光镊测量胶体粒子间及界面与粒子间相互作用
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摘要
光镊是利用强会聚光束与微粒之间线性动量的传递实现了光对微粒的三维捕获及操控,这种操控具有非接触式操控、无机械损伤、不干扰粒子周围环境等优点。光镊的捕获力在皮牛量级,刚好处在大多数胶体粒子间作用力的量级之内,所以很适用于研究胶体粒子间相互作用。
本文设计了以机械斩光器为关键器件、以双光镊为核心的双同步闪烁光镊。该系统利用光镊实现捕获、悬浮和排布粒子,而当光镊关闭时,粒子会在热随机力和其它作用力的作用下运动,利用数字显微摄像技术可以精确的测量粒子的运动轨迹,根据统计力学对粒子运动轨迹分析可得出粒子间的相互作用。这使我们能从粒子层次直接测量胶体粒子间相互作用。由于胶体粒子之间的相互作用决定了胶体的稳定程度,光镊成为我们从微观层面研究胶体稳定性的一种实用工具。而胶体稳定性研究在各个生产和生活领域都具有极其重要的地位和意义,历来受到人们的重视。
利用胶体粒子间相互作用势测量系统及相应的实验方法测量了聚苯乙烯球悬浮液中两个小球之间的相互作用势,其结果与经典DLVO理论相符,直接从微观层次验证了该理论的正确性。结合实验具体讨论了影响测量精度和效率的因素。
胶体与聚合物的相互作用是胶体体系稳定性的关键问题之一。有关聚合物调控的胶体稳定和絮凝方面的研究对于食品工业、油漆生产、石油开采等领域有着重要的实用价值。稳定还是絮凝与聚合物是否在粒子表面发生吸附有关。我们利用上述设备及方法测量了聚苯乙烯小球在嵌段共聚物水溶液中的空间相互作用,结合浊度和Zeta电位测量系统研究了嵌段共聚物对分散体系稳定性的影响,几种实验结果都较为一致。
在很多实验研究中出现了带同种电荷胶体粒子间相互吸引的现象,科研工作者提出了很多理论去解释该现象。我们基于粒子表面双电层形变的考虑,对这种现象进行了初步的计算机模拟,模拟结果和已有的实验结果比较符合。
胶体粒子与界面之间的流体动力学相互作用会影响粒子的布朗运动和扩散特性,同时也会影响到粒子之间的碰撞过程,影响到体系的稳定性。我们利用光与粒子之间角动量的传递产生的光致旋转效应测量了粒子在受到单平行界面限制下的扩散特性,取得了和已有的流体动力学理论相一致的结果。
本文总结了各种光镊光致旋转现象的产生方法,系统研究了利用光与粒子之间角动量传递产生的光致旋转现象,初步研究了利用光束对粒子线性动量传递导致的旋转现象。光致旋转的系统研究为微机械马达、全光学开关的研制提供了一种有效手段。
光与粒子之间角动量的传递产生的光致旋转现象研究中,波片是控制旋转方向的关键元件。本文提出用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量波片的相位延迟量及快轴方向的新方法,测量结果表明方法是可靠的。
本文的主要创新点在于:
1、本文设计了一个可编程的同步斩光器,该机械斩光器主要由控制器、伺服电机、编码器和斩光盘等部件组成,斩光器控制器主要包括可编程控制器、伺服电机放大器及控制开关。根据粒子的布朗运动规律,研制出以机械斩光器为关键器件、以双光镊为核心的双同步闪烁光镊系统,该系统能够测量不同类型的胶体粒子间的相互作用。
2、本文利用胶体粒子间相互作用测量系统(双同步闪烁光镊)测量了聚苯乙烯球悬浮液中两个小球间的相互作用势,其结果与经典DLVO理论相符,直接从微观层次验证了该理论的正确性。结合实验具体讨论了影响测量精度和效率的因素。
3、本文利用胶体粒子间相互作用测量系统(双同步闪烁光镊)测量了聚苯乙烯小球在嵌段共聚物水溶液中的空间相互作用,结合浊度法、Zeta电位法系统研究了嵌段共聚物对分散体系稳定性的影响,几种实验结果都较为一致。为实际胶体体系的配置提供了微观理论指导。
Optical tweezers are a noninvasive way to manipulate fluid suspended microscopic objects in three dimensions using a single laser beam focused by a microscope objective lens of high numerical aperture (NA). Since their invention just over 20 years ago, optical traps have emerged as a powerful tool with broad-reaching applications in biology and physics for their ability to easily measure piconewton forces and subnanometer motions of micron-sized objects. Optical techniques offer a highly controlled driving mechanism that avoids any physical contact with the outside world.
It is very important to measure the interaction potential between two micro-scale colloidal particles in the domination of scientific research and manufacture. A mechanical chopper was designed based on a programmable logic controller, servo motor amplifier, servo motor and encoder. The interaction potential measurement system is constructed by the mechanical chopper and dual optical tweezers. The programmable chopper was synchronized with a CCD camera and switch the optical tweezers on and off accurately. The apparatus was very highly automatic. The characteristic of the system such as the design of the chopper, the switching time of the blinking optical tweezers, the tuning scope, the origin position return function, the compatibility and the usability of the system was discussed. The system was used to measure the interaction potential of a pair of polystyrene spheres. The consistency between the measured result and the Darjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory demonstrates the reliability of DLVO theory. The apparatus provides an effective technique for measuring the interaction potential between two micro colloid particles.
In recent years, reports of an attractive pair potential of a like charged pair of colloids, a pair of dielectric plates, and a plate and a sphere embedded in an electrolyte solution have appeared. An attractive minimum has been reported at small as well as large interparticle distance in bulk solution and at large interparticle distance in a confined fluid. This paper presents a computer simulation model, for studying the regulation and equilibrium of electric double-layer while two colloidal particles approach each other. The computer results and reports of some important papers are in good agreement.
The steric stabilization, which is imparted by polymer molecules grafted onto the colloidal particles, is extensively employed. This paper attempts to study the steric stabilization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers using the blinking optical tweezers, the turbidity and the zeta potential. The results of three methods are in good agreement.
A particle's hydrodynamic coupling to interfaces is an interaction existed widely in dispersion. The hydrodynamic interactions can exert an influence on the Brownian motion and diffusion of particles, which will affect the particles' collision kinetics. In this article, we investigate the diffusion of particles confined by one parallel plane interface using optical induced rotation. The experimental results are consistent with the theory on the hydrodynamic interactions of the particles with interfaces.
The methods, which are based on measuring the intensity of polarized components of the light, for determining the phase retardation and identifying the fast axis of a wave plate are discussed. It is concluded that the real phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate cannot be determined by this kind of methods because the phase retardation of a wave plate is a multiple valued function of the light intensity. A method for measuring phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate using Michelson Interferometer is brought forward, in which the rainbow fringe of the Michelson Interferometer could be used as an indicator for the zero optical path difference. The method was demonstrated by measuring a commercial wave plate. The influence of the optical dispersion of the wave plate material to the measurement is analyzed and the applicable scope of the method is discussed.
本文设计了以机械斩光器为关键器件、以双光镊为核心的双同步闪烁光镊。该系统利用光镊实现捕获、悬浮和排布粒子,而当光镊关闭时,粒子会在热随机力和其它作用力的作用下运动,利用数字显微摄像技术可以精确的测量粒子的运动轨迹,根据统计力学对粒子运动轨迹分析可得出粒子间的相互作用。这使我们能从粒子层次直接测量胶体粒子间相互作用。由于胶体粒子之间的相互作用决定了胶体的稳定程度,光镊成为我们从微观层面研究胶体稳定性的一种实用工具。而胶体稳定性研究在各个生产和生活领域都具有极其重要的地位和意义,历来受到人们的重视。
利用胶体粒子间相互作用势测量系统及相应的实验方法测量了聚苯乙烯球悬浮液中两个小球之间的相互作用势,其结果与经典DLVO理论相符,直接从微观层次验证了该理论的正确性。结合实验具体讨论了影响测量精度和效率的因素。
胶体与聚合物的相互作用是胶体体系稳定性的关键问题之一。有关聚合物调控的胶体稳定和絮凝方面的研究对于食品工业、油漆生产、石油开采等领域有着重要的实用价值。稳定还是絮凝与聚合物是否在粒子表面发生吸附有关。我们利用上述设备及方法测量了聚苯乙烯小球在嵌段共聚物水溶液中的空间相互作用,结合浊度和Zeta电位测量系统研究了嵌段共聚物对分散体系稳定性的影响,几种实验结果都较为一致。
在很多实验研究中出现了带同种电荷胶体粒子间相互吸引的现象,科研工作者提出了很多理论去解释该现象。我们基于粒子表面双电层形变的考虑,对这种现象进行了初步的计算机模拟,模拟结果和已有的实验结果比较符合。
胶体粒子与界面之间的流体动力学相互作用会影响粒子的布朗运动和扩散特性,同时也会影响到粒子之间的碰撞过程,影响到体系的稳定性。我们利用光与粒子之间角动量的传递产生的光致旋转效应测量了粒子在受到单平行界面限制下的扩散特性,取得了和已有的流体动力学理论相一致的结果。
本文总结了各种光镊光致旋转现象的产生方法,系统研究了利用光与粒子之间角动量传递产生的光致旋转现象,初步研究了利用光束对粒子线性动量传递导致的旋转现象。光致旋转的系统研究为微机械马达、全光学开关的研制提供了一种有效手段。
光与粒子之间角动量的传递产生的光致旋转现象研究中,波片是控制旋转方向的关键元件。本文提出用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量波片的相位延迟量及快轴方向的新方法,测量结果表明方法是可靠的。
本文的主要创新点在于:
1、本文设计了一个可编程的同步斩光器,该机械斩光器主要由控制器、伺服电机、编码器和斩光盘等部件组成,斩光器控制器主要包括可编程控制器、伺服电机放大器及控制开关。根据粒子的布朗运动规律,研制出以机械斩光器为关键器件、以双光镊为核心的双同步闪烁光镊系统,该系统能够测量不同类型的胶体粒子间的相互作用。
2、本文利用胶体粒子间相互作用测量系统(双同步闪烁光镊)测量了聚苯乙烯球悬浮液中两个小球间的相互作用势,其结果与经典DLVO理论相符,直接从微观层次验证了该理论的正确性。结合实验具体讨论了影响测量精度和效率的因素。
3、本文利用胶体粒子间相互作用测量系统(双同步闪烁光镊)测量了聚苯乙烯小球在嵌段共聚物水溶液中的空间相互作用,结合浊度法、Zeta电位法系统研究了嵌段共聚物对分散体系稳定性的影响,几种实验结果都较为一致。为实际胶体体系的配置提供了微观理论指导。
Optical tweezers are a noninvasive way to manipulate fluid suspended microscopic objects in three dimensions using a single laser beam focused by a microscope objective lens of high numerical aperture (NA). Since their invention just over 20 years ago, optical traps have emerged as a powerful tool with broad-reaching applications in biology and physics for their ability to easily measure piconewton forces and subnanometer motions of micron-sized objects. Optical techniques offer a highly controlled driving mechanism that avoids any physical contact with the outside world.
It is very important to measure the interaction potential between two micro-scale colloidal particles in the domination of scientific research and manufacture. A mechanical chopper was designed based on a programmable logic controller, servo motor amplifier, servo motor and encoder. The interaction potential measurement system is constructed by the mechanical chopper and dual optical tweezers. The programmable chopper was synchronized with a CCD camera and switch the optical tweezers on and off accurately. The apparatus was very highly automatic. The characteristic of the system such as the design of the chopper, the switching time of the blinking optical tweezers, the tuning scope, the origin position return function, the compatibility and the usability of the system was discussed. The system was used to measure the interaction potential of a pair of polystyrene spheres. The consistency between the measured result and the Darjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory demonstrates the reliability of DLVO theory. The apparatus provides an effective technique for measuring the interaction potential between two micro colloid particles.
In recent years, reports of an attractive pair potential of a like charged pair of colloids, a pair of dielectric plates, and a plate and a sphere embedded in an electrolyte solution have appeared. An attractive minimum has been reported at small as well as large interparticle distance in bulk solution and at large interparticle distance in a confined fluid. This paper presents a computer simulation model, for studying the regulation and equilibrium of electric double-layer while two colloidal particles approach each other. The computer results and reports of some important papers are in good agreement.
The steric stabilization, which is imparted by polymer molecules grafted onto the colloidal particles, is extensively employed. This paper attempts to study the steric stabilization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers using the blinking optical tweezers, the turbidity and the zeta potential. The results of three methods are in good agreement.
A particle's hydrodynamic coupling to interfaces is an interaction existed widely in dispersion. The hydrodynamic interactions can exert an influence on the Brownian motion and diffusion of particles, which will affect the particles' collision kinetics. In this article, we investigate the diffusion of particles confined by one parallel plane interface using optical induced rotation. The experimental results are consistent with the theory on the hydrodynamic interactions of the particles with interfaces.
The methods, which are based on measuring the intensity of polarized components of the light, for determining the phase retardation and identifying the fast axis of a wave plate are discussed. It is concluded that the real phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate cannot be determined by this kind of methods because the phase retardation of a wave plate is a multiple valued function of the light intensity. A method for measuring phase retardation and fast axis of a wave plate using Michelson Interferometer is brought forward, in which the rainbow fringe of the Michelson Interferometer could be used as an indicator for the zero optical path difference. The method was demonstrated by measuring a commercial wave plate. The influence of the optical dispersion of the wave plate material to the measurement is analyzed and the applicable scope of the method is discussed.
引文
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