商河油田南部沙二段沉积体系与油气成藏规律研究
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摘要
商河油田位于惠民凹陷中央隆起带东端,经过三十多年的勘探开发,已进入高成熟勘探阶段。总结该区油气藏分布规律,建立油气成藏模式,指明下一步勘探方向,不仅能为商河油田的滚动勘探开发部署提供地质依据,同时能为其他老油田的挖潜工作提供借鉴和参考。
在对比了高分辨率层序地层学和相控旋回等时对比技术的基础上,认为二者同属于地层精细划分方法,在本质上没有区别,在层序划分级别上有可比性,在实际运用中各有其优缺点,在同一研究中可以结合运用。综合应用两种方法的优点,对商河油田沙二段地层进行了等时划分与对比,在砂层组(中期旋回)的划分中,主要依据标志层,按照相控旋回等时对比技术进行,在小层(短期旋回)的划分中,主要依据高分辨率层序地层学原理,划出各个短期基准面旋回。据此把沙二段地层划分为10个砂层组(中期旋回),34个小层(短期旋回),建立了研究区精细等时地层格架。
商河油田构造整体向东北方向阶梯状抬升,区内发育若干三级断层,且被四级断层复杂化,由断层和构造线共同作用形成数个断块圈闭,构造是研究区油气藏分布的主控因素。应用地层在压实过程中“骨架厚度”保持不变的基本原理,对生长断层上下盘对应层位的地层进行去压实校正,把现今地层厚度恢复到沉积时期的地层厚度,使用沉积时期的地层厚度进行断层活动性的计算,在一定程度上,能够消除断层上下盘地层压实差异的影响,更精确的反应断层活动性的强弱。商河油田南部两条分区断层在沙二沉积时期断层生长指数绝大多数都小于1.1,断层落差小于30m,断层活动强度较弱,对沉积作用的影响较小。通过岩心、测井响应特征、地震反射特征可以识别出火成岩类型及其在空间的分布,惠民凹陷古近系火成岩可分为三类:火山碎屑锥体、溢流玄武岩体、玄武岩或辉绿岩侵入体。火成岩分布具东部多西部少的特点,区域性深大断裂控制了火山岩的分布。
商河油田沙二段为三角洲沉积环境,根据岩性、粒度、原生沉积构造、古生物遗迹、地球化学、测井曲线形态特征等相标志,把三角洲平原亚相进一步划分为分流河道、河道边缘和泛滥平原三个微相,三角洲前缘亚相进一步划分为水下分流河道、分流河口砂坝、远砂坝和水下分流间湾四个微相。总结了沉积相垂向演化模式,由下向上依次为前三角洲→三角洲前缘→前三角洲→三角洲前缘→三角洲平原。在等时地层格架控制下,分析了各个小层的沉积微相空间展布。研究区砂体主要为三角洲前缘亚相的河口坝砂体和三角洲平原亚相的分流河道砂体,沙二下和沙二上的4~6砂组主要发育河口坝砂体,砂体单层厚度可以达到10m,分布稳定,有平面上成片,纵向上叠置分布的特点,沙二上的1~3砂组发育分流河道砂体,单层砂体厚度一般为2~3m,在平面上分布不稳定。
对商河油田油气藏进行了解剖,研究区油气藏类型分属于三大类,构造油气藏、岩性油气藏与复合油气藏,可进一步细分为5类8亚类,其中以构造油气藏为主。油气在平面上主要分布在商13块和商56块两个较大的正向构造中,在垂向上沙二下相对富集。总结了火成岩对油气成藏的影响作用,建立了商河油田沙二段油气成藏模式。根据“木桶理论”,认为圈闭是制约研究区下一步油气勘探的“短板”,明确了下一步勘探方向,沙二下和沙二上4~6砂组以精细构造研究为主,寻找断层、火成岩附近的小型构造圈闭,沙二上1~3砂组以精细地层对比研究为主,确定主力河道分布位置,并与构造研究相结合,寻找构造-岩性复合圈闭。提出了4个有利的勘探目标,预测石油地质储量163.96×104t。
Shanghe oil field, which located in the central uplift belt of Huimin Depression, has come into high ripe exploration phase after a thirty-year exploratory development. Summarizing the distribution of reservoirs, building reservoir accumulation model and indicating further exploration potential, can provide geology criterion for rolling exploration and development for Shanghe oil field, meanwhile, it can give reference to enhancing oil recovery in other similar oil fields.
With synthetic application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy and facies controlled cycle isochronous correlation technology, both of which are delicate sequence stratigraphic correlation methods, Es2 Member in Shanghe oil field is isochronously classified and correlated. Middle-term cycle sequence correlation is mainly based on facies controlled cycle isochronous correlation technology according to indicator horizon, meanwhile, high resolution sequence stratigraphy is considered, which makes the classification plan easier explained on theory; In Short-term cycle sequence correlation, short-term base-level cycles are identified according to high resolution sequence stratigraphy. In the end, delicate sequence stratigraphic framework of Es2 Member is built according to these rules.
The structure of Shanghe oil field uplifts to the northeast in a ladder-like pattern.There are many third-order faults in the region of interest, complicated by fourth-order faults. Several fault block traps are formated by both faults and structural lines, which makes structure the main controlling element of the reservoirs distribution in the researched zone. Most growth indexes of two partition faults in southern Shanghe oil field are less than 1.1 in Es2, and fault throw less than 30m, indicating relatively weak fault activity and small influence on sedimentary.
Es2 Member of Shanghe oil field is deltaic environment; based on the allied facies marks, delta plain facies are divided further into three sub-facies, distributary channel, channel embankment and famada; delta front is divided further into four sub-facies, underwater distributary channel, distributary mouth bar, distal bar and underwater distributary bay. Vertical evolution pattern of sedimentary from base to top successively is described as follows, setted prodelta, delta front, prodelta, delta front and delta plain. Sedimentary microfacies distribution of each sublayer is analyzed under the control of delicate sequence stratigraphic framework. Sand bodies in the region of interest mainly are distributary mouth bar of delta front, and distributary channel of delta plain. Lower Es2 and Fourth to sixth sand sets of upper Es2 are mainly mouth bar sand bodies, with individual layer thickness of 10m, with stable plane distribution and overlapped vertical distribution. The first to third sand sets of upper Es2 are distributary channel sand bodies, with individual layer thickness of 2-3m, with unstable plane distribution.
Reservoirs in the region of interest are divided into structural reservoir, lithologic reservoir and compound reservoir, which can be further divided into 5 groups and 8 subgroups, most of them are structural reservoir. Oil and gas mainly distributed in two major positive elements of plane-Shang 13 Block and Shang 56 Block horizontally, and concentrate in lower Es2 Member vertically. Controlling factors of the reservoirs accumulation are concluded, reservoir accumulation model of Es2 in southern Shanghe oil field is established, which indicates trap is the most important element that dominates further exploration activity. So the next exploration aspect is definited, fine structure research should be applied in lower Es2 and 4-6 sand sets of upper Es2, minor structural traps near to the faults and magmatic rocks should be the target; fine strata classification research should be applied in 1-3 sand sets of upper Es2, structure-lithology compound traps based on the distribution of main river channel and the study of the delicate structure should be the target. In the end, four beneficial exploration targets are proposed, with 163.96×104t forecast IOIP.
在对比了高分辨率层序地层学和相控旋回等时对比技术的基础上,认为二者同属于地层精细划分方法,在本质上没有区别,在层序划分级别上有可比性,在实际运用中各有其优缺点,在同一研究中可以结合运用。综合应用两种方法的优点,对商河油田沙二段地层进行了等时划分与对比,在砂层组(中期旋回)的划分中,主要依据标志层,按照相控旋回等时对比技术进行,在小层(短期旋回)的划分中,主要依据高分辨率层序地层学原理,划出各个短期基准面旋回。据此把沙二段地层划分为10个砂层组(中期旋回),34个小层(短期旋回),建立了研究区精细等时地层格架。
商河油田构造整体向东北方向阶梯状抬升,区内发育若干三级断层,且被四级断层复杂化,由断层和构造线共同作用形成数个断块圈闭,构造是研究区油气藏分布的主控因素。应用地层在压实过程中“骨架厚度”保持不变的基本原理,对生长断层上下盘对应层位的地层进行去压实校正,把现今地层厚度恢复到沉积时期的地层厚度,使用沉积时期的地层厚度进行断层活动性的计算,在一定程度上,能够消除断层上下盘地层压实差异的影响,更精确的反应断层活动性的强弱。商河油田南部两条分区断层在沙二沉积时期断层生长指数绝大多数都小于1.1,断层落差小于30m,断层活动强度较弱,对沉积作用的影响较小。通过岩心、测井响应特征、地震反射特征可以识别出火成岩类型及其在空间的分布,惠民凹陷古近系火成岩可分为三类:火山碎屑锥体、溢流玄武岩体、玄武岩或辉绿岩侵入体。火成岩分布具东部多西部少的特点,区域性深大断裂控制了火山岩的分布。
商河油田沙二段为三角洲沉积环境,根据岩性、粒度、原生沉积构造、古生物遗迹、地球化学、测井曲线形态特征等相标志,把三角洲平原亚相进一步划分为分流河道、河道边缘和泛滥平原三个微相,三角洲前缘亚相进一步划分为水下分流河道、分流河口砂坝、远砂坝和水下分流间湾四个微相。总结了沉积相垂向演化模式,由下向上依次为前三角洲→三角洲前缘→前三角洲→三角洲前缘→三角洲平原。在等时地层格架控制下,分析了各个小层的沉积微相空间展布。研究区砂体主要为三角洲前缘亚相的河口坝砂体和三角洲平原亚相的分流河道砂体,沙二下和沙二上的4~6砂组主要发育河口坝砂体,砂体单层厚度可以达到10m,分布稳定,有平面上成片,纵向上叠置分布的特点,沙二上的1~3砂组发育分流河道砂体,单层砂体厚度一般为2~3m,在平面上分布不稳定。
对商河油田油气藏进行了解剖,研究区油气藏类型分属于三大类,构造油气藏、岩性油气藏与复合油气藏,可进一步细分为5类8亚类,其中以构造油气藏为主。油气在平面上主要分布在商13块和商56块两个较大的正向构造中,在垂向上沙二下相对富集。总结了火成岩对油气成藏的影响作用,建立了商河油田沙二段油气成藏模式。根据“木桶理论”,认为圈闭是制约研究区下一步油气勘探的“短板”,明确了下一步勘探方向,沙二下和沙二上4~6砂组以精细构造研究为主,寻找断层、火成岩附近的小型构造圈闭,沙二上1~3砂组以精细地层对比研究为主,确定主力河道分布位置,并与构造研究相结合,寻找构造-岩性复合圈闭。提出了4个有利的勘探目标,预测石油地质储量163.96×104t。
Shanghe oil field, which located in the central uplift belt of Huimin Depression, has come into high ripe exploration phase after a thirty-year exploratory development. Summarizing the distribution of reservoirs, building reservoir accumulation model and indicating further exploration potential, can provide geology criterion for rolling exploration and development for Shanghe oil field, meanwhile, it can give reference to enhancing oil recovery in other similar oil fields.
With synthetic application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy and facies controlled cycle isochronous correlation technology, both of which are delicate sequence stratigraphic correlation methods, Es2 Member in Shanghe oil field is isochronously classified and correlated. Middle-term cycle sequence correlation is mainly based on facies controlled cycle isochronous correlation technology according to indicator horizon, meanwhile, high resolution sequence stratigraphy is considered, which makes the classification plan easier explained on theory; In Short-term cycle sequence correlation, short-term base-level cycles are identified according to high resolution sequence stratigraphy. In the end, delicate sequence stratigraphic framework of Es2 Member is built according to these rules.
The structure of Shanghe oil field uplifts to the northeast in a ladder-like pattern.There are many third-order faults in the region of interest, complicated by fourth-order faults. Several fault block traps are formated by both faults and structural lines, which makes structure the main controlling element of the reservoirs distribution in the researched zone. Most growth indexes of two partition faults in southern Shanghe oil field are less than 1.1 in Es2, and fault throw less than 30m, indicating relatively weak fault activity and small influence on sedimentary.
Es2 Member of Shanghe oil field is deltaic environment; based on the allied facies marks, delta plain facies are divided further into three sub-facies, distributary channel, channel embankment and famada; delta front is divided further into four sub-facies, underwater distributary channel, distributary mouth bar, distal bar and underwater distributary bay. Vertical evolution pattern of sedimentary from base to top successively is described as follows, setted prodelta, delta front, prodelta, delta front and delta plain. Sedimentary microfacies distribution of each sublayer is analyzed under the control of delicate sequence stratigraphic framework. Sand bodies in the region of interest mainly are distributary mouth bar of delta front, and distributary channel of delta plain. Lower Es2 and Fourth to sixth sand sets of upper Es2 are mainly mouth bar sand bodies, with individual layer thickness of 10m, with stable plane distribution and overlapped vertical distribution. The first to third sand sets of upper Es2 are distributary channel sand bodies, with individual layer thickness of 2-3m, with unstable plane distribution.
Reservoirs in the region of interest are divided into structural reservoir, lithologic reservoir and compound reservoir, which can be further divided into 5 groups and 8 subgroups, most of them are structural reservoir. Oil and gas mainly distributed in two major positive elements of plane-Shang 13 Block and Shang 56 Block horizontally, and concentrate in lower Es2 Member vertically. Controlling factors of the reservoirs accumulation are concluded, reservoir accumulation model of Es2 in southern Shanghe oil field is established, which indicates trap is the most important element that dominates further exploration activity. So the next exploration aspect is definited, fine structure research should be applied in lower Es2 and 4-6 sand sets of upper Es2, minor structural traps near to the faults and magmatic rocks should be the target; fine strata classification research should be applied in 1-3 sand sets of upper Es2, structure-lithology compound traps based on the distribution of main river channel and the study of the delicate structure should be the target. In the end, four beneficial exploration targets are proposed, with 163.96×104t forecast IOIP.
引文
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