英台地区萨葡高油层沉积体系及储层特征研究
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摘要
以大庆油田英台地区为研究区,以萨尔图、葡萄花和高台子油层为目的层段,主要目的是在精细岩心观察描述的基础上,结合测井资料和地震资料对研究区的沉积体系进行精细解析,并结合构造特征和演化情况分析构造对沉积的控制,对储层内部泥质薄层、微观孔隙几何特征和低电阻率油层进行研究,结合油水关系控制因素的分析,最终对含油有利区带进行预测。
通过岩心观察对研究区砂体的构造特征和垂向序列特征进行了详细分类,并识别出水下分流河道、水下决口扇、河口坝和席状砂4种主要砂体成因微相。在平面微相展布研究的基础上将研究区三角洲前缘亚相划分为三角洲内前缘和三角洲外前缘。内前缘主要发育水下分流河道和水下决口扇砂体,前者物性好、单向连通性好,后者单期独立性强,多期叠置后可形成砂体连片假象;外前缘砂体连片性非常强,但是砂体内部发育大量水平或近水平泥质薄层,储层的垂向非均质性较强。重点对研究区水下决口的成因、砂体物性、垂向序列特征及对油水关系的影响进行了精细研究。
以岩心观察中发现的大量毫米级泥质薄层(泥膜)为基础,对泥膜进行了精细的观察、统计和分类,并对其表面的微变形构造进行了研究,从差异压实、顺层滑脱、生物扰动、地震作用等方面对微变形的成因进行了分析。通过岩心精确统计确定了泥膜的发育频率,并与沉积微相相结合提出了预测方法,认为英台地区席状砂内泥膜的发育频率在每米20-50条之间,河口坝砂体内泥膜的发育频率在每米10-20条之间,并用Eclipse软件用数值模拟的方式对泥膜在储层开发中的影响程度做了量化研究。
根据三角洲砂体平面分布和泥质薄层垂向发育的规律性尤其是其自相似性,从空间(平面)和时间(垂向)两个方面进行了总结,同时结合相关地质资料和国内外有关文献,初步提出了“地质全息”理论,认为地质体不仅是物质颗粒的沉积,同时也是地质信息的沉积,局部地质体可以包含其所在整体的大部分甚至全部信息。地质全息表现在地质体形态、地质活动频率和地质信息三个方面。
针对不同沉积微相形成的砂体,对其微观孔隙几何特征进行了分析,提取计算了4种微相砂体的分维数,根据分维数的分布特征对其储集性能进行了对比分析。根据部分粉砂岩储层中含有大量黄铁矿结合的现象,对研究区低电阻率油层的成因进行了总结,并使用试油资料为标准样进行测井特征聚类判别的方法对研究区低阻油层进行了预测。
最后根据对英台地区沉积体系和部分储层特征的研究,综合利用试油资料和测井解释资料对油水关系进行分析,结合具体剖面确定了不同层位、不同区域的横向/垂向油水关系控制因素,最终对研究区不同层位的有利含油区进行了预测。
The main target of this paper is to analyze the sedimentary environment of S/P/G reservoirs in YingTai area base on delicate core description and combine the material of well logging and seismic, and then analyze the control of the structure to the sedimentary system by analyze the structure characters. Study on the mud thin zone, geometry character of mirco-hole and the low electric resistivity reservoirs, and analyze the control factors of the oil-water relationship and forecast the beneficial area at last.
Analyze the characters and kinds of the structure and vertical sequence, identify four micro faces which related reservoirs: under water distributary channel, under water crevasse splay, mouth bar and sand sheet. Dispart the delta front to inner delta front and outer delta front. The sand bodies of the inner delta front are from under water distributary channels and under water crevasse splays, the former is good at the physical property and has a good single pass connectivity, and the latter has a high independence and can form a suit of fake- connected sand body. The sand bodies of the outer delta front have high flat connectivity, but there are many mud thin zones, and the vertical heterogeneity is powerful.
Base on many mud films in the core, observe and statistics the mud films and the micro structures of them. Analyses the genesis of the mud films from the sedimentary dynamics and lithogenesis, and analyze the genesis of the micro structures from the factors such as biology disturbance, seismic action et al. Statistic the number of the mud films by the core observing and confirm the frequency of them. Confirm there are 20-50 mud films in the front sheet and 10-20 in the mouth bar. Progress a finite numeral simulation to the mud film by the Eclipse software.
According the self-similarity of the sand flat conformation of delta sand and the vertical frequency of the mud thin bed and combine some basic geologic material and interrelated literatures, bring the theory of holographic geology first time, think that geological bodies are generated not only the physical grain, but also the sedimentary of the geological information, local geological body can contain much or all information of the whole geological body which it belong to. The phenomena of geological holography can be found in three fields: geological configuration, activity frequency and information of geological bodies.
Study on the geometry characters of the micro hole generated by different micro faces, extract and calculate the fractal dimension of them, and analyses the character of the reservoirs from the view angle of FD. Due to there are some pyrite tubercles in some silt, according to that pyrite tubercles can bring low electric resistivity reservoirs, study on the origin of the low electric resistivity reservoirs in study area and use the method of clustering differentiate of low- resistivity layers by logging eigenvalues to forecast some low- resistivity layers in study area.
Analyze the control of the structure to the sedimentary system by the analyses of the structure characters and structure evolution. Use the data of testing for oil and well logging interpretation combine some sections to confirm the control element of the oil-water, and synthesize all the studies in this paper, forecast some beneficial zones in different oil layers.
通过岩心观察对研究区砂体的构造特征和垂向序列特征进行了详细分类,并识别出水下分流河道、水下决口扇、河口坝和席状砂4种主要砂体成因微相。在平面微相展布研究的基础上将研究区三角洲前缘亚相划分为三角洲内前缘和三角洲外前缘。内前缘主要发育水下分流河道和水下决口扇砂体,前者物性好、单向连通性好,后者单期独立性强,多期叠置后可形成砂体连片假象;外前缘砂体连片性非常强,但是砂体内部发育大量水平或近水平泥质薄层,储层的垂向非均质性较强。重点对研究区水下决口的成因、砂体物性、垂向序列特征及对油水关系的影响进行了精细研究。
以岩心观察中发现的大量毫米级泥质薄层(泥膜)为基础,对泥膜进行了精细的观察、统计和分类,并对其表面的微变形构造进行了研究,从差异压实、顺层滑脱、生物扰动、地震作用等方面对微变形的成因进行了分析。通过岩心精确统计确定了泥膜的发育频率,并与沉积微相相结合提出了预测方法,认为英台地区席状砂内泥膜的发育频率在每米20-50条之间,河口坝砂体内泥膜的发育频率在每米10-20条之间,并用Eclipse软件用数值模拟的方式对泥膜在储层开发中的影响程度做了量化研究。
根据三角洲砂体平面分布和泥质薄层垂向发育的规律性尤其是其自相似性,从空间(平面)和时间(垂向)两个方面进行了总结,同时结合相关地质资料和国内外有关文献,初步提出了“地质全息”理论,认为地质体不仅是物质颗粒的沉积,同时也是地质信息的沉积,局部地质体可以包含其所在整体的大部分甚至全部信息。地质全息表现在地质体形态、地质活动频率和地质信息三个方面。
针对不同沉积微相形成的砂体,对其微观孔隙几何特征进行了分析,提取计算了4种微相砂体的分维数,根据分维数的分布特征对其储集性能进行了对比分析。根据部分粉砂岩储层中含有大量黄铁矿结合的现象,对研究区低电阻率油层的成因进行了总结,并使用试油资料为标准样进行测井特征聚类判别的方法对研究区低阻油层进行了预测。
最后根据对英台地区沉积体系和部分储层特征的研究,综合利用试油资料和测井解释资料对油水关系进行分析,结合具体剖面确定了不同层位、不同区域的横向/垂向油水关系控制因素,最终对研究区不同层位的有利含油区进行了预测。
The main target of this paper is to analyze the sedimentary environment of S/P/G reservoirs in YingTai area base on delicate core description and combine the material of well logging and seismic, and then analyze the control of the structure to the sedimentary system by analyze the structure characters. Study on the mud thin zone, geometry character of mirco-hole and the low electric resistivity reservoirs, and analyze the control factors of the oil-water relationship and forecast the beneficial area at last.
Analyze the characters and kinds of the structure and vertical sequence, identify four micro faces which related reservoirs: under water distributary channel, under water crevasse splay, mouth bar and sand sheet. Dispart the delta front to inner delta front and outer delta front. The sand bodies of the inner delta front are from under water distributary channels and under water crevasse splays, the former is good at the physical property and has a good single pass connectivity, and the latter has a high independence and can form a suit of fake- connected sand body. The sand bodies of the outer delta front have high flat connectivity, but there are many mud thin zones, and the vertical heterogeneity is powerful.
Base on many mud films in the core, observe and statistics the mud films and the micro structures of them. Analyses the genesis of the mud films from the sedimentary dynamics and lithogenesis, and analyze the genesis of the micro structures from the factors such as biology disturbance, seismic action et al. Statistic the number of the mud films by the core observing and confirm the frequency of them. Confirm there are 20-50 mud films in the front sheet and 10-20 in the mouth bar. Progress a finite numeral simulation to the mud film by the Eclipse software.
According the self-similarity of the sand flat conformation of delta sand and the vertical frequency of the mud thin bed and combine some basic geologic material and interrelated literatures, bring the theory of holographic geology first time, think that geological bodies are generated not only the physical grain, but also the sedimentary of the geological information, local geological body can contain much or all information of the whole geological body which it belong to. The phenomena of geological holography can be found in three fields: geological configuration, activity frequency and information of geological bodies.
Study on the geometry characters of the micro hole generated by different micro faces, extract and calculate the fractal dimension of them, and analyses the character of the reservoirs from the view angle of FD. Due to there are some pyrite tubercles in some silt, according to that pyrite tubercles can bring low electric resistivity reservoirs, study on the origin of the low electric resistivity reservoirs in study area and use the method of clustering differentiate of low- resistivity layers by logging eigenvalues to forecast some low- resistivity layers in study area.
Analyze the control of the structure to the sedimentary system by the analyses of the structure characters and structure evolution. Use the data of testing for oil and well logging interpretation combine some sections to confirm the control element of the oil-water, and synthesize all the studies in this paper, forecast some beneficial zones in different oil layers.
引文
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