relative error of uniformity was 36.23%、35.48% and 34.67%. 200V should be the best choice.
②When the frequency was 1Hz、3Hz and 5Hz,the relative error of uniformity was 39.76%、39.39% and 42.94%.3Hz should be the best choice.
③When the distance between cathode and samples was 240mm、270mm and 300mm,the relative error of uniformity was 23.53%、11.63% and 11.76%.270mm should be the best choice.
⑵Influence of angle of incidence on the DLC uniformity and hardness: When the angle of incidence was within 45°, the hardness was higher than other angles. However, the uniformity changed obviously if the angle was beyond 30°Within 30°should be the best choice.
⑶①Surface morphology of 4 samples with different content nitrogen (SEM). From A to D showed that dense of crystals formed in DLC films become more compact which improve that Nitrogen can induce the crystal growing up under special pressure and temperature.
②Transect of 4 samples with different content nitrogen (SEM) . From A to D showed that the thickness of DLC films become more thicker which improve that Nitrogen can induce titanium element from transition layer (TiN) diffused into DLC films
③SEM and XPS show CNx bond appearing in DLC film
④DLC/CNx decrease the stress in DLC , enhance the binding strength between pure titanium and DLC.
2.Testing the capability of DLC film
⑴The change of roughness, reflectivity and color difference in DLC was the lowest compared with Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated. The color difference in DLC was the lowest either. DLC coating may improve quality of titanium denture.
⑵Corrosion test manifest DLC have the best corrosion resistance than Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated pure titanium.
⑶The resin bonding strength and surface energy of DLC group was lower than Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated pure titanium The wettability and resin bonding strength have been increased after coating with H-DLC which can used in denture repair.
⑷Comparing adhering of candida albicans on four kinds of surface (DLC, TiN, Anodizing, Uncoated pure titanium)after used in clinical patients, DLC show the best ability of anti- candida albicans.
⑸When changing the time of deposition , DLC surface show different color. Golden yellow was present when time of deposition was 30min.
⑹The results of cell toxicity tests reveal no cytotoxicity finding with DLC,it was safe to L-929 cell.It can be conclude that DLC was safe to use in human body.
3.Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket applying in human in vivo
Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket was received by patients after applying in vivo; comparing with uncoated titanium brackets, titanium brackets filming with DLC decreased the aggradient of color, improved feeling of chewing.
On the base of the above results of this study, it can be concluded that:
Nitrogen-doped DLC can filming on denture repair with complex shape after ameliorate working conditions; improving the wear ability of titanium denture repair; enhancing corrosion resistence of titanium denture repair; keeping favourable wettibility and comfort for patient use with no influence on binding strength between resin and bracket; When changing the time of deposition , DLC surface show the color of golden yellow which promote aesthetic feeling; after used in clinical patients, DLC show the best ability of anti-candida albicans. The results of cell toxicity tests reveal no cytotoxicity finding with DLC, it was safe to L-929 cell.It can be conclude that DLC was safe to use in human body; Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket was received by patients after applying in vivo; Comparing with uncoated titanium brackets, titanium brackets filming with DLC decreased the aggradient of color, improved feeling of chewing.
1类金刚石薄膜工艺参数的确定
⑴①脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性随主回路电压减小而变好。主回路电压越小,膜厚分布的均匀性越好,根据误差需要选择200V。
②脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性基本不随工作频率的变化而变化,根据误差选择3Hz。
③脉冲真空电弧离子源的镀膜均匀性随阴极表面和基片的距离增大而变好,阴极表面和基片的距离越远,膜厚分布的均匀性越好,根据误差选择270mm
⑵通过对脉冲真空电弧离子源不同入射角对薄膜性能的影响的研究,得到如下结论:从薄膜性能角度分析,脉冲真空电弧离子源入射角在45°以内,沉积获得的薄膜具有最佳的硬度,但从薄膜均匀性角度来看,当入射角超过30°,沉积薄膜均匀性变化较大。综合以上分析,权衡利弊,脉冲真空电弧离子源入射角应限制在30°以内。
⑶综合测定氮气/甲烷变化结果,可以得出下列结论:
①随工艺中氮气/甲烷比值的增大,薄膜中氮含量随之增大。
②氮掺入DLC薄膜后,改变了薄膜的微观结构,产生几十纳米量级的颗粒。
③SEM、XPS分析表明纳米级颗粒是富含氮元素的非晶氮化碳CNx结构。
④DLC/CNx致密的纳米复合结构,减小了薄膜的内应力。
2渗氮类金刚石薄膜性能检测
⑴就薄膜耐磨性和膜基结合力而言,渗氮类金刚石薄膜最好,TiN薄膜次之,阳极氧化薄膜和空白组最差。耐磨且与基底结合良好的DLC薄膜不仅可以提高纯钛义齿支架的使用寿命也可以提高支架的使用质量。
⑵渗氮类金刚石薄膜耐腐蚀性优于TiN薄膜、阳极氧化薄膜和空白组未镀膜组,体现为无明显的破解电位和较低的自腐蚀电位。
⑶纯钛镀制渗氮类金刚石薄膜的表面具有良好的润湿性增加了纯钛修复体戴用的舒适性,患者感到与黏膜更加贴合。并且不会影响对树脂的结合强度,有望应用于口腔修复临床。
⑷纯钛表面镀制渗氮类金刚石薄膜后在口腔实际应用过程中可以明显降低白色念珠菌的黏附量,从而降低罹患义齿性口炎的风险。
⑸渗氮类金刚石薄膜在沉积时间改变时会出现不同的外观颜色,当沉积时间在30min时可以出现较量的金黄色,比纯钛的本色更美观。
⑹细胞毒性实验结果表明,本课题所测试的渗氮类金刚石薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞无毒性,不干扰生物细胞的功能可认为无毒,符合生物相容性要求。
3渗氮类金刚石薄膜的临床应用效果观察
纯钛义齿支架镀制渗氮类类金刚石薄膜后应用于临床,患者的主观满意度较好。对比未镀膜的纯钛义齿,镀膜组在改善色素沉着,口感等方面明显具有优势,这为镀膜改性技术在今后的实际应用提供了依据。
根据上述的实验结果,可以得出以下结论:
渗氮类金刚石薄膜经过改变传统工业镀膜参数,可以镀制在复杂外形的齿科修复体表面;应用于纯钛义齿支架后,提高了纯钛的耐磨性,耐腐蚀性,保持了良好的润湿性从而增加了戴用舒适度,同时对支架与热凝树脂的结合力没有影响;当改变沉积时间时还可以获得金黄色的外观,增进了纯钛义齿的美感,细菌黏附试验证明渗氮类金刚石薄膜具有抵抗白色念珠菌黏附的能力;细胞毒性检测渗氮类金刚石薄膜对小鼠成纤维细胞无毒性,不干扰生物细胞的功能。经临床试用得到了患者的肯定,改善了义齿常出现的色素沉着,颜色变暗问题,口感更加舒适,从而为类金刚石镀膜改性技术在口腔修复领域应用进行了有益的实践。
Pure titanium was wildy used in prosthdontics as perfect dental materials. However, some defects such as pore by casting, weak attrition resistance and corrosion by fluoride need to be solved by surface modification. Diamond like carbon(DLC) coating was widly used in industry as rising material, contrary, it seldom used in prosthdontics because of weak tenacity, single color and poor adhesion to pure titanium. This study aimed at developing Nitrogen-doped DLC coating to improve capability of pure titanium bracket; satisfacting clinical need. Method: 1. applying multi impulse arc plasma plating machine to produce TiN coatings on pure titanium in nitrogen atmosphere, then filming with DLC on TiN in methane; 2. using tooth brushing machine to test the friction of DLC (compared with TiN, Anodizing); SEM to analyse the surface morphology and content in DLC film; wetting detective apparatus to measure wettibility; comparing adhering of candida albicans on DLC and evaluating cytotoxicity of DLC; 3.observing the effect of clinical use. Result:
1.Affirming technical parameter of filming DLC
⑴①Influence of voltage on the DLC uniformity: When the voltage was 300V、200V and 100V,the relative error of uniformity was 36.23%、35.48% and 34.67%. 200V should be the best choice.
②When the frequency was 1Hz、3Hz and 5Hz,the relative error of uniformity was 39.76%、39.39% and 42.94%.3Hz should be the best choice.
③When the distance between cathode and samples was 240mm、270mm and 300mm,the relative error of uniformity was 23.53%、11.63% and 11.76%.270mm should be the best choice.
⑵Influence of angle of incidence on the DLC uniformity and hardness: When the angle of incidence was within 45°, the hardness was higher than other angles. However, the uniformity changed obviously if the angle was beyond 30°Within 30°should be the best choice.
⑶①Surface morphology of 4 samples with different content nitrogen (SEM). From A to D showed that dense of crystals formed in DLC films become more compact which improve that Nitrogen can induce the crystal growing up under special pressure and temperature.
②Transect of 4 samples with different content nitrogen (SEM) . From A to D showed that the thickness of DLC films become more thicker which improve that Nitrogen can induce titanium element from transition layer (TiN) diffused into DLC films
③SEM and XPS show CNx bond appearing in DLC film
④DLC/CNx decrease the stress in DLC , enhance the binding strength between pure titanium and DLC.
2.Testing the capability of DLC film
⑴The change of roughness, reflectivity and color difference in DLC was the lowest compared with Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated. The color difference in DLC was the lowest either. DLC coating may improve quality of titanium denture.
⑵Corrosion test manifest DLC have the best corrosion resistance than Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated pure titanium.
⑶The resin bonding strength and surface energy of DLC group was lower than Tin, Anodizing and Uncoated pure titanium The wettability and resin bonding strength have been increased after coating with H-DLC which can used in denture repair.
⑷Comparing adhering of candida albicans on four kinds of surface (DLC, TiN, Anodizing, Uncoated pure titanium)after used in clinical patients, DLC show the best ability of anti- candida albicans.
⑸When changing the time of deposition , DLC surface show different color. Golden yellow was present when time of deposition was 30min.
⑹The results of cell toxicity tests reveal no cytotoxicity finding with DLC,it was safe to L-929 cell.It can be conclude that DLC was safe to use in human body.
3.Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket applying in human in vivo
Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket was received by patients after applying in vivo; comparing with uncoated titanium brackets, titanium brackets filming with DLC decreased the aggradient of color, improved feeling of chewing.
On the base of the above results of this study, it can be concluded that:
Nitrogen-doped DLC can filming on denture repair with complex shape after ameliorate working conditions; improving the wear ability of titanium denture repair; enhancing corrosion resistence of titanium denture repair; keeping favourable wettibility and comfort for patient use with no influence on binding strength between resin and bracket; When changing the time of deposition , DLC surface show the color of golden yellow which promote aesthetic feeling; after used in clinical patients, DLC show the best ability of anti-candida albicans. The results of cell toxicity tests reveal no cytotoxicity finding with DLC, it was safe to L-929 cell.It can be conclude that DLC was safe to use in human body; Nitrogen-doped DLC coating on pure titanium bracket was received by patients after applying in vivo; Comparing with uncoated titanium brackets, titanium brackets filming with DLC decreased the aggradient of color, improved feeling of chewing.
引文
[1] 周芝骏,宁崇德编,《钛的性质及其应用》,高等教育出版社,1993.
[2] Bell T.Dong H.Surface engineering of tiranium [A]. Proc 12th International. Fed Heat treatment and Surface Engineering Conf [C], 2000:1-12
[3] 顾汉卿,徐国风,生物医学材料[M],天津,天津科技翻译出版社,1993:395-466
[4] Thomson-Neal D,Evans GH, Meffert RM.Effects of Various Prophy-lactic Treatments on Titanium. Sapphire and Hydroxyapatite Coated Im-plant:An SEM Study[J].Int J Periodont Rest Dent,1989,9(3):300-311
[5] Li D, Liu B, Han Y, Xu K. Effects of a modified sandblasting surface treatment on topographic and chemical properties of titanium surface[J].Implant Dent, 2001,10(1):59-64.
[6] Fenton Ah, Jeffry JD.Allergy to a Partial Denture Casting: Case Report [J]. Dent J,1978,44(10):466-468
[7] Yamazoe J, Nakagawa M, Matono Y, et al. The development of Ti alloys for dental implant with high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength [J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(2):260-7.
[8] Cassinelli C, Morra M, Bruzzone G, et al. Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 2. In vitro experiments[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003 ,18(1):46-52.
[9] Pelsoczi KI, Bereznai M, Toth Z, et al. Surface modifications of titanium implant material with excimer laser for more effective osseointegration [J].Fogorv Sz, 2004,97(6):231-7
[10] 藤岛昭宏,宫崎隆,藤岛由香里,等.チタンの表面性状に及ぽすアルミナ*サンドブラスト处理の影响.齿科材料*器械,1997,16(3):218～226
[11] Dimitris Eliopoulos, Spiros Zinelis, Triantafillos Papadopoulos. The effect ofinvestment material type on the contamination zone and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium castings [J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2005, 94(6):539-548
[12] Ikuya Watanabe, Kenneth S. Kurtz, Jack L. Kabcenell. Effect of sandblasting and silicoating on bond strength of polymer-glass composite to cast titanium[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1999, 82(4):462-467
[13] 玉置幸道,宫崎隆,铃木映,他.チタン补缀物の研磨にすゐ研究(第 6 报)フツ化水素酸.硝酸系化学研磨浴の检讨.齿材器,1989,8(1):103.
[14] D. M. J. Wilkes, P. S. Goodwin, C. M. Ward-Close, K. Bagnall and J. SteedsSolid solution of Mg in Ti by mechanical alloying[J].Materials Letters, 1996,27(2): 47-52
[15] K. Venkatesh, M. S. Bobji, R. Gargi and S. K. Biswas Genesis of workpiece roughness generated in surface grinding and polishing of metals[J].Wear, 1999, 225(1):215-226
[16] 玉置幸道.より简便で安全なチタン研磨齿科技工,1993,21(9):904.
[17] 宫崎隆,铃木映,他.チタン补缀物の研磨に关すゐ研究(第 4 报)化学研磨.齿材器,1988,7(5):786
[18] 宫川修,渡道孝一,木川成刚,等.スピネルを含む铸型に铸造したチタン表层の反应层.齿科材料*器械,1995,14(5):560～568
[19] 程静涛,郭天文,王宝成.自动研磨对纯钛铸件表面粗糙度的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,1999,13(3):200-203
[20] 刘文科,周劬科.钛合金零件的离心滚筒研磨抛光[M].98 中国材料研讨会:材料研究与应用新进展(总 20).北京:化学工业出版社,1998:992-995
[21] Guilherme AS, Henriques GE, Zavanelli RA, et al. Surface roughness and fatigue performance of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy after different polishing protocols[J]. J Prosthet Dent,2005,93(4):378-85.
[22] Sitting C, Hahner G, Marti A, et al. The implant material, Ti6Al7Nb: surface microstructure, composition and properties[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Med,1999,10(4):191-8.
[23] Seiji Ban, Yukari Iwaya, Hiroshi Konoet al.Surface modification of titanium by etching in concentrated sulfuric acid [J].Dental Materials,2006,22 (12):1115-1120
[24] Luiz Ricardo Menani, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, Rossana Pereira.Tensile bond strength of cast commercially pure titanium and cast gold-alloy posts and cores cemented with two luting agents[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,2008, 99 (2):141-147
[25] L. Le Guéhennec, A. Soueidan, P. Layrolle and Y. AmouriqSurface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration[J].Dental Materials, 2007, 23(7):844-854
[26] Walivaara B, Aronsson BO, Rodahl M, et al. Titanium with different oxides: in vitro studies of protein adsorption and contact activation [J]. Biomaterials, 1994,15(10):827-34.
[27] M.S. Tung, Calcium Phosphate in Biological and Industrial System, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, MA,1998.
[28] C.J. Brinker, G.W. Scherer, Sol–Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, American Press, SanDiego, 1990.
[29] Kim KH, Kwon TY, Kim SY, et al. Preparation and characterization of anodized titanium surfaces and their effect on osteoblast responses[J].J Oral Implantol, 2006,32(1):8-13.
[30] P. Shi, F.T. Cheng, H.C. Man. Improvement in corrosion resistance of NiTi by anodization in acetic acid[J].Materials Letters, 2007, 61(11):2385-2388
[31] J. -L. Delplanckel. Influence of the anodizing procedure on the structure and the properties of titanium oxide films and its effect on copper nucleation[J].Electrochimica Acta, 1994,39(9):1281-1289
[32] Ho-Jun Song, Min-Kang Kim.The effects of spark anodizing treatment of pure titanium metals and titanium alloys on corrosion characteristics [J]. Surface andCoatings Technology, 2007,201 (25):8738-8745
[33] 闫召民,郭天文,余建军,潘会波. 电解电压对钛阳极氧化色彩的影响[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2001,17(6):530-532
[34] M. Allen, B.. In vitro and in vivo investigations into the compatibility of diamond-like carbon coatings for orthopedic applications[J].J Biomed Mater,2001, 58(3):319-28.
[35] Li B, Yin J, Yin G, et al. Effects of carbon phase components on platelets adhesion for diamond like carbon[J].Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2004,21(6):905-9.
[36] Nurdin N, Francois P, Mugnier Y, et al. Haemocompatibility evaluation of DLC and SiC-coated surfaces[J].Eur Cell Mater, 2003,20(5):17-26
[37] J. L. He, S. Miyake, Y. Setsuhara,et al. Improved anti-wear performance of nanostructured titanium boron nitride coatings[J].Wear, 2001, 249(5): 498-502
[38] 肖惠军,郭天文,王宝成. 真空电弧离子镀对纯钛表面粗糙度影响的研究[J].口腔颌面修复学杂志,2005,6(2):129-131
[39] Alenka Vesel, Miran Mozetic, Janez Kovac. XPS study of the deposited Ti layer in a magnetron-type sputter ion pump[J].Applied Surface Science, 2006,253(30): 2941-2946
[40] Anselm KuhnThe electropolishing of titanium and its alloys[J].Metal Finishing, Volume 102, Issue 6, June 2004, 102(6): 80-86
[41] Margot E. Anderson, John W.H. Price and Peter ParashosFracture.Resistance of Electropolished Rotary Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments [J]. Journal of Endodontics,2007,33(10):1212-1216
[42] Hartmut Surmann,Jorge Huser. Automatic electropolishing of cobalt chromium dental cast alloys with a fuzzy logic controller [J].Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1998, 22(7):1099-1111
[43] Tung B.Bui.Effect of Electropolishing ProFile Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance, Torsional Resistance, and Cutting Efficiency [J].Journal ofEndodontics, 2008, 34(2):190-193
[44] De Maeztu MA, Alava JI, Gay-Escoda C. Ion implantation: surface treatment for improving the bone integration of titanium and Ti6Al4V dental implants [J].Clin Oral Implants Res, 2003,14(1):57-62.
[45] Lee J, Choi W, Yoon J. Photocatalytic degradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine: mechanism, product distribution, and TiO2 surface modification[J].Environ Sci Technol, 2005, 39 (17): 6800-6807.
[46] Fancey Kevin S, Leyland Adrian, Moh'd Badow, Fadhel, Matthews Allan.The influence of neon in the deposition of titanium nitride by plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: 1999, 262(1):227-232
[47] Bull S J,Jones AM. Multilayer coatings for improved performance[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, l996, 78(3): 173-184
[48] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Liu XY, et al. Corrosion resistance, surface mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of plasma immersion ion implantation-treated nickel-titanium shape memory alloys[J].J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005 ,75(2):256-67.
[49] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Liu XY, et al. Investigation of nickel suppression and cytocompatibility of surface-treated nickel-titanium shape memory alloys by using plasma immersion ion implantation[J].J Biomed Mater Res A, 2005 ,72(3):238-45.
[50] Li UM, Iijima M, Endo K, et al. Application of plasma immersion ion implantation for surface modification of Ni-Ti rotary instruments[J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(4):467-73.
[51] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Chu PK, et al. Surface mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cytocompatibility of nitrogen plasma-implanted nickel-titanium alloys: a comparative study with commonly used medical grade materials[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2007 ,82(2):403-14.
[52] Tavakoli M, Buxton A, Jones I. The use of power beams in surface modification [J].Med Device Technol. 2007,18(1):12-6.
[53] 姜杰. 高性能的类金刚石红外光学薄膜[J]. 红外技术,18(4),1996:15-20.
[54] 李铁军. Xecl(308nm)脉冲准分子激光沉积类金刚石薄膜[J].光学学报, 17(3)1997:331-337.
[55] Peili Chen, et al. Low temperature growth of diamond-like film by cathodic arc plasma deposition [J].Applied Surface Science, 92(1996):30~34.
[56] Jin-Bao Wu, Jia-Jen Chang, Mei-Yi Li.Characterization of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by pulsed bias cathodic vacuum arc deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 516(4):243-247
[57] Valérie Meille. Review on methods to deposit catalysts on structured surfaces [J].Applied Catalysis A: General, 2006,315(23):1-17
[58] E. Titus, D.S. Misra, A.K. Sikder, P.K. TyagiQuantitative analysis of hydrogen in chemical vapor deposited diamond films[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2005, 14(7):476-481
[59] Ozeki K, Kobayashi S, Hirakuri KK,et al. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment improves the wear properties of a diamond-like carbon film coated on PMMA for biomaterials[J].Biomed Mater Eng. 2007;17(3):175-82.
[60] Kim SK, Lee JB, Koak JY, et al. An abutment screw loosening study of a Diamond Like Carbon-coated CP titanium implant[J].J Oral Rehabil,2005,32 (5):346-50
[61] Li UM, Iijima M, Endo K, et al. Application of plasma immersion ion implantation for surface modification of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. [J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(4):467-73.
[62] Steffen Weissmantel.Preparation of superhard amorphous carbon films with low internal stress [J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2004, 188(12):268-273
[63] R. Prioli, M. Chhowalla and F. L. Freire .Friction and wear at nanometer scale: a comparative study of hard carbon films[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2003, 12(12):2195-2202
[64] Tsuyoshi Yoshitake, Takashi Nishiyama and Kunihito Nagayama.The role of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the growth of carbon thin films by pulsed laser deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2000, 9(6):689-692
[65] Edwin H.T. Teo,.Mechanical properties of alternating high-low sp3 content thick non-hydrogenated diamond-like amorphous carbon films[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007, 16(10): 1882 -1886
[66] F. Demichelis, C. F. Pirri, A. Tagliaferro. Comparison of diamond-like carbon films having similar hardness deposited by glow discharge and sputtering [J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 1992, 1(15): 535-537
[67] N. Savvides and T. J. Bell. Hardness and elastic modulus of diamond and diamond-like carbon films [J].Thin Solid Films, 1993, 228(15):289-292
[68] L. Yu. Ostrovskaya. Studies of diamond and diamond-like film surfaces using XAES, AFM and wetting[J].Vacuum, 2002, 68(20):219-238
[69] S.C. Trippe, R. D. Mansano. Mechanical properties evaluation of fluor-doped diamond-like carbon coatings by nanoindentation[J].Thin Solid Films, 2004, 446(1): 85-90
[70] Stephanie Neuville and Allan Matthews. A perspective on the optimisation of hard carbon and related coatings for engineering applications[J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 515(17):6619-6653
[71] 梁海锋,严一心. 类金刚石薄膜光学特性的椭偏法研究[J].真空科学与技术, 2005,25(04):287-289
[72] 周杨; 梁海锋; 严一心,等. 氮化铝薄膜的椭偏法研究[J]. 激光与红外,2007,37(6):545-551
[73] B. Bouchet-Fabre, E. Marino, G. LazarSpectroscopic study using FTIR, Raman, XPS and NEXAFS of carbon nitride thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005,482(22):167-171
[74] S.C.Ray, T.I.T.Okpalugo,P.Papakonstantinou.Electronic structure and hardening mechanism of Si-doped/undoped diamond-like carbon films[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005, 482(2): 242-247
[75] E. C. Samano, G. Soto, A. Olivas and L. Cota DLC thin films characterized by AES, XPS and EELS[J].Applied Surface Science, 2002, 202(2):1-7
[76] 黄卫东,詹如娟. 表面波等离子体沉积类金刚石膜结构的 Raman 光谱和 XPS 分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2003,23(3):512-514
[77] 姚江武. 现代口腔色彩学. 厦门: 厦门大学出版社, 2000. 82-170
[78] 汤顺青. 色度学. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1990: 156-157
[79] Klemetti E,Matela AM,Haag P,et a1.Shade selection perfor reed by novice dental professionals and eolorimeter[J].J Oral RehabiL,2006,33(1):31—35
[80] 冯健亲.色彩[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,1994:58—64.
[81] Donald M. Mattox. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes [J].Metal Finishing,1995,93(1) :387-400
[82] A. P. Malshe, B. S. Park, W. D. Brown et al. A review of techniques for polishing and planarizing chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and substrates[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 1999, 8(7):1198-1213
[83] Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky. Characterization of cascade arc assisted CVD diamond coating technology: Part I. Plasma processing parameters [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005,194(2)344-362
[84] S.Cale. Model predictions of feature-size-dependent step coverages by PVD aluminum:surface diffusion [J]. Thin Solid Films, 1991, 206(10): 54-58
[85] X. -Y. Liu, M. S. Daw, J. D. Kress, D. E. Hanson, V. Arunachalam, D. Ion solid surface interactions in ionized copper physical vapor deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2002, 422(20):141-149
[86] R L Boxman. Interferometric measurement of electron and vapour densities in ahigh-current vacuum arc[J]. J Appl Phys, 1974,45(11):4835–4846
[87] 王浩,邹积岩,杨磊. 真空电弧沉积簿膜厚度分布计算[J]. 应用科学学报,1995,13(3):339-345
[88] 吴汉基,冯学章,庞红勋,刘文喜,等. 脉冲真空电弧镀的实验研究[J].真空,1999,10(3):276-281
[89] D. Franta, L. Zají ková, I. Ohlídal. Optical characterization of diamond-like carbon films using multi-sample modification of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry [J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2002, 11(1): 105-117
[90] D. Sheeja, B. K. Tay, S. P. Lau and Xu ShiTribological properties and adhesive strength of DLC coatings prepared under different substrate bias voltages[J].Wear, 2001, 249 (5): 433 -439
[91] 蔡长龙,王季梅,杭凌侠,等. 类金刚石薄膜硬度的研究[J].表面技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[92] 杭凌侠,蔡长龙,弥谦,等. 脉冲碳等离子体源发射特性研究[J]. 西安工业学院学报,2003,23(4):289-293
[93] G. Fanchini. Growth and characterisation of polymeric amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films from propane[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2005, 14(7):928-933
[94] Y.Q. Pan and Y. Yin. Diamond-like carbon films with End-Hall ion source enhanced chemical vapour deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2007, 16(2):220-224
[95] D. Chicot, Y. Bénarioua and J. Lesage. Hardness measurements of Ti and TiC multilayers: a model[J].Thin Solid Films, 2000, 359(31):228-235
[96] Mikami, H. Nakazawa, M. Kudo et al. Effects of hydrogen on film properties of diamond-like carbon films prepared by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using hydrogen gas[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005, 488(22): 87-92
[97] H. Kim, D.H. Jung, B. Park,et al.The effect of the substrate bias voltage and the deposition pressure on the properties of diamond-like carbon produced by inductivelycoupled plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005,193(1):255-258
[98] Jin-Bao Wu, Jia-Jen Chang, Mei-Yi Li, et al. Characterization of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by pulsed bias cathodic vacuum arc deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 516(3):243-247
[99] Y.S. Zou, Q.M. Wang, H. Du, et al. Structural characterization of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon films deposited by arc ion plating[J].Applied Surface Science, 2005, 241(15):295-302
[100] John C. Angus.Diamond and diamond-like films[J].Thin Solid Films, Volume 216, 1992, 216(28):126-133
[101] D..Franceschini.Growth and properties of plasma-deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen films [J].Thin Films and Nanostructures, 2002, 30(2): 217-276
[102] D. B. Marshall, M. C. Shaw and W. L. Morris.Measurement of interfacial debonding and sliding resistance in fiber reinforced intermetallics [J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1992,40(3):443-454
[103] M. C. Shaw, D. B. Marshall, B. J. Evans Fatigue crack growth and stress redistribution at interfaces [J].Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1994,42(12):4091-4099
[104] 李天应(LITianying).物理实验(PhysicalExperiment)[M]武汉:华中理工大学出版社(Wuhan:Press of Huazhong University of Science&Technology), 1995. 2228.
[105] Sunil K. Pal, Jiechao Jiang,Efstathios I. Meletis.Effects of N-doping on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological behavior of Cr-DLC films [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007, 201(25):7917-7923
[106] M. Guerino, M. Massi, R.D. Mansano.The influence of nitrogen and fluorine on the dielectric constant of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films [J].Microelectronics Journal, 2007, 38(9):915-918
[107] Ana Paula Mousinho and Ronaldo Domingues MansanoInfluence of the plasma parameters and nitrogen addition on the electrical characteristics of DLC films deposited by inductively coupled plasma deposition[J].Applied Surface Science, 2007,254(31):189-192
[108] Hare Ram Aryal, Sudip Adhikari, Sunil Adhikary,et al. Characteristics of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon thin films grown by microwave surface-wave plasma CVD[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2006, 15(11):1906-1908
[109] Y. Pauleau and F. ThièryDeposition and characterization of nanostructured metal/carbon composite films [J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, 180(1):313-322
[110] Francis E. Kennedy, David Lidhagen, Ali Erdemir Tribological behavior of hard carbon coatings on steel substrates[J].Wear, 2003,255(12):854-858
[111] 张玉梅,郭天文,李佐臣.钛及钛合金在口腔科应用的研究方向. [J]生物医学工程学杂志,2000,17(2):208.
[112] Maitz MF, Gago R, Abendroth B, et al. Hemocompatibility of low-friction boron-carbon-nitrogen containing coatings[J].J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2006 ,77(1):179-87.
[113] Harzer W, Schroter A, Gedrange T, et al. Sensitivity of titanium brackets to the corrosive influence of fluoride-containing toothpaste and tea[J]. Angle Orthod, 2001,71(4):318-23.
[114] Ozeki K, Kobayashi S, Hirakuri KK,et al. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment improves the wear properties of a diamond-like carbon film coated on UHMWPE and PMMA for biomaterials. Biomed Mater Eng, 2007;17(3):175-82.
[115] Kim SK, Lee JB, Koak JY, et al. An abutment screw loosening study of a Diamond Like Carbon-coated CP titanium implant[J].J Oral Rehabil,2005, 32 (5):346-50.
[116] Bolton J, Hu X. In vitro corrosion testing of PVD coatings applied to a surgical grade Co-Cr-Mo alloy[J].J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2002,13(6):567-74.
[117] Wang J, Pan C, Li P. The effect of surface free energy parameters of diamond-like carbon films deposited on medical polyethylene terephthalate on bacterial adhesion[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2006, 23(2): 342~345
[118] Frolov VD, Karabutov AV, Pimenov SM, et al. Field electron emission and nanostructural correlations for diamond and related materials [J].Ultramicroscopy, 2003 ,95(1-4):99-105.
[119] Janotta M, Rudolph D, Kueng A, et al. Analysis of corrosion processes at the surface of diamond-like carbon protected zinc selenide waveguides [J].Langmuir,2004,28 (20):8634 -40
[120] M.Nakagawa. Effects of fluride concentration and PH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental materials [J]. J Dent Res.1999,78(9):1568
[121] Fraleigh CM, Elhaney JHM, Heiser RA. Toothbrushing force study[J].J Dent Res, 1999, 78(9):1568
[122] Chen H, Yi M, Xu K, etal. Bonding strengths of PCVD films under cyclic loading [J].Surface and coating Technology, 1995,74(75):253-258.
[123] Lassila L V,Vallittu P K.Effect of water and artificial saliva on the low cycle fatigue resistance of chromium dental alloy[J].J Dent Res,1998,80(4): 708 -713
[124] 曹洪喜.牙科金属与合金材料的腐蚀性能研究[J]国外医学口腔医学分册,2002,27(2):86～88.
[125] Ricardo A. Zavanelli, Guilherme E. Pessanha Henriques, Itamar Ferreira. Corrosion-fatigue life of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in different storage environments [J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000, 84(3): 274-279.
[126] A.C. Vieira, A.R. Ribeiro, L.A. Rocha et al. Influence of pH and corrosion inhibitors onthe tribocorrosion of titanium in artificial saliva[J].Wear,2006, 261(20):994-1001
[127] Yoshiki Oshida, Cory B. Sellers, Kawther Mirza,et al. Corrosion of dental metallic materials by dental treatment agents[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 25(3):343-348
[128] Yong-Jin Seo. A study on the correlation between electrochemical corrosion and chemical mechanical polishing performance of W and Ti film [J].Microelectronic Engineering, 2007,12(84):2769-2774
[129] M. Karthega, V. Raman. Influence of potential on the electrochemical behaviour of β titanium alloys in Hank’s solution [J].Acta Biomaterialia, 2007, 3(6): 1019 -1023
[130] Xiaoji Li, Jianqiu Wang, En-hou Han and Wei Ke Influence of fluoride and chloride on corrosion behavior of NiTi orthodontic wires[J].Acta Biomaterialia,2007,3(5):807-815
[131] Jiehe Sui, Wei Cai and Liancheng Zhao Surface modification of NiTi alloys using diamond-like carbon (DLC) fabricated by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID)Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2006, 248(1): 67-70
[132] Sérgio Luiz de Assis.Corrosion characterization of titanium alloys by electrochemical techniques[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 51 (8):1815-1819
[133] Riev J Friction and Wear on Implant Materials. Biomaterials,1994 (12):139-144
[134] Browne M, Gregson DJ, Surface Modification of Titanium Alloy Implants. Biomaterials,l994(15):894-898
[135] Kononer Mo Lavonius. SME observiation on stress Corrosion. Crucking of Commercially Pure titanium in a topiocal Fluoride Solution [J].Dental Materials,1995(11):269
[136] D. Sheeja, B. K. Tay, S. P. Lau. Tribological characterisation of diamond-like carbon coatings on Co–Cr–Mo alloy for orthopaedic applications[J].Surface and CoatingsTechnology, 146-147 (2001) 410.
[137] K.N.Strafford. The efficiency of uncoated and coated tool systems in the machining of low carbon steel assessed through cutting force measurements[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, (1995)706-711
[138] S. Kobayashi, Y. Ohgoe, K. Ozeki.et al. Diamond-like carbon coatings on orthodontic archwires[J]. Diamond and Related Materials,2005,14(3):1091
[139] D.K.Owens, R.C.Wendt. Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers[J].Appl.Polym, 1969, 13(6):1741.
[140] M.Zenkiewicz. Adhesion and Modification of surface layer of Macromolecular materials.Scientific-Technical Publishers, 2000:125.
[141] A.V.Pocius.Adhesion and adhesive Technology.An Introduction, First ed.Hanser Publishers, 1997:121.
[142] 段媛媛,王忠义,沈丽娟,张寿华.唾液获得性膜对不同桥体材料表面自由能的影响[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2003,13(9):495～497
[143] Q. Zhao, Y. Liu, E.W. Abel. Surface energy. Colloid Interf, 2004: 174.
[144] Satou J. Strptococcal adherence on various restorative materials[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(3):588～591.
[145] Junji Shirafuji. Wettability of diamond like carbon coating [J].Diamond and Related Materials, 1996, 5(1):706.
[146] 茅东升。无氢非晶金刚石薄膜的制备及电子场发射性能研究.中国科学院上海冶金所博士论文.2000:71.
[147] Teughels W, Van Assche N, Sliepen I,et al.Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development[J].Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006,17(12):68-81
[148] 张振庭.口腔微生物在义齿材料表面黏附的研究近况[J].北京口腔医学,1996,4(4):175-177
[149] Radford DR, Challacombe SJ, Walter JD.Denture plaque and adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials in vivo and in vitro[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1999,10(1):99-116
[150] Catalan A, Pacchier J, Kengt-Jent, et al[J]. J prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-5
[151] 周学东 ,肖晓蓉.口腔微生物学 M. 成都:四川大学出版社 ,2001.
[152] Monsenegod,Ellis JA,Stebing M,et al [J]. J Oral Rehabilitation, 2000,27:708-11.
[153] M.Ishihara,T.Antibacterial activity of fluorine incorporated DLC films[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2006,15(8):1011 -1014
[154] S.C.H. Kwok, W. Zhang, G.J. Wan,et al. Hemocompatibility and anti-bacterial properties of silver doped diamond-like carbon prepared by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007,16(4): 1353-1360
[155] 闫召民,郭天文,余建军,潘会波. 电解电压对钛阳极氧化色彩的影响[J].使用口腔医学杂志,2001,17(6):530-532
[156] A. Hu, I. Alkhesho, H. Zhou et al.Optical and microstructural properties of diamond-like carbon films grown by pulsed laser deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007, 16 (1):149-154
[157] Zhijun Qiao, Jiajun Li, Naiqin Zhao. Structural evolution and Raman study of nanocarbons from diamond nanoparticles[J].Chemical Physics Letters, 2006, 429(6): 479-482
[158] 大田登著,刘中本译.色彩工学.第 1 版.西安:西安交通大学出版社出版.1997:121 一 124.
[159] 郭廉夫张继华著.色彩美学.第 1 版.西安:陕西人民艺术出版社.1992: 14-207
[160] 孙少宣主编.口腔医学美学.第一版.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1994: 16-21
[161] Nicholas P. Ziats, Kathleen M. Miller and James M. Anderson.In vitro and in vivo interactions of cells with biomaterials[J].Biomaterials, 1988, 9(1):5-13
[162] G?ran Sj?gren, Gaynour Sletten and Jon E. Dahl Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals,and ceramics assessed by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000, 84(2): 229-236
[163] 李超宏,王贻宁,吴忠荣.全口义齿满意度调查表的设计与研究[J].口腔医学纵横,1999,15(3):163-163
[164] 赵西贵.可摘局部义齿在戴牙过程中常见的问题几处理[J].实用口腔医学杂志,1995,11(3):231-232
[165] 徐侃 张富强 徐宏等. 全口义齿着色问题初步探讨[J].上海口腔医学 2000,9(1):21-22
[166] S. Canay, N.. Evaluation of titanium in oral conditions and its electrochemical corrosion behaviour [J].Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1998, 25:759 -764
[2] Bell T.Dong H.Surface engineering of tiranium [A]. Proc 12th International. Fed Heat treatment and Surface Engineering Conf [C], 2000:1-12
[3] 顾汉卿,徐国风,生物医学材料[M],天津,天津科技翻译出版社,1993:395-466
[4] Thomson-Neal D,Evans GH, Meffert RM.Effects of Various Prophy-lactic Treatments on Titanium. Sapphire and Hydroxyapatite Coated Im-plant:An SEM Study[J].Int J Periodont Rest Dent,1989,9(3):300-311
[5] Li D, Liu B, Han Y, Xu K. Effects of a modified sandblasting surface treatment on topographic and chemical properties of titanium surface[J].Implant Dent, 2001,10(1):59-64.
[6] Fenton Ah, Jeffry JD.Allergy to a Partial Denture Casting: Case Report [J]. Dent J,1978,44(10):466-468
[7] Yamazoe J, Nakagawa M, Matono Y, et al. The development of Ti alloys for dental implant with high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength [J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(2):260-7.
[8] Cassinelli C, Morra M, Bruzzone G, et al. Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 2. In vitro experiments[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003 ,18(1):46-52.
[9] Pelsoczi KI, Bereznai M, Toth Z, et al. Surface modifications of titanium implant material with excimer laser for more effective osseointegration [J].Fogorv Sz, 2004,97(6):231-7
[10] 藤岛昭宏,宫崎隆,藤岛由香里,等.チタンの表面性状に及ぽすアルミナ*サンドブラスト处理の影响.齿科材料*器械,1997,16(3):218～226
[11] Dimitris Eliopoulos, Spiros Zinelis, Triantafillos Papadopoulos. The effect ofinvestment material type on the contamination zone and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium castings [J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2005, 94(6):539-548
[12] Ikuya Watanabe, Kenneth S. Kurtz, Jack L. Kabcenell. Effect of sandblasting and silicoating on bond strength of polymer-glass composite to cast titanium[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1999, 82(4):462-467
[13] 玉置幸道,宫崎隆,铃木映,他.チタン补缀物の研磨にすゐ研究(第 6 报)フツ化水素酸.硝酸系化学研磨浴の检讨.齿材器,1989,8(1):103.
[14] D. M. J. Wilkes, P. S. Goodwin, C. M. Ward-Close, K. Bagnall and J. SteedsSolid solution of Mg in Ti by mechanical alloying[J].Materials Letters, 1996,27(2): 47-52
[15] K. Venkatesh, M. S. Bobji, R. Gargi and S. K. Biswas Genesis of workpiece roughness generated in surface grinding and polishing of metals[J].Wear, 1999, 225(1):215-226
[16] 玉置幸道.より简便で安全なチタン研磨齿科技工,1993,21(9):904.
[17] 宫崎隆,铃木映,他.チタン补缀物の研磨に关すゐ研究(第 4 报)化学研磨.齿材器,1988,7(5):786
[18] 宫川修,渡道孝一,木川成刚,等.スピネルを含む铸型に铸造したチタン表层の反应层.齿科材料*器械,1995,14(5):560～568
[19] 程静涛,郭天文,王宝成.自动研磨对纯钛铸件表面粗糙度的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,1999,13(3):200-203
[20] 刘文科,周劬科.钛合金零件的离心滚筒研磨抛光[M].98 中国材料研讨会:材料研究与应用新进展(总 20).北京:化学工业出版社,1998:992-995
[21] Guilherme AS, Henriques GE, Zavanelli RA, et al. Surface roughness and fatigue performance of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy after different polishing protocols[J]. J Prosthet Dent,2005,93(4):378-85.
[22] Sitting C, Hahner G, Marti A, et al. The implant material, Ti6Al7Nb: surface microstructure, composition and properties[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Med,1999,10(4):191-8.
[23] Seiji Ban, Yukari Iwaya, Hiroshi Konoet al.Surface modification of titanium by etching in concentrated sulfuric acid [J].Dental Materials,2006,22 (12):1115-1120
[24] Luiz Ricardo Menani, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, Rossana Pereira.Tensile bond strength of cast commercially pure titanium and cast gold-alloy posts and cores cemented with two luting agents[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,2008, 99 (2):141-147
[25] L. Le Guéhennec, A. Soueidan, P. Layrolle and Y. AmouriqSurface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration[J].Dental Materials, 2007, 23(7):844-854
[26] Walivaara B, Aronsson BO, Rodahl M, et al. Titanium with different oxides: in vitro studies of protein adsorption and contact activation [J]. Biomaterials, 1994,15(10):827-34.
[27] M.S. Tung, Calcium Phosphate in Biological and Industrial System, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, MA,1998.
[28] C.J. Brinker, G.W. Scherer, Sol–Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, American Press, SanDiego, 1990.
[29] Kim KH, Kwon TY, Kim SY, et al. Preparation and characterization of anodized titanium surfaces and their effect on osteoblast responses[J].J Oral Implantol, 2006,32(1):8-13.
[30] P. Shi, F.T. Cheng, H.C. Man. Improvement in corrosion resistance of NiTi by anodization in acetic acid[J].Materials Letters, 2007, 61(11):2385-2388
[31] J. -L. Delplanckel. Influence of the anodizing procedure on the structure and the properties of titanium oxide films and its effect on copper nucleation[J].Electrochimica Acta, 1994,39(9):1281-1289
[32] Ho-Jun Song, Min-Kang Kim.The effects of spark anodizing treatment of pure titanium metals and titanium alloys on corrosion characteristics [J]. Surface andCoatings Technology, 2007,201 (25):8738-8745
[33] 闫召民,郭天文,余建军,潘会波. 电解电压对钛阳极氧化色彩的影响[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2001,17(6):530-532
[34] M. Allen, B.. In vitro and in vivo investigations into the compatibility of diamond-like carbon coatings for orthopedic applications[J].J Biomed Mater,2001, 58(3):319-28.
[35] Li B, Yin J, Yin G, et al. Effects of carbon phase components on platelets adhesion for diamond like carbon[J].Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2004,21(6):905-9.
[36] Nurdin N, Francois P, Mugnier Y, et al. Haemocompatibility evaluation of DLC and SiC-coated surfaces[J].Eur Cell Mater, 2003,20(5):17-26
[37] J. L. He, S. Miyake, Y. Setsuhara,et al. Improved anti-wear performance of nanostructured titanium boron nitride coatings[J].Wear, 2001, 249(5): 498-502
[38] 肖惠军,郭天文,王宝成. 真空电弧离子镀对纯钛表面粗糙度影响的研究[J].口腔颌面修复学杂志,2005,6(2):129-131
[39] Alenka Vesel, Miran Mozetic, Janez Kovac. XPS study of the deposited Ti layer in a magnetron-type sputter ion pump[J].Applied Surface Science, 2006,253(30): 2941-2946
[40] Anselm KuhnThe electropolishing of titanium and its alloys[J].Metal Finishing, Volume 102, Issue 6, June 2004, 102(6): 80-86
[41] Margot E. Anderson, John W.H. Price and Peter ParashosFracture.Resistance of Electropolished Rotary Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments [J]. Journal of Endodontics,2007,33(10):1212-1216
[42] Hartmut Surmann,Jorge Huser. Automatic electropolishing of cobalt chromium dental cast alloys with a fuzzy logic controller [J].Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1998, 22(7):1099-1111
[43] Tung B.Bui.Effect of Electropolishing ProFile Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance, Torsional Resistance, and Cutting Efficiency [J].Journal ofEndodontics, 2008, 34(2):190-193
[44] De Maeztu MA, Alava JI, Gay-Escoda C. Ion implantation: surface treatment for improving the bone integration of titanium and Ti6Al4V dental implants [J].Clin Oral Implants Res, 2003,14(1):57-62.
[45] Lee J, Choi W, Yoon J. Photocatalytic degradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine: mechanism, product distribution, and TiO2 surface modification[J].Environ Sci Technol, 2005, 39 (17): 6800-6807.
[46] Fancey Kevin S, Leyland Adrian, Moh'd Badow, Fadhel, Matthews Allan.The influence of neon in the deposition of titanium nitride by plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: 1999, 262(1):227-232
[47] Bull S J,Jones AM. Multilayer coatings for improved performance[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, l996, 78(3): 173-184
[48] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Liu XY, et al. Corrosion resistance, surface mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of plasma immersion ion implantation-treated nickel-titanium shape memory alloys[J].J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005 ,75(2):256-67.
[49] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Liu XY, et al. Investigation of nickel suppression and cytocompatibility of surface-treated nickel-titanium shape memory alloys by using plasma immersion ion implantation[J].J Biomed Mater Res A, 2005 ,72(3):238-45.
[50] Li UM, Iijima M, Endo K, et al. Application of plasma immersion ion implantation for surface modification of Ni-Ti rotary instruments[J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(4):467-73.
[51] Yeung KW, Poon RW, Chu PK, et al. Surface mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cytocompatibility of nitrogen plasma-implanted nickel-titanium alloys: a comparative study with commonly used medical grade materials[J].J Biomed Mater Res A,2007 ,82(2):403-14.
[52] Tavakoli M, Buxton A, Jones I. The use of power beams in surface modification [J].Med Device Technol. 2007,18(1):12-6.
[53] 姜杰. 高性能的类金刚石红外光学薄膜[J]. 红外技术,18(4),1996:15-20.
[54] 李铁军. Xecl(308nm)脉冲准分子激光沉积类金刚石薄膜[J].光学学报, 17(3)1997:331-337.
[55] Peili Chen, et al. Low temperature growth of diamond-like film by cathodic arc plasma deposition [J].Applied Surface Science, 92(1996):30~34.
[56] Jin-Bao Wu, Jia-Jen Chang, Mei-Yi Li.Characterization of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by pulsed bias cathodic vacuum arc deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 516(4):243-247
[57] Valérie Meille. Review on methods to deposit catalysts on structured surfaces [J].Applied Catalysis A: General, 2006,315(23):1-17
[58] E. Titus, D.S. Misra, A.K. Sikder, P.K. TyagiQuantitative analysis of hydrogen in chemical vapor deposited diamond films[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2005, 14(7):476-481
[59] Ozeki K, Kobayashi S, Hirakuri KK,et al. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment improves the wear properties of a diamond-like carbon film coated on PMMA for biomaterials[J].Biomed Mater Eng. 2007;17(3):175-82.
[60] Kim SK, Lee JB, Koak JY, et al. An abutment screw loosening study of a Diamond Like Carbon-coated CP titanium implant[J].J Oral Rehabil,2005,32 (5):346-50
[61] Li UM, Iijima M, Endo K, et al. Application of plasma immersion ion implantation for surface modification of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. [J].Dent Mater J, 2007,26(4):467-73.
[62] Steffen Weissmantel.Preparation of superhard amorphous carbon films with low internal stress [J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2004, 188(12):268-273
[63] R. Prioli, M. Chhowalla and F. L. Freire .Friction and wear at nanometer scale: a comparative study of hard carbon films[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2003, 12(12):2195-2202
[64] Tsuyoshi Yoshitake, Takashi Nishiyama and Kunihito Nagayama.The role of hydrogen and oxygen gas in the growth of carbon thin films by pulsed laser deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2000, 9(6):689-692
[65] Edwin H.T. Teo,.Mechanical properties of alternating high-low sp3 content thick non-hydrogenated diamond-like amorphous carbon films[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007, 16(10): 1882 -1886
[66] F. Demichelis, C. F. Pirri, A. Tagliaferro. Comparison of diamond-like carbon films having similar hardness deposited by glow discharge and sputtering [J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 1992, 1(15): 535-537
[67] N. Savvides and T. J. Bell. Hardness and elastic modulus of diamond and diamond-like carbon films [J].Thin Solid Films, 1993, 228(15):289-292
[68] L. Yu. Ostrovskaya. Studies of diamond and diamond-like film surfaces using XAES, AFM and wetting[J].Vacuum, 2002, 68(20):219-238
[69] S.C. Trippe, R. D. Mansano. Mechanical properties evaluation of fluor-doped diamond-like carbon coatings by nanoindentation[J].Thin Solid Films, 2004, 446(1): 85-90
[70] Stephanie Neuville and Allan Matthews. A perspective on the optimisation of hard carbon and related coatings for engineering applications[J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 515(17):6619-6653
[71] 梁海锋,严一心. 类金刚石薄膜光学特性的椭偏法研究[J].真空科学与技术, 2005,25(04):287-289
[72] 周杨; 梁海锋; 严一心,等. 氮化铝薄膜的椭偏法研究[J]. 激光与红外,2007,37(6):545-551
[73] B. Bouchet-Fabre, E. Marino, G. LazarSpectroscopic study using FTIR, Raman, XPS and NEXAFS of carbon nitride thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005,482(22):167-171
[74] S.C.Ray, T.I.T.Okpalugo,P.Papakonstantinou.Electronic structure and hardening mechanism of Si-doped/undoped diamond-like carbon films[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005, 482(2): 242-247
[75] E. C. Samano, G. Soto, A. Olivas and L. Cota DLC thin films characterized by AES, XPS and EELS[J].Applied Surface Science, 2002, 202(2):1-7
[76] 黄卫东,詹如娟. 表面波等离子体沉积类金刚石膜结构的 Raman 光谱和 XPS 分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2003,23(3):512-514
[77] 姚江武. 现代口腔色彩学. 厦门: 厦门大学出版社, 2000. 82-170
[78] 汤顺青. 色度学. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1990: 156-157
[79] Klemetti E,Matela AM,Haag P,et a1.Shade selection perfor reed by novice dental professionals and eolorimeter[J].J Oral RehabiL,2006,33(1):31—35
[80] 冯健亲.色彩[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,1994:58—64.
[81] Donald M. Mattox. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes [J].Metal Finishing,1995,93(1) :387-400
[82] A. P. Malshe, B. S. Park, W. D. Brown et al. A review of techniques for polishing and planarizing chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and substrates[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 1999, 8(7):1198-1213
[83] Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky. Characterization of cascade arc assisted CVD diamond coating technology: Part I. Plasma processing parameters [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005,194(2)344-362
[84] S.Cale. Model predictions of feature-size-dependent step coverages by PVD aluminum:surface diffusion [J]. Thin Solid Films, 1991, 206(10): 54-58
[85] X. -Y. Liu, M. S. Daw, J. D. Kress, D. E. Hanson, V. Arunachalam, D. Ion solid surface interactions in ionized copper physical vapor deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2002, 422(20):141-149
[86] R L Boxman. Interferometric measurement of electron and vapour densities in ahigh-current vacuum arc[J]. J Appl Phys, 1974,45(11):4835–4846
[87] 王浩,邹积岩,杨磊. 真空电弧沉积簿膜厚度分布计算[J]. 应用科学学报,1995,13(3):339-345
[88] 吴汉基,冯学章,庞红勋,刘文喜,等. 脉冲真空电弧镀的实验研究[J].真空,1999,10(3):276-281
[89] D. Franta, L. Zají ková, I. Ohlídal. Optical characterization of diamond-like carbon films using multi-sample modification of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry [J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2002, 11(1): 105-117
[90] D. Sheeja, B. K. Tay, S. P. Lau and Xu ShiTribological properties and adhesive strength of DLC coatings prepared under different substrate bias voltages[J].Wear, 2001, 249 (5): 433 -439
[91] 蔡长龙,王季梅,杭凌侠,等. 类金刚石薄膜硬度的研究[J].表面技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[92] 杭凌侠,蔡长龙,弥谦,等. 脉冲碳等离子体源发射特性研究[J]. 西安工业学院学报,2003,23(4):289-293
[93] G. Fanchini. Growth and characterisation of polymeric amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films from propane[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2005, 14(7):928-933
[94] Y.Q. Pan and Y. Yin. Diamond-like carbon films with End-Hall ion source enhanced chemical vapour deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials, 2007, 16(2):220-224
[95] D. Chicot, Y. Bénarioua and J. Lesage. Hardness measurements of Ti and TiC multilayers: a model[J].Thin Solid Films, 2000, 359(31):228-235
[96] Mikami, H. Nakazawa, M. Kudo et al. Effects of hydrogen on film properties of diamond-like carbon films prepared by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using hydrogen gas[J].Thin Solid Films, 2005, 488(22): 87-92
[97] H. Kim, D.H. Jung, B. Park,et al.The effect of the substrate bias voltage and the deposition pressure on the properties of diamond-like carbon produced by inductivelycoupled plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005,193(1):255-258
[98] Jin-Bao Wu, Jia-Jen Chang, Mei-Yi Li, et al. Characterization of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by pulsed bias cathodic vacuum arc deposition [J].Thin Solid Films, 2007, 516(3):243-247
[99] Y.S. Zou, Q.M. Wang, H. Du, et al. Structural characterization of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon films deposited by arc ion plating[J].Applied Surface Science, 2005, 241(15):295-302
[100] John C. Angus.Diamond and diamond-like films[J].Thin Solid Films, Volume 216, 1992, 216(28):126-133
[101] D..Franceschini.Growth and properties of plasma-deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen films [J].Thin Films and Nanostructures, 2002, 30(2): 217-276
[102] D. B. Marshall, M. C. Shaw and W. L. Morris.Measurement of interfacial debonding and sliding resistance in fiber reinforced intermetallics [J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1992,40(3):443-454
[103] M. C. Shaw, D. B. Marshall, B. J. Evans Fatigue crack growth and stress redistribution at interfaces [J].Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1994,42(12):4091-4099
[104] 李天应(LITianying).物理实验(PhysicalExperiment)[M]武汉:华中理工大学出版社(Wuhan:Press of Huazhong University of Science&Technology), 1995. 2228.
[105] Sunil K. Pal, Jiechao Jiang,Efstathios I. Meletis.Effects of N-doping on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological behavior of Cr-DLC films [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007, 201(25):7917-7923
[106] M. Guerino, M. Massi, R.D. Mansano.The influence of nitrogen and fluorine on the dielectric constant of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films [J].Microelectronics Journal, 2007, 38(9):915-918
[107] Ana Paula Mousinho and Ronaldo Domingues MansanoInfluence of the plasma parameters and nitrogen addition on the electrical characteristics of DLC films deposited by inductively coupled plasma deposition[J].Applied Surface Science, 2007,254(31):189-192
[108] Hare Ram Aryal, Sudip Adhikari, Sunil Adhikary,et al. Characteristics of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon thin films grown by microwave surface-wave plasma CVD[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2006, 15(11):1906-1908
[109] Y. Pauleau and F. ThièryDeposition and characterization of nanostructured metal/carbon composite films [J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, 180(1):313-322
[110] Francis E. Kennedy, David Lidhagen, Ali Erdemir Tribological behavior of hard carbon coatings on steel substrates[J].Wear, 2003,255(12):854-858
[111] 张玉梅,郭天文,李佐臣.钛及钛合金在口腔科应用的研究方向. [J]生物医学工程学杂志,2000,17(2):208.
[112] Maitz MF, Gago R, Abendroth B, et al. Hemocompatibility of low-friction boron-carbon-nitrogen containing coatings[J].J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2006 ,77(1):179-87.
[113] Harzer W, Schroter A, Gedrange T, et al. Sensitivity of titanium brackets to the corrosive influence of fluoride-containing toothpaste and tea[J]. Angle Orthod, 2001,71(4):318-23.
[114] Ozeki K, Kobayashi S, Hirakuri KK,et al. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment improves the wear properties of a diamond-like carbon film coated on UHMWPE and PMMA for biomaterials. Biomed Mater Eng, 2007;17(3):175-82.
[115] Kim SK, Lee JB, Koak JY, et al. An abutment screw loosening study of a Diamond Like Carbon-coated CP titanium implant[J].J Oral Rehabil,2005, 32 (5):346-50.
[116] Bolton J, Hu X. In vitro corrosion testing of PVD coatings applied to a surgical grade Co-Cr-Mo alloy[J].J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2002,13(6):567-74.
[117] Wang J, Pan C, Li P. The effect of surface free energy parameters of diamond-like carbon films deposited on medical polyethylene terephthalate on bacterial adhesion[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2006, 23(2): 342~345
[118] Frolov VD, Karabutov AV, Pimenov SM, et al. Field electron emission and nanostructural correlations for diamond and related materials [J].Ultramicroscopy, 2003 ,95(1-4):99-105.
[119] Janotta M, Rudolph D, Kueng A, et al. Analysis of corrosion processes at the surface of diamond-like carbon protected zinc selenide waveguides [J].Langmuir,2004,28 (20):8634 -40
[120] M.Nakagawa. Effects of fluride concentration and PH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental materials [J]. J Dent Res.1999,78(9):1568
[121] Fraleigh CM, Elhaney JHM, Heiser RA. Toothbrushing force study[J].J Dent Res, 1999, 78(9):1568
[122] Chen H, Yi M, Xu K, etal. Bonding strengths of PCVD films under cyclic loading [J].Surface and coating Technology, 1995,74(75):253-258.
[123] Lassila L V,Vallittu P K.Effect of water and artificial saliva on the low cycle fatigue resistance of chromium dental alloy[J].J Dent Res,1998,80(4): 708 -713
[124] 曹洪喜.牙科金属与合金材料的腐蚀性能研究[J]国外医学口腔医学分册,2002,27(2):86～88.
[125] Ricardo A. Zavanelli, Guilherme E. Pessanha Henriques, Itamar Ferreira. Corrosion-fatigue life of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in different storage environments [J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000, 84(3): 274-279.
[126] A.C. Vieira, A.R. Ribeiro, L.A. Rocha et al. Influence of pH and corrosion inhibitors onthe tribocorrosion of titanium in artificial saliva[J].Wear,2006, 261(20):994-1001
[127] Yoshiki Oshida, Cory B. Sellers, Kawther Mirza,et al. Corrosion of dental metallic materials by dental treatment agents[J].Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 25(3):343-348
[128] Yong-Jin Seo. A study on the correlation between electrochemical corrosion and chemical mechanical polishing performance of W and Ti film [J].Microelectronic Engineering, 2007,12(84):2769-2774
[129] M. Karthega, V. Raman. Influence of potential on the electrochemical behaviour of β titanium alloys in Hank’s solution [J].Acta Biomaterialia, 2007, 3(6): 1019 -1023
[130] Xiaoji Li, Jianqiu Wang, En-hou Han and Wei Ke Influence of fluoride and chloride on corrosion behavior of NiTi orthodontic wires[J].Acta Biomaterialia,2007,3(5):807-815
[131] Jiehe Sui, Wei Cai and Liancheng Zhao Surface modification of NiTi alloys using diamond-like carbon (DLC) fabricated by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID)Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2006, 248(1): 67-70
[132] Sérgio Luiz de Assis.Corrosion characterization of titanium alloys by electrochemical techniques[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 51 (8):1815-1819
[133] Riev J Friction and Wear on Implant Materials. Biomaterials,1994 (12):139-144
[134] Browne M, Gregson DJ, Surface Modification of Titanium Alloy Implants. Biomaterials,l994(15):894-898
[135] Kononer Mo Lavonius. SME observiation on stress Corrosion. Crucking of Commercially Pure titanium in a topiocal Fluoride Solution [J].Dental Materials,1995(11):269
[136] D. Sheeja, B. K. Tay, S. P. Lau. Tribological characterisation of diamond-like carbon coatings on Co–Cr–Mo alloy for orthopaedic applications[J].Surface and CoatingsTechnology, 146-147 (2001) 410.
[137] K.N.Strafford. The efficiency of uncoated and coated tool systems in the machining of low carbon steel assessed through cutting force measurements[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, (1995)706-711
[138] S. Kobayashi, Y. Ohgoe, K. Ozeki.et al. Diamond-like carbon coatings on orthodontic archwires[J]. Diamond and Related Materials,2005,14(3):1091
[139] D.K.Owens, R.C.Wendt. Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers[J].Appl.Polym, 1969, 13(6):1741.
[140] M.Zenkiewicz. Adhesion and Modification of surface layer of Macromolecular materials.Scientific-Technical Publishers, 2000:125.
[141] A.V.Pocius.Adhesion and adhesive Technology.An Introduction, First ed.Hanser Publishers, 1997:121.
[142] 段媛媛,王忠义,沈丽娟,张寿华.唾液获得性膜对不同桥体材料表面自由能的影响[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2003,13(9):495～497
[143] Q. Zhao, Y. Liu, E.W. Abel. Surface energy. Colloid Interf, 2004: 174.
[144] Satou J. Strptococcal adherence on various restorative materials[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(3):588～591.
[145] Junji Shirafuji. Wettability of diamond like carbon coating [J].Diamond and Related Materials, 1996, 5(1):706.
[146] 茅东升。无氢非晶金刚石薄膜的制备及电子场发射性能研究.中国科学院上海冶金所博士论文.2000:71.
[147] Teughels W, Van Assche N, Sliepen I,et al.Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development[J].Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006,17(12):68-81
[148] 张振庭.口腔微生物在义齿材料表面黏附的研究近况[J].北京口腔医学,1996,4(4):175-177
[149] Radford DR, Challacombe SJ, Walter JD.Denture plaque and adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials in vivo and in vitro[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1999,10(1):99-116
[150] Catalan A, Pacchier J, Kengt-Jent, et al[J]. J prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-5
[151] 周学东 ,肖晓蓉.口腔微生物学 M. 成都:四川大学出版社 ,2001.
[152] Monsenegod,Ellis JA,Stebing M,et al [J]. J Oral Rehabilitation, 2000,27:708-11.
[153] M.Ishihara,T.Antibacterial activity of fluorine incorporated DLC films[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2006,15(8):1011 -1014
[154] S.C.H. Kwok, W. Zhang, G.J. Wan,et al. Hemocompatibility and anti-bacterial properties of silver doped diamond-like carbon prepared by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007,16(4): 1353-1360
[155] 闫召民,郭天文,余建军,潘会波. 电解电压对钛阳极氧化色彩的影响[J].使用口腔医学杂志,2001,17(6):530-532
[156] A. Hu, I. Alkhesho, H. Zhou et al.Optical and microstructural properties of diamond-like carbon films grown by pulsed laser deposition[J].Diamond and Related Materials,2007, 16 (1):149-154
[157] Zhijun Qiao, Jiajun Li, Naiqin Zhao. Structural evolution and Raman study of nanocarbons from diamond nanoparticles[J].Chemical Physics Letters, 2006, 429(6): 479-482
[158] 大田登著,刘中本译.色彩工学.第 1 版.西安:西安交通大学出版社出版.1997:121 一 124.
[159] 郭廉夫张继华著.色彩美学.第 1 版.西安:陕西人民艺术出版社.1992: 14-207
[160] 孙少宣主编.口腔医学美学.第一版.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1994: 16-21
[161] Nicholas P. Ziats, Kathleen M. Miller and James M. Anderson.In vitro and in vivo interactions of cells with biomaterials[J].Biomaterials, 1988, 9(1):5-13
[162] G?ran Sj?gren, Gaynour Sletten and Jon E. Dahl Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals,and ceramics assessed by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests[J].The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000, 84(2): 229-236
[163] 李超宏,王贻宁,吴忠荣.全口义齿满意度调查表的设计与研究[J].口腔医学纵横,1999,15(3):163-163
[164] 赵西贵.可摘局部义齿在戴牙过程中常见的问题几处理[J].实用口腔医学杂志,1995,11(3):231-232
[165] 徐侃 张富强 徐宏等. 全口义齿着色问题初步探讨[J].上海口腔医学 2000,9(1):21-22
[166] S. Canay, N.. Evaluation of titanium in oral conditions and its electrochemical corrosion behaviour [J].Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 1998, 25:759 -764
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |