牛胎盘免疫活性肽提取与酶法制备研究
|
摘要
牛胎盘含有丰富的生物活性物质,是乳品企业开发利用的重要资源。对其它来源的免疫活性肽已经有广泛的研究,但对牛胎盘免疫活性肽的开发利用研究不多。因此有必要对牛胎盘免疫活性肽进行分离纯化,并深入探讨牛胎盘免疫活性肽的理化性质,体内外的免疫作用,为牛胎盘及其免疫活性肽的开发利用提供理论基础。
本论文首先研究了不同提取缓冲液、提取方式和提取条件对牛胎盘水溶性蛋白提取率的影响。确定磷酸盐缓冲液在一次提取条件下的最佳提取参数是温度20℃,时间2h, pH 7.2,料液比1:2 (w/v)。应用超滤在操作压力0.10MPa和操作时间60min以及纳滤在压力0.6MPa和时间90min的条件下对提取的蛋白质溶液进行分离,纳滤分离得到的产物得率为299.4mg/100g原料(湿基以蛋白质计)。纳滤产物经活性检测表明具有显著的免疫调节活性。
依据淋巴细胞增殖实验作为筛选具有免疫调节活性成分的手段,对纳滤产物中具有免疫调节活性的肽进行DEAE Sepharose CL-6B阴离子交换色谱、Sephadex G-25体积排阻色谱以及Sephasil C18反相高效液相色谱的纯化,得到具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖能力的反相层析组分4。该组分利用反相色谱和毛细管电泳鉴定为单一峰,证明其为纯品。
对具有免疫调节活性的反相层析组分4的结构、理化性质和贮藏稳定性进行研究。采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱、毛细管等电聚焦和蛋白质测序仪分别测得相对分子质量为2134、等电点为3.82、部分氨基酸序列为Tyr-X-Phe-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-X-Thr;含糖性质和紫外光谱确定为不含有糖成分的肽;在温度为-20℃时可以贮藏6个月;处理温度≤40℃和pH6-10时具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖活性;对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解不稳定;红外光谱和圆二色谱法确定含有螺旋、折叠、转角以及无规卷曲构象的吸收特征,并且随着处理温度的逐渐提高,其组成不断变化。
根据保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法的免疫功能指标的评价手段,对不同剂量的牛胎盘水溶性免疫活性肽免疫功能的量效关系进行了测定。结果表明,在500mg/kg、50mg/kg和5mg/kg三个剂量,对于正常小鼠组,各给药组小鼠的血清溶血素值、巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和T淋巴细胞增殖活性比阴性对照组明显增强(P<0.01);对于免疫功能低下小鼠组,各给药组小鼠在脾脏指数、胸腺指数、细胞免疫、体液免疫和单核-巨噬细胞免疫方面比模型对照组得到提高,缓解了小鼠免疫力低下的症状。
对于提取水溶性免疫活性肽后富含蛋白质的牛胎盘剩余物料,研究了酶法制备具有免疫调节活性的多肽以及酶解产物在微生物培养基中的应用。采用混合酶(中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)在温度46.4℃,pH8.17,酶比1:1,料水比为1:3,总酶量4000u/g的最佳水解条件下对物料进行水解,得到具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖活性的酶解产物。经RP-HPLC分离纯化酶解产物得到的组分7免疫调节活性最高,其氨基酸序列为Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr或Gly-Gly-Thr-Ser。此外,活性炭脱色的酶解产物制备成替代蛋白胨,应用到微生物培养基中。啤酒酵母在该蛋白胨培养基与沙氏培养基上的生长曲线相仿,延滞期、指数期、稳定期几乎都在同一时段内,而且吸光值非常接近;大肠杆菌在该蛋白胨培养基与肉汤培养基上的生长也较接近。牛胎盘酶解产物作为替代蛋白胨具有很好的应用前景。
Placenta has plentiful functional active materials and is the important resources for dairy corporation. The immunoactive peptides from different resources have been investigated widely. However, the study on immunoactive peptide from bovine placenta is little. To purify the immunoactive peptide from bovine placenta, discuss on the physiochemical characterization and the immune function in vivo/vitro provide the theoretical base for further study on development and utilization of bovine placenta and its immunoactive peptide.
This paper firstly investigates the effect of different extraction buffer, extraction mode and extraction condition on water-soluble protein extraction rate of bovine placenta are studied. The best extraction parameter of phosphate buffer at one step extraction are temperature 20℃, time 2h, pH 7.2, material/solution rate 1:2 (w/v). At 0.10MPa working pressure and 60min working time of ultrafiltration and 0.6MPa and 90min of nanofiltration, the extracted protein solution is purified. The ammount of the sample by nanofiltration is 299.4mg/100g ret material (calculated according to protein). The sample by nanofiltration has significant immunomodulatory activity by determining spleen cell proliferation in vitro.
DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-25 and Sephasil C18 chromatography are used to purify the peptide with immunomodulatory activity in sample by nanofiltration with spleen cell proliferation for detecting immunomodulatory activity. The fraction 4 by RP-HPLC has significant immunomodulatory activity, shows single peak and is purity as detected by reverse phase chromatogrhphy and capillary electrophoresis.
The structure, physical and chemical characterization and stability of the fraction 4 by RP-HPLC with immunomodulatory activity are studied. MALDI-TOF-MS, capillary isoelectric focusing and protein sequencer show that its relative molecular mass is 2134, pI is 3.82 and partial amino acid sequence is Tyr-X-Phe-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-X-Thr. It is peptide without carbohydrate as detected by phenol-sulphate reaction and ultraviolet chromatography. It can keep 6 months at -20℃; it has significant immunomodulatory activity at≤40℃and pH6-10. It is unstable to pepsin and trypsin hydrolyzation. It has the absorbance characterization ofα-helical,β-sheet,β-turn and nonregular coil and composition changs with the improved treating temperature as detected by the infrared spectrogram and circular dichroism.
According to the immune function index of health food function, the relationship between amount and immunomodulatory function is studied at different dosage. Results show that at 500mg/kg、50mg/kg and 5mg/kg, for the normal mice, CH50, phagolytic activity of phagocyte and lymphocyte proliferation of the mice taking the water-soluble immunoactive peptide improve significantly (P<0.01) as compared with the mice not taking; and for the low immune function mice, spleen index, thymus index, cell immunity, body liquid immunity and monocyte-macrophage immunity of the mice taking the water-soluble immunoactive peptide improved as compared with model mice, this relaxes the low immune symptom.
For the waste material of bovine placenta with plentiful protein after extracting the water-soluble immunoactive peptide, the immunoactive peptide prepared through protease hydrolyzing material and the hydrolysate used in medium are studied. At the optimal hydrolyzing condition of temperature 46.4℃, pH8.17,enzyme ratio 1:1, material/solution 1:3, total enzyme 4000u/g, the waste of bovine placenta is hydrolyzed by the mixed protease (neutral protease and trypsin) and got the hydrolysate with immunomodulatory activity. The hydrolysate is purified by RP-HPLC and fraction 7 has the highest immunomodulatory activity. Its amino acid sequence is Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr or Gly-Gly-Thr-Ser. Another, the decolored hydrolysate by active carbon is used to prepare peptone. The growth curves of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the medium with this peptone and the Fluid Saboraud Medium are similar. The delay phase, index phase and stable phase are almost at the same time, and the absorbance is close. The growth of Escherichia coli on the medium with this peptone and Fluid Broth Medium is relatively close. The peptone made by bovine placenta hydrolysate has well application prospect.
本论文首先研究了不同提取缓冲液、提取方式和提取条件对牛胎盘水溶性蛋白提取率的影响。确定磷酸盐缓冲液在一次提取条件下的最佳提取参数是温度20℃,时间2h, pH 7.2,料液比1:2 (w/v)。应用超滤在操作压力0.10MPa和操作时间60min以及纳滤在压力0.6MPa和时间90min的条件下对提取的蛋白质溶液进行分离,纳滤分离得到的产物得率为299.4mg/100g原料(湿基以蛋白质计)。纳滤产物经活性检测表明具有显著的免疫调节活性。
依据淋巴细胞增殖实验作为筛选具有免疫调节活性成分的手段,对纳滤产物中具有免疫调节活性的肽进行DEAE Sepharose CL-6B阴离子交换色谱、Sephadex G-25体积排阻色谱以及Sephasil C18反相高效液相色谱的纯化,得到具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖能力的反相层析组分4。该组分利用反相色谱和毛细管电泳鉴定为单一峰,证明其为纯品。
对具有免疫调节活性的反相层析组分4的结构、理化性质和贮藏稳定性进行研究。采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱、毛细管等电聚焦和蛋白质测序仪分别测得相对分子质量为2134、等电点为3.82、部分氨基酸序列为Tyr-X-Phe-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-X-Thr;含糖性质和紫外光谱确定为不含有糖成分的肽;在温度为-20℃时可以贮藏6个月;处理温度≤40℃和pH6-10时具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖活性;对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解不稳定;红外光谱和圆二色谱法确定含有螺旋、折叠、转角以及无规卷曲构象的吸收特征,并且随着处理温度的逐渐提高,其组成不断变化。
根据保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法的免疫功能指标的评价手段,对不同剂量的牛胎盘水溶性免疫活性肽免疫功能的量效关系进行了测定。结果表明,在500mg/kg、50mg/kg和5mg/kg三个剂量,对于正常小鼠组,各给药组小鼠的血清溶血素值、巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和T淋巴细胞增殖活性比阴性对照组明显增强(P<0.01);对于免疫功能低下小鼠组,各给药组小鼠在脾脏指数、胸腺指数、细胞免疫、体液免疫和单核-巨噬细胞免疫方面比模型对照组得到提高,缓解了小鼠免疫力低下的症状。
对于提取水溶性免疫活性肽后富含蛋白质的牛胎盘剩余物料,研究了酶法制备具有免疫调节活性的多肽以及酶解产物在微生物培养基中的应用。采用混合酶(中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)在温度46.4℃,pH8.17,酶比1:1,料水比为1:3,总酶量4000u/g的最佳水解条件下对物料进行水解,得到具有显著的促进淋巴细胞增殖活性的酶解产物。经RP-HPLC分离纯化酶解产物得到的组分7免疫调节活性最高,其氨基酸序列为Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr或Gly-Gly-Thr-Ser。此外,活性炭脱色的酶解产物制备成替代蛋白胨,应用到微生物培养基中。啤酒酵母在该蛋白胨培养基与沙氏培养基上的生长曲线相仿,延滞期、指数期、稳定期几乎都在同一时段内,而且吸光值非常接近;大肠杆菌在该蛋白胨培养基与肉汤培养基上的生长也较接近。牛胎盘酶解产物作为替代蛋白胨具有很好的应用前景。
Placenta has plentiful functional active materials and is the important resources for dairy corporation. The immunoactive peptides from different resources have been investigated widely. However, the study on immunoactive peptide from bovine placenta is little. To purify the immunoactive peptide from bovine placenta, discuss on the physiochemical characterization and the immune function in vivo/vitro provide the theoretical base for further study on development and utilization of bovine placenta and its immunoactive peptide.
This paper firstly investigates the effect of different extraction buffer, extraction mode and extraction condition on water-soluble protein extraction rate of bovine placenta are studied. The best extraction parameter of phosphate buffer at one step extraction are temperature 20℃, time 2h, pH 7.2, material/solution rate 1:2 (w/v). At 0.10MPa working pressure and 60min working time of ultrafiltration and 0.6MPa and 90min of nanofiltration, the extracted protein solution is purified. The ammount of the sample by nanofiltration is 299.4mg/100g ret material (calculated according to protein). The sample by nanofiltration has significant immunomodulatory activity by determining spleen cell proliferation in vitro.
DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-25 and Sephasil C18 chromatography are used to purify the peptide with immunomodulatory activity in sample by nanofiltration with spleen cell proliferation for detecting immunomodulatory activity. The fraction 4 by RP-HPLC has significant immunomodulatory activity, shows single peak and is purity as detected by reverse phase chromatogrhphy and capillary electrophoresis.
The structure, physical and chemical characterization and stability of the fraction 4 by RP-HPLC with immunomodulatory activity are studied. MALDI-TOF-MS, capillary isoelectric focusing and protein sequencer show that its relative molecular mass is 2134, pI is 3.82 and partial amino acid sequence is Tyr-X-Phe-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-X-Thr. It is peptide without carbohydrate as detected by phenol-sulphate reaction and ultraviolet chromatography. It can keep 6 months at -20℃; it has significant immunomodulatory activity at≤40℃and pH6-10. It is unstable to pepsin and trypsin hydrolyzation. It has the absorbance characterization ofα-helical,β-sheet,β-turn and nonregular coil and composition changs with the improved treating temperature as detected by the infrared spectrogram and circular dichroism.
According to the immune function index of health food function, the relationship between amount and immunomodulatory function is studied at different dosage. Results show that at 500mg/kg、50mg/kg and 5mg/kg, for the normal mice, CH50, phagolytic activity of phagocyte and lymphocyte proliferation of the mice taking the water-soluble immunoactive peptide improve significantly (P<0.01) as compared with the mice not taking; and for the low immune function mice, spleen index, thymus index, cell immunity, body liquid immunity and monocyte-macrophage immunity of the mice taking the water-soluble immunoactive peptide improved as compared with model mice, this relaxes the low immune symptom.
For the waste material of bovine placenta with plentiful protein after extracting the water-soluble immunoactive peptide, the immunoactive peptide prepared through protease hydrolyzing material and the hydrolysate used in medium are studied. At the optimal hydrolyzing condition of temperature 46.4℃, pH8.17,enzyme ratio 1:1, material/solution 1:3, total enzyme 4000u/g, the waste of bovine placenta is hydrolyzed by the mixed protease (neutral protease and trypsin) and got the hydrolysate with immunomodulatory activity. The hydrolysate is purified by RP-HPLC and fraction 7 has the highest immunomodulatory activity. Its amino acid sequence is Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr or Gly-Gly-Thr-Ser. Another, the decolored hydrolysate by active carbon is used to prepare peptone. The growth curves of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the medium with this peptone and the Fluid Saboraud Medium are similar. The delay phase, index phase and stable phase are almost at the same time, and the absorbance is close. The growth of Escherichia coli on the medium with this peptone and Fluid Broth Medium is relatively close. The peptone made by bovine placenta hydrolysate has well application prospect.
引文
1.孙刚.胎盘内分泌的基础与临床[M]:北京:第二军医大学出版社, 2001
2. Enders A C and Carter A M. What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us?-A review. Placenta, 2004, 25(supplement): S3-S9
3.姚楠.胎盘口服液的制备和质量控制[J].中成药, 1989, 4(11): 120
4.吴凌,王国良,崔星.牛胎盘粉的质量检测[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2001, 4: 43-44
5. Muralidhar R V and Panda T. Useful products from human placenta. Bioprocess Eng, 1999, 20: 23-25
6.杨桂芹.鹿胎制剂对老年大鼠的保健功能及其作用机理的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2005
7. Uszynski M and Folejewska R U. Plasmmogen activator and urokmase inhibitor in mvometrium, placenta, and amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1969, 105(7): 1041-1043
8. Ng T B. Biological and immunological activities of bovine placental gonadotropin.Biochem. Mol Biol Int, 1993, 31(6): 1149-1156
9. Henry F. Further purification and characterization of a placenta protein with immunological similarity to human growth hormone. Nature, 1965, 208: 1214-1215
10. Parhon L. Oxytocic and tocogenic functions of the placenta. Obstet Gynecol, 1969, 17(4): 429-434
11. Otsuka K. Free and conjugated steroids in normal placenta. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi, 1969, 81(1-2): 101-111
12. Suyama T, Isaka K, Shirakawa H. Injectable iysozyme aspartate from human placentas [P]. Japan Patent, 71 41591. 1971
13. Hata A. Immunological studies of histaminase for the identification of the kind of blood. I. Purification of histaminase from human placenta. Japanese J Legalmedicine, 1971, 25(2): 120-125
14. Uszynskim M and Maloflejew M. Kininase activity in the human placenta. Biochem Hannaeology, 1971, 20(11): 3211-3212
15. Millan J L. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human placental alkaline phosphatase. J Biol Chem, 1986, 261(7): 3112
16. Hanson H, Mannsfeldt G H. Biochemical study of serum oxytocinase. Novaacta Leopoldina, 1971, 36(200): 45
17. Sereda V. Interferon obtained from human placenta. Obrazov Deistvie Interferona, Mater, Simp.“Ingibitory virusov”, 1970: 207-210
18. Paulesu L, Bocci V, King A, et al. Immunocyto-chemical localization of interferons in human trophoblast populations. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 1991, 4: 81
19. Shuratov L, Zhumatov K Z, Bekirov S B, et al. Determination of the macromolecular strucure of a thermobibileβ-inhibitor in human placental serums. Izvestiia Akademii nauk Kirgizskoi SSR. Seriia Biologicheskikh Nauk, 1971, 9(4): 52-55
20. Georgieva R, Michova A, Tchemov A, et al. Fractionation and partial characterization of immunomodulatory substances isolated from trophoblast of epitheliochorial placenta. Compt RendAcad Bul Sci, 2000, 53(1): 93-96
21. Filla M S, Zhang C X, Kaul K L. A potential transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine circuit in placental cytotrophoblasts. Cell Growth Differ, 1993, 4: 387-393
22.苏是煌,林志和,陈北阳,等.紫河车对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用[J].湖南中医杂志, 1993, 9(6): 44-46
23.韩彩芝,余素清,魏丽君,等.紫河车的免疫调节作用[J].河北中医, 1996,18(2): 34-35
24.崔玉丹,蔡英姬,金河奎,等.胎盘粉制剂的免疫试验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2001, 7(3): 29-31
25.谭建华,马海东.梅花鹿脂质对果蝇寿命的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 1994, 14(3): 303
26.吴梧桐,高向东.猪胎盘多糖的分离纯化及其对脾淋巴细胞的诱导作用[J].生物化学杂志, 1990, 6(2): 111
27.钱东生,姚姝恒.胎盘口服液药效学实验研究[J].南通医学院学报, 1995,15(3): 384-386
28.章生银.紫河车对小鼠学习记忆的影响[J].上海实验动物科学, 2001, 21(1): 45-46
29.李鲁龙,刘月文,于学军.牛胎盘营养成分的分析[J].中国乳品工业, 2000, 28(1): 39-40
30. Guigon M. Cytogenetics of tumor progression. Cancer Res, 1982, 42(2): 167-172
31. Lawrence H S. Experimental study of the placental immunoregulation factor. Immunol, 1990, 11(2):195-201
32.丰慧根,李延兰,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节肽的抗肿瘤作用[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1998, 19(2): 82-83
33.丰慧根,李延兰,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节因子联合化疗药物抗肿瘤作用的研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1999, 20(3): 129-130
34. Angelucci C, Lama G, Sica G. The growth of malignant and nonmalignant human cells is modulated by a human placental extract. Anticancer Res, 1999, 19(1A): 429-436.
35.王亮.新生小鼠表皮细胞的培养[J].日用化学工业, 2001, 1: 61-62
36.顾小璐.高级胎盘收敛性化妆水的研制[J].日用化学工业, 1993, 3: 220-223
37.董泉洲、尚尔和,王小惠,等.羊胎盘营养液的制备及其在化妆品中的应用[J].日用化学工业, 1998, (1): 12-13
38.杨秀芳,许牡丹,吴明鑫.活化羊胎素的提取与应用开发[J].宝鸡文理学院学报, 1999, 19(1): 78-80
39. Datta P, Bhattacharyya D. Spectroscopic and chromatographic evidences of NADPH in human placental extract used as wound healer. J. Pharm Biomed Analysis, 2004, 34(5): 1091-1098
40. Datta P, Bhattacharyya D. Isolation of fibronectin type III like peptide from human placental extract used as wound healer. J Chromato B, 2005, 818(1): 67-73
41.安藤义隆,安藤裕.牛胎盘抽出细胞代谢活性化物质[P].日本专利, 5-71600. 1993
42.吕鹏月,李定格,石俊英,等.中药紫河车与猪、牛、羊胎盘补血作用的药理实验研究[J].山东医药工业, 2002, 21(5): 51-52
43. Liu K X, Kato Y, Kaku T, et al. Human placental extract stimulates liver regeneration in rats. Bio Pharm Bull, 1998, 21(1): 44-49
44.黄维亮,谢元林,常伟红,等.紫河车促肝细胞生长的研究[J].中西医结合肝病杂志, 2004,14(6): 357-359
45.王勇,郎刚华,张振宇,等.人胎盘肝细胞生长因子的提纯及其特性[J].青岛医学院学报., 1996, 32(2): 118-120
46.方廖琼,魏泓,苏晔,等.羊胎粉与灵芝多糖抗辐射功能协同效应的试验研究[J].食品科学, 2003, 24(7): 118-120
47. Ushizawa K, Kaneyama K, Takahashi T, et al. Clong and expression of a new member of prolactin-related protein in bovine placenta: bovine prolactin-related protein-VII. Biochem Biophy Res Commun,2005, 326: 435-441
48. Hoffmann B, Schuler G. The bovine placenta; a source and target of steroid hormones: observations during the second half of gestation. Domestic Anim Endocrin,2002, 23: 309-320
49. Greven H, Kowalewski M P, Hoffmann B, et al. Bovine placental steroid sulphatase: molecular cloning and expression pattern in placentomes during gestation and at parturition. Placenta. (in press)
50. Kizaki K, Yamada O, Nakano H, et al. Cloning and localization of Heparanase in bovine placenta. Placenta,2003, 24(4): 424-430
51. Kankofer M., Wierciński J. Prostaglandin E29-keto reductase from bovine term placenta. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids,1999, 61(1): 29-32
52. Hashizume K, Takahashi T, Hirako M, et al. Matrixmetalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases production in bovine placenta and uterine tissues during early pregnancy. Theriogenology,1997, 47(1): 323
53. Schauser K, Nielsen A H, Winther H, et al. The bovine placenta and fetal membranes contain high densities of angiotensin II subtype 2 (AT2) receptors. Placenta, 17(5-6): A40
54. Cho S W, Cho E H, Choi S Y. Ginsenosides activate DNA polymeraseδfrom bovine placenta. Life Sci, 1995, 57(14): 1359-1365
55. Pontarolo R, Duarte J H, Lacombe FeijóM A. Some structural studies on the galactose-containing polysaccharide from bovine placenta. Placenta, 1993, 14(4): 439-448
56. Martyn P, Smith D L, Adams J B. Properties of fatty acyl-coenzyme A: estradiol-17βacyltransferase in bovine placenta microsomes. Mol Cellular Endo, 1988, 60(1): 7-13
57. Hon W K, Ng T B. Presence of corticotropin-like and opiate-like hormones in rat and bovine placental tissues. Comp Biochem Physi Part C: Comp Pharm, 1986, 84(2): 277-281
58.吴凌,王国良,崔星,等.牛胎盘粉的质量检测[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2001, 4: 43-44
59.李鲁龙,于学军.牛胎盘营养成分分析[J].中国乳品工业, 2000, 28(1): 39-40
60.陈晓萍.酶水解法加工牛胎盘的工艺研究[J].科技通报, 2001, 17(6): 67-70
61.朗刚华,王勇.牛胎盘中肝细胞生长因子的生物学特性[J].青岛海洋大学学报, 1998, 28(2): 288-292
62.朗刚华,王勇.牛胎盘肝细胞生长因子的纯化[J].青岛医学院学报, 1995, 31(4): 273-276
63.刘万臣,汪玉松.乳牛胎盘硷性磷酸酶的提纯和性质[J].兽医大学学报, 1989, 9(2): 150-154
64.朱梅,许梓荣.牛胎盘催乳素(bPL)的研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2000, 10: 19-22
65.牟德华,李艳.牛胎盘生物活性物质的研究进展[J].河北工业科技, 2006, 23: 120-123
66.牟德华,商宪库.牛胎盘中免疫调节因子的提取过程研究[J].河北工业科技, 2006, 23: 269-270
67.周国华,浩洪龙.牛和羊胎盘肽的制备及其生物活性的研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2006, 27: 172-174
68.张丽君,乔传卓.中药紫河车和几种动物胎盘及其加工品中孕酮、HCG、HPL的含量比较[J].第二军医大学学报, 1994, 15(2): 187-189
69.张丽君,乔传卓,余慕婉.紫河车和几种动物胎盘及其加工品的放射免疫分析评价[J].中药材, 1995, 18(12): 622-623
70.刘玉芹,石俊英,吕鹏月.紫河车及其混淆品的鉴别研究[J].中国药学杂志, 1998, 33(10): 585-587
71.刘玉芹,黄贤荣,吕鹏月,等.紫河车及其混淆品的电泳鉴别[J].中药材, 1997, 20(11): 557-558
72.古今,刘萍,李外.紫河车及其伪品羊胎盘的高效毛细管电泳鉴别[J].军医进修学院学报, 2006, 27(1):46-47
73.李奋儒.紫河车与羊胎盘的鉴别[J].中药材, 1997, 20(6): 295-296
74.吕鹏月.紫河车及其代用品的药理学与质量评价研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东中医药大学. 2004
75.白玉.人胎盘多肽的分离纯化及其活性的初步研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]:沈阳药科大学, 2003
76. Blanca H L, Ana Q, Lourdes A, et al. Identification of bioactive peptides after digestion of human milk and infant formula with pepsin and pancreatin. Inter Dairy J, 2007, 17(1): 42-49
77. Gauthier S F, Pouliot Y, Sauveur D S. Immunomodulatory peptides obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins. Inter Dairy J, 2006, 16(11): 1315-1323
78. Korhonen H, Pihlanto A. Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality. Inter Dairy J, 2006, 16(9): 945-960
79.王秋韫,庞广昌,陈庆森.免疫活性肽的研究进展与展望[J].食品科学, 2002,23(7): 136-139
80.周国华.家畜胎盘肽的制备及其生物活性的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].泰安:山东农业大学, 2006
81. Yoshikawa M, Kishi K. Immunostimulating peptide derived from soybean protein. Ann N Y Acad. Sci, 1993, 375-376
82. Iemura Y, Yamada T, Takahashi T, et al. Properties of the peptides liberated from rice protein in Sokujo-moto. J Biosci Bioeng, 1999, 88(3): 276-280
83. Liu J D, Wang S, Qi J J, et al. The immunostimulatory effect of bio-active peptide from pollen on murine and human lymphocytes. Mech Ageing Dev, 1998, 104:125-132
84. Jolles P, Parker F, Floc’h F, et al. Immunostimulating substances from human casein. J Immunopharmacol, 1981, 3: 363-369
85. Schlimme E, Meisel H. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins: Structural, physiological and analytical aspects. Die Nahrng, 1995, 39: 1-20
86. Kayser H, Meisel H. Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by bioactive peptides derived from bovine milk proteins. FEBS Lett, 1996, 383:18-20
87. Migliore-Samour D, Floch F. Biologically active peptides implicated in immunomodulation. J Dairy Res, 1989, 56:357-362
88. Chiba H, Yoshikawa M. Opioid antagonist peptides derived fromκ-casein. J Dairy Res, 1989, 56:363-366
89. Meisel M, Schlimme E. Inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme derived from bovine casein (casokinins), inβ-casomorphins and related peptides: Recent developments. Eds. V. Brantl and H. Teschemacher, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1994, 27-33
90. Brantl V, Techemacher H, Blsig J, et al. Opioid activities ofβ-casomorphins. Life Sci, 1981, 28:1903-1909
91. Caste M. Identification of C-terminal peptides of bovineβ-casein that enhance proliferation of rat lymphocytes. Immunol Lett, 1996, 3:41-46
92. Mullally M, Meisel M, Fitz Gerald R J. Synthetic peptides corresponding toα-lactalbumin andβ-lactoglobulin sequence with angiotensin-I-converting inhibitors activity. Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler, 1996, 377: 259-260
93.张彩梅,张红梅,于业军,等.扇贝多肽对小鼠免疫功能调节的研究[J].中国海洋药物杂志, 2005,24(3): 18-21
94.董文滨,杨兆艳,胡献丽,等.动物蛋白生物活性肽的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发, 2004,25(5): 66-69
95. Misra C K, Das B K, Mukherjee S C, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of tuftsin on the non-specific immune system of Indian Major carp, Labeo rohita. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2006, 20(5): 728-738
96. Berthier L K, Remond G, Visalli M, et al. In vivo immunopharmacological properties of tuftsin and four analogs. Immunopharmacol, 1993, 25(3): 261-267
97. Belokrylov G A, Popova OYa, Molchanova I V, et al. Peptieds and their constituent amino acids influence the immune response and phagocytosis in different ways. Inter J Immunopharmacol, 1992, 14(7): 1285-1292
98. Attia W Y, Badamchian M, Goldstein A L, et al. Thymosin stimulate interleukin-6 production from rat spleen cells in vitro. Immunopharmacol, 1993, 26(2): 171-179
99. Eckert K, Garbin F, Maurer H R. FC63 thymus-peptides restore, in vitro, both primary immunodeficiences and impaired immune cell-mediated antimumor reactions. Eur J Pharmaceutical Sci, 1994, 2(1-2): 116
100. Reddy M M, Grieco M H. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of interleukin-2 and thymosin fraction V in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Inter J Immunopharmacol, 1987, 9(4): 483-488
101.陈栋梁,刘莉,于兰,等.白蛋白多肽对核苷的促吸收及增强小鼠细胞免疫功能的作用[J].食品科学, 2004, 25(1): 163-166
102.陈振德,许童远,庄志铨,等.穿山甲及其炮制品蛋白多肽高效毛细管电泳法鉴定[J].广东药学院学报, 2000,16(4): 302-304
103.石岗,高军羽.生物活性肽在功能食品中的应用[J].食品科技, 2002,7:64-65
104.王倩,王化洲,齐志敏,等.鸡胚口服液免疫调节作用的实验研究.
105.夏桂兰,赵保东,王化洲,等.复方鸡胚参精口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].实用中西医结合杂志, 1998, 11(13): 1154-1155
106.钟英英.天然免疫调节肽的研究概况[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 7(2): 69-72
107.宋长征.小分子肽的化学结构及免疫调节作用[J].生命的科学, 1992, 12(1): 3-4
108. Jmenu E, Holzman R S. Immunoactive production of human placenta. Immunol, 1989, (3): 119-341.
109.刘月新,王勋楚,段茂芳,等.一种新的免疫调节剂-胎盘因子的制备与研究[J].中国免疫学杂志, 1985, 1(5): 51-53
110.张学荣,舒雨雁.胎盘免疫调节因子的实验研究[J].广西科学, 1996,3: 41-44
111.黄楚华,殷学伦.超滤法制备胎盘肽的初步研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1994,15(2): 133-134
112.许代娣,李琪,何树生.胎盘免疫调节因子的制备[J].广西医学, 2001,8: 798-799
113.黄楚华,殷学伦.胎盘肽制剂的理化性质及免疫活性研究[J].药物生物技术, 1995.2(2): 40-42
114.马布仁,李素华,谢松勋,等.胎盘肽免疫活性的实验研究[J].解放军医学杂志, 1988, 13(5): 335
115. Menu E, Holzman R S.Immunoactive production of human placenta. Immunol, 1989,119:341
116. Duc H T, Masse A, Bode P, et al. Deviation of humoral and cellular alloimmune reactions by placental extracts. J Reprod Immunol, 1985, 7:27-39
117. Gupta G S, Kinsky R G, Duc H T, et al. Effects of placental extracts on the immune response to histocompatibility antigens: class deviation of alloantibody response and allograft enhancement. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1984, 6:117-123
118. Djian V, Menu E, Thibault G, et al. Immunoactive products of placenta. V. Immunoregulatory properties of low molecular weight compound obtained from human placental cultures. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1996, 36:11-24
119.丰慧根,杨保胜,苗兴泉,等.胎盘免疫调节肽对化疗小鼠免疫水平的影响[J].新乡医学院学报, 1995, 12(4): 301-303
120.李延兰,丰慧根,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节肽对放疗小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].新乡医学院学报, 1997, 14(3): 272-274
121.王国贤,肖志洁,刘丹平,等.胎盘因子对冷应激小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2001, 22(5): 242-243
122.陆晖,李东霞,张双全.羊胎盘活细胞素对小鼠机体功能的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(4): 85-87
123. Low B G, Hansen P J, Drost M. Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation by ovine placenta-conditioned culture medium. J Reprod Immunol, 1991; 19:25-41
124.刘士山,张子周,朱和平,等.羊胚胎盘功能测试[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2002, 23(5): 236-238
125.苏晔.羊胎素及其免疫调节功能的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].重庆:西南农业大学,2001
126.杨秀芳,许牡丹.活化羊胎素的提取与应用开发[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版), 1999
127.高利臣,钟英英,魏泓.羊胎盘免疫调节因子E花环活性评价的优化[J].免疫学杂志, 2005,21(4): 327-330
128.方廖琼,钟英英,张华,等.羊胎盘免疫调节因子对小鼠体液免疫的影响[J].重庆医科大学学报, 2005,30(3): 356-358
129.葛瑞宏,纪芳,朱蓓薇.羊胎盘肽的研制[J].大连轻工业学院学报, 2003,22(4): 269-272
130. Georgieva R, Stefanov D, Fichorova R, et al. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response. Theriogenology, 1995, 44: 539-551
131. Dimitrova E, Georgieva R, Michova A. Analytical and biochemical characterization of immuno-active substances isolated from porcine fetal placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 1994, 23: 34-38
132. Petraglia F, Georgieva R, Stefanov D, et a1. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1994,78: 205-211.
133.文天秀,窦肇华,李质馨,等.梅花鹿胎盘提取液对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].解剖科学进展, 1999, 5(4): 377
1. Yoshikawa M, Kishi K. Immunostimulating peptide derived from soybean protein. Ann N Y Acad. Sci, 1993, 375-376
2. Jolles P, Parker F, Floc’h F, et al. Immunostimulating substances from human casein. J Immunopharmacol, 1981, 3: 363-369
3. Georgieva R, Stefanov D, Fichorova R, et al. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response.Theriogenology, 1995, 44: 539-551
4.刘月新,王勋楚,段茂芳,等.一种新的免疫调节剂-胎盘因子的制备与研究[J].中国免疫学杂志, 1985, 1(5): 51-53
5.张学荣,舒雨雁.胎盘免疫调节因子的实验研究[J].广西科学, 1996,3: 41-44
6.黄楚华,殷学伦.超滤法制备胎盘肽的初步研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1994,15(2): 133-134
7.许代娣,李琪,何树生.胎盘免疫调节因子的制备[J].广西医学, 2001,8: 798-799
8.陆晖,李东霞,张双全.羊胎盘活细胞素对小鼠机体功能的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(4): 85-87
9.文天秀,窦肇华,李质馨,等.梅花鹿胎盘提取液对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].解剖科学进展, 1999, 5(4): 37
10.陈季旺.米糠蛋白类阿片拮抗肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文]无锡:江南大学食品学院. 2003
11.周凤娟.可溶性丝素蛋白及丝素肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文]无锡:江南大学食品学院. 2004
12. Suarez E, Lobo A, Alvarez-Blanco S, et al. Utilization of nanofiltration membranes for whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate demineralization. Desalination, 2006, 199(1-3): 345-347
13. Poulin J F, Farias M A, Amiot J, et al. Separation of bioactive peptides by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane, 2006, 200(1-3): 620
14. Wei J M, Wang B, Chen J, et al. Theoretical analysis and verification of concertration distribution model in the ultrafiltration process. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 2006, 53(1): 94-100
15. Suarez E, Lobo A, Alvarez S, et al. Partial demineralization of whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate by nanofiltration at pilot-plant scale. Desalination, 2006, 198(1-3): 274-281
16.汪家政,范明主编.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社. 2001
17.师治贤,王俊德编著.生物大分子的液相色谱分离和制备(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
18. Combes C, Paterson E. Isolation of low molecular weight peptides from emmentaler cheese. J Food Sci, 2001, 67(2): 553-559.
19.夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
20. Ahamed T, Ottens M, Nfor B K, et al. Ageneralized approach thermodynamic properties of biomolecules for use in bioseparation process design. Fluid Phase Equilib, 2006,241:268-282
21. Singh P C, Singh R K. Choosing an appropriate bioseparation technique. Trends Food Sci Tech, 1996, 7(2): 49-58
22. Jones C, Patel A, Griffin S, et al. Current trends in molecular recognition and bioseparation. J Chromatogr A, 1995, 707(1): 3-22
23. Hughes D. Applying combinatorial technology to bioseparations. Drug Discovery Today, 1998, 3(2): 50-51
24. Jungbauer A. Chromatographic media for bioseparation. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1065(1): 3-12
25.大连轻工业学院等合编.食品分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1994
26. Georgieva R, Michova A, Tchemov A, et al. Fractionation and partial characterization of immunomodulatory substances isolated from trophoblast of epitheliochorial placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 2000, 53(1): 93-96
27. Djian V, Menu E, Thibault G, et al. Immunoactive products of placenta. V. Immunoregulatory properties of low molecular weight compound obtained from placental cultures. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1996, 36: 11-24
28. Dimitrova E, Georgieva R, Michova A. Analytical and biochemical characterization of immuno-active substances isolated from porcine fetal placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 1994, 23: 34-38
29. Lea R G, Bolton A E. The effect of horse placental tissue extracts and equine chorionic gonadotropin on the proliferation of horse lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. J Reprod Immunol, 1991; 19:13-23
30.陈志阳,王国华,杨敏,等.一种简便、快速检测淋巴细胞增殖的方法[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2000, 21(5): 245-247
31.王国华,程往太,马红燕,等.胎盘提取促淋巴细胞增殖活性及稳定性实验初探[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2001, 22(3): 137-139
32. Niks M, Otto M. Towards an optimized MTT assay. J Immunol Methods, 1990: 130-149
33. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellar growth and survival: application proliferation and cytotoxity assays. J Immunol Methods, 1983, 65(1): 5
34. Twentyman P R. M. Luscombe. A study of some variables in a tetrazolium dye (MTT) based assay for cell growth and chemosensitivity. Br J Cancer, 1987, 56: 279-285
1. Bayerbach R, Nguyen V D, Schurr U, et al. Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin) Part III. Molar mass characteristics by SEC, MALDI-TOF-MS, LDI-TOF-MS, and Py-FIMS. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2006, 77(2): 95-101
2. Yu Y, Hu J, Miyaguchi Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of angiogtensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from porcine hemoglobin. Peptides, 2006, xxx: xxx-xxx
3. Zhou G H, Luo G A, Sun G Q, et al. Characterization of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) by capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary isoeleltric focusing electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2004, 35: 425-432
4. Bo T, Pawliszyn J. Characterization of phospholipid-protein interactions by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole-column imaging detection. Anal Biochem, 2006,350: 91-98
5.许鸣镝,柳雪枚.蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定[J].生物化学杂志, 1997,13(5):586-591
6.夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
7. Smith R D, Joseph A L. New developments in biochemical mass spectrometry: electrospray ionization. Anal Biochem, 1990, 62: 882-889
8.苏俊,张国政,刘忠华,等.蛋白质在分离纯化中保持稳定的方法及应用[J].天津轻工业学院学报, 2002, 40(1): 21-24
9. Je J Y, Park P J, Byun H G, et al. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide derived from the sauce of fermented blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Bioresour Technol, 2005, 96: 1624-1629
10. Ali M F, Knoop F C, Vaudry H, et al. Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex. Peptides, 2003, 24: 955-961
11. Huybrechts J, Clynen E, Baggerman G, et al. Isolation and identification of the AKH III precursor-related peptide from Locusta migratoria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002, 296: 1112-1117
12.谌晓曦,陈卫良,马志超,等.抗水稻纹枯病菌拮抗蛋白质的理化性质研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 1999, 25(5): 491-494
13.金红,李祥瑞,于康震.重组牛白细胞介素-2生物活性单位的测定及其理化性质的分析[J].中国畜禽传染病, 1998, 20(2): 79-82
14.何青芳,陈卫良,马志超.枯草芽孢杆菌A30菌株产生的拮抗肽的分离纯化与理化性质研究[J].中国水稻科学, 2002, 16(4): 361-365
15.董群,郑丽伊,方积年.改良的苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖和寡糖含量的研究[J].中国药学杂志, 1996, 31(9): 550
16.张惟杰主编.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1987
17.吴建平.大豆降压肽的研制[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:无锡轻工大学食品学院. 1998
18.陈季旺.米糠蛋白类阿片拮抗肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2003
19.陈惠黎主编.糖复合物的结构和功能[M].上海:上海医科大学出版社, 1997
20.宫霞.家蝇幼虫抗菌肽结构、性质及其抗菌机理研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2004
21. Wei X, Zeng X G, Zhou H M. Design and stability of a novel coiled-coil peptide. Int J Biol Macromol, 2007, 40(2): 83-86
22. Zhong K, Wu J H, Wang Z F, et al. Inactivation kinetics and secondary structural change of PEF-treated POD and PPO. Food Chem, 2007, 100: 115-123
23. Kulis Jr. M D, Shuker S B. Expression, purification, and refolding of mouse islet neogenesis associated protein-related protein for NMR studies. Protein Expre Puri, 2006, 48: 224-231
24. Choi S M, Ma C Y. Structural characterization of globulin from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) using circular dischroism and Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem, 2007, 102(1): 150-160
25. Zsila F, Matsunaga H, Bikadi Z, et al. Multiple ligand-binding properties of the lipocalin memnber chickenα1-acid glycoprotein studied by circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectroscopy: The essential role of the conserved tryptophan residue. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006, 1760: 1248-1273
26. Kojima S, Kuriki Y, Yazaki K, et al. Stabilization of fibrous structure of anα-helix-forming peptide by sequence reversal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 331: 577-582
27.沈星灿,梁宏,何锡文,等.圆二色光谱分析蛋白质构象的方法及研究进展[J].分析化学, 2004, 32: 388-394
28. Cid H, Bunster M, Arriagada E, et al. Prediction of secondary structure of proteins by means of hydrophobicity profiles. FEBS Lett, 1982, 150(1): 247-254
1.张培军,王琳,张琨,等.保健食品安全评价和功能实验应注意的问题[J].中国卫生工程学, 2002, 1(3): 181
2. Snodin D J. Regulatory immunotoxicology: does the published evidence support mandatory nonclinical immune function screening in drug development? Regul Toxicol Pharm, 2004, 40(3): 336-355
3.严卫星,何来英.《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》的有关技术问题[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 1999, 11(2): 17-21
4. Cavacini L A, Komar J G, Kennel M, et al. Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on cytolytic activityof immunodeficient mice: Implications for xenogeneic transplantation. Cellular Immunol, 1992, 144(2): 296-310
5. Yao C F, Wang L, Cai S Y, et al. Protective effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, You-Gui-Wan, on steroid-induced inhibition of cytokine production in mice. Int Immunopharmacol, 2005, 5(6): 1041-1048
6.周顺长,史宵燕,辛华雯,等.不同途径给以环磷酰胺诱发BALB/c小鼠免疫低下的结果比较[J].实验动物与比较医学, 2006, 26(1): 38-39
7.李业鹏,计融,韩春卉,等.建立小鼠免疫低下模型小鼠的初步研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2001, 13(6): 7-10
8.张蕾,郭红卫,吴岷.建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型的研究[J].环境与职业医学, 2003, 20(2): 95-98
9. Mayumi H, Umesue M, Nomoto K, et al. Cyclophamide-induced immunological tolerance: an overview. Immunobiology, 1996, 195(2): 129-139
10.韩春卉,李业鹏,崔生辉,等.保健食品免疫功能评价的鼠种选择[J].实用医药杂志, 2004, 21(3): 261-262
11.钱东生,姚姝恒.胎盘口服液药效学实验研究[J].南通医学院学报, 1995, 15(3): 384-386
12.刘士山,张子周,朱和平,等.羊胚胎盘肽功能测试[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2002, 23(5): 236-238
13. Simpson M A, Gozza J J. Spectrophotometric determination of lymphocyte mediated sheep red blood cell hemolysion in vitro. J Immunol Meth, 1978, 21(1-2): 159-165
14.马西艺.乳酸杆菌及其肽聚糖的免疫活性研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2004
15. Lau B H S, Yamasaki T. Garlic compound modulate macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions. Mol Biother, 1991, 3: 103-107
16.林清华.巨噬细胞吞噬试验的简单方法[J].微生物学通报, 1988, 15: 127
17. Milton J D, Carpenter C B, Addison I E. Depressed T-cell reactivity and suppressor activity of lymphoid cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Cellular Immunol, 1976, 24: 308-317
18. Lee J K, Byun J A. Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol in Balb/c mice: I. Effect on antibody forming cell, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, splenic subset, and natural killer activity. Toxicol, 2004, 204(1): 1
19. Mosmann T. Rapid colormeric assay cellular growth and survival: application for proliferation and cytodoxicity assays. Immunol Methods, 1983, 65: 55
1. Mabmond M L. Physiochemical and functional properties of protein hydrolysates in nutritional products. Food Technol, 1994, 48(10): 89-94
2. Kjaer S. Use of Hydrolysates for protein supplementation. Food Technol, 1994, 48(10): 86-88
3. Blenford D E. Protein hydrolysates. Functionalities and uses in nutritional products. International Food Ingredients, 1994, 3: 45-49
4. Wu H C, Chen H M, Shiau C Y. Free amino acids and peptides as related to antioxidant properties in protein hydrolysates of mackerel (Scomber austriasicus). Food Res Int, 2003, 36: 949-957
5.陈晓萍.酶水解法加工牛胎盘的工艺研究[J].科技通报, 2001, 17(6): 11
6.王璋编.食品酶学(第一版)[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1990
7.申哲民,张学洪,王文华,等.蛋白质的酶水解过程研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源, 2002, 24(2): 17-18
8.王景薇.功能食品新原料——低分子质量肽[J].浙江食品工业, 1993, 5(1): 1-5
9. Vázquez J A, González M P, Murado M A. Peptones from autohydrolysed fish viscera for nisin andpediocin production. J Biotech, 2004: 299–311
10.李云龙.蛋白胨的生产[J].明胶科学与技术, 1997, 17(1): 32-34
11. Guerard F, Dufosse L, Broise D D L, et al. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) wastes using Alcalase. J Mol Catal B:EnzymM 2001,11: 1051-1059
12. Kristinsson H G, Rasco B A. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar) muscle proteins by alkaline proteases and a visceral serine protease mixture. Process Biochem, 2000, 36: 131-139
13.李富伟,蔡辉益,郑爱娟.胰酶水解酪蛋白法生产小肽制品[J].中国饲料, 2003, 23: 18-20
14. Lieske B, Konrad G. Interrelation between pH and availability ofα-lactalbumin andβ-lactoglobulin for proteolysis by papain. Int Dairy J, 1996, 6(4): 359-370
15.熊善柏,王启明,赵山.乌鸡肉蛋白质分步酶解工艺与水解液澄清方法研究[J].食品工业科技, 2000, 21(4): 17-19
16.朱蓓薇,葛瑞宏.双酶水解法制备羊胎盘活性肽[J].食品与发酵工业, 2003, 29(11): 41-45
17.于长青,任泊晓,修峰.鹅血酶解液活性炭脱色效果的研究[J].中国食品添加剂, 2006:66-69
18.郭兴凤.响应面分析法在菜籽蛋白酶水解研究中的应用[J].郑州工程学院学报, 2002, 23(4): 19-21
19. Giovinni M. Response surface methodology and product optimization. Food Tech, 2001, 37: 41-45
20. David T. Response surface experimentation. J Food Processing and Preservation, 1982, 6: 155-188
21.秦志红,杨松成.电喷雾电离质谱及其在蛋白质化学研究中的应用[J].国外医学药学分册, 2000, 27(1): 38-41
22. Arnott D, Shabanowitz J, Hunt D F. Mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides:sensitive and accurate mass measurement and sequence analysis. Clin Chem, 1993, 39(9): 2005-2010
23. Ashton D S, Beddell C R, Green B N, et al. Rapid validation of molecular structures of biological samples by electrospray-mass spectrometry. FEBS Lett, 1994, 342(1): 1-6
24. Roepstorff P, Fohlman J. Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. Biomed Mass Spectrum, 1984, 11: 601-602
2. Enders A C and Carter A M. What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us?-A review. Placenta, 2004, 25(supplement): S3-S9
3.姚楠.胎盘口服液的制备和质量控制[J].中成药, 1989, 4(11): 120
4.吴凌,王国良,崔星.牛胎盘粉的质量检测[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2001, 4: 43-44
5. Muralidhar R V and Panda T. Useful products from human placenta. Bioprocess Eng, 1999, 20: 23-25
6.杨桂芹.鹿胎制剂对老年大鼠的保健功能及其作用机理的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2005
7. Uszynski M and Folejewska R U. Plasmmogen activator and urokmase inhibitor in mvometrium, placenta, and amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1969, 105(7): 1041-1043
8. Ng T B. Biological and immunological activities of bovine placental gonadotropin.Biochem. Mol Biol Int, 1993, 31(6): 1149-1156
9. Henry F. Further purification and characterization of a placenta protein with immunological similarity to human growth hormone. Nature, 1965, 208: 1214-1215
10. Parhon L. Oxytocic and tocogenic functions of the placenta. Obstet Gynecol, 1969, 17(4): 429-434
11. Otsuka K. Free and conjugated steroids in normal placenta. Okayama Igakkai Zasshi, 1969, 81(1-2): 101-111
12. Suyama T, Isaka K, Shirakawa H. Injectable iysozyme aspartate from human placentas [P]. Japan Patent, 71 41591. 1971
13. Hata A. Immunological studies of histaminase for the identification of the kind of blood. I. Purification of histaminase from human placenta. Japanese J Legalmedicine, 1971, 25(2): 120-125
14. Uszynskim M and Maloflejew M. Kininase activity in the human placenta. Biochem Hannaeology, 1971, 20(11): 3211-3212
15. Millan J L. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human placental alkaline phosphatase. J Biol Chem, 1986, 261(7): 3112
16. Hanson H, Mannsfeldt G H. Biochemical study of serum oxytocinase. Novaacta Leopoldina, 1971, 36(200): 45
17. Sereda V. Interferon obtained from human placenta. Obrazov Deistvie Interferona, Mater, Simp.“Ingibitory virusov”, 1970: 207-210
18. Paulesu L, Bocci V, King A, et al. Immunocyto-chemical localization of interferons in human trophoblast populations. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 1991, 4: 81
19. Shuratov L, Zhumatov K Z, Bekirov S B, et al. Determination of the macromolecular strucure of a thermobibileβ-inhibitor in human placental serums. Izvestiia Akademii nauk Kirgizskoi SSR. Seriia Biologicheskikh Nauk, 1971, 9(4): 52-55
20. Georgieva R, Michova A, Tchemov A, et al. Fractionation and partial characterization of immunomodulatory substances isolated from trophoblast of epitheliochorial placenta. Compt RendAcad Bul Sci, 2000, 53(1): 93-96
21. Filla M S, Zhang C X, Kaul K L. A potential transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine circuit in placental cytotrophoblasts. Cell Growth Differ, 1993, 4: 387-393
22.苏是煌,林志和,陈北阳,等.紫河车对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用[J].湖南中医杂志, 1993, 9(6): 44-46
23.韩彩芝,余素清,魏丽君,等.紫河车的免疫调节作用[J].河北中医, 1996,18(2): 34-35
24.崔玉丹,蔡英姬,金河奎,等.胎盘粉制剂的免疫试验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志, 2001, 7(3): 29-31
25.谭建华,马海东.梅花鹿脂质对果蝇寿命的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 1994, 14(3): 303
26.吴梧桐,高向东.猪胎盘多糖的分离纯化及其对脾淋巴细胞的诱导作用[J].生物化学杂志, 1990, 6(2): 111
27.钱东生,姚姝恒.胎盘口服液药效学实验研究[J].南通医学院学报, 1995,15(3): 384-386
28.章生银.紫河车对小鼠学习记忆的影响[J].上海实验动物科学, 2001, 21(1): 45-46
29.李鲁龙,刘月文,于学军.牛胎盘营养成分的分析[J].中国乳品工业, 2000, 28(1): 39-40
30. Guigon M. Cytogenetics of tumor progression. Cancer Res, 1982, 42(2): 167-172
31. Lawrence H S. Experimental study of the placental immunoregulation factor. Immunol, 1990, 11(2):195-201
32.丰慧根,李延兰,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节肽的抗肿瘤作用[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1998, 19(2): 82-83
33.丰慧根,李延兰,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节因子联合化疗药物抗肿瘤作用的研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1999, 20(3): 129-130
34. Angelucci C, Lama G, Sica G. The growth of malignant and nonmalignant human cells is modulated by a human placental extract. Anticancer Res, 1999, 19(1A): 429-436.
35.王亮.新生小鼠表皮细胞的培养[J].日用化学工业, 2001, 1: 61-62
36.顾小璐.高级胎盘收敛性化妆水的研制[J].日用化学工业, 1993, 3: 220-223
37.董泉洲、尚尔和,王小惠,等.羊胎盘营养液的制备及其在化妆品中的应用[J].日用化学工业, 1998, (1): 12-13
38.杨秀芳,许牡丹,吴明鑫.活化羊胎素的提取与应用开发[J].宝鸡文理学院学报, 1999, 19(1): 78-80
39. Datta P, Bhattacharyya D. Spectroscopic and chromatographic evidences of NADPH in human placental extract used as wound healer. J. Pharm Biomed Analysis, 2004, 34(5): 1091-1098
40. Datta P, Bhattacharyya D. Isolation of fibronectin type III like peptide from human placental extract used as wound healer. J Chromato B, 2005, 818(1): 67-73
41.安藤义隆,安藤裕.牛胎盘抽出细胞代谢活性化物质[P].日本专利, 5-71600. 1993
42.吕鹏月,李定格,石俊英,等.中药紫河车与猪、牛、羊胎盘补血作用的药理实验研究[J].山东医药工业, 2002, 21(5): 51-52
43. Liu K X, Kato Y, Kaku T, et al. Human placental extract stimulates liver regeneration in rats. Bio Pharm Bull, 1998, 21(1): 44-49
44.黄维亮,谢元林,常伟红,等.紫河车促肝细胞生长的研究[J].中西医结合肝病杂志, 2004,14(6): 357-359
45.王勇,郎刚华,张振宇,等.人胎盘肝细胞生长因子的提纯及其特性[J].青岛医学院学报., 1996, 32(2): 118-120
46.方廖琼,魏泓,苏晔,等.羊胎粉与灵芝多糖抗辐射功能协同效应的试验研究[J].食品科学, 2003, 24(7): 118-120
47. Ushizawa K, Kaneyama K, Takahashi T, et al. Clong and expression of a new member of prolactin-related protein in bovine placenta: bovine prolactin-related protein-VII. Biochem Biophy Res Commun,2005, 326: 435-441
48. Hoffmann B, Schuler G. The bovine placenta; a source and target of steroid hormones: observations during the second half of gestation. Domestic Anim Endocrin,2002, 23: 309-320
49. Greven H, Kowalewski M P, Hoffmann B, et al. Bovine placental steroid sulphatase: molecular cloning and expression pattern in placentomes during gestation and at parturition. Placenta. (in press)
50. Kizaki K, Yamada O, Nakano H, et al. Cloning and localization of Heparanase in bovine placenta. Placenta,2003, 24(4): 424-430
51. Kankofer M., Wierciński J. Prostaglandin E29-keto reductase from bovine term placenta. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids,1999, 61(1): 29-32
52. Hashizume K, Takahashi T, Hirako M, et al. Matrixmetalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases production in bovine placenta and uterine tissues during early pregnancy. Theriogenology,1997, 47(1): 323
53. Schauser K, Nielsen A H, Winther H, et al. The bovine placenta and fetal membranes contain high densities of angiotensin II subtype 2 (AT2) receptors. Placenta, 17(5-6): A40
54. Cho S W, Cho E H, Choi S Y. Ginsenosides activate DNA polymeraseδfrom bovine placenta. Life Sci, 1995, 57(14): 1359-1365
55. Pontarolo R, Duarte J H, Lacombe FeijóM A. Some structural studies on the galactose-containing polysaccharide from bovine placenta. Placenta, 1993, 14(4): 439-448
56. Martyn P, Smith D L, Adams J B. Properties of fatty acyl-coenzyme A: estradiol-17βacyltransferase in bovine placenta microsomes. Mol Cellular Endo, 1988, 60(1): 7-13
57. Hon W K, Ng T B. Presence of corticotropin-like and opiate-like hormones in rat and bovine placental tissues. Comp Biochem Physi Part C: Comp Pharm, 1986, 84(2): 277-281
58.吴凌,王国良,崔星,等.牛胎盘粉的质量检测[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2001, 4: 43-44
59.李鲁龙,于学军.牛胎盘营养成分分析[J].中国乳品工业, 2000, 28(1): 39-40
60.陈晓萍.酶水解法加工牛胎盘的工艺研究[J].科技通报, 2001, 17(6): 67-70
61.朗刚华,王勇.牛胎盘中肝细胞生长因子的生物学特性[J].青岛海洋大学学报, 1998, 28(2): 288-292
62.朗刚华,王勇.牛胎盘肝细胞生长因子的纯化[J].青岛医学院学报, 1995, 31(4): 273-276
63.刘万臣,汪玉松.乳牛胎盘硷性磷酸酶的提纯和性质[J].兽医大学学报, 1989, 9(2): 150-154
64.朱梅,许梓荣.牛胎盘催乳素(bPL)的研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2000, 10: 19-22
65.牟德华,李艳.牛胎盘生物活性物质的研究进展[J].河北工业科技, 2006, 23: 120-123
66.牟德华,商宪库.牛胎盘中免疫调节因子的提取过程研究[J].河北工业科技, 2006, 23: 269-270
67.周国华,浩洪龙.牛和羊胎盘肽的制备及其生物活性的研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2006, 27: 172-174
68.张丽君,乔传卓.中药紫河车和几种动物胎盘及其加工品中孕酮、HCG、HPL的含量比较[J].第二军医大学学报, 1994, 15(2): 187-189
69.张丽君,乔传卓,余慕婉.紫河车和几种动物胎盘及其加工品的放射免疫分析评价[J].中药材, 1995, 18(12): 622-623
70.刘玉芹,石俊英,吕鹏月.紫河车及其混淆品的鉴别研究[J].中国药学杂志, 1998, 33(10): 585-587
71.刘玉芹,黄贤荣,吕鹏月,等.紫河车及其混淆品的电泳鉴别[J].中药材, 1997, 20(11): 557-558
72.古今,刘萍,李外.紫河车及其伪品羊胎盘的高效毛细管电泳鉴别[J].军医进修学院学报, 2006, 27(1):46-47
73.李奋儒.紫河车与羊胎盘的鉴别[J].中药材, 1997, 20(6): 295-296
74.吕鹏月.紫河车及其代用品的药理学与质量评价研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东中医药大学. 2004
75.白玉.人胎盘多肽的分离纯化及其活性的初步研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]:沈阳药科大学, 2003
76. Blanca H L, Ana Q, Lourdes A, et al. Identification of bioactive peptides after digestion of human milk and infant formula with pepsin and pancreatin. Inter Dairy J, 2007, 17(1): 42-49
77. Gauthier S F, Pouliot Y, Sauveur D S. Immunomodulatory peptides obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins. Inter Dairy J, 2006, 16(11): 1315-1323
78. Korhonen H, Pihlanto A. Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality. Inter Dairy J, 2006, 16(9): 945-960
79.王秋韫,庞广昌,陈庆森.免疫活性肽的研究进展与展望[J].食品科学, 2002,23(7): 136-139
80.周国华.家畜胎盘肽的制备及其生物活性的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].泰安:山东农业大学, 2006
81. Yoshikawa M, Kishi K. Immunostimulating peptide derived from soybean protein. Ann N Y Acad. Sci, 1993, 375-376
82. Iemura Y, Yamada T, Takahashi T, et al. Properties of the peptides liberated from rice protein in Sokujo-moto. J Biosci Bioeng, 1999, 88(3): 276-280
83. Liu J D, Wang S, Qi J J, et al. The immunostimulatory effect of bio-active peptide from pollen on murine and human lymphocytes. Mech Ageing Dev, 1998, 104:125-132
84. Jolles P, Parker F, Floc’h F, et al. Immunostimulating substances from human casein. J Immunopharmacol, 1981, 3: 363-369
85. Schlimme E, Meisel H. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins: Structural, physiological and analytical aspects. Die Nahrng, 1995, 39: 1-20
86. Kayser H, Meisel H. Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by bioactive peptides derived from bovine milk proteins. FEBS Lett, 1996, 383:18-20
87. Migliore-Samour D, Floch F. Biologically active peptides implicated in immunomodulation. J Dairy Res, 1989, 56:357-362
88. Chiba H, Yoshikawa M. Opioid antagonist peptides derived fromκ-casein. J Dairy Res, 1989, 56:363-366
89. Meisel M, Schlimme E. Inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme derived from bovine casein (casokinins), inβ-casomorphins and related peptides: Recent developments. Eds. V. Brantl and H. Teschemacher, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1994, 27-33
90. Brantl V, Techemacher H, Blsig J, et al. Opioid activities ofβ-casomorphins. Life Sci, 1981, 28:1903-1909
91. Caste M. Identification of C-terminal peptides of bovineβ-casein that enhance proliferation of rat lymphocytes. Immunol Lett, 1996, 3:41-46
92. Mullally M, Meisel M, Fitz Gerald R J. Synthetic peptides corresponding toα-lactalbumin andβ-lactoglobulin sequence with angiotensin-I-converting inhibitors activity. Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler, 1996, 377: 259-260
93.张彩梅,张红梅,于业军,等.扇贝多肽对小鼠免疫功能调节的研究[J].中国海洋药物杂志, 2005,24(3): 18-21
94.董文滨,杨兆艳,胡献丽,等.动物蛋白生物活性肽的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发, 2004,25(5): 66-69
95. Misra C K, Das B K, Mukherjee S C, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of tuftsin on the non-specific immune system of Indian Major carp, Labeo rohita. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2006, 20(5): 728-738
96. Berthier L K, Remond G, Visalli M, et al. In vivo immunopharmacological properties of tuftsin and four analogs. Immunopharmacol, 1993, 25(3): 261-267
97. Belokrylov G A, Popova OYa, Molchanova I V, et al. Peptieds and their constituent amino acids influence the immune response and phagocytosis in different ways. Inter J Immunopharmacol, 1992, 14(7): 1285-1292
98. Attia W Y, Badamchian M, Goldstein A L, et al. Thymosin stimulate interleukin-6 production from rat spleen cells in vitro. Immunopharmacol, 1993, 26(2): 171-179
99. Eckert K, Garbin F, Maurer H R. FC63 thymus-peptides restore, in vitro, both primary immunodeficiences and impaired immune cell-mediated antimumor reactions. Eur J Pharmaceutical Sci, 1994, 2(1-2): 116
100. Reddy M M, Grieco M H. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of interleukin-2 and thymosin fraction V in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Inter J Immunopharmacol, 1987, 9(4): 483-488
101.陈栋梁,刘莉,于兰,等.白蛋白多肽对核苷的促吸收及增强小鼠细胞免疫功能的作用[J].食品科学, 2004, 25(1): 163-166
102.陈振德,许童远,庄志铨,等.穿山甲及其炮制品蛋白多肽高效毛细管电泳法鉴定[J].广东药学院学报, 2000,16(4): 302-304
103.石岗,高军羽.生物活性肽在功能食品中的应用[J].食品科技, 2002,7:64-65
104.王倩,王化洲,齐志敏,等.鸡胚口服液免疫调节作用的实验研究.
105.夏桂兰,赵保东,王化洲,等.复方鸡胚参精口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].实用中西医结合杂志, 1998, 11(13): 1154-1155
106.钟英英.天然免疫调节肽的研究概况[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 7(2): 69-72
107.宋长征.小分子肽的化学结构及免疫调节作用[J].生命的科学, 1992, 12(1): 3-4
108. Jmenu E, Holzman R S. Immunoactive production of human placenta. Immunol, 1989, (3): 119-341.
109.刘月新,王勋楚,段茂芳,等.一种新的免疫调节剂-胎盘因子的制备与研究[J].中国免疫学杂志, 1985, 1(5): 51-53
110.张学荣,舒雨雁.胎盘免疫调节因子的实验研究[J].广西科学, 1996,3: 41-44
111.黄楚华,殷学伦.超滤法制备胎盘肽的初步研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1994,15(2): 133-134
112.许代娣,李琪,何树生.胎盘免疫调节因子的制备[J].广西医学, 2001,8: 798-799
113.黄楚华,殷学伦.胎盘肽制剂的理化性质及免疫活性研究[J].药物生物技术, 1995.2(2): 40-42
114.马布仁,李素华,谢松勋,等.胎盘肽免疫活性的实验研究[J].解放军医学杂志, 1988, 13(5): 335
115. Menu E, Holzman R S.Immunoactive production of human placenta. Immunol, 1989,119:341
116. Duc H T, Masse A, Bode P, et al. Deviation of humoral and cellular alloimmune reactions by placental extracts. J Reprod Immunol, 1985, 7:27-39
117. Gupta G S, Kinsky R G, Duc H T, et al. Effects of placental extracts on the immune response to histocompatibility antigens: class deviation of alloantibody response and allograft enhancement. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1984, 6:117-123
118. Djian V, Menu E, Thibault G, et al. Immunoactive products of placenta. V. Immunoregulatory properties of low molecular weight compound obtained from human placental cultures. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1996, 36:11-24
119.丰慧根,杨保胜,苗兴泉,等.胎盘免疫调节肽对化疗小鼠免疫水平的影响[J].新乡医学院学报, 1995, 12(4): 301-303
120.李延兰,丰慧根,任太芳,等.胎盘免疫调节肽对放疗小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].新乡医学院学报, 1997, 14(3): 272-274
121.王国贤,肖志洁,刘丹平,等.胎盘因子对冷应激小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2001, 22(5): 242-243
122.陆晖,李东霞,张双全.羊胎盘活细胞素对小鼠机体功能的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(4): 85-87
123. Low B G, Hansen P J, Drost M. Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation by ovine placenta-conditioned culture medium. J Reprod Immunol, 1991; 19:25-41
124.刘士山,张子周,朱和平,等.羊胚胎盘功能测试[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2002, 23(5): 236-238
125.苏晔.羊胎素及其免疫调节功能的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].重庆:西南农业大学,2001
126.杨秀芳,许牡丹.活化羊胎素的提取与应用开发[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版), 1999
127.高利臣,钟英英,魏泓.羊胎盘免疫调节因子E花环活性评价的优化[J].免疫学杂志, 2005,21(4): 327-330
128.方廖琼,钟英英,张华,等.羊胎盘免疫调节因子对小鼠体液免疫的影响[J].重庆医科大学学报, 2005,30(3): 356-358
129.葛瑞宏,纪芳,朱蓓薇.羊胎盘肽的研制[J].大连轻工业学院学报, 2003,22(4): 269-272
130. Georgieva R, Stefanov D, Fichorova R, et al. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response. Theriogenology, 1995, 44: 539-551
131. Dimitrova E, Georgieva R, Michova A. Analytical and biochemical characterization of immuno-active substances isolated from porcine fetal placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 1994, 23: 34-38
132. Petraglia F, Georgieva R, Stefanov D, et a1. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1994,78: 205-211.
133.文天秀,窦肇华,李质馨,等.梅花鹿胎盘提取液对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].解剖科学进展, 1999, 5(4): 377
1. Yoshikawa M, Kishi K. Immunostimulating peptide derived from soybean protein. Ann N Y Acad. Sci, 1993, 375-376
2. Jolles P, Parker F, Floc’h F, et al. Immunostimulating substances from human casein. J Immunopharmacol, 1981, 3: 363-369
3. Georgieva R, Stefanov D, Fichorova R, et al. Effects of the whole extract and the chromatographic fractions of the pig placenta on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral immune response.Theriogenology, 1995, 44: 539-551
4.刘月新,王勋楚,段茂芳,等.一种新的免疫调节剂-胎盘因子的制备与研究[J].中国免疫学杂志, 1985, 1(5): 51-53
5.张学荣,舒雨雁.胎盘免疫调节因子的实验研究[J].广西科学, 1996,3: 41-44
6.黄楚华,殷学伦.超滤法制备胎盘肽的初步研究[J].中国生化药物杂志, 1994,15(2): 133-134
7.许代娣,李琪,何树生.胎盘免疫调节因子的制备[J].广西医学, 2001,8: 798-799
8.陆晖,李东霞,张双全.羊胎盘活细胞素对小鼠机体功能的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2000, 23(4): 85-87
9.文天秀,窦肇华,李质馨,等.梅花鹿胎盘提取液对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].解剖科学进展, 1999, 5(4): 37
10.陈季旺.米糠蛋白类阿片拮抗肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文]无锡:江南大学食品学院. 2003
11.周凤娟.可溶性丝素蛋白及丝素肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文]无锡:江南大学食品学院. 2004
12. Suarez E, Lobo A, Alvarez-Blanco S, et al. Utilization of nanofiltration membranes for whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate demineralization. Desalination, 2006, 199(1-3): 345-347
13. Poulin J F, Farias M A, Amiot J, et al. Separation of bioactive peptides by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane, 2006, 200(1-3): 620
14. Wei J M, Wang B, Chen J, et al. Theoretical analysis and verification of concertration distribution model in the ultrafiltration process. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 2006, 53(1): 94-100
15. Suarez E, Lobo A, Alvarez S, et al. Partial demineralization of whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate by nanofiltration at pilot-plant scale. Desalination, 2006, 198(1-3): 274-281
16.汪家政,范明主编.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社. 2001
17.师治贤,王俊德编著.生物大分子的液相色谱分离和制备(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
18. Combes C, Paterson E. Isolation of low molecular weight peptides from emmentaler cheese. J Food Sci, 2001, 67(2): 553-559.
19.夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
20. Ahamed T, Ottens M, Nfor B K, et al. Ageneralized approach thermodynamic properties of biomolecules for use in bioseparation process design. Fluid Phase Equilib, 2006,241:268-282
21. Singh P C, Singh R K. Choosing an appropriate bioseparation technique. Trends Food Sci Tech, 1996, 7(2): 49-58
22. Jones C, Patel A, Griffin S, et al. Current trends in molecular recognition and bioseparation. J Chromatogr A, 1995, 707(1): 3-22
23. Hughes D. Applying combinatorial technology to bioseparations. Drug Discovery Today, 1998, 3(2): 50-51
24. Jungbauer A. Chromatographic media for bioseparation. J Chromatogr A, 2005, 1065(1): 3-12
25.大连轻工业学院等合编.食品分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1994
26. Georgieva R, Michova A, Tchemov A, et al. Fractionation and partial characterization of immunomodulatory substances isolated from trophoblast of epitheliochorial placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 2000, 53(1): 93-96
27. Djian V, Menu E, Thibault G, et al. Immunoactive products of placenta. V. Immunoregulatory properties of low molecular weight compound obtained from placental cultures. Am J Reprod Immunol, 1996, 36: 11-24
28. Dimitrova E, Georgieva R, Michova A. Analytical and biochemical characterization of immuno-active substances isolated from porcine fetal placenta. Compt Rend Acad Bul Sci, 1994, 23: 34-38
29. Lea R G, Bolton A E. The effect of horse placental tissue extracts and equine chorionic gonadotropin on the proliferation of horse lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. J Reprod Immunol, 1991; 19:13-23
30.陈志阳,王国华,杨敏,等.一种简便、快速检测淋巴细胞增殖的方法[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2000, 21(5): 245-247
31.王国华,程往太,马红燕,等.胎盘提取促淋巴细胞增殖活性及稳定性实验初探[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2001, 22(3): 137-139
32. Niks M, Otto M. Towards an optimized MTT assay. J Immunol Methods, 1990: 130-149
33. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellar growth and survival: application proliferation and cytotoxity assays. J Immunol Methods, 1983, 65(1): 5
34. Twentyman P R. M. Luscombe. A study of some variables in a tetrazolium dye (MTT) based assay for cell growth and chemosensitivity. Br J Cancer, 1987, 56: 279-285
1. Bayerbach R, Nguyen V D, Schurr U, et al. Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin) Part III. Molar mass characteristics by SEC, MALDI-TOF-MS, LDI-TOF-MS, and Py-FIMS. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2006, 77(2): 95-101
2. Yu Y, Hu J, Miyaguchi Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of angiogtensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from porcine hemoglobin. Peptides, 2006, xxx: xxx-xxx
3. Zhou G H, Luo G A, Sun G Q, et al. Characterization of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) by capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary isoeleltric focusing electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2004, 35: 425-432
4. Bo T, Pawliszyn J. Characterization of phospholipid-protein interactions by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole-column imaging detection. Anal Biochem, 2006,350: 91-98
5.许鸣镝,柳雪枚.蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定[J].生物化学杂志, 1997,13(5):586-591
6.夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
7. Smith R D, Joseph A L. New developments in biochemical mass spectrometry: electrospray ionization. Anal Biochem, 1990, 62: 882-889
8.苏俊,张国政,刘忠华,等.蛋白质在分离纯化中保持稳定的方法及应用[J].天津轻工业学院学报, 2002, 40(1): 21-24
9. Je J Y, Park P J, Byun H G, et al. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide derived from the sauce of fermented blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Bioresour Technol, 2005, 96: 1624-1629
10. Ali M F, Knoop F C, Vaudry H, et al. Characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the Rana esculenta complex. Peptides, 2003, 24: 955-961
11. Huybrechts J, Clynen E, Baggerman G, et al. Isolation and identification of the AKH III precursor-related peptide from Locusta migratoria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002, 296: 1112-1117
12.谌晓曦,陈卫良,马志超,等.抗水稻纹枯病菌拮抗蛋白质的理化性质研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 1999, 25(5): 491-494
13.金红,李祥瑞,于康震.重组牛白细胞介素-2生物活性单位的测定及其理化性质的分析[J].中国畜禽传染病, 1998, 20(2): 79-82
14.何青芳,陈卫良,马志超.枯草芽孢杆菌A30菌株产生的拮抗肽的分离纯化与理化性质研究[J].中国水稻科学, 2002, 16(4): 361-365
15.董群,郑丽伊,方积年.改良的苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖和寡糖含量的研究[J].中国药学杂志, 1996, 31(9): 550
16.张惟杰主编.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1987
17.吴建平.大豆降压肽的研制[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:无锡轻工大学食品学院. 1998
18.陈季旺.米糠蛋白类阿片拮抗肽的研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2003
19.陈惠黎主编.糖复合物的结构和功能[M].上海:上海医科大学出版社, 1997
20.宫霞.家蝇幼虫抗菌肽结构、性质及其抗菌机理研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2004
21. Wei X, Zeng X G, Zhou H M. Design and stability of a novel coiled-coil peptide. Int J Biol Macromol, 2007, 40(2): 83-86
22. Zhong K, Wu J H, Wang Z F, et al. Inactivation kinetics and secondary structural change of PEF-treated POD and PPO. Food Chem, 2007, 100: 115-123
23. Kulis Jr. M D, Shuker S B. Expression, purification, and refolding of mouse islet neogenesis associated protein-related protein for NMR studies. Protein Expre Puri, 2006, 48: 224-231
24. Choi S M, Ma C Y. Structural characterization of globulin from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) using circular dischroism and Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem, 2007, 102(1): 150-160
25. Zsila F, Matsunaga H, Bikadi Z, et al. Multiple ligand-binding properties of the lipocalin memnber chickenα1-acid glycoprotein studied by circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectroscopy: The essential role of the conserved tryptophan residue. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006, 1760: 1248-1273
26. Kojima S, Kuriki Y, Yazaki K, et al. Stabilization of fibrous structure of anα-helix-forming peptide by sequence reversal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005, 331: 577-582
27.沈星灿,梁宏,何锡文,等.圆二色光谱分析蛋白质构象的方法及研究进展[J].分析化学, 2004, 32: 388-394
28. Cid H, Bunster M, Arriagada E, et al. Prediction of secondary structure of proteins by means of hydrophobicity profiles. FEBS Lett, 1982, 150(1): 247-254
1.张培军,王琳,张琨,等.保健食品安全评价和功能实验应注意的问题[J].中国卫生工程学, 2002, 1(3): 181
2. Snodin D J. Regulatory immunotoxicology: does the published evidence support mandatory nonclinical immune function screening in drug development? Regul Toxicol Pharm, 2004, 40(3): 336-355
3.严卫星,何来英.《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》的有关技术问题[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 1999, 11(2): 17-21
4. Cavacini L A, Komar J G, Kennel M, et al. Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on cytolytic activityof immunodeficient mice: Implications for xenogeneic transplantation. Cellular Immunol, 1992, 144(2): 296-310
5. Yao C F, Wang L, Cai S Y, et al. Protective effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, You-Gui-Wan, on steroid-induced inhibition of cytokine production in mice. Int Immunopharmacol, 2005, 5(6): 1041-1048
6.周顺长,史宵燕,辛华雯,等.不同途径给以环磷酰胺诱发BALB/c小鼠免疫低下的结果比较[J].实验动物与比较医学, 2006, 26(1): 38-39
7.李业鹏,计融,韩春卉,等.建立小鼠免疫低下模型小鼠的初步研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2001, 13(6): 7-10
8.张蕾,郭红卫,吴岷.建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型的研究[J].环境与职业医学, 2003, 20(2): 95-98
9. Mayumi H, Umesue M, Nomoto K, et al. Cyclophamide-induced immunological tolerance: an overview. Immunobiology, 1996, 195(2): 129-139
10.韩春卉,李业鹏,崔生辉,等.保健食品免疫功能评价的鼠种选择[J].实用医药杂志, 2004, 21(3): 261-262
11.钱东生,姚姝恒.胎盘口服液药效学实验研究[J].南通医学院学报, 1995, 15(3): 384-386
12.刘士山,张子周,朱和平,等.羊胚胎盘肽功能测试[J].中国生化药物杂志, 2002, 23(5): 236-238
13. Simpson M A, Gozza J J. Spectrophotometric determination of lymphocyte mediated sheep red blood cell hemolysion in vitro. J Immunol Meth, 1978, 21(1-2): 159-165
14.马西艺.乳酸杆菌及其肽聚糖的免疫活性研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学食品学院, 2004
15. Lau B H S, Yamasaki T. Garlic compound modulate macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions. Mol Biother, 1991, 3: 103-107
16.林清华.巨噬细胞吞噬试验的简单方法[J].微生物学通报, 1988, 15: 127
17. Milton J D, Carpenter C B, Addison I E. Depressed T-cell reactivity and suppressor activity of lymphoid cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Cellular Immunol, 1976, 24: 308-317
18. Lee J K, Byun J A. Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol in Balb/c mice: I. Effect on antibody forming cell, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, splenic subset, and natural killer activity. Toxicol, 2004, 204(1): 1
19. Mosmann T. Rapid colormeric assay cellular growth and survival: application for proliferation and cytodoxicity assays. Immunol Methods, 1983, 65: 55
1. Mabmond M L. Physiochemical and functional properties of protein hydrolysates in nutritional products. Food Technol, 1994, 48(10): 89-94
2. Kjaer S. Use of Hydrolysates for protein supplementation. Food Technol, 1994, 48(10): 86-88
3. Blenford D E. Protein hydrolysates. Functionalities and uses in nutritional products. International Food Ingredients, 1994, 3: 45-49
4. Wu H C, Chen H M, Shiau C Y. Free amino acids and peptides as related to antioxidant properties in protein hydrolysates of mackerel (Scomber austriasicus). Food Res Int, 2003, 36: 949-957
5.陈晓萍.酶水解法加工牛胎盘的工艺研究[J].科技通报, 2001, 17(6): 11
6.王璋编.食品酶学(第一版)[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1990
7.申哲民,张学洪,王文华,等.蛋白质的酶水解过程研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源, 2002, 24(2): 17-18
8.王景薇.功能食品新原料——低分子质量肽[J].浙江食品工业, 1993, 5(1): 1-5
9. Vázquez J A, González M P, Murado M A. Peptones from autohydrolysed fish viscera for nisin andpediocin production. J Biotech, 2004: 299–311
10.李云龙.蛋白胨的生产[J].明胶科学与技术, 1997, 17(1): 32-34
11. Guerard F, Dufosse L, Broise D D L, et al. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) wastes using Alcalase. J Mol Catal B:EnzymM 2001,11: 1051-1059
12. Kristinsson H G, Rasco B A. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar) muscle proteins by alkaline proteases and a visceral serine protease mixture. Process Biochem, 2000, 36: 131-139
13.李富伟,蔡辉益,郑爱娟.胰酶水解酪蛋白法生产小肽制品[J].中国饲料, 2003, 23: 18-20
14. Lieske B, Konrad G. Interrelation between pH and availability ofα-lactalbumin andβ-lactoglobulin for proteolysis by papain. Int Dairy J, 1996, 6(4): 359-370
15.熊善柏,王启明,赵山.乌鸡肉蛋白质分步酶解工艺与水解液澄清方法研究[J].食品工业科技, 2000, 21(4): 17-19
16.朱蓓薇,葛瑞宏.双酶水解法制备羊胎盘活性肽[J].食品与发酵工业, 2003, 29(11): 41-45
17.于长青,任泊晓,修峰.鹅血酶解液活性炭脱色效果的研究[J].中国食品添加剂, 2006:66-69
18.郭兴凤.响应面分析法在菜籽蛋白酶水解研究中的应用[J].郑州工程学院学报, 2002, 23(4): 19-21
19. Giovinni M. Response surface methodology and product optimization. Food Tech, 2001, 37: 41-45
20. David T. Response surface experimentation. J Food Processing and Preservation, 1982, 6: 155-188
21.秦志红,杨松成.电喷雾电离质谱及其在蛋白质化学研究中的应用[J].国外医学药学分册, 2000, 27(1): 38-41
22. Arnott D, Shabanowitz J, Hunt D F. Mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides:sensitive and accurate mass measurement and sequence analysis. Clin Chem, 1993, 39(9): 2005-2010
23. Ashton D S, Beddell C R, Green B N, et al. Rapid validation of molecular structures of biological samples by electrospray-mass spectrometry. FEBS Lett, 1994, 342(1): 1-6
24. Roepstorff P, Fohlman J. Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. Biomed Mass Spectrum, 1984, 11: 601-602
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |