供应链核心企业生成机理研究
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摘要
经济全球化促使供应链与供应链的竞争日趋激烈,供应链管理理论已成为当前管理理论研究的热点之一。目前有关供应链核心企业的研究偏重于核心企业的影响、能力业绩评价、建模技术、信息共享、风险规避等领域,忽略了核心企业的生成机理研究。供应链管理的实践表明,核心企业常常发生改变,核心企业的改变给供应链管理带来很大的影响。因此,研究供应链核心企业的生成机理,是供应链管理理论研究必须面对的一个亟待解决的问题。
本文综合运用实证研究和规范研究相结合的方法,对核心企业生成机理进行探讨。论文在文献综述的基础上,首先,基于约束理论通过对供应链的实证分析,对核心企业的概念进行了界定;接着,建立动态交易费用模型对核心企业生成动因进行全面解释;然后,应用META图构建层次和指标双重权重的核心企业识别选择模型来识别核心企业;最后,研究核心企业自组织演化漂移的维度和轨迹。
论文在国内外供应链有关核心企业研究成果的基础上,进行新的探索,取得了以下创新性成果:(1)界定了供应链核心企业的概念。基于约束理论,通过对双汇猪肉加工、国美格力产销、平煤姚电生产供应链进行实证研究,界定了供应链核心企业的概念,为解释供应链管理提供理论支持。(2)探讨核心企业生成动因并给出基于动态交易费用的诠释模型。供应链在外部环境、内部因素和核心企业自身素质的共同作用下,企业间战略合作关系在博弈中提升,核心企业得以形成。在此基础上建立动态交易费用模型,用动态治理成本补充静态治理成本,用治理效益补充治理成本,形成全面的治理结构特征,将核心企业供应链与原始供应链治理结构量化对比分析,对核心企业生成机理进一步诠释。(3)构建层次权重与指标权重双重权重的核心企业识别模型。应用META图表达供应链企业间的关系,基于约束理论建立信息约束、原材料约束、市场约束、技术约束为主要指标的核心企业识别选择指标体系,采取层次权重和指标权重双重权重对指标进行修正,通过META通路初步选出候选的供应链,根据计算结果得出候选供应链和供应链各节点企业的综合指标排序,更加科学合理地识别核心企业。
随着供应链的结构更加虚拟化和动态化,供应链核心企业在多个维度发生自组织演化漂移,供应链核心企业演化漂移的总趋势为核心企业由供应链中间逐渐向两端区位漂移,形成以资源商和零售商同为核心企业的“哑铃型双核心企业供应链”。
With the advent of the economic globalization and the age of knowledge-based economy, the competition between supply chains shows some new characteristics, and the core enterprise in the supply chain has started appearing many new attributes in the environmental turbulence, and its identification markings are increasingly blurred. Nowadays, the researches of the current domestic and international scholars on the core businesses often lay particular stress on the influence of core enterprise, evaluation of capacity and performance, modeling technology, information sharing, risk aversion and other fields, while ignoring the researches on the recognition of core enterprise and the drifting mechanism. The theoretical investigation of core enterprise seriously lags behind the supply chain practice, which has become the key constraint factor on the development of supply chain management.
This thesis preliminarily studies the generated movement mechanism of the core enterprise and drifting trajectory. On the basis of empirical analysis on the typical supply chain to redefine the core enterprises, first, the thesis thoroughly explains the generation motive of the core enterprise, quantitatively analyzing the core enterprise on the basis of transaction cost theory, and creates a dynamic model of transaction cost to explore in greater depth to the causes of the form of core enterprises; then applies the META chart theory to establish the dual weights, level weights and index weights, and establishes the dynamically identifying and selecting model for the core enterprises and node enterprises and gives application examples; subsequently, applies the self-organization theory to discuss the evolution of core business, and studies the role of core enterprises and the impelling force during the evolutionary process of supply chain in the life cycle of the supply chain; finally, discusses the drifting motive of core enterprise and dynamic drifting dimension under the unsteady state, revealing the drifting trail and development trends of the core enterprise in supply chain.
The thesis, based on the latest research results of domestic and international research on the core enterprises in supply chain, tries a new exploration on the following issues. (1) Based on the empirical research on pork food, production and sale of electric apparatus, supply chain of coal and electricity production, the core enterprise in supply chain is redefined; (2) the operational practice of the core enterprises in supply chain challenges to the theory of traditional transaction cost, and this requires us make new explanation to transcend the cost economics. The static treatment costs is supplemented by dynamic treatment costs, in order to form a complete concept of treatment costs, and then use management efficiency to supplement treatment costs, forming a comprehensive characterization of characteristics of treatment structure. Quantitatively analyze all the relevant factors of the core enterprise generating, and get the critical elements of the core enterprise generating. (3) The graphics theory is applied to the dynamic selecting model of the core enterprise in supply chain, using the META chart to express the relationships between enterprises in the supply chain. The node enterprise is divided into different layers based on its function in the supply chain, establishing the level weights, index weights to constitute dual weight, changing the way of dividing the weights only according to the nature of index in the past. Break through the way of setting weights according to index, the dual weights of the level weights and index weights are adopted. This evaluating model, to a certain degree, considers the fact that various operating indexes of enterprises in different levels affected differently on the supply chain and its core enterprises, making the weights more scientific and reasonable to identify and select the core enterprise better.
With the structure of the supply chain more virtual, networking and dynamic, supply chain management will be more flexible, agile and lean, and the general trend of the future evolution of the supply chain is the core enterprises from the middle part of the supply chain drift gradually to the position at both ends of the supply chain, forming the "dumbbell-shaped dual-core supply chain" in which the resources vendors and retailers are core enterprises.
本文综合运用实证研究和规范研究相结合的方法,对核心企业生成机理进行探讨。论文在文献综述的基础上,首先,基于约束理论通过对供应链的实证分析,对核心企业的概念进行了界定;接着,建立动态交易费用模型对核心企业生成动因进行全面解释;然后,应用META图构建层次和指标双重权重的核心企业识别选择模型来识别核心企业;最后,研究核心企业自组织演化漂移的维度和轨迹。
论文在国内外供应链有关核心企业研究成果的基础上,进行新的探索,取得了以下创新性成果:(1)界定了供应链核心企业的概念。基于约束理论,通过对双汇猪肉加工、国美格力产销、平煤姚电生产供应链进行实证研究,界定了供应链核心企业的概念,为解释供应链管理提供理论支持。(2)探讨核心企业生成动因并给出基于动态交易费用的诠释模型。供应链在外部环境、内部因素和核心企业自身素质的共同作用下,企业间战略合作关系在博弈中提升,核心企业得以形成。在此基础上建立动态交易费用模型,用动态治理成本补充静态治理成本,用治理效益补充治理成本,形成全面的治理结构特征,将核心企业供应链与原始供应链治理结构量化对比分析,对核心企业生成机理进一步诠释。(3)构建层次权重与指标权重双重权重的核心企业识别模型。应用META图表达供应链企业间的关系,基于约束理论建立信息约束、原材料约束、市场约束、技术约束为主要指标的核心企业识别选择指标体系,采取层次权重和指标权重双重权重对指标进行修正,通过META通路初步选出候选的供应链,根据计算结果得出候选供应链和供应链各节点企业的综合指标排序,更加科学合理地识别核心企业。
随着供应链的结构更加虚拟化和动态化,供应链核心企业在多个维度发生自组织演化漂移,供应链核心企业演化漂移的总趋势为核心企业由供应链中间逐渐向两端区位漂移,形成以资源商和零售商同为核心企业的“哑铃型双核心企业供应链”。
With the advent of the economic globalization and the age of knowledge-based economy, the competition between supply chains shows some new characteristics, and the core enterprise in the supply chain has started appearing many new attributes in the environmental turbulence, and its identification markings are increasingly blurred. Nowadays, the researches of the current domestic and international scholars on the core businesses often lay particular stress on the influence of core enterprise, evaluation of capacity and performance, modeling technology, information sharing, risk aversion and other fields, while ignoring the researches on the recognition of core enterprise and the drifting mechanism. The theoretical investigation of core enterprise seriously lags behind the supply chain practice, which has become the key constraint factor on the development of supply chain management.
This thesis preliminarily studies the generated movement mechanism of the core enterprise and drifting trajectory. On the basis of empirical analysis on the typical supply chain to redefine the core enterprises, first, the thesis thoroughly explains the generation motive of the core enterprise, quantitatively analyzing the core enterprise on the basis of transaction cost theory, and creates a dynamic model of transaction cost to explore in greater depth to the causes of the form of core enterprises; then applies the META chart theory to establish the dual weights, level weights and index weights, and establishes the dynamically identifying and selecting model for the core enterprises and node enterprises and gives application examples; subsequently, applies the self-organization theory to discuss the evolution of core business, and studies the role of core enterprises and the impelling force during the evolutionary process of supply chain in the life cycle of the supply chain; finally, discusses the drifting motive of core enterprise and dynamic drifting dimension under the unsteady state, revealing the drifting trail and development trends of the core enterprise in supply chain.
The thesis, based on the latest research results of domestic and international research on the core enterprises in supply chain, tries a new exploration on the following issues. (1) Based on the empirical research on pork food, production and sale of electric apparatus, supply chain of coal and electricity production, the core enterprise in supply chain is redefined; (2) the operational practice of the core enterprises in supply chain challenges to the theory of traditional transaction cost, and this requires us make new explanation to transcend the cost economics. The static treatment costs is supplemented by dynamic treatment costs, in order to form a complete concept of treatment costs, and then use management efficiency to supplement treatment costs, forming a comprehensive characterization of characteristics of treatment structure. Quantitatively analyze all the relevant factors of the core enterprise generating, and get the critical elements of the core enterprise generating. (3) The graphics theory is applied to the dynamic selecting model of the core enterprise in supply chain, using the META chart to express the relationships between enterprises in the supply chain. The node enterprise is divided into different layers based on its function in the supply chain, establishing the level weights, index weights to constitute dual weight, changing the way of dividing the weights only according to the nature of index in the past. Break through the way of setting weights according to index, the dual weights of the level weights and index weights are adopted. This evaluating model, to a certain degree, considers the fact that various operating indexes of enterprises in different levels affected differently on the supply chain and its core enterprises, making the weights more scientific and reasonable to identify and select the core enterprise better.
With the structure of the supply chain more virtual, networking and dynamic, supply chain management will be more flexible, agile and lean, and the general trend of the future evolution of the supply chain is the core enterprises from the middle part of the supply chain drift gradually to the position at both ends of the supply chain, forming the "dumbbell-shaped dual-core supply chain" in which the resources vendors and retailers are core enterprises.
引文
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