长距离调水工程水质安全研究与应用
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摘要
近年来,国家加大开展水环境保护和水污染防治等工作的力度,其中调水工程水质安全是保障人民饮水安全的一个关键问题,但至今尚未系统解决。作者在参加引滦入津水源保护工程管理信息系统建设开发的过程中,探索研究长距离调水工程水质安全若干重要问题,得到了一些启发,进而开展了研究工作,具体包括以下几个方面:
(1)在归纳总结国内外长距离调水工程的特点和研究水质状况工作的基础上,提出长距离调水工程水质安全的基本概念,认为调水工程水质安全不单单是水源区和输水线路上水体自身的水质状况达标,更深一层是调水工程对流域生态环境的影响,归根到底是调水区和受水区人民的生命安全,体现了以人为本、人与自然和谐发展。
(2)将河道水质模型、湖泊(水库)水质模型和水质评价模型联合起来,建立调水工程水质安全模型。从实际工程出发,以引滦入津调水工程为例,借鉴前人的研究成果,分析引滦20年来的水文水质监测成果,通过模型率定和模型验证,引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型精度较好,能对引滦全线水体水质进行趋势预测,掌握沿线各特征断面的水质的变化情况。
(3)基于引滦入津工程水质现状,分析引滦沿线和于桥水库所面临的水环境问题,应用引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型,解决水质安全问题:研究黎河段河道冲污以解决输水初期入库水质比静水期差的问题;模拟于桥水库水质变化趋势,对于桥水库富营养化状况进行评价及预警;对于桥水库洪沥面源污染进行模拟分析进而控制面污染源;对水污染突发事件进行模拟预测,精确掌握污染物扩散速度和对下游的影响,为及时做出响应和采取相应措施提供科学依据。
(4)以引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型为核心,结合网络、计算机、数据库、通信、3S等信息技术开发了引滦入津水资源管理系统,实现引滦入津调水工程水质安全管理的现代化,为其他引供水信息系统建设提供经验。
In recent years, the government makes greater efforts to protect water environment and prevent water pollution. It is critical that the security of water quality of water diversion project ensures the people’s drinking water security, which has not been solved by now. The author participated in the process of developing the water conservation project management information system of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project. The certain important questions of the security of water quality of long distance water diversion project were analyzed. The main study results are as follows:
Based on the summarizing the characters of long distance water diversion project and studying on water quality status, the paper presents the concept of the security of water quality of long distance water diversion project. The concept points out that not only the water quality in the water source and water diversion route should meet the standard, it should also consider the influence of the diversion project on the ecological environment of the basin. Finally, it means life safety in the water supply and reception region and manifests the person and the nature harmonious development.
By combining with river and reservoir water quality model and water quality evaluation model, the paper established the security of water quality of water diversion project model. Taking Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project as an example, the paper analyze hydrographic and water quality data of last twenty years. Based on the model verification, the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model can simulate and predict the water quality of section along the water diversion route more precisely.
Based on the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model, the secure problem of water quality was solved. For instance, study on the pollutant sluicing in the Li-river, the problem of water quality of inflow of Yuqiao reservoir on the initial period of water diversion worse than the still water was solved. The model simulated and predicted the water quality, evaluated eutrophication of Yuqiao reservoir and warned danger. The non-point pollution sources were controlled by simulating the influence of non-point pollution sources by flood flow of Yuqiao reservoir. By simulating and predicting the water pollution emergency, the pollutant diffusion velocity and the influence of pollution in downstream were accurately calculated. It provides scientific foundation for making the response and taking measures promptly.
Based on the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model, combined with internet, computer, database, communication and 3S technology, water resource management of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project was developed. It provides valuable experience for other diversion project.
(1)在归纳总结国内外长距离调水工程的特点和研究水质状况工作的基础上,提出长距离调水工程水质安全的基本概念,认为调水工程水质安全不单单是水源区和输水线路上水体自身的水质状况达标,更深一层是调水工程对流域生态环境的影响,归根到底是调水区和受水区人民的生命安全,体现了以人为本、人与自然和谐发展。
(2)将河道水质模型、湖泊(水库)水质模型和水质评价模型联合起来,建立调水工程水质安全模型。从实际工程出发,以引滦入津调水工程为例,借鉴前人的研究成果,分析引滦20年来的水文水质监测成果,通过模型率定和模型验证,引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型精度较好,能对引滦全线水体水质进行趋势预测,掌握沿线各特征断面的水质的变化情况。
(3)基于引滦入津工程水质现状,分析引滦沿线和于桥水库所面临的水环境问题,应用引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型,解决水质安全问题:研究黎河段河道冲污以解决输水初期入库水质比静水期差的问题;模拟于桥水库水质变化趋势,对于桥水库富营养化状况进行评价及预警;对于桥水库洪沥面源污染进行模拟分析进而控制面污染源;对水污染突发事件进行模拟预测,精确掌握污染物扩散速度和对下游的影响,为及时做出响应和采取相应措施提供科学依据。
(4)以引滦入津调水工程水质安全模型为核心,结合网络、计算机、数据库、通信、3S等信息技术开发了引滦入津水资源管理系统,实现引滦入津调水工程水质安全管理的现代化,为其他引供水信息系统建设提供经验。
In recent years, the government makes greater efforts to protect water environment and prevent water pollution. It is critical that the security of water quality of water diversion project ensures the people’s drinking water security, which has not been solved by now. The author participated in the process of developing the water conservation project management information system of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project. The certain important questions of the security of water quality of long distance water diversion project were analyzed. The main study results are as follows:
Based on the summarizing the characters of long distance water diversion project and studying on water quality status, the paper presents the concept of the security of water quality of long distance water diversion project. The concept points out that not only the water quality in the water source and water diversion route should meet the standard, it should also consider the influence of the diversion project on the ecological environment of the basin. Finally, it means life safety in the water supply and reception region and manifests the person and the nature harmonious development.
By combining with river and reservoir water quality model and water quality evaluation model, the paper established the security of water quality of water diversion project model. Taking Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project as an example, the paper analyze hydrographic and water quality data of last twenty years. Based on the model verification, the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model can simulate and predict the water quality of section along the water diversion route more precisely.
Based on the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model, the secure problem of water quality was solved. For instance, study on the pollutant sluicing in the Li-river, the problem of water quality of inflow of Yuqiao reservoir on the initial period of water diversion worse than the still water was solved. The model simulated and predicted the water quality, evaluated eutrophication of Yuqiao reservoir and warned danger. The non-point pollution sources were controlled by simulating the influence of non-point pollution sources by flood flow of Yuqiao reservoir. By simulating and predicting the water pollution emergency, the pollutant diffusion velocity and the influence of pollution in downstream were accurately calculated. It provides scientific foundation for making the response and taking measures promptly.
Based on the security of water quality of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project model, combined with internet, computer, database, communication and 3S technology, water resource management of Luan River-Tianjin water diversion project was developed. It provides valuable experience for other diversion project.
引文
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