查干凹陷下白垩统层序地层及油气成藏特征研究
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摘要
本文立足于查干凹陷勘探实践,从构造研究出发,运用层序地层学理论对研究区进行层序地层的划分,在层序格架范围内对沉积相和火山岩相进行研究,最后运用成藏理论对成藏特征进行研究,分析成藏的主控因素。
通过对全区地震数据进行精细构造解释,认为查干凹陷出现了伸展、反转、走滑和复合多种构造组合样式。根据沉积补偿原理提出地层厚度系数研究构造运动的方法,利用沉积厚度法对构造活动进行研究,显示出查干凹陷苏一至苏二段沉积时期明显存在一个北西—南东向的“跷跷板”构造运动,在此认识之上运用平衡剖面法研究其构造演化,中生代白垩纪以来经历了裂陷阶段、断坳转换阶段、坳陷阶段和反转阶段。
运用层序地层学理论和岩芯、测井地震等资料,进行层序地层划分并建立了查干凹陷下白垩统层序地层格架和层序发育模式。整个下白垩统为一个二级构造层序,进一步划分为6个层序16个体系域。利用断面沟扇体系及基底形态、地震反射结构、粘土矿物组合、岩屑类型、重矿物组合明确古流向和物源。查干西次凹主要物源来自于南北两个轴向物源,次要物源来自于西尼凸起和“毛敦次凸”;东次凹物源来自于东部狼山。
在层序格架建立和物源研究的基础上,以体系域为单元研究了沉积相展布及演化规律。从早到晚,巴音戈壁组成了由近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、浅-较深湖相到滨浅湖相带展布,苏红图组以水下扇、火山岩相与滨浅湖相间互为特征,银根组沉积相逐渐为冲积扇与河流相所取代,最终建立查干凹陷湖盆沉积模式。
通过岩电特征对比分析火山岩的测井响应,在地震剖面上建立火山岩地震响应及识别模式,火山岩岩相类型主要有:爆发相、溢流相和火山沉积相。火山岩展布规律研究表明,苏一时期到苏二早期,火山喷发中心由巴润断层转至毛西断层,到苏二晚期火山活动减弱,喷发中心转至巴润断层南段,银根组沉积时期,喷发中心位于虎勒断层与图拉格断层交汇处,在此基础上建立了查干凹陷裂隙式和中心式火山岩喷发模式。
在层序地层学分析的基础上运用成藏理论对查干凹陷油气成藏条件特征进行了研究,包括烃源岩特征、储集特征、生储盖组合特征、油气运移特征、圈闭特征和保存特征等与成藏过程有关的各个方面。最终综合成藏特征分析了查干凹陷的油气富集控制因素,预测了乌南断鼻圈闭,乌力吉构造-岩性复合圈闭两个成藏有利区带。
Based on consulting a number of exploration experience of sag and structure research, we make full use of the theory of sequence stratigraphy to divide sequences, which is foundation framework of examining sedimentary facies and volcanic rock facies, and then we can anlysis the main conditions for oil accumulation by researching reservoir formation characteristics by means of accumulation theory.
This paper uses mension seismic data from Chagan area to describe the complex structures. The structural style of this area involve Extensional Structures, reversal structures, strike-slip structures and Compound structures. Basing on the rule of sedimentary compensation, the formation thickness coefficient was advanced to study tectonic movement. The result shows that this area develops a tectonic movement which we named“seesaw”. The critical time of this tectonic movement was between the first member of Suhongtu Formation (K1s1) and the second member of it (K1s2). Basing on the conclusion above, Characteristics of Structural Evolution was studied by Analysis the balanced section and it involve 4 stage: faulting stage, faulted depression-depression stage, depression stage and shrinking stage.
Based on sequence stratigraphy and analyses of cores, logging and seismic information, the sequence stratigraphy was classified and the sequence stratigraphic framework was established. The lower Cretaceous constitute a second-order sequences that can be further divided into 6 third-order sequences and 16 system tracts. Source orientation was studied by using Basement and fractured surface form, Seismic Reflection structure, Clay Mineral Assemblages, cuttings type and heavy mineral Combination. The result show that the main source of the western Depression come from south direction and north direction and the subordinate source come from XiNi uplift and MaoDun uplift. The main source of the eastern Depression come from east direction named Lang mountain.
After establishing the sequence framework and researching source, we studied the distribution and evolution law of sedimentary facies in every system tract. There are different sedimentary facies associations in different formations which developed from earlier to later. The mainly sedimentary facies is the association of nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta, shallow-semi-deep lake and shore-shallow lacustrine in the K1b. The sedimentary characteristic of K1s is the interbedding of underwater fan, volcanic facies and shore-shallow lacustrine. The association of alluvial fan and fluvial facies play more and more important part in the K1y. Finally the sedimentation model of Chagan basin is set up.
Seismic response and recognition model of volcanic rock was established based on the comparison between rock-electricity character and seismic date. volcanic rock facies types mainly include: eruption facies, overflowfacies and volcanic sedimentary facies. We researched the volcanic rock distribution and the result show that the volcanic eruption centers was changed from the BaRen fault at K1s1 to MaoXi fault at early K1s2 then to south BaRen fault at late K1s2 and the volcanic eruption centers located in the Hule fault and Tulage fault crossing area at K1y. At last we established the eruption models including fissure type and central type.
Applying the theory of oil accumulation and analysis of the sequence stratigraphy, I make a research, including the characteristic of source rock, reservoir, source-reservoir-cap assemblage, hydrocarbon migration, trap and preservation etc. After comprehensive research, we recognize the main influential factor of oil and gas accumulation and get the conclusion: fault nose trap of WuNan, structural-lithologic trap of WuLiji act as the exploration Favorable Zone.
通过对全区地震数据进行精细构造解释,认为查干凹陷出现了伸展、反转、走滑和复合多种构造组合样式。根据沉积补偿原理提出地层厚度系数研究构造运动的方法,利用沉积厚度法对构造活动进行研究,显示出查干凹陷苏一至苏二段沉积时期明显存在一个北西—南东向的“跷跷板”构造运动,在此认识之上运用平衡剖面法研究其构造演化,中生代白垩纪以来经历了裂陷阶段、断坳转换阶段、坳陷阶段和反转阶段。
运用层序地层学理论和岩芯、测井地震等资料,进行层序地层划分并建立了查干凹陷下白垩统层序地层格架和层序发育模式。整个下白垩统为一个二级构造层序,进一步划分为6个层序16个体系域。利用断面沟扇体系及基底形态、地震反射结构、粘土矿物组合、岩屑类型、重矿物组合明确古流向和物源。查干西次凹主要物源来自于南北两个轴向物源,次要物源来自于西尼凸起和“毛敦次凸”;东次凹物源来自于东部狼山。
在层序格架建立和物源研究的基础上,以体系域为单元研究了沉积相展布及演化规律。从早到晚,巴音戈壁组成了由近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、浅-较深湖相到滨浅湖相带展布,苏红图组以水下扇、火山岩相与滨浅湖相间互为特征,银根组沉积相逐渐为冲积扇与河流相所取代,最终建立查干凹陷湖盆沉积模式。
通过岩电特征对比分析火山岩的测井响应,在地震剖面上建立火山岩地震响应及识别模式,火山岩岩相类型主要有:爆发相、溢流相和火山沉积相。火山岩展布规律研究表明,苏一时期到苏二早期,火山喷发中心由巴润断层转至毛西断层,到苏二晚期火山活动减弱,喷发中心转至巴润断层南段,银根组沉积时期,喷发中心位于虎勒断层与图拉格断层交汇处,在此基础上建立了查干凹陷裂隙式和中心式火山岩喷发模式。
在层序地层学分析的基础上运用成藏理论对查干凹陷油气成藏条件特征进行了研究,包括烃源岩特征、储集特征、生储盖组合特征、油气运移特征、圈闭特征和保存特征等与成藏过程有关的各个方面。最终综合成藏特征分析了查干凹陷的油气富集控制因素,预测了乌南断鼻圈闭,乌力吉构造-岩性复合圈闭两个成藏有利区带。
Based on consulting a number of exploration experience of sag and structure research, we make full use of the theory of sequence stratigraphy to divide sequences, which is foundation framework of examining sedimentary facies and volcanic rock facies, and then we can anlysis the main conditions for oil accumulation by researching reservoir formation characteristics by means of accumulation theory.
This paper uses mension seismic data from Chagan area to describe the complex structures. The structural style of this area involve Extensional Structures, reversal structures, strike-slip structures and Compound structures. Basing on the rule of sedimentary compensation, the formation thickness coefficient was advanced to study tectonic movement. The result shows that this area develops a tectonic movement which we named“seesaw”. The critical time of this tectonic movement was between the first member of Suhongtu Formation (K1s1) and the second member of it (K1s2). Basing on the conclusion above, Characteristics of Structural Evolution was studied by Analysis the balanced section and it involve 4 stage: faulting stage, faulted depression-depression stage, depression stage and shrinking stage.
Based on sequence stratigraphy and analyses of cores, logging and seismic information, the sequence stratigraphy was classified and the sequence stratigraphic framework was established. The lower Cretaceous constitute a second-order sequences that can be further divided into 6 third-order sequences and 16 system tracts. Source orientation was studied by using Basement and fractured surface form, Seismic Reflection structure, Clay Mineral Assemblages, cuttings type and heavy mineral Combination. The result show that the main source of the western Depression come from south direction and north direction and the subordinate source come from XiNi uplift and MaoDun uplift. The main source of the eastern Depression come from east direction named Lang mountain.
After establishing the sequence framework and researching source, we studied the distribution and evolution law of sedimentary facies in every system tract. There are different sedimentary facies associations in different formations which developed from earlier to later. The mainly sedimentary facies is the association of nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta, shallow-semi-deep lake and shore-shallow lacustrine in the K1b. The sedimentary characteristic of K1s is the interbedding of underwater fan, volcanic facies and shore-shallow lacustrine. The association of alluvial fan and fluvial facies play more and more important part in the K1y. Finally the sedimentation model of Chagan basin is set up.
Seismic response and recognition model of volcanic rock was established based on the comparison between rock-electricity character and seismic date. volcanic rock facies types mainly include: eruption facies, overflowfacies and volcanic sedimentary facies. We researched the volcanic rock distribution and the result show that the volcanic eruption centers was changed from the BaRen fault at K1s1 to MaoXi fault at early K1s2 then to south BaRen fault at late K1s2 and the volcanic eruption centers located in the Hule fault and Tulage fault crossing area at K1y. At last we established the eruption models including fissure type and central type.
Applying the theory of oil accumulation and analysis of the sequence stratigraphy, I make a research, including the characteristic of source rock, reservoir, source-reservoir-cap assemblage, hydrocarbon migration, trap and preservation etc. After comprehensive research, we recognize the main influential factor of oil and gas accumulation and get the conclusion: fault nose trap of WuNan, structural-lithologic trap of WuLiji act as the exploration Favorable Zone.
引文
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