风电—燃气轮机互补发电系统若干关键问题的研究
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摘要
由于风的随机性、间歇性与不可控性,大规模风电开发所带来的风电场出力波动、不可调度性以及电网稳定性逐渐成为风能领域的关键和难点问题,研究如何从根本上解决由于风电大规模开发所带来的技术瓶颈具有重要意义。本文依据大型风电场出力波动的特点,研究了采用单轴燃气轮机电站与风电场组成互补发电系统的若干关键问题,主要内容包括:
1.提出了风气互补系统的构想、组成原则和设计方案。在充分调研的基础上,针对风电场出力波动和不可调度性,研究了与风电场组成互补系统所需要的条件、设计原则和结构特点。研究结果表明,小型燃气轮机电站可以作为大型风电场的互补发电设备,并根据实测的新疆达坂城风电场风速数据,得到了在达坂城风电场发展风气互补发电系统的设计方案。
2.分析了风气互补发电系统的经济性和敏感性。将经济性分析方法和敏感性分析应用到风气互补发电系统的经济性分析中。研究结果表明,风气互补发电系统具有一定的竞争性,并提出了降低系统发电成本的可行性措施以及努力的方向。
3.建立了风速预报与风电场整体风速功率模型。利用实测风速数据,采用AMRA预测模型,对风速作反复训练与检测来选择一组合适的模型参数。通过分析机组来流风流动的特点和能量分布,在考虑机组间多种效应和一定假设条件的基础上,建立了风电场多机风速功率模型。
4.建立了风气互补发电系统的机组组合和优化调度模型。以单位时间段内发电成本最小的目标函数,考虑电网系统的调度需求和燃气轮机的部分负荷效率、最小启停时间与次数等约束条件,采用遗传优化算法,求解了燃气轮机电站之间的机组组合和负荷优化调度问题。
最后,根据大型风电机组的机理模型、电网模型以及燃气轮机模型,建立了集成的风气互补发电系统的仿真模型并研究了其动态特性。研究结果表明,小型燃气轮机电站能够达到风气互补发电系统的动态特性要求。
Owing to the randomness, intermittence and uncontrollability of the incoming wind, the output fluctuation of wind farm, un-dispatching and power grid stability gradually became the key and difficult problems with the large-scale development of wind power. It is very important to study how to solve those technological bottlenecks radically. Considering the characteristics of the output fluctuation of wind farm, this dissertation presents the several key issues of hybrid power system combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:
1. The frameworks, principles and design scheme of wind/gas turbine hybrid power system are proposed. Based on the output fluctuation of wind farm and un-dispatching ability, this paper presents the conditions, design principles and plant structures to form the hybrid power system. The result shows that small gas turbine power plants can be used to compensate the output fluctuation of wind farm. According to the local wind energy resource, the design scheme of the wind/gas turbine hybrid power system in Dabancheng (Xinjiang region) wind farm is investigated.
2. The economic and sensitivity of the wind/gas turbine hybrid power system are analysized. Applying economic and sensitivity analysis methods on wind/gas turbine hybrid power system, the results show the hybrid power system is economic feasible. The measures for reducing the cost of electricity of hybrid power system are discussed in detail.
3. A prediction model of wind speed and an integrated model of wind farm are presented. Using actual wind speed data and AMRA prediction model, a suitable model structure and relative parameters are choosen to predict the wind speed. According to analysis on the characteristics of incoming wind speed and energy distribution of wind turbine, integrated wind-power model of wind farm is proposed on the base with consideration of several effects and assumptions.
4. The unit commitment and optimal load sharing model are proposed. The minimum cost of electricity in unit time interval is considered as the objective function. The dispatching load requirement from power grid, partial load efficiency of gas turbine, minimal start/stop number and time interval are used as constraints. Applying genetic algorithm, the unit commitment and optimal load sharing among the gas turbine power plants are solved for actual system.
Finally, the simulation models and dynamic characteristics of wind-gas turbine hybrid power system are discussed based on the model of wind turbine unit, power grid and gas turbine power plants. The result shows gas turbine power plants can respond adequately to compensate the output fluctuation of wind farm.
1.提出了风气互补系统的构想、组成原则和设计方案。在充分调研的基础上,针对风电场出力波动和不可调度性,研究了与风电场组成互补系统所需要的条件、设计原则和结构特点。研究结果表明,小型燃气轮机电站可以作为大型风电场的互补发电设备,并根据实测的新疆达坂城风电场风速数据,得到了在达坂城风电场发展风气互补发电系统的设计方案。
2.分析了风气互补发电系统的经济性和敏感性。将经济性分析方法和敏感性分析应用到风气互补发电系统的经济性分析中。研究结果表明,风气互补发电系统具有一定的竞争性,并提出了降低系统发电成本的可行性措施以及努力的方向。
3.建立了风速预报与风电场整体风速功率模型。利用实测风速数据,采用AMRA预测模型,对风速作反复训练与检测来选择一组合适的模型参数。通过分析机组来流风流动的特点和能量分布,在考虑机组间多种效应和一定假设条件的基础上,建立了风电场多机风速功率模型。
4.建立了风气互补发电系统的机组组合和优化调度模型。以单位时间段内发电成本最小的目标函数,考虑电网系统的调度需求和燃气轮机的部分负荷效率、最小启停时间与次数等约束条件,采用遗传优化算法,求解了燃气轮机电站之间的机组组合和负荷优化调度问题。
最后,根据大型风电机组的机理模型、电网模型以及燃气轮机模型,建立了集成的风气互补发电系统的仿真模型并研究了其动态特性。研究结果表明,小型燃气轮机电站能够达到风气互补发电系统的动态特性要求。
Owing to the randomness, intermittence and uncontrollability of the incoming wind, the output fluctuation of wind farm, un-dispatching and power grid stability gradually became the key and difficult problems with the large-scale development of wind power. It is very important to study how to solve those technological bottlenecks radically. Considering the characteristics of the output fluctuation of wind farm, this dissertation presents the several key issues of hybrid power system combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:
1. The frameworks, principles and design scheme of wind/gas turbine hybrid power system are proposed. Based on the output fluctuation of wind farm and un-dispatching ability, this paper presents the conditions, design principles and plant structures to form the hybrid power system. The result shows that small gas turbine power plants can be used to compensate the output fluctuation of wind farm. According to the local wind energy resource, the design scheme of the wind/gas turbine hybrid power system in Dabancheng (Xinjiang region) wind farm is investigated.
2. The economic and sensitivity of the wind/gas turbine hybrid power system are analysized. Applying economic and sensitivity analysis methods on wind/gas turbine hybrid power system, the results show the hybrid power system is economic feasible. The measures for reducing the cost of electricity of hybrid power system are discussed in detail.
3. A prediction model of wind speed and an integrated model of wind farm are presented. Using actual wind speed data and AMRA prediction model, a suitable model structure and relative parameters are choosen to predict the wind speed. According to analysis on the characteristics of incoming wind speed and energy distribution of wind turbine, integrated wind-power model of wind farm is proposed on the base with consideration of several effects and assumptions.
4. The unit commitment and optimal load sharing model are proposed. The minimum cost of electricity in unit time interval is considered as the objective function. The dispatching load requirement from power grid, partial load efficiency of gas turbine, minimal start/stop number and time interval are used as constraints. Applying genetic algorithm, the unit commitment and optimal load sharing among the gas turbine power plants are solved for actual system.
Finally, the simulation models and dynamic characteristics of wind-gas turbine hybrid power system are discussed based on the model of wind turbine unit, power grid and gas turbine power plants. The result shows gas turbine power plants can respond adequately to compensate the output fluctuation of wind farm.
引文
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