有机硒源在蛋鸡生产中的应用及其机理研究
|
摘要
硒是人和动物健康生长必需的微量元素之一,适量的硒能调节生长、提高生产性能和机体免疫力、抗癌、抗氧化、抗应激、延缓衰老及拮抗某些毒物或有毒元素以及防治地方病等。
近几年,研究发现亚硒酸钠(Sodium selenite,SS)有过氧化特性、毒性较大而生物利用率较低、对动物和环境可造成不良影响的缺点;而生物源性有机硒具有高生物利用率、低毒性和对环境污染小等优点。因此,应提倡并开发利用有机硒源硒。目前生产上应用的有机硒主要是富硒酵母,但由于富硒酵母的价格相对较高,其推广应用受到了一定的限制。富硒益生菌(Selenium-enriched probiotics,SP)制剂是本研究室根据生物转化的原理,应用益生菌将无机硒转化为有机硒的一种新型有机硒源制剂。它在蛋鸡上的应用研究也只是刚刚起步,鉴于此,本文从宏观水平、生理生化水平、细胞水平和分子水平等多方面比较了富硒益生菌(SP)和亚硒酸钠(SS)在蛋鸡生产上的应用效果,同时对相关机理进行了探索。
试验1、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能、肝脏脱碘酶Ⅰ活性和血清T_3、T_4水平的影响
将58周龄的健康罗曼蛋鸡800羽按试验要求分为8组,每组5个重复,每重复5茏,每笼4羽。将富硒益生菌(Selenium-enriched probiotics,SP)和亚硒酸钠(Sodiumselenite,SS)2种硒源分别以3个硒水平0.2,0.5和1.0mg·kg~(-1)添加到基础日粮中组成6种试验日粮,基础日粮中添加益生菌作为益生菌对照,基础日粮作为空白对照,进行为期35d的饲养试验。结果表明:①富硒益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能有显著影响,而硒水平对蛋鸡生产性能没有显著影响;硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的活性和蛋鸡血清T_3、T_4水平均有极显著的影响。②添加SP或益生菌均可提高蛋鸡产蛋率、日产蛋量和平均蛋重,降低料蛋比;③添加SS或SP均能提高蛋鸡肝IDⅠ酶的活性和血清T_3水平,降低T_4水平,特别是添加SP时,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的活性和血清T_3水平升高,血清T_4水平则降低;而添加益生菌对蛋鸡肝IDⅠ酶的活性没有显著影响,却能显著提高血清T_3水平,而降低T_4水平。结果证实:添加SP的效果分别优于添加SS或益生菌。
试验2、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡脾硒含量及免疫能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验的第14d采血样,在第28d时杀鸡取血样和脾脏,测定脾脏硒含量、蛋鸡外周血液T淋巴细胞的转化以及血清IL-2的水平。结果表明:硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡脾脏硒含量、外周血T淋巴细胞转化及血清IL-2的水平均有显著影响。日粮添加SS或SP均能显著提高脾硒含量、促进蛋鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的转化、提高蛋鸡血清IL-2的水平;随着硒添加水平的升高,脾硒含量、T淋巴细胞的转化和血清IL-2均显著增加;随着试验时间的延长,血清IL-2显著升高,且添加SP在提高脾硒含量和IL-2上要显著优于SS和益生菌;添加益生菌只有在试验的第28d时才显著提高蛋鸡血清IL-2的水平。
试验3、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡血液硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验的第14d和28d采血样,测定蛋鸡血液的硒含量以及血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果表明:硒源和水平对蛋鸡血液硒含量、GSH-P_X活性和T-AOC均有显著影响;添加SS较添加SP能显著提高蛋鸡血液硒含量和GSH-P_X活性,而添加SP较SS能显著提高蛋鸡血浆T-AOC;蛋鸡血液硒含量、GSH-P_X活性和T-AOC均随着硒添加水平的升高而升高。结果证实:SP是蛋鸡较好的硒源。
试验4、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡肝脏、肾脏和心肌组织硒含量及其抗氧化能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀(n=10),取肝脏、肾脏和心肌分别进行硒含量及其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的测定。结果表明:补硒能提高蛋鸡肝脏、肾脏、心肌的硒含量以及GSH-P_X、CAT、SOD的活性和T-AOC;且随着硒添加水平的升高,肝脏、肾脏争心肌的硒含量,GSH-P_X活性均有显著增高;添加SP在提高肝脏和心肌硒含量的能力上和在提高肝脏、肾脏和心肌的GSH-P_X活性、CAT活性以及肾脏的SOD活性和T-AOC的能力上要优于或显著优于SS;提倡在低中水平(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)和0.5 mg·kg~(-1))添加SP硒。
试验5、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶和IDⅠ醇mRNA水平的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀并取肝脏样(n=10),应用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定肝组织中GPX-4和IDⅠ的mRNA水平。结果表明:硒源对蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平没有显著影响,而硒水平能显著影响蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平;硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的mRNA的水平均有极显著的影响。添加硒可显著提高蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶和IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平显著升高,而IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平极显著升高。添加SP较SS能显著提高蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平。
试验6、富硒益生菌对蛋硒含量、蛋GSH-P_X活性及蛋哈夫单位的影响
将60周龄的健康罗曼蛋鸡240羽按试验要求分为8组,每组5个重复,每重复6羽。将2种硒源(SP和SS)分别以3个硒水平0.2,0.5和1.0 mg·kg~(-1)添加到基础日粮中组成6种试验日粮,基础日粮中添加益生菌作为益生菌试验日粮,基础日粮作为空白对照,进行为期35d的饲养试验。在试验第30d,从各组每重复中任取4枚蛋用于蛋硒、蛋GSH-Px活性和哈夫单位的测定(n=20)。结果表明:硒源和水平对蛋硒均有极显著的影响,蛋硒含量随着日粮硒水平的升高而升高,且添加SP较SS更能提高蛋硒含量;硒源对蛋GSH-P_X活性和哈夫单位均没有显著影响。无论添加SP或是SS均能显著提高蛋GSH-P_X活性,能在不同程度上缓减蛋哈夫单位的下降,能在一定程度上延长蛋的保鲜期或货架寿命;蛋硒含量与蛋GSH-P_X活性呈显著的正相关,而蛋GSH-P_X活性与储存过程中蛋哈夫单位的下降呈显著的负相关。
试验7、富硒酵母对蛋鸡组织硒分布及蛋硒含量的影响
采用2×3因子完全随机设计,比较富硒酵母(Selenium-enriched yeast,SY)和亚硒酸钠(Sodium selenite,SS)对蛋鸡组织硒分布及蛋品中硒含量的影响。将2种硒源分别以3个硒水平0.2、0.5和1.0mg·kg~(-1)添加到蛋鸡基础日粮,组成6组试验日粮,基础日粮作对照。将700羽健康罗曼蛋鸡按设计要求分为7组,每组5重复,每重复5笼,每笼4羽,进行为期28d的饲养试验。在试验期间,每隔7d从每组的每重复中收集2枚蛋样,在第0、14和28d采血样,在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀(n=10),取肝、脾、肾、心肌及胸肌,分别进行蛋硒和血硒及相关组织硒的测定。结果表明,与对照组相比,无论添加SY还是SS均能极显著提高蛋硒和血硒的含量,均能显著提高肝、脾、肾、心肌及胸肌的硒含量;硒源和硒水平对蛋硒、血硒及上述组织的硒含量均有极显著影响,添加SY较SS能显著提高蛋硒含量、脾硒含量和胸肌硒含量,而添加SS较SY能显著提高血硒及肾硒含量;硒在蛋鸡组织及蛋品中的含量由高到低依次为肝＞肾＞脾＞心肌＞蛋＞血＞胸肌。来源于SY的蛋和肉是一种有开发潜力的硒源。
试验8、富硒酵母对鸡蛋硒分布及其存在形式的影响
试验设计同试验7。在试验期间,每隔7d从每组的每重复中收集2枚蛋样用于蛋硒分布及其存在形式的分析。结果表明:①添加硒可提高全蛋、蛋黄和蛋清总硒和有机形态硒,且全蛋、蛋黄和蛋清总硒和有机形态硒均随着日粮硒添加水平的升高而升高。②添加硒对鸡蛋硒分布和存在形式的影响是一致的,且添加硒主要通过影响蛋清硒含量和硒存在形式来影响全蛋的硒含量和硒存在形式。③来源于SY的硒较SS硒能更多的沉积在蛋中,且大部分主要以有机硒蛋白沉积在蛋清中,而来源于SS的硒较SY硒更利于沉积在蛋黄中,且主要以有机硒蛋白形式存在。
Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element for animal and human health.Proper quantity selenium can regulate growth,enhance performance and immunity,prevent cancer, resist oxidation and stress,postpone aging,counteract some toxicant or detoxificate from some heavy metals,and prevent or control some local epidemic etc.
Recent years,it was found that sodium selenite(SS) had disadvantages of oxidation characteristic,higher toxicity and lower bioavailability,and disbennifit for animal and environment.Organic selenium from organism had advantages of higher bioavailability, lower toxicity and less potential environmental pollution.It was advocated to explore and utilize organic selenium in feedstuff.Nowadays,selenium-enriched yeast(SY) is mainly source of organic selenium in stockbreeding,but its application was restricted for higher price.Selenium-enriched probiotics(SP) is a new organic selenium source product which resulted from translating inorganic selenium into organic selenium by probiotics fermentation according to biotransformation principle in our lab,acting as not only organic selenium but also probiotics.Study on its application in hen production was only preliminary.So,the present paper was conducted to compare the effects of SP with SS application in laying hen,at the same time,and to research for the relative mechanism from the levels of macroscopical,physiological and biochemical,cellular and molecular etc.
Experiment 1.Effect of Selenium-enriched probiotics on the production performance, liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 and T_4 of hen
Eight hundred 58 week old healthy Rohman laying hens were allocated into eight groups according to feeding test requirement.Each group was replicated five times with five cages of four hens per cage in each replicate.Both selenium-enriched probiotics(SP) and sodium selenite(SS) were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets.Probiotics was added into basal diet to make probiotica control diet,and basal diet served as the blank control.Feeding test lasted for 35 days.The results showed that①SP has a significant effect on the production performance of hen,whenas Se level has not.Se source and level both have a significant effect on liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 and T_4 of hen.②Supplementation SP or probiotics can increase the laying rate of hen,hen day egg production and mean egg weight,and decrease feed/egg ratio,whenas the addition of SS can not.③The addition of either SP or SS can increase liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3,and decrease T_4 of hen.Especially when SP was supplemented,the liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 of hen increased and serum T_4 of hen decreased as supplemental So level increased.Supplementation probiotics has not an effect on liver IDⅠactivity,but can increase serum T_3 and decrease T_4 of hen.The results testified that there is a better effect of supplementation SP than those Of supplementation SS or probiotics.
Experiment 2.Effect of Selenium-enriched probiotics on spleen selenium content and immune capacity of hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.During the experiment,blood was sampled on days 14 and 28 for the T lymphocyte transformation of peripheral blood and the sertun IL-2 level assay.The results showed that supplemental Se from either SS or SP significantly increased Se content in spleen,significantly promoted the T lymphocyte transformation of hen peripheral blood,and increased the serum IL-2 level of hen.With supplemental Se level increase,selenium content in spleen,the T lymphocyte transformation of hen peripheral blood and the serum IL-2 level were also significantly increased.With the extension of experiment duration,the serum IL-2 level was also significantly increased,and supplemental SP had a more significant predominance in increasing the spleen Se content and the serum IL-2 level than SS or probiotics. Supplemental probiotics significantly increased the serum IL-2 level of hen only on days 28 of test.
Experiment 3.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content and the antioxidant capacity of blood in hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.During the experiment,blood was sampled on days 14 and 28 for whole-blood Se content and GSH-Px activity and plasma SOD activity and T-AOC value assay.The results showed that Both Se source and level signifioantly influenced on Se content and GSH-Px activity of whole-blood and plasma T-AOC.There was the higher Se content and GSH-Px activity of whole-blood and was the lower plasma T-AOC in hens fed by SS than those from hens fed by SP.The results testified that SP is a better source of Se for hens.
Experiment 4.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content and the antioxidant eapacity of liver,kidney and heart in hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered(n=10),and liver,kidney,and heart were sampled for Se content and GSH-Px,CAT,and SOD activity and T-AOC value assay.The results showed that supplemental Se significantly increase Se content and the activity of GSH-Px,CAT and SOD and T-AOC value in liver,kidney and heart of hens.With supplemental Se level increase,Se content and the activity of GSH-Px in liver,kidney and heart all were significantly increased.Supplemental SP had more ability than SS to increase Se content in liver and heart,and to increase the activity of GSH-Px and CAT in liver, kidney and heart and the activity of SOD and T-AOC value in kidney.It was advocated to supplement SP at a lower or medium Se level,0.2 mg·kg~(-1) or 0.5 mg·kg~(-1).
Experiment 5.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on the mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered,and liver was sampled for the determination of mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠby method of Quantitative real-time PCR.The results showed that Se source didn't influence on mRNA level of GPX-4 in hen liver,and Se level significantly influenced on mRNA level of GPX-4.Both Se source and Se level significantly influenced on mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver. Supplemental Se either from SP or SS significantly increased mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver.With supplemental Se level increase,the mRNA level of GPX-4 increased (P＜0.05) and the mRNA level of IDⅠsignificantly increased(P＜0.01).Supplemental SP had more ability than SS to increase the mRNA level of IDⅠin hen liver(P=0.05).
Experiment 6.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content,GSH-Px activity and Haugh units of egg
Two hundred and forty 60 week old healthy Rohman laying hens were allocated into eight groups according to feeding test requirement.Each group was replicated five times with six hens in each replicate.Both SP and SS were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets.Probioties was added into basal diet to make probioties control diet,and basal diet served as the blank control.Feeding test lasted for 35 days.On days 30 in the experiment,four eggs were randomly sampled from every replicate in each treatment for egg Se content,egg GSH-Px activity and Haugh units assay(n=20).The results showed that Both Se source and level significantly influenced on egg Se content.Selenium content of egg increased as supplemental Se level increased. Supplemental SP had a more ability to increase Se content in egg than SS.Se source didn't influence on GSH-Px activity and Haugh units of egg.Supplemental Se from either SS or SP significantly increased GSH-Px activity of egg,and reduced the fall of egg Hangh units in a different extent,and prolonged the time of maintaining fresh and shelf life in a certain extent.There was a significant positive correlation between Se content and GSH-Px activity in egg,and a significant negative correlation between egg GSH-Px activity and the fall of Haugh traits of egg stored at room temperature.
Experiment 7.Effect of selenium-enriched yeast on tissue Se distribution and egg Se content in hens
A 2×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block(RCB) design was conducted to compare the effects of selenium-enriched yeast(SY) with sodium selenite(SS) on tissue Se distribution and blood and whole-egg Se concentrations in laying hens.Both Se sources were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5,1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets,and basal diet served as the control.Seven hundred health Rohman laying hens were allocated randomly into seven groups according to feeding test requirement and were investigated for 28 days.Each group was replicated 5 times with 5 cages of 4 hens per cage in each replicate.During the experiment,2 eggs per replicate from each treatment were colleeted every 7 days and blood was sampled on days 0,14 and 28 for whole-egg and whole-blood Se analyses.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered,and muscle(cardiac and breast muscles),liver,spleen and kidney were sampled for the determination of Se concentrations.The results showed that the addition of Se from either source caused a significant increase in whole-egg and whole-blood Se concentrations and Se concentrations in liver,kidney,spleen and cardiac and breast muscles of hen in comparison to the control.Both Se source and Se level significantly influenced Se concentrations in egg,blood and the above-mentioned tissues. There was a more significant increase in the Se concentrations in egg,spleen and breast muscle and significant decrease in whole-blood and kidney from hens fed SY than those from hens fed SS.The order of Se distribution was liver＞kidney＞spleen＞cardiac muscle＞egg＞blood＞breast muscle,irrespective of the addition level or source.Meat and eggs from hens fed SY are a potential source of Se for human.
Experiment 8.Effect of selenium-enriched yeast on distribution and form of selenium in egg
Experiment design is same as the experiment 7.During the experiment,2 eggs per replicate from each treatment were collected every 7 days for egg Se distribution and form analyses.The results showed that supplemental Se increased whole Se and organic Se content in whole-egg,yolk and egg white,and these indexs all were increased with dietary supplemental Se level increase.The effect of supplementation Se on egg Se distribution was consistent with the effect on egg Se form.Selenium from SY was deposited in egg more than Se from SS did,and mostly in egg white at an organic form of Se protein. Whenas Se from SS was deposited in yolk more than Se from SY did,mostly at an organic form of Se protein.
近几年,研究发现亚硒酸钠(Sodium selenite,SS)有过氧化特性、毒性较大而生物利用率较低、对动物和环境可造成不良影响的缺点;而生物源性有机硒具有高生物利用率、低毒性和对环境污染小等优点。因此,应提倡并开发利用有机硒源硒。目前生产上应用的有机硒主要是富硒酵母,但由于富硒酵母的价格相对较高,其推广应用受到了一定的限制。富硒益生菌(Selenium-enriched probiotics,SP)制剂是本研究室根据生物转化的原理,应用益生菌将无机硒转化为有机硒的一种新型有机硒源制剂。它在蛋鸡上的应用研究也只是刚刚起步,鉴于此,本文从宏观水平、生理生化水平、细胞水平和分子水平等多方面比较了富硒益生菌(SP)和亚硒酸钠(SS)在蛋鸡生产上的应用效果,同时对相关机理进行了探索。
试验1、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能、肝脏脱碘酶Ⅰ活性和血清T_3、T_4水平的影响
将58周龄的健康罗曼蛋鸡800羽按试验要求分为8组,每组5个重复,每重复5茏,每笼4羽。将富硒益生菌(Selenium-enriched probiotics,SP)和亚硒酸钠(Sodiumselenite,SS)2种硒源分别以3个硒水平0.2,0.5和1.0mg·kg~(-1)添加到基础日粮中组成6种试验日粮,基础日粮中添加益生菌作为益生菌对照,基础日粮作为空白对照,进行为期35d的饲养试验。结果表明:①富硒益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能有显著影响,而硒水平对蛋鸡生产性能没有显著影响;硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的活性和蛋鸡血清T_3、T_4水平均有极显著的影响。②添加SP或益生菌均可提高蛋鸡产蛋率、日产蛋量和平均蛋重,降低料蛋比;③添加SS或SP均能提高蛋鸡肝IDⅠ酶的活性和血清T_3水平,降低T_4水平,特别是添加SP时,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的活性和血清T_3水平升高,血清T_4水平则降低;而添加益生菌对蛋鸡肝IDⅠ酶的活性没有显著影响,却能显著提高血清T_3水平,而降低T_4水平。结果证实:添加SP的效果分别优于添加SS或益生菌。
试验2、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡脾硒含量及免疫能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验的第14d采血样,在第28d时杀鸡取血样和脾脏,测定脾脏硒含量、蛋鸡外周血液T淋巴细胞的转化以及血清IL-2的水平。结果表明:硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡脾脏硒含量、外周血T淋巴细胞转化及血清IL-2的水平均有显著影响。日粮添加SS或SP均能显著提高脾硒含量、促进蛋鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的转化、提高蛋鸡血清IL-2的水平;随着硒添加水平的升高,脾硒含量、T淋巴细胞的转化和血清IL-2均显著增加;随着试验时间的延长,血清IL-2显著升高,且添加SP在提高脾硒含量和IL-2上要显著优于SS和益生菌;添加益生菌只有在试验的第28d时才显著提高蛋鸡血清IL-2的水平。
试验3、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡血液硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验的第14d和28d采血样,测定蛋鸡血液的硒含量以及血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果表明:硒源和水平对蛋鸡血液硒含量、GSH-P_X活性和T-AOC均有显著影响;添加SS较添加SP能显著提高蛋鸡血液硒含量和GSH-P_X活性,而添加SP较SS能显著提高蛋鸡血浆T-AOC;蛋鸡血液硒含量、GSH-P_X活性和T-AOC均随着硒添加水平的升高而升高。结果证实:SP是蛋鸡较好的硒源。
试验4、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡肝脏、肾脏和心肌组织硒含量及其抗氧化能力的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀(n=10),取肝脏、肾脏和心肌分别进行硒含量及其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的测定。结果表明:补硒能提高蛋鸡肝脏、肾脏、心肌的硒含量以及GSH-P_X、CAT、SOD的活性和T-AOC;且随着硒添加水平的升高,肝脏、肾脏争心肌的硒含量,GSH-P_X活性均有显著增高;添加SP在提高肝脏和心肌硒含量的能力上和在提高肝脏、肾脏和心肌的GSH-P_X活性、CAT活性以及肾脏的SOD活性和T-AOC的能力上要优于或显著优于SS;提倡在低中水平(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)和0.5 mg·kg~(-1))添加SP硒。
试验5、富硒益生菌对蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶和IDⅠ醇mRNA水平的影响
试验设计同试验1。在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀并取肝脏样(n=10),应用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定肝组织中GPX-4和IDⅠ的mRNA水平。结果表明:硒源对蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平没有显著影响,而硒水平能显著影响蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平;硒源和硒水平对蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的mRNA的水平均有极显著的影响。添加硒可显著提高蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶和IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡肝脏GPX-4酶的mRNA水平显著升高,而IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平极显著升高。添加SP较SS能显著提高蛋鸡肝脏IDⅠ酶的mRNA水平。
试验6、富硒益生菌对蛋硒含量、蛋GSH-P_X活性及蛋哈夫单位的影响
将60周龄的健康罗曼蛋鸡240羽按试验要求分为8组,每组5个重复,每重复6羽。将2种硒源(SP和SS)分别以3个硒水平0.2,0.5和1.0 mg·kg~(-1)添加到基础日粮中组成6种试验日粮,基础日粮中添加益生菌作为益生菌试验日粮,基础日粮作为空白对照,进行为期35d的饲养试验。在试验第30d,从各组每重复中任取4枚蛋用于蛋硒、蛋GSH-Px活性和哈夫单位的测定(n=20)。结果表明:硒源和水平对蛋硒均有极显著的影响,蛋硒含量随着日粮硒水平的升高而升高,且添加SP较SS更能提高蛋硒含量;硒源对蛋GSH-P_X活性和哈夫单位均没有显著影响。无论添加SP或是SS均能显著提高蛋GSH-P_X活性,能在不同程度上缓减蛋哈夫单位的下降,能在一定程度上延长蛋的保鲜期或货架寿命;蛋硒含量与蛋GSH-P_X活性呈显著的正相关,而蛋GSH-P_X活性与储存过程中蛋哈夫单位的下降呈显著的负相关。
试验7、富硒酵母对蛋鸡组织硒分布及蛋硒含量的影响
采用2×3因子完全随机设计,比较富硒酵母(Selenium-enriched yeast,SY)和亚硒酸钠(Sodium selenite,SS)对蛋鸡组织硒分布及蛋品中硒含量的影响。将2种硒源分别以3个硒水平0.2、0.5和1.0mg·kg~(-1)添加到蛋鸡基础日粮,组成6组试验日粮,基础日粮作对照。将700羽健康罗曼蛋鸡按设计要求分为7组,每组5重复,每重复5笼,每笼4羽,进行为期28d的饲养试验。在试验期间,每隔7d从每组的每重复中收集2枚蛋样,在第0、14和28d采血样,在试验结束时,每组每重复任取2羽鸡宰杀(n=10),取肝、脾、肾、心肌及胸肌,分别进行蛋硒和血硒及相关组织硒的测定。结果表明,与对照组相比,无论添加SY还是SS均能极显著提高蛋硒和血硒的含量,均能显著提高肝、脾、肾、心肌及胸肌的硒含量;硒源和硒水平对蛋硒、血硒及上述组织的硒含量均有极显著影响,添加SY较SS能显著提高蛋硒含量、脾硒含量和胸肌硒含量,而添加SS较SY能显著提高血硒及肾硒含量;硒在蛋鸡组织及蛋品中的含量由高到低依次为肝＞肾＞脾＞心肌＞蛋＞血＞胸肌。来源于SY的蛋和肉是一种有开发潜力的硒源。
试验8、富硒酵母对鸡蛋硒分布及其存在形式的影响
试验设计同试验7。在试验期间,每隔7d从每组的每重复中收集2枚蛋样用于蛋硒分布及其存在形式的分析。结果表明:①添加硒可提高全蛋、蛋黄和蛋清总硒和有机形态硒,且全蛋、蛋黄和蛋清总硒和有机形态硒均随着日粮硒添加水平的升高而升高。②添加硒对鸡蛋硒分布和存在形式的影响是一致的,且添加硒主要通过影响蛋清硒含量和硒存在形式来影响全蛋的硒含量和硒存在形式。③来源于SY的硒较SS硒能更多的沉积在蛋中,且大部分主要以有机硒蛋白沉积在蛋清中,而来源于SS的硒较SY硒更利于沉积在蛋黄中,且主要以有机硒蛋白形式存在。
Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element for animal and human health.Proper quantity selenium can regulate growth,enhance performance and immunity,prevent cancer, resist oxidation and stress,postpone aging,counteract some toxicant or detoxificate from some heavy metals,and prevent or control some local epidemic etc.
Recent years,it was found that sodium selenite(SS) had disadvantages of oxidation characteristic,higher toxicity and lower bioavailability,and disbennifit for animal and environment.Organic selenium from organism had advantages of higher bioavailability, lower toxicity and less potential environmental pollution.It was advocated to explore and utilize organic selenium in feedstuff.Nowadays,selenium-enriched yeast(SY) is mainly source of organic selenium in stockbreeding,but its application was restricted for higher price.Selenium-enriched probiotics(SP) is a new organic selenium source product which resulted from translating inorganic selenium into organic selenium by probiotics fermentation according to biotransformation principle in our lab,acting as not only organic selenium but also probiotics.Study on its application in hen production was only preliminary.So,the present paper was conducted to compare the effects of SP with SS application in laying hen,at the same time,and to research for the relative mechanism from the levels of macroscopical,physiological and biochemical,cellular and molecular etc.
Experiment 1.Effect of Selenium-enriched probiotics on the production performance, liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 and T_4 of hen
Eight hundred 58 week old healthy Rohman laying hens were allocated into eight groups according to feeding test requirement.Each group was replicated five times with five cages of four hens per cage in each replicate.Both selenium-enriched probiotics(SP) and sodium selenite(SS) were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets.Probiotics was added into basal diet to make probiotica control diet,and basal diet served as the blank control.Feeding test lasted for 35 days.The results showed that①SP has a significant effect on the production performance of hen,whenas Se level has not.Se source and level both have a significant effect on liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 and T_4 of hen.②Supplementation SP or probiotics can increase the laying rate of hen,hen day egg production and mean egg weight,and decrease feed/egg ratio,whenas the addition of SS can not.③The addition of either SP or SS can increase liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3,and decrease T_4 of hen.Especially when SP was supplemented,the liver IDⅠactivity and serum T_3 of hen increased and serum T_4 of hen decreased as supplemental So level increased.Supplementation probiotics has not an effect on liver IDⅠactivity,but can increase serum T_3 and decrease T_4 of hen.The results testified that there is a better effect of supplementation SP than those Of supplementation SS or probiotics.
Experiment 2.Effect of Selenium-enriched probiotics on spleen selenium content and immune capacity of hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.During the experiment,blood was sampled on days 14 and 28 for the T lymphocyte transformation of peripheral blood and the sertun IL-2 level assay.The results showed that supplemental Se from either SS or SP significantly increased Se content in spleen,significantly promoted the T lymphocyte transformation of hen peripheral blood,and increased the serum IL-2 level of hen.With supplemental Se level increase,selenium content in spleen,the T lymphocyte transformation of hen peripheral blood and the serum IL-2 level were also significantly increased.With the extension of experiment duration,the serum IL-2 level was also significantly increased,and supplemental SP had a more significant predominance in increasing the spleen Se content and the serum IL-2 level than SS or probiotics. Supplemental probiotics significantly increased the serum IL-2 level of hen only on days 28 of test.
Experiment 3.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content and the antioxidant capacity of blood in hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.During the experiment,blood was sampled on days 14 and 28 for whole-blood Se content and GSH-Px activity and plasma SOD activity and T-AOC value assay.The results showed that Both Se source and level signifioantly influenced on Se content and GSH-Px activity of whole-blood and plasma T-AOC.There was the higher Se content and GSH-Px activity of whole-blood and was the lower plasma T-AOC in hens fed by SS than those from hens fed by SP.The results testified that SP is a better source of Se for hens.
Experiment 4.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content and the antioxidant eapacity of liver,kidney and heart in hen
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered(n=10),and liver,kidney,and heart were sampled for Se content and GSH-Px,CAT,and SOD activity and T-AOC value assay.The results showed that supplemental Se significantly increase Se content and the activity of GSH-Px,CAT and SOD and T-AOC value in liver,kidney and heart of hens.With supplemental Se level increase,Se content and the activity of GSH-Px in liver,kidney and heart all were significantly increased.Supplemental SP had more ability than SS to increase Se content in liver and heart,and to increase the activity of GSH-Px and CAT in liver, kidney and heart and the activity of SOD and T-AOC value in kidney.It was advocated to supplement SP at a lower or medium Se level,0.2 mg·kg~(-1) or 0.5 mg·kg~(-1).
Experiment 5.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on the mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver
Experiment design is same as the experiment 1.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered,and liver was sampled for the determination of mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠby method of Quantitative real-time PCR.The results showed that Se source didn't influence on mRNA level of GPX-4 in hen liver,and Se level significantly influenced on mRNA level of GPX-4.Both Se source and Se level significantly influenced on mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver. Supplemental Se either from SP or SS significantly increased mRNA levels of GPX-4 and IDⅠin hen liver.With supplemental Se level increase,the mRNA level of GPX-4 increased (P＜0.05) and the mRNA level of IDⅠsignificantly increased(P＜0.01).Supplemental SP had more ability than SS to increase the mRNA level of IDⅠin hen liver(P=0.05).
Experiment 6.Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on selenium content,GSH-Px activity and Haugh units of egg
Two hundred and forty 60 week old healthy Rohman laying hens were allocated into eight groups according to feeding test requirement.Each group was replicated five times with six hens in each replicate.Both SP and SS were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets.Probioties was added into basal diet to make probioties control diet,and basal diet served as the blank control.Feeding test lasted for 35 days.On days 30 in the experiment,four eggs were randomly sampled from every replicate in each treatment for egg Se content,egg GSH-Px activity and Haugh units assay(n=20).The results showed that Both Se source and level significantly influenced on egg Se content.Selenium content of egg increased as supplemental Se level increased. Supplemental SP had a more ability to increase Se content in egg than SS.Se source didn't influence on GSH-Px activity and Haugh units of egg.Supplemental Se from either SS or SP significantly increased GSH-Px activity of egg,and reduced the fall of egg Hangh units in a different extent,and prolonged the time of maintaining fresh and shelf life in a certain extent.There was a significant positive correlation between Se content and GSH-Px activity in egg,and a significant negative correlation between egg GSH-Px activity and the fall of Haugh traits of egg stored at room temperature.
Experiment 7.Effect of selenium-enriched yeast on tissue Se distribution and egg Se content in hens
A 2×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block(RCB) design was conducted to compare the effects of selenium-enriched yeast(SY) with sodium selenite(SS) on tissue Se distribution and blood and whole-egg Se concentrations in laying hens.Both Se sources were added into basal diet at 0.2,0.5,1.0 mg·kg~(-1) of Se to make six experiment diets,and basal diet served as the control.Seven hundred health Rohman laying hens were allocated randomly into seven groups according to feeding test requirement and were investigated for 28 days.Each group was replicated 5 times with 5 cages of 4 hens per cage in each replicate.During the experiment,2 eggs per replicate from each treatment were colleeted every 7 days and blood was sampled on days 0,14 and 28 for whole-egg and whole-blood Se analyses.At the end of the experiment,2 hens per replicate from each treatment were slaughtered,and muscle(cardiac and breast muscles),liver,spleen and kidney were sampled for the determination of Se concentrations.The results showed that the addition of Se from either source caused a significant increase in whole-egg and whole-blood Se concentrations and Se concentrations in liver,kidney,spleen and cardiac and breast muscles of hen in comparison to the control.Both Se source and Se level significantly influenced Se concentrations in egg,blood and the above-mentioned tissues. There was a more significant increase in the Se concentrations in egg,spleen and breast muscle and significant decrease in whole-blood and kidney from hens fed SY than those from hens fed SS.The order of Se distribution was liver＞kidney＞spleen＞cardiac muscle＞egg＞blood＞breast muscle,irrespective of the addition level or source.Meat and eggs from hens fed SY are a potential source of Se for human.
Experiment 8.Effect of selenium-enriched yeast on distribution and form of selenium in egg
Experiment design is same as the experiment 7.During the experiment,2 eggs per replicate from each treatment were collected every 7 days for egg Se distribution and form analyses.The results showed that supplemental Se increased whole Se and organic Se content in whole-egg,yolk and egg white,and these indexs all were increased with dietary supplemental Se level increase.The effect of supplementation Se on egg Se distribution was consistent with the effect on egg Se form.Selenium from SY was deposited in egg more than Se from SS did,and mostly in egg white at an organic form of Se protein. Whenas Se from SS was deposited in yolk more than Se from SY did,mostly at an organic form of Se protein.
引文
[1]Sunde,RA.Selenium.In:Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral elements(eds.B.L O'dell & R.A.Sunde),Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York.1997,493-556
[2]Spallholz JE,Hoffman DJ.Selenium toxicity:,cause and effects in aquatic birds[J].Aquatic Toxicology.2002,57,27-37
[3]Schwarz K,Foltz.CM.Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against necrotic liver degeneration[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.1957,79,3292-3293
[4]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Swanson AB,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science.1973,179,588-590
[5]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990,127-130
[6]Levesque M.Some aspects of selenium relationships in Eastern Canadian soils and plants[J].Can.J.Soil Sri,1974,54:117-125
[7]Johnsson L,Akesson B,Alexander J.Availability of selenium from soils in relation to human nutritional requirements in Sweden-is there a need for supplementation[J].Swedish Environmental Protein Agency,Stockholm,Sweden.1997
[8]Oison OE,Palmer IS.Selenium in foods purchased or produced in South Dakota[J].J Food Sci,1984,49:446-452
[9]Kumpulainen.J.Selenium in foods and diets of selected countries[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis,1993,7:107-108
[10]Sanz AM,Kiaz RC.Selenium in human lactation[J].Nutr Rev,1995,53:159-166
[11]Finley JW.Selenium accumulation in plant foods[J].Nutr Rev.2005,63:196-202
[12]侯少范,王五一.我国土壤中结合态硒的含量和分布规律[J].地理研究,1990,9:17-18
[13]易秀.生态环境中的硒及其地方病.西安.工程学院学报.2000,22(4):69-72
[14]中国科学院地理研究所化学地理研究室环境与地方病组.我国克山病病带与非病带发硒分布的地理规律[J].地理学报,1982,37(2):136-143
[15]唐文红.畜禽硒缺乏的防制研究:Ⅰ江苏省自然条件下畜禽机体硒营养状态的调查[D].南京农业大学,1994
[16]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Bock A,et al.Selenium in biology:,facts and medical perspective[J].Bio Chem,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[17]徐辉碧主编..硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994
[18]马玉龙,马成礼.微量元素硒的研究进展[J].饲料博览,1999,11(11):12-13
[19]Stanchev H.Intestinal absorption of ~(75)Se from sodium selenite and L-selenomethionine in growing poultry.Trace element metabolism in man and animals.1978,3:144
[20]Humaloja T.Mykkanen HM.Intestinal absorption of ~(75)Se-labeled sodium selenite and selenomethionine in chicks:Effects of time,selenium concentration and method of measurement[J].J Nutr,1986,116:142-148
[21]Rachib MH,Chan W-Y,Rennert OM.Comparative studies of selenium-~(75)(selenite and selenomethionine) absorption from various milk diets in suckling rats[J].J.Nutr.1986,116:1456-1463
[22]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A,Schield S,et al.Effects of chemical form and dosage on the incorporation of selenium into tissue proteins in rats[J].J Nutr,1991,121:806-814
[23]朱莲珍译.人和动物微量元素营养[M],青岛:青岛出版社,1994
[24]Arduser F,wolffram S,Scharrer E.Active absorption of selenate by rat ileum[j].J Nutr,1985,115:1203-1208
[25]Wolffram S,Anliker E,Scharrer E.Uptake of selenate and selenite by isolated brush border membrane vesicles from pig,sheep and rat intestine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1986,10:293-306
[26]Arduser F,Wolffram S,Scharrer E,et al.Transport of selenate and selenite across the brush border membrane of rat and sheep small intestine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1986,(9):281-290
[27]McConnell KP,Cho GJ.Active transport of L-selenomethionine in the intestine[J].Am J Physiol,1967,213:150-156
[28]Cousins FB,Cairney IM.Some aspects of selenium metabolism in sheep[J].Aust J Agric Res,1961,12:927-943
[29]赵晶,康世良,李艳华.硒在动物体内的药物代谢动力学[J].中国兽医杂志,2000.26(9):44-46
[30]Gerhard N Schrauzer:Selenomethionine:A review of its nutritional significance,metabolism and toxicity[J].J Nutr,2000,130:1653-1656
[31]Janghorbani M,Lynch NE,Mooers CS,et al.Comparison of the magnitude of the selenite exchangeable metabolic pool and whole body endogenous selenium in adult rats[J].J Nutr,1990,120:190-199
[32]Janghorbani M,Mooers CS,Ting BTG,et al.Effect of acute selenium restriction on whole body endogenous selenium and the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool in the adult rat[J].J Nutr Biochem,1990,1:103-106
[33]Whanger P,Xia V and Thompson C.Metabolism of different forms of selenium in humans[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis.1993,7:21
[34]Kajander EO,Harvima RJ,Eloranta TO,et al.Metabolism,cellular actions and cytotoxicity of selenomethionine in cultured cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1991,28:57-68
[35]Sunde RA.Molecular biology of selenoproteins[J].Annu Rev Nutr,1990,10:451-474
[36]Burk RF.Molecular biology of selenium with implications for its metabolism[J].FASEB J,1990,5:2274-2279
[37]Berry J,Harney JW,Low SC.Cloning and expression of the human selenium donor Protein,the homolog of prokaryotic SELD[J].FASEB J,1995,9:284-286
[38]Bopp BA,Sonders RC,Kesterson JW.Metabolic fate of selected selenium compounds in laboratory animals and man[J].Drug Metab Rev,1982,13:271-318
[39]Patterson B,Levander O,Helzsouer K,et al.Human selenite metabolism,A kinetic model[J].Am J Physiol,1989,257:556-567
[40]Swanson CA,Patterson BH,Levander OA,et al.Human(~(74)Se) selenomethionine metabolism:a kinetic madel[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1991.54:917-926
[41]关玉群.硒与人体健康[J].现代预防医学,2003,30(5):700-702
[42]孙忠军.亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内代谢动力学及其抗氧化功能动态变化规律的研究[D].吉林:东北农业大学,1997
[43]郭荣富,张曦,陈克嶙.微量元素硒代谢及硒蛋白基因表达调近控最新研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000.17(1):61-64
[44]赵晶,康世良,李艳华.硒在动物体内的药物代谢动力学[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,26(9):33-35
[45]Margaret PR.The importance of selenium to human health(review)[J].The Lancet,2000,356(9225);233-241
[46]Macpherson A.selenium,vitamin E and biological oxidation.Proc.28th Feed Manufact[J].Conf.,Univ.Nottingham,U.K;1994,3-30
[47]Arthur JR.,Beckett GJ.New metabolic roles for selenium[J].Proc Nutr Soc,1994,53:615-624
[48]Wingler K,Bocher M,Flohe L,et al.mRAN stability and selenocysteine insertion sequence efficiency rank gastrointestinal glutathioneperoxidase high in the hierarchy of selenoproteins [J].Eur JBiochem,1999,259:149-157
[49]Chu F-F,Doroshow JH,Esworthy RS.Expression,characterization;and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase GSHPx-GI[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:2571-2576
[50]Tham DM,Whitin JC,Kim KK,et al.Expression of extracellular glutathione peroxidase in human and mouse gastrointestinal trace[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest,1998,38:G1463-G1471
[51]Maser RL,Magenheimer BS,Calvet JP Mouse plasma glutathione peroxidase:cDNA sequence analysis and renal proximal tubular expression and secretion[J].J Biol Chem,1994,269:7066-7073
[52]Yamamoto Y,Takahashi K.Glutathione peroxidase isolated from plasma reduces phospholipid hydroperoxides[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,1993,305:541-545
[53]Sunde RA.Selenium.In:Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral elements(ads.B.L.O'dell&:R.A.Sunde)[M],Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1997,493-556
[54]Brigelium-Flohe R,Aumann K-D,Blocker H,et al.Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase:genomic DNA,cDNA,and deduced amino acid sequence[J].J Biol Chew,1994,269:7342-7348
[55]Morno SG,Laux G,Brielmeier M,et al.Testis-specific of the nuclear form of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase(PHGPx)[J]Biol Chem,2003,384(4):635-643.
[56]Roveri A,Maiorino M,Nisii C,et al.Purification and characterization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from rat testis mitochondrial membranes[J].Bio chin Biophys Acta,1994,1208:211-221
[57]Weitzel F,Ursini F,Wendel A.Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in various mouse organs during selenium deficiency and repletion[J].Biochim Biophys Acts,1990,1036:88-94
[58]Ursini F,Maiorino M and Gregolin C.The selenoenzyme phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1985,839:62-70
[59]St Germain DL,Galton VA.The deiodinase family of selenoproteins[J].Thyroid,1997,7:655-668
[60]Beckett GJ,Macdougall DA and Nicol F,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ1 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[J].Biochem.J.1989,259:887-892
[61]Josef KoEhrle.The Selenoenzyme Family of Deiodinase Isozymes Controls Local Thyroid Hormone Availability[J].Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders,2000,1:49-58
[62]Josef KoEhrle.The deiodinase family:selenoenzymes regulating thyroid hormone availability and action[J].CMLS,Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2000,57:1853-1863
[63]Davey JC,Schneider MJ and Becker KB,et al.Cloning of a 5.8 kB cDNA for a mouse type 2deiodinase[J].Endocrinology.1999;140:1022-1025
[64]Gereben B,Bartha T and Tu HM,et al.Cloning and expression of the chicken type 2iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase[J].J Biol Chem 1999;274:13768-13776
[65]Safran M,Farwell AP,Leonard JL.Catalytic activity of type Ⅱ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase polypeptide is dependent upon a cyclic AMP activation factor[J].J Biol Chem 1996,271:16363-16368
[66]Leonard JL,Leonard DM and Safran M,et al.The mammalian homolog of the frog type Ⅱselenodeiodinase does not encode a functional enzyme in the rat[J].Endocrinology,1999,140:2206-2215
[67 Leonard DM,Stacheleck SJ.Cloning,expression,and functional characterization of the substrate binding subunit of rat type Ⅱ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase[J].J.Biol.Chem.2000,275:25194-201
[68]Mortimer RH,Galligan JP and Cannell GR,et al.Maternal to fetal thyroxine transmission in the human term placenta is limited by inner ring deiodination[J].J.Clin.EndocrinoL Metab.1996,81:2247-49
[69]Tamura T,Stadtman TC.A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells:Purification,Prperties,and thioredoxin reductase activity[J].Proc.Natl.Acd.Sci,1996,93:1006-1011.
[71]Dan Su,Novoselov SV,Qi-An Sun,et al.Mammalian Selenoprotein Thioredoxin-glutathione Reductese[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2005,280(28):26491-26498
[70]Tapiero H,Townsead DM,Tew KD.The antioxidant role of selenium and selenocompounds [J].Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy,2003,57(3):134-144
[72]Rozell B,Haasaon HA and Luthman M,et al.Immunohistochemical localization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductese in adult rats[J].Eur J Cell Biol,1985,38:79-86
[73]Lee SR,Kim JR and Kwon KS,et al.Molecular cloning and characterization of a mitochondrial selenocysteine-containing thioredoxin reductase from rat liver[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274:4722-4734
[74]Arner E S,Holmgren A.Physiological function of thioredoxin and thionredoxin reductase[J].Eur J Biochem,2000,267:6102-6109.
[75]Lewin MH,Hume R,Howie AF,et al.Thioredoxin reductase and cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase activity in human foetal and nenotal liver[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2001, 1526:237-241.
[76]May JM,Mendiratta S.Reduced of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate by the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase[J].J.Biol.Chem.,1997,272:22607-22610
[77]Qingzhi Wu,Kaixun Huang,Huibi Xu.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,2003,94,301-306
[78]Schutze N,Fritsche J,Ebert DR,et al.The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is expressed in peripheral blood monocytesaad THP human myeloid leukemia cells-regulation by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D_3 and selenite[J].Biofactors,1999,10:329-338
[79]Sahaf B,Soderberg A and Spyrou G,et al.Thioredoxin experession and localization in human cell lines:detection of full-length and truncated species[J].Exp Cell Res,1997,236:181-192
[80]Lacourciere G.M.,Biosynthesis of selenophosphate[J].Biofictor,1999,10(2/3):237-244
[81]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe and Bock A,et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biol Chem,2000,381(9/10):549-504
[82]Xue-Ming XU,CARLSON BA,Robert IRONS,et al.Selenophosphate synthetase 2 is essential for selenoprotein biosynthesis[J].Biochem.J.2007,404:115-120
[83]Tamura T,Yamamoto S,Takahata M,et al.Selenophosphate synthetase genes from lung adenocarcmoma cells:Spsl for recycling L-selenocysteine and Sps2 for selenite assimilation[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2004,101:16162-16167
[84]Xu XM,Carlson BA,Mix H,et al.Biosynthesis of selenocysteine on its tRNA in eukaryotes[J].PloS Biol.2007,5:96-105
[85]Small-Howard A,Morozova N,Stoytcheva Z,et al.Supramolecular complexes mediate selenocysteine incorporation in vivo[J].Mol.Cell Biol.2006,26:2337-2346
[86]Hill K E,Buke R F.Selenoprotein P:recent studies in rats and humans[J].Biomed Environ-Sci,1997,10(223):198-208
[87]Pessson M,,Moschos.Selenoprotein P[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000,57:1836-1845
[88]Hill KE,Lloyd RS,Yang J-q,et al.The cDNA for rat selenoprotein P contains 10 TGA codons in the open reading frame[J].J.Biol.Chem.1991,266:10050-10053
[89]Burk RF,Hill KE.Selenoprotein P:a selenium-rich extracellular glycoprotein[J].J Nutr,1994,124:1891-1897
[90]Saijoh K.Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a bovine selenoprotein P-like protein containing 12 selenocysteines and a(His-Pro) rich domain insertion,and its regional expression[J].Brain Res.Mol.Brain Res.1995,30:301-311
[91]Hill KE,Xia Y and Akesson B,et al.Selenoprotein P concentration in plasma as an index of selenium status in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented Chinese subjects[J].J Nutr.,1996,126:138-145
[92]Read R,Bellew T,Yang JG,et al.Selenium and amino acid composition of selenoprotein P,the major selenoprotein in rat serum[J].J Biol Chem,1990,265:17899-17905
[93]Mortimer RH,Galligan JP and Cannell GR,et al.Maternal to fetal thyroxine transmission in the human term placenta is limited by inner ring deiodination[J].J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1996,81:2247-2249
[94]Burk RF,Hill KE and Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced fiver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P Hepatology.1995,21:561-569
[95]Arteel GE.Protection by selenoprotein P in human plasma against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and nitration[J].Biol.Chem.1998,379:.1201-1205
[96]房青.硒蛋白P的研究进展[J].国外医学分子生物学分册,2002,25(1):123
[97]Y Bao,P Jemth,B Mannervik,et al.Redution of thymine hydroperoxidase by phospholipids hydroperoxide giutathione peroxidaseand glutathione transferase[J].FEBS Lett,1997,410:210-212
[98]vendeland SC,Beilstein MA,Chen CL,et al.Purification and Properties of selenoprotein-W from rat muscle[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:17103-17107
[99]Vendeland SC,Beilstein MA and Whanger PD.Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W:cDNA clone and mRNA modulation by dietary selenium[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S:A.1995,92:8749-8753
[100]Yeh JY,vendeland.SC,Gu QP,et al.Dietary selenium increases selenoprotein W levels in rat tissues[J].J Nutr,1997,127:2165-2172
[101]Gu QP,Beilstein MA,Barofsky E,et al.Purification,characterization,and glutathione binding to selenoprotein W from monkey muscle[J].Areh Biochem Biophys,1999,361:25-33
[102]Sun Y,Gu G-P.Antioxidant function of selenoprotein using overexpressed and underexpressed cultured rat gial cells[J].FASEB J.1998,12:A824
[103]Pedersen ND,Whanger PD,Weswig PH,et al.Selenium binding Proteins in tissues of normal and selenium responsive myopathic lambs[J].Bioinorg Chem,1972,2:33-45
[104]Daewon Jeong,Tae Soo Kim,Ick Young Kim.Selenoprotein W is a giutathione dependment antioxidant in vivo[J].FEBS Letters,2002,517(123):225-228
[105]Macpherson A.selenium,vitamin E and biological oxidation.Proc.28th Feed Manufact[J].Conf.,Univ.Nottingham,U.K,1994,3-30
[106]Arner ES,Holmgren A.Physiological function of thioredoxinand thionredoxin reductase[J].Eur J Biochem,2000,267:6102-6109
[107]Burk RF,Hill KE and Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced fiver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].Hepatology,1995,21:561-569
[108]Arteel GE.Protection by selenoprotein P in human plasma against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and nitration[J].Biol.Chem.1998,379:1201-1205
[109]Gladyshev VN,Hatfield.Review:.selenocysteine-containing proteins in mammals[J].J Biomed Sci,1999,6:151-160
[110]Tapiero H,Townsend DM and Tew KD.The antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds[J].Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy,2003,57:134-144
[111]Carvalho Cristina ML,Eng-Hui Chew and Seyed Isaac Hashemy,et al.Inhibition of human thioredoxin system:A molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2008,3:1-31
[112]Chang WP,Hom JS,Dietert RR,Combs GF,Marsh JA.Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency on chicken splenocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression[J].Immunopharmaeol Immunotoxicol.1994,16(2):203-223
[113]Finch JM,Turner RJ.Effects of selenium and vitamin E on the immune responses of domestic animals.Res Vet Sci 1996;60:97-106
[114]Margaet PR.The importance of selenium to human health(review)[J].Lancet,2000,356:233-241
[115]仝宗喜,康世良,武瑞.硒缺乏雏鸡细胞因子水平变化的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(6),731-735
[116]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI.Selenium and immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.1990,193(2):136-142
[117]Peretz A,Neve J,Desmedt J,et al.Lymphocyte response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1991,53:1323-1328
[118]Roy M,Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Wishe H,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2receptor expression[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1994,41:103-114
[119]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.Ⅱ.Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1994,4.1:115-127
[120]McKenzie RC,Rafferty TS,Beckett GJ.Selenium:an essential element for immune function[J].Immunol Today,1998,19:342-345
[121]黄克和,陈万芳.硒对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化和自然杀伤细胞活力的影响.南京农业大学报,1999,22(2):76-79
[122]Biswas A,Mohan J,Sastry KV.Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail[J].Br Poult Sci,2006,47(4):511-515
[123]Wuryastuti H,Stowe HD,Bull RW,et al.Effects of Vitamin E and selenium on immune responses of peripheral blood,colostrum and milk leukocytes of sows[J].J Anim Sci,1993,71(9):2464-2472
[124]Ndiweni N,Finch JM.Effects of in vitro supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and selenium on bovine neutrophil functions:implications for resistance to mastitis[J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,1996,51(1-2):67-78
[125]秦顺义,黄克和,高建忠.富硒益生菌对小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响[J].营养学报,2006,28(5):423-426
[126]孙恩杰,徐辉碧,刘琼等.硒化合物的免疫增强作用研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1996,8(6):5-8
[127]Caroline S Broome,Francis McArdle,Janet AM Kyle,et al.An increase in selenium intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in adults with marginal selenium status l-3[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2004,80,154-162
[128]程道胜,卢贤瑜.硒对细胞免疫功能影响的研究进展[J].国外医学临床生化与检验学分册,1999,20(4):177-179
[129]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI,Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.1996,52(3):227-239
[130]黄克和,陈万芳等.硒对雏鸡生长、体液免疫和抗自然感染能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1990,13(4):98-102
[131]李光辉.有机硒化合物Cn-1对仔猪免疫系统的影响[J].动物医学进展,1999,20(2):62-63
[132]Rock MJ,Kincaid RL,Carstens GE.Effects of prenatal source and level of dietary selenium on passive immunity and thermometabolism of newborn lambs[J].Small Ruminant Res,2001,40(2):129-138
[133]Pauousis N,Roubies N,Karatzias H,et al.Effect of selenium and vitamin E on antibody production by dairy cows vaccinated against Escherichia coli[J].Vet Res,2001,149(21):643-646
[134]张华,黄克和.薛家宾,等.不同硒源对兔体液免疫及抗氧化能力影响的研究[J].营养学报,2006,28(3):209-212
[135]Mee JFO,frrell KJ,Rogers PAM.Effects of parental iodime and selenoium supplement on calving performance in trace element deficient herds.Inproceddings 18th World Buiatrics Congress:26th congress of the Itanlian Association of Buinatrics,Biogna,Italy.1994,Volume 1
[136]刘来利,董碧兰,王必成.不同硒营养状态下鸡体内甲状腺激素的变化[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2000,3:15-18
[137]Osamu E.The insuin-like effects of selenate in rat adipocytes[J].J biol Chem,1990,265:1124-1128
[138]Becket DJ,Reul B,Ozcelikay AT,et al.Oral selenate improves glucose homeostasis and partly reverses abnormal expression of liver glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in diabetic rats[J].Diabetologia,1996,39(1):3-11
[139]Ozdemir S,Ayaz M,Can B,et al.Effect of selenite treatment on ultrastructural changes in experimental diabetic rat bones[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2005,107(2):167-179
[140]李青旺,耿果霞,王建辰.锌硒对绵羊睾丸发育及初情期体重的影响[J].家畜生态,1998,19(1):19-22
[141]Marin-guzman J,Mahan DC,Chung YK,et al.Effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on boar performance and tissue responses,semen quality and subsequent fertilization rates in mature gifts[J].J Anim Sci,1997,75:2994-3003
[142]埃利诺,麦卡尼.有机硒对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(11):114-115
[143]Ulusu N,Acan N,Turan B.Inhibition of glutathione reductase by cadmium ion in some rabbit tissues and the protective role of dietary selenium[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.2003,91(2):151-156.
[144]胡国刚,刘绣,刘军.亚硒酸钠与硒代蛋氨酸对砷诱导人外周血淋巴细胞遗传毒性保护作用比较[J].中华预防医学杂志,1996,30(1):26-29
[145]Nielsen JB,Andersen O.A comparison of the effects of sodium selenite and seleno-L-methionine on disposition of orally administered mearcuric chloride[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1991,5(4):245-250
[146]杨克敌,陈军,王桂珍等.不同浓度硒拮抗氟致脂质过氧化和微量元素影响的研究[J].卫生研究,1998,27(3):201-204
[147]Abd-El-Aziz MI,El-Begawy M,Kamel FM,et al.Trials of modulating the toxicity of aflatoxin[J].Egypion J Comp Path Clin Path,1994,7:453-468
[148]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia,2004,157,99-109
[149]Arthur JR.The glutathione peroxidase[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000,57,1825-1835
[150]Croteau W,Davey JC,Galton VA,et al.Cloning of the mammalian type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase[J].J Clin Invest,1996,98:405-417
[151]Kvicala J.Selenium and organism[J].Cas Lek Cesk,1999,138(4):99-106
[152]Shen QJ.Sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the human cellular glutathione peroxidase gene are necessary and sufficient for selenocysteine incorporation at the UGA codon[J].Biol.Chem.1993,268,11463-11469
[153]Hubert N,Walczak R,Carbon P,et al.A protein binds the selenocysteine insertion element in the 3'-UTR of mammalian selenoprotein mRNAa[J].Nucleic Acids Research,1996,24(3):464-469
[154]Berry MJ,Banu L,Chen Y,et al.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme[J].Nature,1991,353(6341):273-276
[155]Berry MJ,Banu L,Larsen PR,et al.Functional characterization of the eukaryotic SECIS elements which direct selenocysteine insertion at UGA codons[J].EMBO J.1993,12(8):3315-3322
[156]Kollmus H,Flohe L,McCarthy JEG.Analysis of eukaryotic mRNA structures directing co-translational incorporation of selenocystein[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1996,24,1195-1201
[157]Lee BJ,Rajagopalan M,Kim YS,et al.Selenoprotein tRNA~[Ser]Sec) gene is ubioquitous within the Animal Kindom[J].Mol.Cell Biol,1990,10,1940-1949
[158]Tormay P,Bock A.Barriers to heterologous expression of a selenoprotein gene in bacteria [J].Journal of Bacteriology,1997,179(3):576-582
[159]Burk FR,Hill KE.Regulation of selenoproteins[J].Ann.Rev.Nutr.1993,13,65-81
[160]Bermano G,Nicol F,Dyer J,et al.Tissue specific regulation of selenoeazyme gene expression during selenium deficiency in rats[J].Biochem.J.1995,311,425-430
[161]Xin GL,Evenson JK,Sunde RA,et al.Glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase are differentially regulated in rats by dietary selenium [J].J.Nutr,1995,125,1438-1446
[162]Kevin B,Hadley,Roger A,et al.Selenium regulation of thioredoxin reductase activity and mRNA levels in rat liver[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2001,12:693-702
[163]Bermano G.Selective control of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA stability by selenium supply[J].FEBS L.1996(a),387,157-160
[164]Bermano G.Role of the 3' untranslated region in the regulation of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene expression by selenium supply[J].Biochem.J.1996(b),320,891-895
[165]Xin GL.,Deborah AR,Karl RR.ComParison of age-related differences in expression of phospholipid hydroparoxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA and activity in various tissues of pigs[J].Comp.Biochem.Physiol,199.7,117(1):109-114
[166]Shuntaro HARA,Yasnko SHOJI,Atsoko SAKLTRAI,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Cells.Biol.Fharm Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[167]Christensen MY.Dietary selenium stanbilizes glutethione peroxidase messager RNA in rat lives[J]J Nutr,1992,122,1620-1626
[168]Burk RF,Hill KE.Selenoprotein P,A selenium-rich extracellular glycoprotein[J].J Nutr,1994,124,1891-1897
[169]Diane DePalo,Kinlaw WB,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Type I 5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[170]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135,2144-2150
[171]Mitchell JH,Nicol F,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and lives of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rats[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-67
[1]林藩平.硒营养研究的最新进展[J].福建畜牧兽医,2002,24(2)45-51
[2]游金明等.微景元素硒营养的研究与应用.中国饲料.2002,8,13
[3]Hemingway RG.The influences of intakes and supplemention with selenium and vitaminE on reproduction diseasea and reproductive efficiency in cattle and sheep[J].Vet Res,2003,27,159-174
[4]方向柒.猪硒缺乏引起跛行和趴窝[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,1:32
[5]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Vet.Med.A,1990,37,708-720
[6]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-94
[7]Whitacre ME,Combs GF,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].Nutr,1987,117,460-467
[8]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of anfioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparafive Biochemistry and Physiology Part B.2002,131,815-823
[9]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.The selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency[J].Poult Sci,1977,56(6):1876-1881
[10]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult.Sci,1974, 53,1870-1880
[11]陶应龙,范曼.硒与疾病[J].地方病通报,2005,20(4):94-96
[12]刘宗平.现代动物营养代谢病学[M].化学工业出版社,2003,120-132
[13]Levesque M.Some aspects of selenium rehtionships in Eastern Canadian soils and plants[J].Can.J.Soil Sri,1974,54:117-125
[14]Underwood EJ.Trace element in human and animal nutrition[J].Academic Press,New York SanFranciso London,1977,8-10
[15].Sehrauzbr GN.Cancer mortality correlation studies-Ⅲ:Statistical associations with dietary selenium intake[J].Bioinorganic Chemistry,1977,7:23-24
[16]中国营养学会.推荐的每日膳食中营养素供给量的说明[J].营养学报,1990,12(1):1-9
[17]The Research Group of Keshan Disease of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Research on the Relation Between Selenium and Keshan Disease[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae,1979,1(1):75-80
[18]Research Team of Environment and Endemic Diseases.Studies on Low Selenium Belt in China and Pathogeny of Keshan and Kaschin-beck Diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,1986,7(4):89-93
[19]Wasowica W,Cromadzinska J,Sklodowska M,et al.Selenium Concentration and Glutathioneperoxidase.Activity in Blood of Children with Cancer[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes health Dis,1994,8(1):53-57
[20]Reid GM,Territ H.Sudden InfantDeath Syndrome and PlacentalDisorders:the Thyroid-selenium Link[J].Med Hypotheses,1997,48(4):317-324
[21]Clark LC,Alberts DS.Selenium and Cancer.Risk or Protection[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,1995,87:473
[22]王朝俊,肖志芳,江映红,等.四川省食管癌死亡率与发硒含量关系探讨[J].微量元素与健康研究,1998,15(2):24
[23]陈东东.微量元素与恶性肿瘤的文献计量学研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000,17(4):24
[24]Misso NL,Powers RA,Gillon RL,et al.Reduced PlateletGlutathione peroxidease Activeity and Serum Selenium Concentrateion in Atopic Asthmatic Patients[J].Clin Exp Allergy,1996,26(7):838-847
[25]Kadrabova J,Madric A,Kovacikova Z,et al.Selenium Status is Decreased in Patientswith Intrinsic Asthma[J].Binl Trace Elem Res.1996,521(3):241-248
[26]邹文华,刘泽林,饶国华,等.硒对126例糖尿病的疗效[J].中国临床药学杂志,1998,7(2):71-74
[27]秦俊法.微量元素与糖尿病[J].广东微量元素科学,2000,7(2):1-15
[28]Wang Z,Hess JL,Bunce GE.Deferoxamine Effect on Selenite-induced Eataract Formation in Rats[J].Invest Ophthalmol Via Sci,1992,33(8):2511-2519
[29]方向柒.猪硒缺乏引起跛行和趴窝[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,1:32.
[30]Hemingway RG.The influences of intakes and supplemention with selenium and vitaminE on reproduction diseasea and reproductive efficiency in cattle and sheep[J].Vet Res,2003,27:159-174
[31]王长青.微量元素硒的生理作用及畜禽补硒方法的研究进展[J].国外畜牧学-饲料,1996,3:31-33
[32]王珍琴.雏鸡硒—VE缺乏症的诊断[J].中国兽医杂志.1999,9:23-25
[33]荀黎红,吴丛雅.高硒与疾病关系的研究进展[J].国外医学医学地理分册 2005,26(3):105-108
[34]侯建军.硒的生物功能.生物学通报,1997,(5):16
[35]陈炳卿.营养与食品卫生学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996,PP33-34
[36]邓英,付德强,杨艳梅,等.硒中毒的研究与防治[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005,7,43
[37]Peter Aitken,张供领,肖新.硒毒症[J].中国畜牧兽医,2002,29(5):42-43
[38]贺建忠.硒中毒的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2007,6,37-38
[39]程德元,黄权钜.畜禽缺硒病与硒中毒病[J].农村养殖技术,1999,6,22
[40]National Research Council(1980).Recommended dietary allowances,9~(th) ed.National Academy Press,Washington,DC,1984
[41]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000,217-223
[42]黄峙.食品硒源的生物学研究进展[J].食品科学,2001,22(5):90-94
[43]方国跃.不同硒源对内仔鸡生产性能的影响[D].湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[44]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京农业大学博士论文,2006
[45]National Research Council.1994.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.9th rev.ed.National Academy Press,Washington,DC.
[46]AAFCO.2003.Official Publication.Association of American Feed Control Officials Incorporated,Olympia,WA.
[47]胡雪峰.丁瑞兴.低硒茶园生产富硒茶的研究[J].土壤,1998,(1):31-35
[48]李静,夏建国,巩发永,等.外源硒肥对茶叶硒含量及化学品质的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(4):104-106
[49]杜琪珍,沈星荣,方兴汉.茶叶中的硒成分分析[J].茶叶科学,1991,11(2):133-137
[50]钟颜麟,刘勤晋.茶硒赋存形态的研究[J].茶叶科学,1992,12(2):94
[51]胡秋辉,潘根兴,安辛欣,等.富硒茶对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响[J].茶叶科学,2001,21:44-47
[52]Hu QH,Pan GX,An XX,et al.Physiological function of Se-enriched tea fertilized with sodium selenite and naturally high-Se tea in rats[J].J Sci Food Agric,2001,81:202-204
[53]Hu QH,Pan GX,Zhu JC.Effect of fertilization on selenium content of tea and the nutritional function of Se-enriched tea in rats[J].Plant & Soil,2002,238:91-95
[54]Amantana A,Santana RC,Buffer JA,et al.Antimutagenic activy of Se-enriched green tea towards the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5]quinoline[J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res,2002,86:177-191
[55]黄峙,向军俭,郑文杰,等.钝顶螺旋藻富集转化硒及硒在藻体中的分布[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(1):12-14
[56]周志刚,李富朋,刘志礼,等.三种螺旋藻及其蛋白质、多糖和脂类结合硒的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1997,28(4):363-370
[57]乔玉辉,商树田.施硒对钝顶螺旋藻品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,(1):31-3
[58]Li ZY,Guo SY,Li L.Bioeffects of selenite on the growth of Spirulina platensis and its biotransformation[J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(2):171-176
[59]董强,董云玲,钱凯先,等.富硒螺旋藻对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,1998,15(4):3-4
[60]黄峙,郑文杰.富硒螺旋藻对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的拮抗效应[J].卫生研究,2007,36(1):34-36
[61]彭赟,黄峙,郭宝江.富硒螺旋藻清除氧自由基的初步研究[J].营养学报,2005,27(1):61-65
[62]邦建仙,李璇.硒的天然有机化及在谷物食品中应用的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,1997,8,30-32
[63]Gupta UC,Kunelins HT,Winter KA.Effect of foliar applied selenium on yields and selenium concentration of alfafa,timothy and barley[J].Con J Soil Sci,1983,63:455-459
[64]罗盛国,徐宁彤,刘元英.叶面喷硒提高粮食中的硒含量[J].东北农业大学学报,1999,30(1):18-22
[65]宋家永,李敬光,王永华,等.喷施硒肥对小麦生理特性、子粒硒含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2005,39(2):139-143
[66]胡秋辉,杨方美,潘根兴,等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食品硒水平的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2001,23(3):42-45
[67]Yang F,Chen L,Hu Q,et al.Effect of the application of selenium on selenium content of soybean and its products[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2003,93(1/3):249-256
[68]Chen L,Yang F,Xu J,et al.Determination of selenium concentration office in China and the effect of fertilization of selenite and selenate on selenium content of rice[J].J Agric Food Chem,2002,50,5128-5130
[69]陈历程,杨方美,张艳玲,等.我国部分大米含硒量分析及生物硒肥对籽粒硒水平的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(4):341-345
[70]张心敏,丁霄霖,秦日方,等.几种蔬菜的硒结合规律和农艺优化研究[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1997,16(4):7-12
[71]施和平.番茄叶片对~(75)Se的吸收和在植株中的转化[J].核农学报,1992,6(3):190-192
[72]尚庆茂,李平兰,高丽红.水培生菜对硒的吸收和转化[J].园艺学报,1997,24(3):255-258
[73]Carvalho KM,Gallardo-Williams MT,Benson RF,et al.Effects of selenium supplementation on four agricultural crops[J].J Agric Food Chem.2003,51(3):704-709
[74]Raghavan B,Abraham KO,Shankaranarayana ML.Chemistry of Garlic and Garfic Products [J].J Scient Ind Res,1983,42:401-404
[75]Ip C,Lisk DJ,Stoewsand GS.Mammary cancer prevntion by regular garlic and selenium-enriched sarlic[J].Nutr Cancer,1992,217:279-286
[76]段咏新,傅庭治.大蒜对硒的吸收及硒对大蒜生长的影响[J].广东微量元素科学,1997,4(11):52-55,
[77]Arnault I,Auger J.Seleno-compounds in garlic and onion[J].J Chromatogr A,2006,1112(1-2):23-30
[78]冯启利,石燕,叶反帝.家禽饲料中的硒的强化效果测定[J].中国家禽,1998,20(6):1-3
[79]Li JK,Wang XL.Effect of dietary organic versus inorganic selenium in hying hens on the productivity,selenium distribution in egg and selenium content in blood,liver and kidney[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,2004,18:65-68
[80]Lintschinger J,Fuchs N,Moser J,et al.Selenium-enriched sprouts.A raw material for fortified cereal-baded diets[J].J Agric Food Chemistry,2000,48:5326-5368
[81]诸亚君,陈望秋,曹禄森等.富硒麦芽粉对黄曲霉毒素诱导外周白细胞DNA的非程序合成的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12(3):248-252
[82]李家奎.富硒麦芽的培养及蛋鸡对其中硒的相对生物利用率研究[D].南京农业大学,1999
[83]赵圣.富硒麦芽硒在肝脏肿瘤发生过程中的作用[D].南京农业大学,2002
[84]刘海舰.硒对大鼠生长和人工诱发糖尿病大鼠防病作用的研究[D].南京农业大学,2002
[85]魏安池.富硒豆芽及其生产方法的研究[J].郑州粮食学院学报,1996,17(2):67-70
[86]黄志立,麦炳培.硒元素在绿豆芽中的富集研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(6):200-203
[87]李家奎,王小龙.硒的生物转化研究进展[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,38(3):35-37
[88]刘曼西,于秀芝,孙宪洁,等.硒酵母成分的研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),1985,13(3):115-119
[89]Schrauzer GN.Nutritional Selenium Supplements:Product Types,Quality,and Safety[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2001,20(1):1-4
[90]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine[J].J Anim Sci.1996,74(12):2967-2974
[91]Mahan DC,Cline TR,Richert B.Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources fed to growing-finishing pigs on performance,tissue selenium,serum glutathione peroxidase activity,carcass characteristics,and loin quality[J].J Anim Sci.1999,77(8):2172-2179
[92]于英杰,许晓婧,李元亮,等.富硒酵母安全性试验研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(9):38-40
[93]Whanger,PD.Selenium and its relatioship to cancer:an update dagger[J].Brit J Nulz,2004,91(1):11-28
[94]路文彬.富硒乳酸杆菌的研究[J].首都医学院学报,1994,15(2):114
[95]宋照军,潘润淑,王树宁.等.富硒乳酸菌筛选及其富硒工艺初探[J].食品工业科技,2004,25(7):62-64
[96]余善鸣,孙强,徐伟,等.乳酸菌耐硒能力的研究[J].现代食品科技,2005,21(4):17-19
[97]朱俊晨.嗜酸乳杆菌的生长与富硒的动态关系研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2004,16(5):276-277
[98]杨筱曼.富硒乳酸菌对亚急性肝损伤和肝纤维化动物的保护效应及其机制研究[D].南京师范大学,2007
[99]林琳,谢必锋,施巧琴.富硒香菇的深层培养及其特性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,14(3):77-81
[100]梁英,杨宏志,陈艳.富硒香菇、木耳营养成分分析[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2000,12(4):66-69
[101]曹素芳,吴洁先,李学蜂,等.富硒平菇的研究[J].食用菌,1996,(6):19-20
[102]张檀,杜双田,陈德育,等.5种无机物对璇头菌发菌期产量及锌、硒富集影响的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(1):59-153
[103]梁英,杨宏志.黑木耳富硒栽培研究田.食用菌学报,2000,7(4):34-37
[104]胡国元,李伟伟.富硒金针菇深层培养研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,18(2):21-23
[105]陈家华.畜禽及其产品质量和安全分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007,P042-050
[106]张维英,吴敦虎,徐维浩,等.富硒鸡蛋研制与含硒量的测定[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,2000,5,17-19
[107]杨光圻.膳食硒需要量和安全摄入量范围研究述要[J].营养学报,1992,14(3):218
[108]陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加富硒酵母——生产富硒鸡蛋的研究[J].饲料研究,2003,7,1-3
[1109]伍智文,汤珍山.利用生物活性硒生产天然富硒牛奶的试验报告[J].当代畜牧,2004,3,5-6
[110]何葆祥,刘护国,郭连庆,等.关于富硒猪肉及其对人血液含硒量影响的试验[J].养猪,2005,4,46-47
[111]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult.Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[112]Cantor AH,Langevin ML and Noguchi T.Efficacy of selenium compounds and feedstuffs for prevention of pancreatic fibrosis in chicks[J].J Nutr,1975,105:106
[113]Latshaw JD and Osman M.Distribution of Selenium in Egg White and Yolk after Feeding Natural and Synthetic Selenium Compounds[J].Poultry Science,1975,54,1244-1254
[114]Osman M and Latshaw JD.Biological Potency of Selenium from Sodium Selenite,Selenomethionine,and Selanocystine in the Chick[J].Poultry Science,1976,55,987-994
[115]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[116]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[117]Heinz GH and Hoffman DJ.Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine,seleno-DL-methionine,and selanized yeast on reproduction of mallards[J].Environ Pollut,1996,91(2):169-175
[118]尹兆正,冯杰.蛋氨酸硒对肉用仙居鸡生长性能、硒存留率和胴体特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,40(4):13-15
[119]Collins VC,Cantor AH,Ford MJ,et al.Bioavailability of selenium in selenized yeast for broiler chicken[J].Poultry Sci,1993,72:85
[120]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition and Biotechnology[M],Sire JS,Nakai S and Guenter W,EDs.CABI Publisking,New York,NY.2000,473-476
[121]Edens F,Carter TA and Sefton AE.Influence of dietary selenium sources on postmortem drip loss from breast meat of broilers grown on different litters[J].Poultry Sci,19966,75(supplement 1):60
[122]Mollim JD and Osman M.Improved performance with dietary organic selenium to broiler [J].J Anim Sci,1996,26:28
[123]Choct M,Naylor AJ and Reinke.Selenium supplementation affects broiler growth performance,meat yield and feather coverage[J].Britiah Poultry Science,2004,45(5):677-683
[124]Wakebe M.Feed for chicken and for hen.Japanese Patent Office,Patent number JP10023864A2.Jan 27,1998
[125]陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加有机硒对鸡蛋硒、VE含量和哈氏单位的影响[J],动物营养学报,2003,16:32
[126]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[127]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources On age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[128]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[129]Utterback PL,Parsons CM and Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Poult Sci.2005,84(12),1900-1910
[130]Payne RL and Southern LL.Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Selenium Sources for Broilers[J].Poultry Science,2005,84,898-902
[131]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet.Acta Agric.Scand.1990,40,279-287
[132]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J],动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[1]Vergio F.Anti- und Probiotika.Hippokrates,1954,25,16-119
[2]Lilly DM,Stillwell RH.Probiotics:growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms[J].Sci,1965,147,747-748
[3]Parker RB.Probiotics,the other half of the antibiotics story[J].Nutr.Health,1974,29:4-8
[4]Fuller R.A renew:probiotics in man and animals[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1989,66:365-378
[5]Havenaar R and Huis in't Veld JHJ.Probiotics:a general view.In:The Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease(2nd Ed),London:Elsevier Applied Science,1992:151-224
[6]康白.双歧杆菌[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998:1-120
[7]Guarner F,Schaafsma GJ.Probiotics[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1998,39:237-238
[8]Working group report,Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food,Joint Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and The World Health Organisation.Http://wvw.fao.org/es/ESN/Probio/Probio.htm.
[9]Philippe M.Basic aspects and pharmacology of probiotics:an overview of pharmacokinetics,mechanisms of action and side-effects[J].Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol,2003,17(5):725-740
[10]Rolfe RD.The Role of Probiotic Cultures in the Control of Crastrointestinal Health[J].J Nutr,2000,130:396-402
[11]Pascual M,Hugas M,Badiola JI,et al.Lactobacillus salivarius CTC2197 prevents Salmonella enteritidis colonization in chickens[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1999,65:4981-4986
[12]马雪云,王红妹,杨玉华.乳酸杆菌活菌制剂对大肠杆菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌体外拮抗试验[J].山东畜牧兽医,2006,3:4-5
[13]王平,崔德凤,张永红.生芽孢杆菌TPY-211防治7日龄内仔猪腹泻的试验报告[J].北京农学院学报,2000,15(1):29-32
[14]苏勇,姚文,黄瑞华,朱伟云.芽孢乳杆菌S1对断奶前后仔猪肠道乳酸菌、大肠杆菌和挥发性脂肪酸含量变化的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35(1):73-76
[15]Fangac H,Elinaa T,Heikkib A,et al.Modulation of humoral immune response through probiotics intake[J].J Solid State Chem,2000,29:47-52
[16]Sheih YH.systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2001,20:149-156
[17]孟祥晨,霍贵成.双歧杆菌对正常小白鼠免疫调节及肠道菌群的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(04):458-464
[18]Paturi G,Phillips M,Jones M,et al.Immune enhancing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 in mice[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2007,115(1):115-118
[19]张春杨,牛钟相,常维山,等.益生菌剂对肉用仔鸡的营养、免疫促进作用[J].中国预防兽医学报,2002,24(1):51-54
[20]倪耀娣,鲁改如,马学会,等.微生态制剂对肉仔鸡免疫器官及抗病力的影响[J].河北畜牧兽医,2004,20(1):20-21
[21]Herich It,Revajova V,Levkut M.The effect of Lactobacillus paracasei and raftilose P95Upon the non-specific immune response of piglets[J].Food and Agricultural Immunology,2002,14:171-179
[22]张常明,李路胜,王修启,等.乳酸菌对断奶仔猪生产性能及免疫力的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2006,27(3):81-84
[23]Man GV,Spoerry A.Study of surfactant and cholesteremia in the Massi[J].Am Clin Nutr,1974,27:464-469
[24]Gilland SE,Speck ML.Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal lactobacilli[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1977,33:15-18
[25]Gilland SE,Nelson CR,Maxwell C.Assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacillus acid ophilus [J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1985,49:377-381
[26]Rasic JL,Vujicic LF,Skringer M.Assimilation of cholesterol by some culture of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria[J].Biotechnol Lett,1992,14:39-44
[27]Akalin AS,Gonc S,Duezel S.Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice[J].J Dairy Sci,1997,80:2721-2725
[28]Taranto NIP,Medici M,Perdigon G,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on the prevention of hypercholesterolemia in mice[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83:401-403
[29]Usman,Hosono A.Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gassed on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(8):1705-1711
[30]Xiao JZ,Kondo S,Takahashi N,et al.Effects of milk products fermented by bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2452-2461
[31]肖琳琳,董明盛.西藏干酪乳酸菌降胆固醇特性研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(10):142-145
[32]孟和毕力格,张和平,陈永福,等.嗜酸乳杆菌MG2-1对大鼠血清脂质代谢的影响研究[J].微生物学报,2005,45(6):865-870
[33]Klaver FAM,Meer K Van der.The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus and Bilidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity[J].Appl Envirpn Microbiol,1993,59:1120-1124
[34]Taranto MP,Sesma F.Bile Salt hydrolase phays a key role on cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus reuteri[J].Biotechnol Lett,1997,19:845-847
[35]Lin Meei-YN,Chen Tseng-Wei.Reduction of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus in culture roth[J].Food Drug Aual,2000,8(2):97-102
[36]吴新民,杨金晓,范葵红.酵母菌在对虾饵料中的应用[J].饲料研究,1998,10:4-6
[37]Tovar D,Zambonino J,Cahu C,et al.Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae[J].Aquaculture,2002,204:113-123
[38]刘小刚,周洪琪,华雪铭,等.微生态制剂对异育银鲫消化酶活性的影响[[J].水产学报,2002,26(5):448-451
[39]刘波,谢骏,刘文斌,等.地衣芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生长的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(4):336-340
[40]潘木水,周风珍,张玲华,等.复合益生菌对肉仔鸡小肠内容物酶活性的影响[J].中国饲料,2005,23:21-22
[41]Guerra NP,Bernardez PF,Mendez J,et al.Production of four potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria and their evaluation as feed additives for weaned piglets[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2007,134(1/2):89-107
[42]Endo T,Nakano M,Shimizu S,et al.Effects of a probiotic on the lipid metabolism of cocks fed on cholesterol enriched diet[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1999,63(9):1569-1575.
[43]Samanya M,Yamauchi KE.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var uatto[J].Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,2002,133(1): 95-104
[44]Santoso U,Ohtani S,Tanaka K,et al.Dired Bacillus subtilis reduced ammonia gas release in poultry house[J].Asian Austral J Anim,1999,12(5):806-809
[45]Kim HS.Characterization of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as applied to dietary adjuncts[J].Cult Dairy Prod J,1998,23(3):6-9
[46]Doleyres Y.Bifidobacterium Iongum ATCC15707 cell production during free and immobilized-cell cultures in MRS-whey permeate medium.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2002,60:168-173
[47]Drasar BS,Hill JF.Intestinal bacteria and cancer[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1972,25:1399-1404
[48]Mclntosh OH,Royle PJ,Playne MJ.A probiotic strain of L.acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Nutr Cancer,1999,35,153-159
[49]Zabala MR,Martin AL,Haza L,et al.Anti-proliferative effect of two lactic acid bacteria strains of human origin on the growth of a myeloma cell line[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2001,32(4):287-292
[50]Goldin BR,Gorbach SL.Alterations in fecal microflora enzymes related to diet,age,Lactobacillus supplements and dimethyihydrazine[J].Cancer,1977,40:2421-2426
[51]Mcconnell MA,G Tannock W.A note on lactobacilli and β-glucuronidase activity in the intestinal contents of mice[J].J Appl Bacteriol,1993,74:649-651
[52]Haberer P,du Toit M,Dicks LMT,et al.Effect of potentially prohiotic lactobacilli on feacal enzyme activity in minipigs on a high fat,high-cholesterol diet-a preliminary in vivo trial[J].Int Food Micro,2003,27:1-5
[53]Boubekri K,Ohta Y.Antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria from El-Klila Cheese[J].J Sci Food Agric,1996,72:397-402
[54]Matar C,Nadathur SS,TBakalinsky A,et al.Antimutagenic Effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus L89 and a protease-deficient derivative[J].J Dairy Sci,1997,80:1965-1970.
[55]Holzapfel WH,Haberer P,Snel J,et al.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1998,41:85-101
[56]康白.微生态学原理[M].大连:大连出版社,2002:1-10
[57]益生素国内外应用现状[J].中国家禽,2001,23(10):15
[58]杨景云.医用微生态学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1997:97-100
[59]Fuller R and Brooker BE.Lactobacilli which attach to the crop epithelium of the fowl[J].The American Journa of Clinical Nutrition,1974,27:1305-1312
[60]何明清.动物微生态[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,80-81
[61]杨增岐.健康鸡嗉囊和盲肠内容物正常菌群的分离和鉴定[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(1):45-53
[62]Rantale NE.New aspects of Salmonella infection in broiler production[J].Nature, London.1973,241:210-211
[63]任贵强,张七斤,张和平,等.两株乳酸菌对鸡新城疫HI抗体效价影响的研究[J].中国家禽,2006,28(4):15-17
[64]Dinarello CA.Interlenkin-1 and its biologically relaudly to kine[J].ADV Immnol,1989,74:153-157
[65]Mountzouris KC,Tsirtsikos P,Kalamara E,et al.Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus,and Pediococcus Strains in Promoting Broiler Performance and Modulating Cecal Microflora Composition and Metabolic Activities[J].Poultry Science,2007,86:309-317
[66]张敏,苗晓微,李福俊,等.益生素对肉鸡肠道菌群及免疫器官指数的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007,11,35-36
[67]司振书.微生态制剂对蛋鸡免疫功能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(30):9534-9536
[68]Ranta,Marjatta.Prevention of the grow th of Salmonella infantis in chicks by the flora of the alimentary tract of chickens[J].British Poultry Science,1973,14:627-630
[69]马彦博,白东英,邓雯.EM制剂在蛋鸡生产中的应用效果试验[J].家畜生态,2003,24(4):17-18
[70]赖国旗,张德纯,韦克.生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2005,17(5)329-331
[71]Goren E,De Jong WA,Doornenhal P,et al.Protection of chicks against Salmonella infectiion by spray application of intestinal microflora in hatchery[J].Vet Querterly,1984,73
[72]李桂杰,张钧利,徐海燕.益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料博览,2000,1:43-44
[73]Jin LZ,HoYW,Abdullah N,et al.Digestive and Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Lactobacillus Cultures[J].Poultry Science,2000,79:886-891
[74]王军,汪植三.EM制剂对鸡的生长性能与鸡粪除臭效果的影响[J].家畜生态,2001,22(2):22-26
[75]庄志伟,李栋刚,房坤.微生态制剂处理肉鸡垫料[J].中国家禽,2002,24(24):29
[76]刘华周,张妙玲,董白舒.EM生物技术在蛋鸡生产中的应用研究[J].中国家禽,1997,12:9-10
[77]沈宪文,田野,金春英.应用微生态制剂对鸡蛋品质的研究[J].养禽与禽病防治,1999,12:19-20
[1]Corvilain B,Contempre B,Longombe AO.et al.Selenium and the thyroid:how the relationship was established.Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2 Suppl):244S-248S
[2]Kohrl J,Bdgelius-Flohe R,Bock A.et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biological Chemistry,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[3]Brown K M,Arthur J R.Selenium,selenoproteins and human health:a review[J].Public Health Nutrition,2001,4(2B):593-599
[4]By K.J.Wedekind,S.Yu and G.F.Combs.The selenium requirement of the puppy.J.Anim.Physiol.a.Anim.Nutr.2004,88,340-347
[5]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A.Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concentrations of type Ⅰiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins.Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2Suppl):310S-312S
[6]Arthur JR,Nicol F,Beckett GJ.The role of selenium in thyroid hormone metabolism and effects of selenium deficiency on thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism.Biol Trace Elem Res.1992,33:37-42
[7]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctalurus punctatus).Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[8]Guamer F,Schaafsma GJ.Probiotics[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,1998,39(3):237-238
[9]Perdigon G,Vintini E,Alvarez S,et al.Study of the possible mechanisms involved in the mucosal immune system activation by lactic acid bacteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(6):1108-1114
[10]Ogawa M,Shimizu K,Nomoto K,et al.Inhibition of in vitro growth of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O 157:H7 by probiotic Lactobacillus strains due to production of lactic acid[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2001,68(1-2):135-140
[11]Commanea D,Hughes R,Shortt C.et al.The potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action of probiotics[J].Mutation Research,2005,591:276-289
[12]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[13]秦顺义,黄克和,高建忠.不同硒源对羔羊抗氧化能力、血浆细胞因子水平及T_3、T_4的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(2):102-106
[14]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient requirements of poultry[M].9th rev.ed.Washington:National Academy Press,1994
[15]夏枚生,潘金敏,胡彩虹等.纳米硒对肉鸡生长、肝脏脱碘酶活性和血清甲状腺激素的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):24-28
[16]李家奎,王小龙,赵圣,韩博,等.富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的分布及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率[J].中国兽医学报,2001,21(4):395-398
[17]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[y].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[18]高建忠,黄克和,秦顺义.不同硒源对仔猪组织硒沉积和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(1):85-88
[19]Tortuero F,Fernandez E.Effects of inclusion of microbial cultures in barley-based diets fed to laying hens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1995,53:255-265
[20]Panda AK,Reddy MR,Rama Rao S V,et al.Production performance,serum/yolk cholesterol and immune competence of White Leghorn layers as influenced by dietary supplementation with probiotic[y].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2003,35(1):85-94
[21]Berry MJ,Laila Banu & P,Reed Larsen.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme.NATURE,1991,349(31):438-440
[22]Beckett GJ,David A,Macdnugall,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[y].Biochem.J.1989,259,887-892
[23]Arthur JR,Fergus Nicol and Beckett GJ.Hepatic iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and the role of selenium[J].Biochem.J.1990,272,537-540
[24]Beckett GJ,Alison Russell,Fergus Nicol,et al.Effect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ5-iodnthyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone levels in the rat[J].Biochem.J.1992,282,483-486
[25]Bates JM,Spate VL,Steven Morris J,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Tissue Selenium Content,Deiodinase Activity,and Thyroid Hormone Economy in the Rat during Development[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(7):2490-2500
[26]He jianhua,Akira Ohtsuka,and Kunioki Hayashi.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84,727-732
[27]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].第四版,北京:中国农业出版社,2003,pp368-372
[28]Beckett GJ,Beddows SE,Morrice PC,et al.Inhibition of hepatic deiodination of thyroxine is caused by selenium deficiency in rats[J].Biochem.J.1987,248,443-447
[1]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Book A,et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biol Chem,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[2]Dodig S,Cepelak I.The facts and controversies about selenium[J].Acta Pharm,2004,54(4):261-276
[3]Combs G F Jr.Food system-based approaches to improving micronutrient nutrition:The case for selenium[J].Biofactors,2000,12(1-4):39-43
[4]Research Team of Environment and Endemic Diseases.Studies on low selenium belt in China and pathogeny of Keshan and Kasehin-beek Diseases[J].Chin J EnViron Sei,1986,7,89-93
[5]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1990,37(9):708-720
[6]Avanzo JL,de Mendonea CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antiorddant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2002,131(4):815-823
[7]Cantor AH,Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatehability, performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[y].Poult Sci,1974,53(5):1870-1880
[8]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctalurns punctatus)[J].Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[9]黄志坚,林藩平,邱承亮等.富硒酵母对奶牛抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].营养学报,2004;26(1):27-30
[10]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[11]仲崇华.不同硒源对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫指标及硒利用率的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006
[12]Schumacher LK,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Selenium and immulle cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2[J].Experimental Biology and Medicine,1990,193(2):136-142
[13]美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会.家禽营养需要[M].第九修订版.蔡辉益,译..北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994,19-37
[14]Pan CL,Huang KH,Zhao YX,et al.Effect of selenium source and level in hen's diet on tissue selenium deposition and egg selenium concentrations[J].J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:1027-1032
[15]刘华忠,黄银燕,陈绍红.谷氨酰胺对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化作用的影响[J].中国饲料,2004,24,23-25
[16]Sander I,Braune S,Volkmann C,et al.Application of the leukocyt transformation test(LTT) in different avian species employing MTT as a alternative to the use of isotope[J].Poultry Immunology,1996,24:437
[17]Chang WP,Hom JS,Dieter RR,et al.Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency on chicken splenocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression[J].Immunophannacol Immunotoxicol,1994,16(2):203-223
[18]黄克和,陈万芳.硒对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化和自然杀伤细胞活力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(2):76-79
[19]Biswas A,Mohan J,Sastry KV.Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail[J].Br Poult Sci,2006,47(4):511-515
[20]杜念兴.兽医免疫学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989,12-29,78-87
[21]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999,387-453
[22]高建忠,秦顺义,黄克和.富硒益生菌对仔猪抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].营养学报,2006,28(2):132-134
[23]秦顺义.一种富含有机硒的益生菌制剂的研制与作用机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007
[1]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179(73):588-590
[2]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferous grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].J Anim Sci.1984,59(3):725-732
[3]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].J Anim Sci.1992,70(12):3934-3940
[4]Wu Q,Huang K,Xu H.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].J Inorg Biochem.2003,94(4):301-306
[5]Brenneisen P,Steinbrenner H,Sies H.Selenium,oxidative stress,and health aspects[J].Mol Aspects Med.2005,26(4-5):256-267
[6]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1990,37(9):708-720
[7]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-994
[8]Whitacre ME,Combs GF Jr,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].J Nutr,1987.117(3):460-467
[9]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol,2002,131(4):815-823
[10]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.The selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency [J].Poult Sci.1977,56(6):1876-1881
[11]Cantor AH,and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poultry Science,1974,53(5):1870-1880
[12]Zachara BA,Mikolajczak J,Trafikowska U.Effect of various dietary selenium(Se) intakes on tissue Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in lambs[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1993,40(4):310-318
[13]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[14]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[15]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[16]Julius AD,Davies MH,Birt DF.Toxic effects of dietary selenium in the Syrian hamster[J].Ann Nutr Metab,1983,27(4):296-305
[17]Hoffman DJ.Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds(Review)[J].Aquat Toxicol.2002,57(1-2):11-26
[18]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[19]Mahan DC and Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny [J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(11):2711-2718
[20]Yoshida M,Fukanaga K,Tsuchita H,et al.An evaluation of the bioavailability of selenium in high-selenium yeast[J].J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo).1999,45(1):119-128
[21]蔡辉益译.家禽营养需要[M].美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会修订(第九修订版,1994).北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994.
[22]Ortman K,Pehrson B.Effect of Selenate as a Feed Supplement to Dairy Cows in Comparison to selenite and Selenium Yeast[J].J.Anim.Sci.1999,77(12):3365-3370
[23]Gunter SA,Beck PA and Phillips JM.Effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci.2003,81(4):856-864
[24]Kim YY,Mahan DC.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci.2001,79(4):942-948
[25]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric Scand,1990,40(3):279-287
[26]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition and Biotechnology[M],J.S.Sim,S.Nakai,and W.Guenter,EDs.;CABI Publishing,New York,NY.2000,473-476
[27]Payne RL,Lavergne TK and Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[28]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[29]Mahan DC,Cline TR and Richert B.Effects of Dietary Levels of Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Sodium Selenite as Selenium Sources Fed to Growing-Finishing Pigs on Performance,Tissue Selenium,Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Activity,Carcass Characteristics,and Loin Quality[J].J.Anim.Sci.1999,77(8):2172-2179
[30]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the Efficacy of Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Sodium Selenite on Tissue Selenium Retention and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Grower and Finisher Swine[J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(12):2967-2974
[31]杨鹰,高铭宇,袁莉,等.硒锌互作对肉鸡肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国兽医学报2002,22(2):178-180
[32]Temple NJ.Antioxidants and Disease:More Questions Than Answers[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(3):449-459
[33]Yun-Zhong Fang,Sheng Yang,and Guoyao Wu.Free Radicals,Antioxidants,and Nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879
[34]Burk RF,Hill KE,Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].epatology,1995,21(2):561-569
[1]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferous grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].J Anim Sci.1984,59(3):725-732
[2]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].J Anim Sci.1992,70(12):3934-3940
[3]Zachara BA,Mikolajczak J,Trafikowska U.Effect of various dietary selenium(Se) intakes on tissue Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in lambs[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1993,40(4):310-318
[4]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[5]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[6]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[7]Julius AD,Davies MH,Birt DF.Toxic effects of dietary selenium in the Syrian hamster[J].Ann Nutr Metab,1983,27(4):296-305
[8]Hoffman DJ.Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds(Review)[J].Aquat Toxicol.2002,57(1-2):11-26
[9]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[10]Mahan DC and Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny [J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(11):2711-2718
[11]Yoshida M,Fukunaga K,Tsuchita H,et aL An evaluation of the bioavallability of selenium in high-selenium yeast[J].J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo).1999,45(1):119-128
[12]Ga'miz-Gracia L,Luque de Castro MD.Determination of selenium in nutritional supplements and shampoos by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Talanta.1999,50,875-880
[13]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric.Scand.1990,40,279-287
[14]Echevarria MG,Henry PR,Ammerman CB et al.Effects of time and dietary selenium concentration as sodium selenite on tissue selenium uptake by sheep[J].J.Anim.Sci.1988,66,2299-2305
[15]Tarla FN,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effect of time and sex on tissue selenium oncentrations in chicks fed practical diets supplemented with sodium selenite or calcium selenite[J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res.1991,31,11-20
[16]胡文琴,王恬,孟庆利.动物中活性氧的产生及清除机制[J].家畜生态,2004,25(3):64-57
[17]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[18]Temple NJ.Antioxidants and Disease:More Questions Than Answers[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(3):449-459
[19]Yun-Zhong Fang,Sheng Yang,and Guoyao Wu.Free Radicals,Antioxidants,and Nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879
[20]Burk RF,Hill KE,Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].epatology,1995,21(2):561-569
[1]Corvilain B,Contempre B,Longombe AO.et al.Selenium and the thyroid:how the relationship was established[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1993,57(2 Suppl):244S-248S
[2]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Bock A.et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biological Chemistry,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[3]Brown KM,Arthur JR.Selenium,selenoproteins and human health:a review[J].Public Health Nutrition,2001,4(2B):593-599
[4]Wedekind By KJ,Yu S and Combs GF.The selenium requirement of the puppy[J].J.Anim.Physiol.a.Anim Nutr.2004,88,340-347
[5]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179,588-590
[6]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A.Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concentrations of type Ⅰiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2Suppl):310S-312S
[7]Coehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferons grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].Anim.Sci,1984,59,725-732
[8]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].Anim.Sci,1992,70,3934-3940
[9]Reddy Ambati P,Hsu BL,Sreenivasula Reddy P,et al.Expression of glutathione peroxidase Ⅰ gene in selenium-deficient rats[J].Nucleic Acids Research.1988,16(12):5557-5568
[10]Christensen MJ and Burgener KW.Dietary Selenium Stabilizes Qlutathione Peroxidase mRNA in Rat Liver[J].Biochemical and Molecular Roles of Nutrients,J.Nutr.1992,122:1620-1626
[11]Diane DePalo,William B.Kinlaw,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on type Ⅰ 5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[12]Weiss SL,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.The Selenium Requirement for Glutathione Peroxidase mRNA Level Is Half of the Selenium Requirement for Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Female Rats[y].J.Nutr.1996,126:2260-2267
[13]Mitchell JH,Nicol F,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and liver of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rare[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-67
[14]Bermano G,Nicol F,Dyer JA,et,al.Selenoprotein gene expression.during selenium-repletion of selenium-deficient rats[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.1996,51(3):211-223
[15]Weiss SL,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase mRNA and other selenium-dependent parameters in male rats[J].J.Nutr.Biochem.1997,8:85-91
[16]Sunde RA,Thompson BM,Palm MD,et al.Selenium regulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidasesin animals and transfected CHO cells[y].Biomed Environ Sci.1997,10(2/3):346-355
[17]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135:2144-2150
[18]Hostetler CE,Michal J,Robison M,et al.Effect of selenium intake and fetal age on mRNA levels of two selenoproteins in porcine fetal and maternal liver[J].J Anim Sci.2006,84(9):2382-2390
[19]Bruzelius K,Hoac T,Sondler R,et al.Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue[J].J Dairy Sci.2007 Feb;90(2):918-927
[20]Shontaro Hara,Yasuko Shoji,Atsuko Sakurai,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Cells[J].Biol.Pharm.Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[21]张立国,张琚.实时定量PCR技术的介绍[J].生物技术,2003,13(2):39-40
[22]Ginlietti A,Overbergh L,Valckx D,et al.An overview of real-time quantitative PCR:applications to quantify cytokine gene expression[J].Methods,2001,25(4):386-401
[23]Varga A,James D.Detection and differentiation of Plum pox virus using real-time multiplex PCR with SYBR Careen and melting curve analysis:a rapid method for strain typing[J].J Virol Methods,2005,123:213-220
[24]Monis PT,G-iglio S,Saint CP.Comparison of SYTO9 and SYBR Green Ⅰ for real-time polymerase chain reaction and investigation of the effect of dye concentration on amplification and DNA melting curve analysis[J].Anal Biochem,2005,340:24-34
[25]Halford WP,Falco VC,Gebhardt BM,et al.The inherent quantitative capacity of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction[J].Anal Biochem,1999,266(2):181-191
[26]Provenzano M,Mocellin S.Complementary techniques:validation of gene expression data by quantitative real time PCR[J].Adv Exp Med Biol,2007,593:66-73
[27]Ririe KM,Rasmussen RP.Wittwer CT.Product differentiation by analysis of DNA melting curves during the polymerase chain reaction[J].Anal Biochem,1997,245:154-160
[28]高云霞,关明,苏兵,等.SYBR Green Ⅰ实时定量PCR检测脑胶质瘤中RASSF1A mRNA [J].复旦学报(医学版),2004,31(6):575-578
[29]王燕,闻新棉,窦恒利,等.自身免疫病患者增殖诱导配体基因mRNA表达水平的研究[J].临床检验杂志,2006,24(4):299-301
[30]Livak KJ,Schmittgen TD.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408
[31]Leutenegger CM,Mislin CN,Sigrist B,et al.Quantitative real-time PCR for the measurement of feline cytokine mRNA[J].Vet Immunol Immunpathol,1999,71(3-4):291-305
[32]Mackay IM,Arden KE,Nitsche A.Real-time PCR in virology[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2002,30(6):1292-1305
[33]肖国生,曹三杰,文心田.荧光定量PCR技术及其在动物传染病定量检测中的应用[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(2):13-17
[34]Zhang XZ,Ding LL,Sandford AJ.Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in human neutrophils by real-time PCR[J].BMC Mol Biol,2005,6(1):4
[35]Neuvians TP,Gashaw I,Sauer CG,et al.Standardization strategy for quantitative PCR in human seminoma and normal testis[J].J Biotechnol,2005,117(2):163-171
[36]李建林,俞菊华,唐永凯,等.黄鳝β肌动蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(2):187-191
[37]Hurteau GJ,Spivack SD.mRNA-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from human tissue extracts[J].Anal Biochem,2002,307(2):304-315
[38]Matilde Maiorino,Margherita Scapin,Fulvio Ursini,et al.Distinct Promoters Determine Alternative Transcription of gpx-4 into Phospholipid-Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase Variants[J].The Journal of Binlogical Chemistry,2003,278(36):34286-34290
[39]Matilde Maiorino,Valentina Bosello,Fulvio Ursini,et al.Genetic Variations of gpx-4 and Male Infertility in Humans[J].Biology Reproduction,2003,68,1134-1141
[40]Ryoji Fukuhara,Takashi Kageyama.Structure,gene expression,and evolution of primate glutathione peroxidsses[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part B,2005,141:428-436
[41]Astrid Borchert,Savaskan NE,Hartmut Kuhn.Regulation of Expression of the Phospholipid Hydroperoxide/Sperm Nucleus Glutathione Peroxidase Gene-Tissue-Specific Expression.Pattern and Identification of Functional Cis-and Trans-regulatory Elements[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(4):2571-2580
[42]Baek LJ,Seo DS,Yon JM,et al.Tissue expression and cellular localization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase(PHGPx) mRNA in male mice[J].J Mol Histol,2007,38(3):237-44
[43]Kong BW,Kim H,Foster DN.Cloning and expression analysis of chicken phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase[J].Anim Biotechnol.2003 May;14(1):19-29
[44]Shuntaro HARA,Yasuko SHOJI,Atsuko SAKURAI,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Celis[J].Biol.Pharm.Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[45]Bruzelius K,Hoac T,Sundler R,et al.Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(2):918-927
[46]Sherri WEISS SACHDEV and SUNDE RA.Selenium regulation of transcript abundance and translational efficiency of glutathione peroxidase-1 and -4 in rat liver[J].Biochem.J.2001,357,851-858
[47]Xin Gen Lei,Heather M.Dann,Deborah A.Ross,et al.Dietary Selenium Supplementation Is Required to Support Full Expression of Three Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidases in Various Tissues of Weanling Pigs[J]J.Nutr.1998,128:130-135
[48]Kylie Venardns,Kevin Ashton,John Headrick,et al.Effects of dietary selenium on post-ischemic expression of antioxidant Mma[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2005,270:131-138
[49]Berry MJ,Laila Banu & P,Reed Larsen.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme[J].NATURE,1991,349(31):438-440
[50]Beckett GJ,David A,MACDOUGALL,Fergus NICOL,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱiodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[J].Biochem.J.1989,259,887-892
[51]Arthur JR,Fergus Nicol and Beckett GJ.Hepatic iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and the role of selenium[J].Biochem.J.1990,272,537-540
[52]Beckett GJ,Alison Russell,Fergus Nicol,et al.Effect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ5-iodothyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone levels in the rat[J].Biochem.J.1992,282,483-486
[53]Bates JM,Spate VL,Steven Morris J,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Tissue Selenium Content,Deiodinuse Activity,and Thyroid Hormone Economy in the Rat during Development[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(7):2490-2500
[54]He jianhua,Akira Ohtsuka,and Kunioki Hayashi.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84,727-732
[55]夏枚生,潘金敏,胡彩虹等.纳米硒对肉鸡生长、肝脏脱碘酶活性和血清甲状腺激素的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):24-28
[56]St.Germain DL and Galton VA.The deiodinase family of selenoproteins[J].Thyroid.1997,7:655-668
[57]Van Der Geyten S,Sanders JP,Kaptein E,et al.Expression of chicken hepatic type Ⅰ and type Ⅲiodothyronine deiodinases during embryonic development[J].Endocrinology 1997,138:5144-5152
[58]Mol KA,Van Der Geyten S,Darras VM,et al.Characterization of iodothyronine outer ring and inner ring deiodinase activities in the blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus[J].Endocrinology.1997,138:1787-1793
[59]Sanders JP,Van Der Geyten S,Kaptein E,et al.Characterization of a propylthiouracil-intensitive type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase[J].Endocrinology,1997,138:5153-5160
[60]Maia AL,Berry MJ,Sabbag R,et al.Structural and functional differences in the dio 1 gene in mice with inherited type 1 deiodinase deficiency[J].Mol.Endocrinol.1995,9:969-980
[61]Diane DePalo,Kinlaw WB,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Type Ⅰ5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[62]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135:2144-2150
[63]Mitchell JH,Fergus Nicol,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and fiver of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rots[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-267
[64]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[1]Rotruck Jr,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179,588-590
[2]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferons grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].Anim Sci,1984,59,725-732
[3]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].Anim.Sci,1992,70,3934-3940
[4]Qingzhi Wu,Kaixun Huang,Huibi Xu.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductasc activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,2003,94,301-306
[5]Peter Brenneisen,Holger Steinbrenner,Helmut Sies.Selenium,oxidative stress,and health aspects [J].Molecular Aspects of Medicine,2005,26,256-267
[6]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Vet.Med.A,1990,37,708-720
[7]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-994
[8]Whitacre ME,Combs GF,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].Nutr,1987.117,460-467
[9]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B.2002,131,815-823
[10]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.Tho selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency [J].Ponlt SCi,1977,56(6):1876-1881
[11]Cantor AH,and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[12]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in thediet[J].Acta Agric Stand.1990,40(3),279-287
[13]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(12),1900-1910
[14]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[15]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[16]Avanzoa JL,de Mendonc CX Jr,Piccoli Puginea SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidatiw stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129,163-173
[17]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[18]Mahmond KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136,921-934
[19]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[20 陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加有机硒对鸡蛋硒、VE含量和哈氏单位的影响[J],动物营养学报, 2003,16:32
[21]美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会.家禽营养需要[M].第九修订版.蔡辉益,译.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994
[22]G(u|¨)l M,Y(o|¨)r(u|¨)k MA,Hayirli A,et al.Effects of additives on laying performance and egg quality of hens fed a high level of common vetch seed(vicia sativa) during the peak period[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2005,14(2):217-225
[23]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2R subunit and internationalization of interleukin 2[J].Bio Trace Elem Res.1994,41(1/2):103
[24]Hegazy SM,Adachi Y.Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium,zinc,and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and aflatoxin or Salmonella[J].Poult Sci.2000,79(3):331-335
[25]Thompson HJ,Meeker LD,Kokoska S.Effect of an inorganic and organic form of dietary selenium on the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat[J].Cancer Res.1984,44(7):2803-2806
[26]Oh SH,Park KK,Kim SY,Lee KJ,Lee YH.Evaluation of chemopreventive effect of dietary selenium-rich egg on mouse skin tumor induced by 2'-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxirane and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate[J].Carcinogenesis.1995,16(12):2995-2998
[27]Maurice DV,Jensen L.S.Reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction[J].Poult Sci.1979,58(6):1548-1556
[28]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].Br Poult Sci.2000,41(2):235-243.
[29]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium restores age-related decline in immune cell function[J].PSEBM.1995,209:369
[30]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia.2004,157:99-109
[31]Nolan TD and Brown D.The influence of elevated dietary zinc,selenium,and their combination on the suppressive effect of dietary and intraperitoneal cadmium on egg production in laying hens[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A.2000,60(8):549-565
[32]Xiao P.Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci.2002,15(1):67-74
[33]Xiao Rong HU,Hui LI,Yong Xiang ZHANG.The chemical speciation and behavior of mercury and selenium in the insoluble fraction of striped dolphin liver[J].Chinese Chemical Letters. 2004,15(3):326-329
[34]欧阳爱国,颜玄洲,刘燕德等.不同储藏期的鸡蛋品质检测试验研究[J].农机化研究,2005,1,207-208
[35]刘燕德,乔振先.鸡蛋新鲜度与储存条件的相关性性分析[J].江西农业大学学报2002,24(1):48-51
[36]Wakebe M.Feed for chicken and for hen.Japanese Patent Office,Patent number JP10023864A2.Jan 27,1998
[37]Arnold RL,Olson OE and Carlson CW.Dietary selenium and arsenic additions and their effects on tissue and egg selenium[J].Poult.Sci.1973,52:847-854
[38]Patton ND.Organic selenium in the nutrition of laying hens:Effects on egg selenium content,egg quality and transfer to developing chick embryos.Ph.D.Digs.,Univ.Kentucky,Lexington,KY.2000.
[39]臧素敏,孙继国.蛋鸡笼养高产新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,pp83-87
[40]Ort JF and Latshaw JD.The toxic level of sodium selenite in the diet of laying chickens[J].J.Nutr.1978,108:1114-1120
[41]Cantor AH,Nash DM and Johnson TH.Toxicity of selenium in drinking water of poultry[J].Nutr.Rep.Int.1984,29:683-688
[42]呙于明,袁见敏.产蛋种鸡日粮中不同水平VE与有机硒和无机硒的效果研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,1998,34(5):10-12
[1]Danielle RE,David ES.Plants,selenium and human health[J].Curt.Opin.Plant Biol,2003,6,273-279
[2]Zheng DX,Li RB,Wang WY.A preliminary exposition on low-selenium zone in the world[J].Acta Sci.Cireumstantia(China),1982,3,241-250
[3]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctaluras punctatus)[J].Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[4]FDA.FDA approves food additive petition for selenium yeast.FDA Veterinarian Newsletter;U.S.Food and Drug Administration:Washington,DC,2000,pp10
[5]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content[J].Egg Nutrition Biotechnology;Sim,J.S.,Nakai,S.,Guenter,W.,Eds.;CABI Publishing:New York,NY,2000,pp 473-476
[6]Paton ND,Cantor AH,Pescatore AJ,et al.The effect of dietary selenium source and level on the uptake of selenium by developing chick embryos[J].Poult.Sci,2002,81,1548-1554
[7]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of hying hens on egg selenium content[J].Poult.Sci,2005,84,1900-1910
[8]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of inorganic versus organic selenium on hen production and egg selenium concentration[J].Poult.SCi,2005,84,232-237
[9]National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry,9th revised ed.;National Academy Press:Washington,DC,1994.
[10]Ga'miT-Cracia L,Luque de Castro MD.Determination of selenium in nutritional supplements and shampoos by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Talanta,1999,50,875-880
[11]Cantor AH,Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[12]Latshaw JD,Osman M.Distribution of selenium in egg white and yolk after feeding natural and synthetic compounds[J].Poult Sci,1975,54,1244-1252
[13]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric.Scand,1990,40,279-287
[14]Athanasios CP,Filiz K,Peter FS,et al.The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny[J].Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,Part B:Biochem.MoL Biol.2005,142,465-474
[15]Echevarria MG,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effects of time and dietary selenium concentration as sodium selenite on tissue selenium uptake by sheep[J].L Anim.Sci,1988,66,2299-2305
[16]Ortman K,Pehrson B.Effect of selenate as a feed supplement to dairy cows in comparison to selenite and selenium Yeast[J].J.Anim.Sci,1999,77,3365-3370
[17]Gunter SA,Beck PA,Phillips JM.Effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci,2003,81,856-864
[18]Kim YY,Mahan DC.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci,2001,79,942-948
[19]Pehrson B,Ortman K,Madjid N.The influence of dietary selenium as selenium yeast or sodium selenite on the concentration of selenium in the milk of Suckler cows and on the selenium status of their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci,1999,77,3371-3376
[20]Van Ryssen JBJ,Deagen JT,Beilstein MA,et al.Comparative metabolism of organic and inorganic selenium by sheep[J].J.Agric.Food.Chem,1989,37,1358-1363
[21]Mahan DC.Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrums and milk selenium content[J].J.Anim.Sci,2000,78,100-105
[22]Knowles SO,Grace ND,Wurms K,et al.Sienificance of amount and form of dietary selenium on blood,milk and casein selenium concentrations in grazing cows[J].J.Dairy Sci,1999,82,429-437
[23]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the efficacy of seleniumenriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine[J].J.Anim.Sci,1996,74,2967-2974
[24]Aspila P.Metabolism of selenite,selenomethionine and feedincorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy cows[J].J.Agric.Sci.Fin,1991,63,1-74
[25]Tarla FN,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effect of time and sex on tissue selenium concentrations in chicks fed practical diets supplemented with sodium selenite or calcium selenite [J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res,1991,31,11-20
[26]Mahan DC,Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny[J].J.Anim.Sci,1996,74,2711-2718
[1]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2R subunit and internationalization of interleukin 2[J].Bio Trace Elem Res,1994,41(1/2):103
[2]Kiremidjian SL,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-actived killer cells[J].Bio Trace Elem Res,1996,52(3):227-239
[3]Hegazy SM,Adachi Y.Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium,zinc,and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and aflatoxin or Salmonella[J].Poult Sci,2000,79(3):331-335
[4]Jianhua H,Ohtsuka A,Hayashi K.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].Br J Nutr,2000,84(5):727-732
[5]Choct M,Naylor A J,Reinke N.Selenium supplementation affects broiler growth performance,meat yield and feather coverage[J].Br Poult Sci,2004,45(5):677-683
[6]Payne RL,Southern LL.Comparison of inorganic and organic selenium sources for broilers[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(6):898-902
[7]Thompson HJ,Meeker LD,Kokoska S.Effect of an inorganic and organic form of dietary selenium on the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat[J].Cancer Res,1984,44(7):2803-2806
[8]Oh SH,Park KK,Kim SY,et al.Evaluation of chemepreventive effect of dietary selenium-rich egg on mouse skin tumor induced by 2'-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxirane and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate[J].Carcinogenesis,1995,16(12):2995-2998
[9]Hoekstra WG.Biochemical function of selenium and its relation to vitamin E[J].Fed Proc,1975,34,2083-2089
[10]Maurice DV,Jensen LS.Reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction[J].Poult Sci,1979,58(6):1548-1556
[11]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].Br Poult Sci,2000,41(2):235-243
[12]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[13]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related andmild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136:921-934
[14]Sahin N,Sahin K,Onderci M.Vitamin E and selenium supplementation to alleviate cold-stress-associated deterioration in egg quality and egg yolk mineral concentrations of Japanese quails[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2003,96(1/3):179-189
[15]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium restores age-related decline in immune cell function[J].PSEBM,1995,209:369
[16]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia,2004,157:99-109
[17]Katakura M,Sugawara N.Preventive effect of selenium against the testicular injury by cadmium[J].Nippon Eiseigeku Zasshi,1999,54(2):481
[18]Nolan TD,Brown D.The influence of elevated dietary zinc,selenium,and their combination on the suppressive effect of dietary and intraperitoneal cadmium on egg production in laying hens[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2000,60(8):549-565
[19]Xiao P.Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2002,15(1):67-74
[20]Xiao Rong HU,Hui LI,Yong Xiang ZHANG.Tbe chemical speciation and behavior of mercury and selenium in the insoluble fraction of striped dolphin liver[J].Chinese Cbemical Letters,2004,15(3):326-329
[21]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[22]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet.Acta Agric Scand.1990,40(3):279-287
[23]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,and Yoon.I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of hying hens on egg selenium content.Poult Sci.2005,84(12):1900-1910
[24]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[25]李慎涛等译.精编蛋白质科学实验指南[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2007,pp69-89
[26]Pan CL,Huang KH,Zhao YX,et al.Effect of selenium source and level in hen's diet on tissue selenium deposition and egg selenium concentrations[J].J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:1027-1032
[27]Paton ND,Cantor AH,Pescatore AJ,et al.The effect of dietary selenium source and level on the uptake of selenium by developing chick embryos.Poult Sci,2002,81,1548-1554
[28]Athanasios CP,Filiz K,Peter F,et al.The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny.Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,Part B:Biocbem.Mol.Biol.2005,142,465-474
[29]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.In Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition Biotechnology;Sim JS,Nakai S,Guenter W,Eds;CABI Publishing:New York,NY,2000,pp 473-476
[30]Sirichakwal PP,Newcomer CE,Young VR,et al.Labeling hen's egg with 74Se for use in human metabolic experiments[J].J Nutr,1984,114(6):1159-1168
[31]National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry,9th revised eeL;National Academy Press:Washington,DC,1994.
[32]Latshaw JD,Osman M.Distribution of selenium in egg white and yolk afar feeding natural and synthetic compounds[J].Poult Sci,1975,54,1244-1252
[2]Spallholz JE,Hoffman DJ.Selenium toxicity:,cause and effects in aquatic birds[J].Aquatic Toxicology.2002,57,27-37
[3]Schwarz K,Foltz.CM.Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against necrotic liver degeneration[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.1957,79,3292-3293
[4]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Swanson AB,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science.1973,179,588-590
[5]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990,127-130
[6]Levesque M.Some aspects of selenium relationships in Eastern Canadian soils and plants[J].Can.J.Soil Sri,1974,54:117-125
[7]Johnsson L,Akesson B,Alexander J.Availability of selenium from soils in relation to human nutritional requirements in Sweden-is there a need for supplementation[J].Swedish Environmental Protein Agency,Stockholm,Sweden.1997
[8]Oison OE,Palmer IS.Selenium in foods purchased or produced in South Dakota[J].J Food Sci,1984,49:446-452
[9]Kumpulainen.J.Selenium in foods and diets of selected countries[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis,1993,7:107-108
[10]Sanz AM,Kiaz RC.Selenium in human lactation[J].Nutr Rev,1995,53:159-166
[11]Finley JW.Selenium accumulation in plant foods[J].Nutr Rev.2005,63:196-202
[12]侯少范,王五一.我国土壤中结合态硒的含量和分布规律[J].地理研究,1990,9:17-18
[13]易秀.生态环境中的硒及其地方病.西安.工程学院学报.2000,22(4):69-72
[14]中国科学院地理研究所化学地理研究室环境与地方病组.我国克山病病带与非病带发硒分布的地理规律[J].地理学报,1982,37(2):136-143
[15]唐文红.畜禽硒缺乏的防制研究:Ⅰ江苏省自然条件下畜禽机体硒营养状态的调查[D].南京农业大学,1994
[16]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Bock A,et al.Selenium in biology:,facts and medical perspective[J].Bio Chem,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[17]徐辉碧主编..硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994
[18]马玉龙,马成礼.微量元素硒的研究进展[J].饲料博览,1999,11(11):12-13
[19]Stanchev H.Intestinal absorption of ~(75)Se from sodium selenite and L-selenomethionine in growing poultry.Trace element metabolism in man and animals.1978,3:144
[20]Humaloja T.Mykkanen HM.Intestinal absorption of ~(75)Se-labeled sodium selenite and selenomethionine in chicks:Effects of time,selenium concentration and method of measurement[J].J Nutr,1986,116:142-148
[21]Rachib MH,Chan W-Y,Rennert OM.Comparative studies of selenium-~(75)(selenite and selenomethionine) absorption from various milk diets in suckling rats[J].J.Nutr.1986,116:1456-1463
[22]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A,Schield S,et al.Effects of chemical form and dosage on the incorporation of selenium into tissue proteins in rats[J].J Nutr,1991,121:806-814
[23]朱莲珍译.人和动物微量元素营养[M],青岛:青岛出版社,1994
[24]Arduser F,wolffram S,Scharrer E.Active absorption of selenate by rat ileum[j].J Nutr,1985,115:1203-1208
[25]Wolffram S,Anliker E,Scharrer E.Uptake of selenate and selenite by isolated brush border membrane vesicles from pig,sheep and rat intestine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1986,10:293-306
[26]Arduser F,Wolffram S,Scharrer E,et al.Transport of selenate and selenite across the brush border membrane of rat and sheep small intestine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1986,(9):281-290
[27]McConnell KP,Cho GJ.Active transport of L-selenomethionine in the intestine[J].Am J Physiol,1967,213:150-156
[28]Cousins FB,Cairney IM.Some aspects of selenium metabolism in sheep[J].Aust J Agric Res,1961,12:927-943
[29]赵晶,康世良,李艳华.硒在动物体内的药物代谢动力学[J].中国兽医杂志,2000.26(9):44-46
[30]Gerhard N Schrauzer:Selenomethionine:A review of its nutritional significance,metabolism and toxicity[J].J Nutr,2000,130:1653-1656
[31]Janghorbani M,Lynch NE,Mooers CS,et al.Comparison of the magnitude of the selenite exchangeable metabolic pool and whole body endogenous selenium in adult rats[J].J Nutr,1990,120:190-199
[32]Janghorbani M,Mooers CS,Ting BTG,et al.Effect of acute selenium restriction on whole body endogenous selenium and the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool in the adult rat[J].J Nutr Biochem,1990,1:103-106
[33]Whanger P,Xia V and Thompson C.Metabolism of different forms of selenium in humans[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis.1993,7:21
[34]Kajander EO,Harvima RJ,Eloranta TO,et al.Metabolism,cellular actions and cytotoxicity of selenomethionine in cultured cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1991,28:57-68
[35]Sunde RA.Molecular biology of selenoproteins[J].Annu Rev Nutr,1990,10:451-474
[36]Burk RF.Molecular biology of selenium with implications for its metabolism[J].FASEB J,1990,5:2274-2279
[37]Berry J,Harney JW,Low SC.Cloning and expression of the human selenium donor Protein,the homolog of prokaryotic SELD[J].FASEB J,1995,9:284-286
[38]Bopp BA,Sonders RC,Kesterson JW.Metabolic fate of selected selenium compounds in laboratory animals and man[J].Drug Metab Rev,1982,13:271-318
[39]Patterson B,Levander O,Helzsouer K,et al.Human selenite metabolism,A kinetic model[J].Am J Physiol,1989,257:556-567
[40]Swanson CA,Patterson BH,Levander OA,et al.Human(~(74)Se) selenomethionine metabolism:a kinetic madel[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1991.54:917-926
[41]关玉群.硒与人体健康[J].现代预防医学,2003,30(5):700-702
[42]孙忠军.亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内代谢动力学及其抗氧化功能动态变化规律的研究[D].吉林:东北农业大学,1997
[43]郭荣富,张曦,陈克嶙.微量元素硒代谢及硒蛋白基因表达调近控最新研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000.17(1):61-64
[44]赵晶,康世良,李艳华.硒在动物体内的药物代谢动力学[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,26(9):33-35
[45]Margaret PR.The importance of selenium to human health(review)[J].The Lancet,2000,356(9225);233-241
[46]Macpherson A.selenium,vitamin E and biological oxidation.Proc.28th Feed Manufact[J].Conf.,Univ.Nottingham,U.K;1994,3-30
[47]Arthur JR.,Beckett GJ.New metabolic roles for selenium[J].Proc Nutr Soc,1994,53:615-624
[48]Wingler K,Bocher M,Flohe L,et al.mRAN stability and selenocysteine insertion sequence efficiency rank gastrointestinal glutathioneperoxidase high in the hierarchy of selenoproteins [J].Eur JBiochem,1999,259:149-157
[49]Chu F-F,Doroshow JH,Esworthy RS.Expression,characterization;and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase GSHPx-GI[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:2571-2576
[50]Tham DM,Whitin JC,Kim KK,et al.Expression of extracellular glutathione peroxidase in human and mouse gastrointestinal trace[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest,1998,38:G1463-G1471
[51]Maser RL,Magenheimer BS,Calvet JP Mouse plasma glutathione peroxidase:cDNA sequence analysis and renal proximal tubular expression and secretion[J].J Biol Chem,1994,269:7066-7073
[52]Yamamoto Y,Takahashi K.Glutathione peroxidase isolated from plasma reduces phospholipid hydroperoxides[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,1993,305:541-545
[53]Sunde RA.Selenium.In:Handbook of nutritionally essential mineral elements(ads.B.L.O'dell&:R.A.Sunde)[M],Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1997,493-556
[54]Brigelium-Flohe R,Aumann K-D,Blocker H,et al.Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase:genomic DNA,cDNA,and deduced amino acid sequence[J].J Biol Chew,1994,269:7342-7348
[55]Morno SG,Laux G,Brielmeier M,et al.Testis-specific of the nuclear form of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase(PHGPx)[J]Biol Chem,2003,384(4):635-643.
[56]Roveri A,Maiorino M,Nisii C,et al.Purification and characterization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from rat testis mitochondrial membranes[J].Bio chin Biophys Acta,1994,1208:211-221
[57]Weitzel F,Ursini F,Wendel A.Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in various mouse organs during selenium deficiency and repletion[J].Biochim Biophys Acts,1990,1036:88-94
[58]Ursini F,Maiorino M and Gregolin C.The selenoenzyme phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1985,839:62-70
[59]St Germain DL,Galton VA.The deiodinase family of selenoproteins[J].Thyroid,1997,7:655-668
[60]Beckett GJ,Macdougall DA and Nicol F,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ1 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[J].Biochem.J.1989,259:887-892
[61]Josef KoEhrle.The Selenoenzyme Family of Deiodinase Isozymes Controls Local Thyroid Hormone Availability[J].Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders,2000,1:49-58
[62]Josef KoEhrle.The deiodinase family:selenoenzymes regulating thyroid hormone availability and action[J].CMLS,Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2000,57:1853-1863
[63]Davey JC,Schneider MJ and Becker KB,et al.Cloning of a 5.8 kB cDNA for a mouse type 2deiodinase[J].Endocrinology.1999;140:1022-1025
[64]Gereben B,Bartha T and Tu HM,et al.Cloning and expression of the chicken type 2iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase[J].J Biol Chem 1999;274:13768-13776
[65]Safran M,Farwell AP,Leonard JL.Catalytic activity of type Ⅱ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase polypeptide is dependent upon a cyclic AMP activation factor[J].J Biol Chem 1996,271:16363-16368
[66]Leonard JL,Leonard DM and Safran M,et al.The mammalian homolog of the frog type Ⅱselenodeiodinase does not encode a functional enzyme in the rat[J].Endocrinology,1999,140:2206-2215
[67 Leonard DM,Stacheleck SJ.Cloning,expression,and functional characterization of the substrate binding subunit of rat type Ⅱ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase[J].J.Biol.Chem.2000,275:25194-201
[68]Mortimer RH,Galligan JP and Cannell GR,et al.Maternal to fetal thyroxine transmission in the human term placenta is limited by inner ring deiodination[J].J.Clin.EndocrinoL Metab.1996,81:2247-49
[69]Tamura T,Stadtman TC.A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells:Purification,Prperties,and thioredoxin reductase activity[J].Proc.Natl.Acd.Sci,1996,93:1006-1011.
[71]Dan Su,Novoselov SV,Qi-An Sun,et al.Mammalian Selenoprotein Thioredoxin-glutathione Reductese[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2005,280(28):26491-26498
[70]Tapiero H,Townsead DM,Tew KD.The antioxidant role of selenium and selenocompounds [J].Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy,2003,57(3):134-144
[72]Rozell B,Haasaon HA and Luthman M,et al.Immunohistochemical localization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductese in adult rats[J].Eur J Cell Biol,1985,38:79-86
[73]Lee SR,Kim JR and Kwon KS,et al.Molecular cloning and characterization of a mitochondrial selenocysteine-containing thioredoxin reductase from rat liver[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274:4722-4734
[74]Arner E S,Holmgren A.Physiological function of thioredoxin and thionredoxin reductase[J].Eur J Biochem,2000,267:6102-6109.
[75]Lewin MH,Hume R,Howie AF,et al.Thioredoxin reductase and cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase activity in human foetal and nenotal liver[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2001, 1526:237-241.
[76]May JM,Mendiratta S.Reduced of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate by the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase[J].J.Biol.Chem.,1997,272:22607-22610
[77]Qingzhi Wu,Kaixun Huang,Huibi Xu.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,2003,94,301-306
[78]Schutze N,Fritsche J,Ebert DR,et al.The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is expressed in peripheral blood monocytesaad THP human myeloid leukemia cells-regulation by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D_3 and selenite[J].Biofactors,1999,10:329-338
[79]Sahaf B,Soderberg A and Spyrou G,et al.Thioredoxin experession and localization in human cell lines:detection of full-length and truncated species[J].Exp Cell Res,1997,236:181-192
[80]Lacourciere G.M.,Biosynthesis of selenophosphate[J].Biofictor,1999,10(2/3):237-244
[81]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe and Bock A,et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biol Chem,2000,381(9/10):549-504
[82]Xue-Ming XU,CARLSON BA,Robert IRONS,et al.Selenophosphate synthetase 2 is essential for selenoprotein biosynthesis[J].Biochem.J.2007,404:115-120
[83]Tamura T,Yamamoto S,Takahata M,et al.Selenophosphate synthetase genes from lung adenocarcmoma cells:Spsl for recycling L-selenocysteine and Sps2 for selenite assimilation[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2004,101:16162-16167
[84]Xu XM,Carlson BA,Mix H,et al.Biosynthesis of selenocysteine on its tRNA in eukaryotes[J].PloS Biol.2007,5:96-105
[85]Small-Howard A,Morozova N,Stoytcheva Z,et al.Supramolecular complexes mediate selenocysteine incorporation in vivo[J].Mol.Cell Biol.2006,26:2337-2346
[86]Hill K E,Buke R F.Selenoprotein P:recent studies in rats and humans[J].Biomed Environ-Sci,1997,10(223):198-208
[87]Pessson M,,Moschos.Selenoprotein P[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000,57:1836-1845
[88]Hill KE,Lloyd RS,Yang J-q,et al.The cDNA for rat selenoprotein P contains 10 TGA codons in the open reading frame[J].J.Biol.Chem.1991,266:10050-10053
[89]Burk RF,Hill KE.Selenoprotein P:a selenium-rich extracellular glycoprotein[J].J Nutr,1994,124:1891-1897
[90]Saijoh K.Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a bovine selenoprotein P-like protein containing 12 selenocysteines and a(His-Pro) rich domain insertion,and its regional expression[J].Brain Res.Mol.Brain Res.1995,30:301-311
[91]Hill KE,Xia Y and Akesson B,et al.Selenoprotein P concentration in plasma as an index of selenium status in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented Chinese subjects[J].J Nutr.,1996,126:138-145
[92]Read R,Bellew T,Yang JG,et al.Selenium and amino acid composition of selenoprotein P,the major selenoprotein in rat serum[J].J Biol Chem,1990,265:17899-17905
[93]Mortimer RH,Galligan JP and Cannell GR,et al.Maternal to fetal thyroxine transmission in the human term placenta is limited by inner ring deiodination[J].J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1996,81:2247-2249
[94]Burk RF,Hill KE and Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced fiver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P Hepatology.1995,21:561-569
[95]Arteel GE.Protection by selenoprotein P in human plasma against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and nitration[J].Biol.Chem.1998,379:.1201-1205
[96]房青.硒蛋白P的研究进展[J].国外医学分子生物学分册,2002,25(1):123
[97]Y Bao,P Jemth,B Mannervik,et al.Redution of thymine hydroperoxidase by phospholipids hydroperoxide giutathione peroxidaseand glutathione transferase[J].FEBS Lett,1997,410:210-212
[98]vendeland SC,Beilstein MA,Chen CL,et al.Purification and Properties of selenoprotein-W from rat muscle[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:17103-17107
[99]Vendeland SC,Beilstein MA and Whanger PD.Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W:cDNA clone and mRNA modulation by dietary selenium[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S:A.1995,92:8749-8753
[100]Yeh JY,vendeland.SC,Gu QP,et al.Dietary selenium increases selenoprotein W levels in rat tissues[J].J Nutr,1997,127:2165-2172
[101]Gu QP,Beilstein MA,Barofsky E,et al.Purification,characterization,and glutathione binding to selenoprotein W from monkey muscle[J].Areh Biochem Biophys,1999,361:25-33
[102]Sun Y,Gu G-P.Antioxidant function of selenoprotein using overexpressed and underexpressed cultured rat gial cells[J].FASEB J.1998,12:A824
[103]Pedersen ND,Whanger PD,Weswig PH,et al.Selenium binding Proteins in tissues of normal and selenium responsive myopathic lambs[J].Bioinorg Chem,1972,2:33-45
[104]Daewon Jeong,Tae Soo Kim,Ick Young Kim.Selenoprotein W is a giutathione dependment antioxidant in vivo[J].FEBS Letters,2002,517(123):225-228
[105]Macpherson A.selenium,vitamin E and biological oxidation.Proc.28th Feed Manufact[J].Conf.,Univ.Nottingham,U.K,1994,3-30
[106]Arner ES,Holmgren A.Physiological function of thioredoxinand thionredoxin reductase[J].Eur J Biochem,2000,267:6102-6109
[107]Burk RF,Hill KE and Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced fiver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].Hepatology,1995,21:561-569
[108]Arteel GE.Protection by selenoprotein P in human plasma against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and nitration[J].Biol.Chem.1998,379:1201-1205
[109]Gladyshev VN,Hatfield.Review:.selenocysteine-containing proteins in mammals[J].J Biomed Sci,1999,6:151-160
[110]Tapiero H,Townsend DM and Tew KD.The antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds[J].Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy,2003,57:134-144
[111]Carvalho Cristina ML,Eng-Hui Chew and Seyed Isaac Hashemy,et al.Inhibition of human thioredoxin system:A molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2008,3:1-31
[112]Chang WP,Hom JS,Dietert RR,Combs GF,Marsh JA.Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency on chicken splenocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression[J].Immunopharmaeol Immunotoxicol.1994,16(2):203-223
[113]Finch JM,Turner RJ.Effects of selenium and vitamin E on the immune responses of domestic animals.Res Vet Sci 1996;60:97-106
[114]Margaet PR.The importance of selenium to human health(review)[J].Lancet,2000,356:233-241
[115]仝宗喜,康世良,武瑞.硒缺乏雏鸡细胞因子水平变化的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(6),731-735
[116]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI.Selenium and immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.1990,193(2):136-142
[117]Peretz A,Neve J,Desmedt J,et al.Lymphocyte response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1991,53:1323-1328
[118]Roy M,Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Wishe H,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2receptor expression[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1994,41:103-114
[119]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.Ⅱ.Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,1994,4.1:115-127
[120]McKenzie RC,Rafferty TS,Beckett GJ.Selenium:an essential element for immune function[J].Immunol Today,1998,19:342-345
[121]黄克和,陈万芳.硒对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化和自然杀伤细胞活力的影响.南京农业大学报,1999,22(2):76-79
[122]Biswas A,Mohan J,Sastry KV.Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail[J].Br Poult Sci,2006,47(4):511-515
[123]Wuryastuti H,Stowe HD,Bull RW,et al.Effects of Vitamin E and selenium on immune responses of peripheral blood,colostrum and milk leukocytes of sows[J].J Anim Sci,1993,71(9):2464-2472
[124]Ndiweni N,Finch JM.Effects of in vitro supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and selenium on bovine neutrophil functions:implications for resistance to mastitis[J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,1996,51(1-2):67-78
[125]秦顺义,黄克和,高建忠.富硒益生菌对小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响[J].营养学报,2006,28(5):423-426
[126]孙恩杰,徐辉碧,刘琼等.硒化合物的免疫增强作用研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1996,8(6):5-8
[127]Caroline S Broome,Francis McArdle,Janet AM Kyle,et al.An increase in selenium intake improves immune function and poliovirus handling in adults with marginal selenium status l-3[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2004,80,154-162
[128]程道胜,卢贤瑜.硒对细胞免疫功能影响的研究进展[J].国外医学临床生化与检验学分册,1999,20(4):177-179
[129]Kiremidjian-Schumacher L,Roy M,Wishe HI,Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.1996,52(3):227-239
[130]黄克和,陈万芳等.硒对雏鸡生长、体液免疫和抗自然感染能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1990,13(4):98-102
[131]李光辉.有机硒化合物Cn-1对仔猪免疫系统的影响[J].动物医学进展,1999,20(2):62-63
[132]Rock MJ,Kincaid RL,Carstens GE.Effects of prenatal source and level of dietary selenium on passive immunity and thermometabolism of newborn lambs[J].Small Ruminant Res,2001,40(2):129-138
[133]Pauousis N,Roubies N,Karatzias H,et al.Effect of selenium and vitamin E on antibody production by dairy cows vaccinated against Escherichia coli[J].Vet Res,2001,149(21):643-646
[134]张华,黄克和.薛家宾,等.不同硒源对兔体液免疫及抗氧化能力影响的研究[J].营养学报,2006,28(3):209-212
[135]Mee JFO,frrell KJ,Rogers PAM.Effects of parental iodime and selenoium supplement on calving performance in trace element deficient herds.Inproceddings 18th World Buiatrics Congress:26th congress of the Itanlian Association of Buinatrics,Biogna,Italy.1994,Volume 1
[136]刘来利,董碧兰,王必成.不同硒营养状态下鸡体内甲状腺激素的变化[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2000,3:15-18
[137]Osamu E.The insuin-like effects of selenate in rat adipocytes[J].J biol Chem,1990,265:1124-1128
[138]Becket DJ,Reul B,Ozcelikay AT,et al.Oral selenate improves glucose homeostasis and partly reverses abnormal expression of liver glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in diabetic rats[J].Diabetologia,1996,39(1):3-11
[139]Ozdemir S,Ayaz M,Can B,et al.Effect of selenite treatment on ultrastructural changes in experimental diabetic rat bones[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2005,107(2):167-179
[140]李青旺,耿果霞,王建辰.锌硒对绵羊睾丸发育及初情期体重的影响[J].家畜生态,1998,19(1):19-22
[141]Marin-guzman J,Mahan DC,Chung YK,et al.Effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on boar performance and tissue responses,semen quality and subsequent fertilization rates in mature gifts[J].J Anim Sci,1997,75:2994-3003
[142]埃利诺,麦卡尼.有机硒对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(11):114-115
[143]Ulusu N,Acan N,Turan B.Inhibition of glutathione reductase by cadmium ion in some rabbit tissues and the protective role of dietary selenium[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.2003,91(2):151-156.
[144]胡国刚,刘绣,刘军.亚硒酸钠与硒代蛋氨酸对砷诱导人外周血淋巴细胞遗传毒性保护作用比较[J].中华预防医学杂志,1996,30(1):26-29
[145]Nielsen JB,Andersen O.A comparison of the effects of sodium selenite and seleno-L-methionine on disposition of orally administered mearcuric chloride[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1991,5(4):245-250
[146]杨克敌,陈军,王桂珍等.不同浓度硒拮抗氟致脂质过氧化和微量元素影响的研究[J].卫生研究,1998,27(3):201-204
[147]Abd-El-Aziz MI,El-Begawy M,Kamel FM,et al.Trials of modulating the toxicity of aflatoxin[J].Egypion J Comp Path Clin Path,1994,7:453-468
[148]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia,2004,157,99-109
[149]Arthur JR.The glutathione peroxidase[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2000,57,1825-1835
[150]Croteau W,Davey JC,Galton VA,et al.Cloning of the mammalian type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase[J].J Clin Invest,1996,98:405-417
[151]Kvicala J.Selenium and organism[J].Cas Lek Cesk,1999,138(4):99-106
[152]Shen QJ.Sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the human cellular glutathione peroxidase gene are necessary and sufficient for selenocysteine incorporation at the UGA codon[J].Biol.Chem.1993,268,11463-11469
[153]Hubert N,Walczak R,Carbon P,et al.A protein binds the selenocysteine insertion element in the 3'-UTR of mammalian selenoprotein mRNAa[J].Nucleic Acids Research,1996,24(3):464-469
[154]Berry MJ,Banu L,Chen Y,et al.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme[J].Nature,1991,353(6341):273-276
[155]Berry MJ,Banu L,Larsen PR,et al.Functional characterization of the eukaryotic SECIS elements which direct selenocysteine insertion at UGA codons[J].EMBO J.1993,12(8):3315-3322
[156]Kollmus H,Flohe L,McCarthy JEG.Analysis of eukaryotic mRNA structures directing co-translational incorporation of selenocystein[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1996,24,1195-1201
[157]Lee BJ,Rajagopalan M,Kim YS,et al.Selenoprotein tRNA~[Ser]Sec) gene is ubioquitous within the Animal Kindom[J].Mol.Cell Biol,1990,10,1940-1949
[158]Tormay P,Bock A.Barriers to heterologous expression of a selenoprotein gene in bacteria [J].Journal of Bacteriology,1997,179(3):576-582
[159]Burk FR,Hill KE.Regulation of selenoproteins[J].Ann.Rev.Nutr.1993,13,65-81
[160]Bermano G,Nicol F,Dyer J,et al.Tissue specific regulation of selenoeazyme gene expression during selenium deficiency in rats[J].Biochem.J.1995,311,425-430
[161]Xin GL,Evenson JK,Sunde RA,et al.Glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase are differentially regulated in rats by dietary selenium [J].J.Nutr,1995,125,1438-1446
[162]Kevin B,Hadley,Roger A,et al.Selenium regulation of thioredoxin reductase activity and mRNA levels in rat liver[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2001,12:693-702
[163]Bermano G.Selective control of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA stability by selenium supply[J].FEBS L.1996(a),387,157-160
[164]Bermano G.Role of the 3' untranslated region in the regulation of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene expression by selenium supply[J].Biochem.J.1996(b),320,891-895
[165]Xin GL.,Deborah AR,Karl RR.ComParison of age-related differences in expression of phospholipid hydroparoxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA and activity in various tissues of pigs[J].Comp.Biochem.Physiol,199.7,117(1):109-114
[166]Shuntaro HARA,Yasnko SHOJI,Atsoko SAKLTRAI,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Cells.Biol.Fharm Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[167]Christensen MY.Dietary selenium stanbilizes glutethione peroxidase messager RNA in rat lives[J]J Nutr,1992,122,1620-1626
[168]Burk RF,Hill KE.Selenoprotein P,A selenium-rich extracellular glycoprotein[J].J Nutr,1994,124,1891-1897
[169]Diane DePalo,Kinlaw WB,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Type I 5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[170]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135,2144-2150
[171]Mitchell JH,Nicol F,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and lives of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rats[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-67
[1]林藩平.硒营养研究的最新进展[J].福建畜牧兽医,2002,24(2)45-51
[2]游金明等.微景元素硒营养的研究与应用.中国饲料.2002,8,13
[3]Hemingway RG.The influences of intakes and supplemention with selenium and vitaminE on reproduction diseasea and reproductive efficiency in cattle and sheep[J].Vet Res,2003,27,159-174
[4]方向柒.猪硒缺乏引起跛行和趴窝[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,1:32
[5]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Vet.Med.A,1990,37,708-720
[6]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-94
[7]Whitacre ME,Combs GF,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].Nutr,1987,117,460-467
[8]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of anfioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparafive Biochemistry and Physiology Part B.2002,131,815-823
[9]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.The selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency[J].Poult Sci,1977,56(6):1876-1881
[10]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult.Sci,1974, 53,1870-1880
[11]陶应龙,范曼.硒与疾病[J].地方病通报,2005,20(4):94-96
[12]刘宗平.现代动物营养代谢病学[M].化学工业出版社,2003,120-132
[13]Levesque M.Some aspects of selenium rehtionships in Eastern Canadian soils and plants[J].Can.J.Soil Sri,1974,54:117-125
[14]Underwood EJ.Trace element in human and animal nutrition[J].Academic Press,New York SanFranciso London,1977,8-10
[15].Sehrauzbr GN.Cancer mortality correlation studies-Ⅲ:Statistical associations with dietary selenium intake[J].Bioinorganic Chemistry,1977,7:23-24
[16]中国营养学会.推荐的每日膳食中营养素供给量的说明[J].营养学报,1990,12(1):1-9
[17]The Research Group of Keshan Disease of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Research on the Relation Between Selenium and Keshan Disease[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae,1979,1(1):75-80
[18]Research Team of Environment and Endemic Diseases.Studies on Low Selenium Belt in China and Pathogeny of Keshan and Kaschin-beck Diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,1986,7(4):89-93
[19]Wasowica W,Cromadzinska J,Sklodowska M,et al.Selenium Concentration and Glutathioneperoxidase.Activity in Blood of Children with Cancer[J].J Trace Elem Electrolytes health Dis,1994,8(1):53-57
[20]Reid GM,Territ H.Sudden InfantDeath Syndrome and PlacentalDisorders:the Thyroid-selenium Link[J].Med Hypotheses,1997,48(4):317-324
[21]Clark LC,Alberts DS.Selenium and Cancer.Risk or Protection[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,1995,87:473
[22]王朝俊,肖志芳,江映红,等.四川省食管癌死亡率与发硒含量关系探讨[J].微量元素与健康研究,1998,15(2):24
[23]陈东东.微量元素与恶性肿瘤的文献计量学研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000,17(4):24
[24]Misso NL,Powers RA,Gillon RL,et al.Reduced PlateletGlutathione peroxidease Activeity and Serum Selenium Concentrateion in Atopic Asthmatic Patients[J].Clin Exp Allergy,1996,26(7):838-847
[25]Kadrabova J,Madric A,Kovacikova Z,et al.Selenium Status is Decreased in Patientswith Intrinsic Asthma[J].Binl Trace Elem Res.1996,521(3):241-248
[26]邹文华,刘泽林,饶国华,等.硒对126例糖尿病的疗效[J].中国临床药学杂志,1998,7(2):71-74
[27]秦俊法.微量元素与糖尿病[J].广东微量元素科学,2000,7(2):1-15
[28]Wang Z,Hess JL,Bunce GE.Deferoxamine Effect on Selenite-induced Eataract Formation in Rats[J].Invest Ophthalmol Via Sci,1992,33(8):2511-2519
[29]方向柒.猪硒缺乏引起跛行和趴窝[J].中国兽医杂志,2000,1:32.
[30]Hemingway RG.The influences of intakes and supplemention with selenium and vitaminE on reproduction diseasea and reproductive efficiency in cattle and sheep[J].Vet Res,2003,27:159-174
[31]王长青.微量元素硒的生理作用及畜禽补硒方法的研究进展[J].国外畜牧学-饲料,1996,3:31-33
[32]王珍琴.雏鸡硒—VE缺乏症的诊断[J].中国兽医杂志.1999,9:23-25
[33]荀黎红,吴丛雅.高硒与疾病关系的研究进展[J].国外医学医学地理分册 2005,26(3):105-108
[34]侯建军.硒的生物功能.生物学通报,1997,(5):16
[35]陈炳卿.营养与食品卫生学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996,PP33-34
[36]邓英,付德强,杨艳梅,等.硒中毒的研究与防治[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005,7,43
[37]Peter Aitken,张供领,肖新.硒毒症[J].中国畜牧兽医,2002,29(5):42-43
[38]贺建忠.硒中毒的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2007,6,37-38
[39]程德元,黄权钜.畜禽缺硒病与硒中毒病[J].农村养殖技术,1999,6,22
[40]National Research Council(1980).Recommended dietary allowances,9~(th) ed.National Academy Press,Washington,DC,1984
[41]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000,217-223
[42]黄峙.食品硒源的生物学研究进展[J].食品科学,2001,22(5):90-94
[43]方国跃.不同硒源对内仔鸡生产性能的影响[D].湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[44]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京农业大学博士论文,2006
[45]National Research Council.1994.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.9th rev.ed.National Academy Press,Washington,DC.
[46]AAFCO.2003.Official Publication.Association of American Feed Control Officials Incorporated,Olympia,WA.
[47]胡雪峰.丁瑞兴.低硒茶园生产富硒茶的研究[J].土壤,1998,(1):31-35
[48]李静,夏建国,巩发永,等.外源硒肥对茶叶硒含量及化学品质的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(4):104-106
[49]杜琪珍,沈星荣,方兴汉.茶叶中的硒成分分析[J].茶叶科学,1991,11(2):133-137
[50]钟颜麟,刘勤晋.茶硒赋存形态的研究[J].茶叶科学,1992,12(2):94
[51]胡秋辉,潘根兴,安辛欣,等.富硒茶对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响[J].茶叶科学,2001,21:44-47
[52]Hu QH,Pan GX,An XX,et al.Physiological function of Se-enriched tea fertilized with sodium selenite and naturally high-Se tea in rats[J].J Sci Food Agric,2001,81:202-204
[53]Hu QH,Pan GX,Zhu JC.Effect of fertilization on selenium content of tea and the nutritional function of Se-enriched tea in rats[J].Plant & Soil,2002,238:91-95
[54]Amantana A,Santana RC,Buffer JA,et al.Antimutagenic activy of Se-enriched green tea towards the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5]quinoline[J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res,2002,86:177-191
[55]黄峙,向军俭,郑文杰,等.钝顶螺旋藻富集转化硒及硒在藻体中的分布[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(1):12-14
[56]周志刚,李富朋,刘志礼,等.三种螺旋藻及其蛋白质、多糖和脂类结合硒的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1997,28(4):363-370
[57]乔玉辉,商树田.施硒对钝顶螺旋藻品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,(1):31-3
[58]Li ZY,Guo SY,Li L.Bioeffects of selenite on the growth of Spirulina platensis and its biotransformation[J].Bioresour Technol,2003,89(2):171-176
[59]董强,董云玲,钱凯先,等.富硒螺旋藻对糖尿病小鼠降糖作用的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,1998,15(4):3-4
[60]黄峙,郑文杰.富硒螺旋藻对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的拮抗效应[J].卫生研究,2007,36(1):34-36
[61]彭赟,黄峙,郭宝江.富硒螺旋藻清除氧自由基的初步研究[J].营养学报,2005,27(1):61-65
[62]邦建仙,李璇.硒的天然有机化及在谷物食品中应用的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,1997,8,30-32
[63]Gupta UC,Kunelins HT,Winter KA.Effect of foliar applied selenium on yields and selenium concentration of alfafa,timothy and barley[J].Con J Soil Sci,1983,63:455-459
[64]罗盛国,徐宁彤,刘元英.叶面喷硒提高粮食中的硒含量[J].东北农业大学学报,1999,30(1):18-22
[65]宋家永,李敬光,王永华,等.喷施硒肥对小麦生理特性、子粒硒含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2005,39(2):139-143
[66]胡秋辉,杨方美,潘根兴,等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食品硒水平的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2001,23(3):42-45
[67]Yang F,Chen L,Hu Q,et al.Effect of the application of selenium on selenium content of soybean and its products[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2003,93(1/3):249-256
[68]Chen L,Yang F,Xu J,et al.Determination of selenium concentration office in China and the effect of fertilization of selenite and selenate on selenium content of rice[J].J Agric Food Chem,2002,50,5128-5130
[69]陈历程,杨方美,张艳玲,等.我国部分大米含硒量分析及生物硒肥对籽粒硒水平的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(4):341-345
[70]张心敏,丁霄霖,秦日方,等.几种蔬菜的硒结合规律和农艺优化研究[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1997,16(4):7-12
[71]施和平.番茄叶片对~(75)Se的吸收和在植株中的转化[J].核农学报,1992,6(3):190-192
[72]尚庆茂,李平兰,高丽红.水培生菜对硒的吸收和转化[J].园艺学报,1997,24(3):255-258
[73]Carvalho KM,Gallardo-Williams MT,Benson RF,et al.Effects of selenium supplementation on four agricultural crops[J].J Agric Food Chem.2003,51(3):704-709
[74]Raghavan B,Abraham KO,Shankaranarayana ML.Chemistry of Garlic and Garfic Products [J].J Scient Ind Res,1983,42:401-404
[75]Ip C,Lisk DJ,Stoewsand GS.Mammary cancer prevntion by regular garlic and selenium-enriched sarlic[J].Nutr Cancer,1992,217:279-286
[76]段咏新,傅庭治.大蒜对硒的吸收及硒对大蒜生长的影响[J].广东微量元素科学,1997,4(11):52-55,
[77]Arnault I,Auger J.Seleno-compounds in garlic and onion[J].J Chromatogr A,2006,1112(1-2):23-30
[78]冯启利,石燕,叶反帝.家禽饲料中的硒的强化效果测定[J].中国家禽,1998,20(6):1-3
[79]Li JK,Wang XL.Effect of dietary organic versus inorganic selenium in hying hens on the productivity,selenium distribution in egg and selenium content in blood,liver and kidney[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,2004,18:65-68
[80]Lintschinger J,Fuchs N,Moser J,et al.Selenium-enriched sprouts.A raw material for fortified cereal-baded diets[J].J Agric Food Chemistry,2000,48:5326-5368
[81]诸亚君,陈望秋,曹禄森等.富硒麦芽粉对黄曲霉毒素诱导外周白细胞DNA的非程序合成的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12(3):248-252
[82]李家奎.富硒麦芽的培养及蛋鸡对其中硒的相对生物利用率研究[D].南京农业大学,1999
[83]赵圣.富硒麦芽硒在肝脏肿瘤发生过程中的作用[D].南京农业大学,2002
[84]刘海舰.硒对大鼠生长和人工诱发糖尿病大鼠防病作用的研究[D].南京农业大学,2002
[85]魏安池.富硒豆芽及其生产方法的研究[J].郑州粮食学院学报,1996,17(2):67-70
[86]黄志立,麦炳培.硒元素在绿豆芽中的富集研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(6):200-203
[87]李家奎,王小龙.硒的生物转化研究进展[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,38(3):35-37
[88]刘曼西,于秀芝,孙宪洁,等.硒酵母成分的研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),1985,13(3):115-119
[89]Schrauzer GN.Nutritional Selenium Supplements:Product Types,Quality,and Safety[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2001,20(1):1-4
[90]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine[J].J Anim Sci.1996,74(12):2967-2974
[91]Mahan DC,Cline TR,Richert B.Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources fed to growing-finishing pigs on performance,tissue selenium,serum glutathione peroxidase activity,carcass characteristics,and loin quality[J].J Anim Sci.1999,77(8):2172-2179
[92]于英杰,许晓婧,李元亮,等.富硒酵母安全性试验研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(9):38-40
[93]Whanger,PD.Selenium and its relatioship to cancer:an update dagger[J].Brit J Nulz,2004,91(1):11-28
[94]路文彬.富硒乳酸杆菌的研究[J].首都医学院学报,1994,15(2):114
[95]宋照军,潘润淑,王树宁.等.富硒乳酸菌筛选及其富硒工艺初探[J].食品工业科技,2004,25(7):62-64
[96]余善鸣,孙强,徐伟,等.乳酸菌耐硒能力的研究[J].现代食品科技,2005,21(4):17-19
[97]朱俊晨.嗜酸乳杆菌的生长与富硒的动态关系研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2004,16(5):276-277
[98]杨筱曼.富硒乳酸菌对亚急性肝损伤和肝纤维化动物的保护效应及其机制研究[D].南京师范大学,2007
[99]林琳,谢必锋,施巧琴.富硒香菇的深层培养及其特性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,14(3):77-81
[100]梁英,杨宏志,陈艳.富硒香菇、木耳营养成分分析[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2000,12(4):66-69
[101]曹素芳,吴洁先,李学蜂,等.富硒平菇的研究[J].食用菌,1996,(6):19-20
[102]张檀,杜双田,陈德育,等.5种无机物对璇头菌发菌期产量及锌、硒富集影响的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(1):59-153
[103]梁英,杨宏志.黑木耳富硒栽培研究田.食用菌学报,2000,7(4):34-37
[104]胡国元,李伟伟.富硒金针菇深层培养研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,18(2):21-23
[105]陈家华.畜禽及其产品质量和安全分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007,P042-050
[106]张维英,吴敦虎,徐维浩,等.富硒鸡蛋研制与含硒量的测定[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,2000,5,17-19
[107]杨光圻.膳食硒需要量和安全摄入量范围研究述要[J].营养学报,1992,14(3):218
[108]陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加富硒酵母——生产富硒鸡蛋的研究[J].饲料研究,2003,7,1-3
[1109]伍智文,汤珍山.利用生物活性硒生产天然富硒牛奶的试验报告[J].当代畜牧,2004,3,5-6
[110]何葆祥,刘护国,郭连庆,等.关于富硒猪肉及其对人血液含硒量影响的试验[J].养猪,2005,4,46-47
[111]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult.Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[112]Cantor AH,Langevin ML and Noguchi T.Efficacy of selenium compounds and feedstuffs for prevention of pancreatic fibrosis in chicks[J].J Nutr,1975,105:106
[113]Latshaw JD and Osman M.Distribution of Selenium in Egg White and Yolk after Feeding Natural and Synthetic Selenium Compounds[J].Poultry Science,1975,54,1244-1254
[114]Osman M and Latshaw JD.Biological Potency of Selenium from Sodium Selenite,Selenomethionine,and Selanocystine in the Chick[J].Poultry Science,1976,55,987-994
[115]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[116]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[117]Heinz GH and Hoffman DJ.Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine,seleno-DL-methionine,and selanized yeast on reproduction of mallards[J].Environ Pollut,1996,91(2):169-175
[118]尹兆正,冯杰.蛋氨酸硒对肉用仙居鸡生长性能、硒存留率和胴体特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,40(4):13-15
[119]Collins VC,Cantor AH,Ford MJ,et al.Bioavailability of selenium in selenized yeast for broiler chicken[J].Poultry Sci,1993,72:85
[120]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition and Biotechnology[M],Sire JS,Nakai S and Guenter W,EDs.CABI Publisking,New York,NY.2000,473-476
[121]Edens F,Carter TA and Sefton AE.Influence of dietary selenium sources on postmortem drip loss from breast meat of broilers grown on different litters[J].Poultry Sci,19966,75(supplement 1):60
[122]Mollim JD and Osman M.Improved performance with dietary organic selenium to broiler [J].J Anim Sci,1996,26:28
[123]Choct M,Naylor AJ and Reinke.Selenium supplementation affects broiler growth performance,meat yield and feather coverage[J].Britiah Poultry Science,2004,45(5):677-683
[124]Wakebe M.Feed for chicken and for hen.Japanese Patent Office,Patent number JP10023864A2.Jan 27,1998
[125]陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加有机硒对鸡蛋硒、VE含量和哈氏单位的影响[J],动物营养学报,2003,16:32
[126]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[127]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources On age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[128]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[129]Utterback PL,Parsons CM and Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Poult Sci.2005,84(12),1900-1910
[130]Payne RL and Southern LL.Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Selenium Sources for Broilers[J].Poultry Science,2005,84,898-902
[131]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet.Acta Agric.Scand.1990,40,279-287
[132]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J],动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[1]Vergio F.Anti- und Probiotika.Hippokrates,1954,25,16-119
[2]Lilly DM,Stillwell RH.Probiotics:growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms[J].Sci,1965,147,747-748
[3]Parker RB.Probiotics,the other half of the antibiotics story[J].Nutr.Health,1974,29:4-8
[4]Fuller R.A renew:probiotics in man and animals[J].Journal of Applied Bacteriology,1989,66:365-378
[5]Havenaar R and Huis in't Veld JHJ.Probiotics:a general view.In:The Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease(2nd Ed),London:Elsevier Applied Science,1992:151-224
[6]康白.双歧杆菌[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998:1-120
[7]Guarner F,Schaafsma GJ.Probiotics[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1998,39:237-238
[8]Working group report,Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food,Joint Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and The World Health Organisation.Http://wvw.fao.org/es/ESN/Probio/Probio.htm.
[9]Philippe M.Basic aspects and pharmacology of probiotics:an overview of pharmacokinetics,mechanisms of action and side-effects[J].Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol,2003,17(5):725-740
[10]Rolfe RD.The Role of Probiotic Cultures in the Control of Crastrointestinal Health[J].J Nutr,2000,130:396-402
[11]Pascual M,Hugas M,Badiola JI,et al.Lactobacillus salivarius CTC2197 prevents Salmonella enteritidis colonization in chickens[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1999,65:4981-4986
[12]马雪云,王红妹,杨玉华.乳酸杆菌活菌制剂对大肠杆菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌体外拮抗试验[J].山东畜牧兽医,2006,3:4-5
[13]王平,崔德凤,张永红.生芽孢杆菌TPY-211防治7日龄内仔猪腹泻的试验报告[J].北京农学院学报,2000,15(1):29-32
[14]苏勇,姚文,黄瑞华,朱伟云.芽孢乳杆菌S1对断奶前后仔猪肠道乳酸菌、大肠杆菌和挥发性脂肪酸含量变化的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35(1):73-76
[15]Fangac H,Elinaa T,Heikkib A,et al.Modulation of humoral immune response through probiotics intake[J].J Solid State Chem,2000,29:47-52
[16]Sheih YH.systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001[J].J Am Coll Nutr,2001,20:149-156
[17]孟祥晨,霍贵成.双歧杆菌对正常小白鼠免疫调节及肠道菌群的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(04):458-464
[18]Paturi G,Phillips M,Jones M,et al.Immune enhancing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAFTI L10 and Lactobacillus paracasei LAFTI L26 in mice[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2007,115(1):115-118
[19]张春杨,牛钟相,常维山,等.益生菌剂对肉用仔鸡的营养、免疫促进作用[J].中国预防兽医学报,2002,24(1):51-54
[20]倪耀娣,鲁改如,马学会,等.微生态制剂对肉仔鸡免疫器官及抗病力的影响[J].河北畜牧兽医,2004,20(1):20-21
[21]Herich It,Revajova V,Levkut M.The effect of Lactobacillus paracasei and raftilose P95Upon the non-specific immune response of piglets[J].Food and Agricultural Immunology,2002,14:171-179
[22]张常明,李路胜,王修启,等.乳酸菌对断奶仔猪生产性能及免疫力的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2006,27(3):81-84
[23]Man GV,Spoerry A.Study of surfactant and cholesteremia in the Massi[J].Am Clin Nutr,1974,27:464-469
[24]Gilland SE,Speck ML.Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal lactobacilli[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1977,33:15-18
[25]Gilland SE,Nelson CR,Maxwell C.Assimilation of cholesterol by lactobacillus acid ophilus [J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1985,49:377-381
[26]Rasic JL,Vujicic LF,Skringer M.Assimilation of cholesterol by some culture of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria[J].Biotechnol Lett,1992,14:39-44
[27]Akalin AS,Gonc S,Duezel S.Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice[J].J Dairy Sci,1997,80:2721-2725
[28]Taranto NIP,Medici M,Perdigon G,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on the prevention of hypercholesterolemia in mice[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83:401-403
[29]Usman,Hosono A.Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gassed on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(8):1705-1711
[30]Xiao JZ,Kondo S,Takahashi N,et al.Effects of milk products fermented by bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86:2452-2461
[31]肖琳琳,董明盛.西藏干酪乳酸菌降胆固醇特性研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(10):142-145
[32]孟和毕力格,张和平,陈永福,等.嗜酸乳杆菌MG2-1对大鼠血清脂质代谢的影响研究[J].微生物学报,2005,45(6):865-870
[33]Klaver FAM,Meer K Van der.The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus and Bilidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity[J].Appl Envirpn Microbiol,1993,59:1120-1124
[34]Taranto MP,Sesma F.Bile Salt hydrolase phays a key role on cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus reuteri[J].Biotechnol Lett,1997,19:845-847
[35]Lin Meei-YN,Chen Tseng-Wei.Reduction of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus in culture roth[J].Food Drug Aual,2000,8(2):97-102
[36]吴新民,杨金晓,范葵红.酵母菌在对虾饵料中的应用[J].饲料研究,1998,10:4-6
[37]Tovar D,Zambonino J,Cahu C,et al.Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae[J].Aquaculture,2002,204:113-123
[38]刘小刚,周洪琪,华雪铭,等.微生态制剂对异育银鲫消化酶活性的影响[[J].水产学报,2002,26(5):448-451
[39]刘波,谢骏,刘文斌,等.地衣芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生长的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(4):336-340
[40]潘木水,周风珍,张玲华,等.复合益生菌对肉仔鸡小肠内容物酶活性的影响[J].中国饲料,2005,23:21-22
[41]Guerra NP,Bernardez PF,Mendez J,et al.Production of four potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria and their evaluation as feed additives for weaned piglets[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2007,134(1/2):89-107
[42]Endo T,Nakano M,Shimizu S,et al.Effects of a probiotic on the lipid metabolism of cocks fed on cholesterol enriched diet[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1999,63(9):1569-1575.
[43]Samanya M,Yamauchi KE.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var uatto[J].Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,2002,133(1): 95-104
[44]Santoso U,Ohtani S,Tanaka K,et al.Dired Bacillus subtilis reduced ammonia gas release in poultry house[J].Asian Austral J Anim,1999,12(5):806-809
[45]Kim HS.Characterization of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as applied to dietary adjuncts[J].Cult Dairy Prod J,1998,23(3):6-9
[46]Doleyres Y.Bifidobacterium Iongum ATCC15707 cell production during free and immobilized-cell cultures in MRS-whey permeate medium.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2002,60:168-173
[47]Drasar BS,Hill JF.Intestinal bacteria and cancer[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1972,25:1399-1404
[48]Mclntosh OH,Royle PJ,Playne MJ.A probiotic strain of L.acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Nutr Cancer,1999,35,153-159
[49]Zabala MR,Martin AL,Haza L,et al.Anti-proliferative effect of two lactic acid bacteria strains of human origin on the growth of a myeloma cell line[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2001,32(4):287-292
[50]Goldin BR,Gorbach SL.Alterations in fecal microflora enzymes related to diet,age,Lactobacillus supplements and dimethyihydrazine[J].Cancer,1977,40:2421-2426
[51]Mcconnell MA,G Tannock W.A note on lactobacilli and β-glucuronidase activity in the intestinal contents of mice[J].J Appl Bacteriol,1993,74:649-651
[52]Haberer P,du Toit M,Dicks LMT,et al.Effect of potentially prohiotic lactobacilli on feacal enzyme activity in minipigs on a high fat,high-cholesterol diet-a preliminary in vivo trial[J].Int Food Micro,2003,27:1-5
[53]Boubekri K,Ohta Y.Antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria from El-Klila Cheese[J].J Sci Food Agric,1996,72:397-402
[54]Matar C,Nadathur SS,TBakalinsky A,et al.Antimutagenic Effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus L89 and a protease-deficient derivative[J].J Dairy Sci,1997,80:1965-1970.
[55]Holzapfel WH,Haberer P,Snel J,et al.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1998,41:85-101
[56]康白.微生态学原理[M].大连:大连出版社,2002:1-10
[57]益生素国内外应用现状[J].中国家禽,2001,23(10):15
[58]杨景云.医用微生态学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1997:97-100
[59]Fuller R and Brooker BE.Lactobacilli which attach to the crop epithelium of the fowl[J].The American Journa of Clinical Nutrition,1974,27:1305-1312
[60]何明清.动物微生态[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,80-81
[61]杨增岐.健康鸡嗉囊和盲肠内容物正常菌群的分离和鉴定[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(1):45-53
[62]Rantale NE.New aspects of Salmonella infection in broiler production[J].Nature, London.1973,241:210-211
[63]任贵强,张七斤,张和平,等.两株乳酸菌对鸡新城疫HI抗体效价影响的研究[J].中国家禽,2006,28(4):15-17
[64]Dinarello CA.Interlenkin-1 and its biologically relaudly to kine[J].ADV Immnol,1989,74:153-157
[65]Mountzouris KC,Tsirtsikos P,Kalamara E,et al.Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus,and Pediococcus Strains in Promoting Broiler Performance and Modulating Cecal Microflora Composition and Metabolic Activities[J].Poultry Science,2007,86:309-317
[66]张敏,苗晓微,李福俊,等.益生素对肉鸡肠道菌群及免疫器官指数的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007,11,35-36
[67]司振书.微生态制剂对蛋鸡免疫功能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(30):9534-9536
[68]Ranta,Marjatta.Prevention of the grow th of Salmonella infantis in chicks by the flora of the alimentary tract of chickens[J].British Poultry Science,1973,14:627-630
[69]马彦博,白东英,邓雯.EM制剂在蛋鸡生产中的应用效果试验[J].家畜生态,2003,24(4):17-18
[70]赖国旗,张德纯,韦克.生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2005,17(5)329-331
[71]Goren E,De Jong WA,Doornenhal P,et al.Protection of chicks against Salmonella infectiion by spray application of intestinal microflora in hatchery[J].Vet Querterly,1984,73
[72]李桂杰,张钧利,徐海燕.益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料博览,2000,1:43-44
[73]Jin LZ,HoYW,Abdullah N,et al.Digestive and Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Lactobacillus Cultures[J].Poultry Science,2000,79:886-891
[74]王军,汪植三.EM制剂对鸡的生长性能与鸡粪除臭效果的影响[J].家畜生态,2001,22(2):22-26
[75]庄志伟,李栋刚,房坤.微生态制剂处理肉鸡垫料[J].中国家禽,2002,24(24):29
[76]刘华周,张妙玲,董白舒.EM生物技术在蛋鸡生产中的应用研究[J].中国家禽,1997,12:9-10
[77]沈宪文,田野,金春英.应用微生态制剂对鸡蛋品质的研究[J].养禽与禽病防治,1999,12:19-20
[1]Corvilain B,Contempre B,Longombe AO.et al.Selenium and the thyroid:how the relationship was established.Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2 Suppl):244S-248S
[2]Kohrl J,Bdgelius-Flohe R,Bock A.et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biological Chemistry,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[3]Brown K M,Arthur J R.Selenium,selenoproteins and human health:a review[J].Public Health Nutrition,2001,4(2B):593-599
[4]By K.J.Wedekind,S.Yu and G.F.Combs.The selenium requirement of the puppy.J.Anim.Physiol.a.Anim.Nutr.2004,88,340-347
[5]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A.Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concentrations of type Ⅰiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins.Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2Suppl):310S-312S
[6]Arthur JR,Nicol F,Beckett GJ.The role of selenium in thyroid hormone metabolism and effects of selenium deficiency on thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism.Biol Trace Elem Res.1992,33:37-42
[7]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctalurus punctatus).Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[8]Guamer F,Schaafsma GJ.Probiotics[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,1998,39(3):237-238
[9]Perdigon G,Vintini E,Alvarez S,et al.Study of the possible mechanisms involved in the mucosal immune system activation by lactic acid bacteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(6):1108-1114
[10]Ogawa M,Shimizu K,Nomoto K,et al.Inhibition of in vitro growth of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O 157:H7 by probiotic Lactobacillus strains due to production of lactic acid[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2001,68(1-2):135-140
[11]Commanea D,Hughes R,Shortt C.et al.The potential mechanisms involved in the anti-carcinogenic action of probiotics[J].Mutation Research,2005,591:276-289
[12]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[13]秦顺义,黄克和,高建忠.不同硒源对羔羊抗氧化能力、血浆细胞因子水平及T_3、T_4的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(2):102-106
[14]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient requirements of poultry[M].9th rev.ed.Washington:National Academy Press,1994
[15]夏枚生,潘金敏,胡彩虹等.纳米硒对肉鸡生长、肝脏脱碘酶活性和血清甲状腺激素的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):24-28
[16]李家奎,王小龙,赵圣,韩博,等.富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的分布及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率[J].中国兽医学报,2001,21(4):395-398
[17]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[y].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[18]高建忠,黄克和,秦顺义.不同硒源对仔猪组织硒沉积和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(1):85-88
[19]Tortuero F,Fernandez E.Effects of inclusion of microbial cultures in barley-based diets fed to laying hens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1995,53:255-265
[20]Panda AK,Reddy MR,Rama Rao S V,et al.Production performance,serum/yolk cholesterol and immune competence of White Leghorn layers as influenced by dietary supplementation with probiotic[y].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2003,35(1):85-94
[21]Berry MJ,Laila Banu & P,Reed Larsen.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme.NATURE,1991,349(31):438-440
[22]Beckett GJ,David A,Macdnugall,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[y].Biochem.J.1989,259,887-892
[23]Arthur JR,Fergus Nicol and Beckett GJ.Hepatic iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and the role of selenium[J].Biochem.J.1990,272,537-540
[24]Beckett GJ,Alison Russell,Fergus Nicol,et al.Effect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ5-iodnthyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone levels in the rat[J].Biochem.J.1992,282,483-486
[25]Bates JM,Spate VL,Steven Morris J,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Tissue Selenium Content,Deiodinase Activity,and Thyroid Hormone Economy in the Rat during Development[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(7):2490-2500
[26]He jianhua,Akira Ohtsuka,and Kunioki Hayashi.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84,727-732
[27]陈杰.家畜生理学[M].第四版,北京:中国农业出版社,2003,pp368-372
[28]Beckett GJ,Beddows SE,Morrice PC,et al.Inhibition of hepatic deiodination of thyroxine is caused by selenium deficiency in rats[J].Biochem.J.1987,248,443-447
[1]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Book A,et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biol Chem,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[2]Dodig S,Cepelak I.The facts and controversies about selenium[J].Acta Pharm,2004,54(4):261-276
[3]Combs G F Jr.Food system-based approaches to improving micronutrient nutrition:The case for selenium[J].Biofactors,2000,12(1-4):39-43
[4]Research Team of Environment and Endemic Diseases.Studies on low selenium belt in China and pathogeny of Keshan and Kasehin-beek Diseases[J].Chin J EnViron Sei,1986,7,89-93
[5]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1990,37(9):708-720
[6]Avanzo JL,de Mendonea CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antiorddant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2002,131(4):815-823
[7]Cantor AH,Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatehability, performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[y].Poult Sci,1974,53(5):1870-1880
[8]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctalurns punctatus)[J].Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[9]黄志坚,林藩平,邱承亮等.富硒酵母对奶牛抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].营养学报,2004;26(1):27-30
[10]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[11]仲崇华.不同硒源对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫指标及硒利用率的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2006
[12]Schumacher LK,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Selenium and immulle cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2[J].Experimental Biology and Medicine,1990,193(2):136-142
[13]美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会.家禽营养需要[M].第九修订版.蔡辉益,译..北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994,19-37
[14]Pan CL,Huang KH,Zhao YX,et al.Effect of selenium source and level in hen's diet on tissue selenium deposition and egg selenium concentrations[J].J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:1027-1032
[15]刘华忠,黄银燕,陈绍红.谷氨酰胺对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化作用的影响[J].中国饲料,2004,24,23-25
[16]Sander I,Braune S,Volkmann C,et al.Application of the leukocyt transformation test(LTT) in different avian species employing MTT as a alternative to the use of isotope[J].Poultry Immunology,1996,24:437
[17]Chang WP,Hom JS,Dieter RR,et al.Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency on chicken splenocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression[J].Immunophannacol Immunotoxicol,1994,16(2):203-223
[18]黄克和,陈万芳.硒对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化和自然杀伤细胞活力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(2):76-79
[19]Biswas A,Mohan J,Sastry KV.Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail[J].Br Poult Sci,2006,47(4):511-515
[20]杜念兴.兽医免疫学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989,12-29,78-87
[21]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999,387-453
[22]高建忠,秦顺义,黄克和.富硒益生菌对仔猪抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].营养学报,2006,28(2):132-134
[23]秦顺义.一种富含有机硒的益生菌制剂的研制与作用机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007
[1]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179(73):588-590
[2]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferous grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].J Anim Sci.1984,59(3):725-732
[3]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].J Anim Sci.1992,70(12):3934-3940
[4]Wu Q,Huang K,Xu H.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].J Inorg Biochem.2003,94(4):301-306
[5]Brenneisen P,Steinbrenner H,Sies H.Selenium,oxidative stress,and health aspects[J].Mol Aspects Med.2005,26(4-5):256-267
[6]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1990,37(9):708-720
[7]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-994
[8]Whitacre ME,Combs GF Jr,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].J Nutr,1987.117(3):460-467
[9]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol,2002,131(4):815-823
[10]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.The selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency [J].Poult Sci.1977,56(6):1876-1881
[11]Cantor AH,and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poultry Science,1974,53(5):1870-1880
[12]Zachara BA,Mikolajczak J,Trafikowska U.Effect of various dietary selenium(Se) intakes on tissue Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in lambs[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1993,40(4):310-318
[13]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[14]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[15]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[16]Julius AD,Davies MH,Birt DF.Toxic effects of dietary selenium in the Syrian hamster[J].Ann Nutr Metab,1983,27(4):296-305
[17]Hoffman DJ.Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds(Review)[J].Aquat Toxicol.2002,57(1-2):11-26
[18]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[19]Mahan DC and Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny [J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(11):2711-2718
[20]Yoshida M,Fukanaga K,Tsuchita H,et al.An evaluation of the bioavailability of selenium in high-selenium yeast[J].J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo).1999,45(1):119-128
[21]蔡辉益译.家禽营养需要[M].美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会修订(第九修订版,1994).北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994.
[22]Ortman K,Pehrson B.Effect of Selenate as a Feed Supplement to Dairy Cows in Comparison to selenite and Selenium Yeast[J].J.Anim.Sci.1999,77(12):3365-3370
[23]Gunter SA,Beck PA and Phillips JM.Effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci.2003,81(4):856-864
[24]Kim YY,Mahan DC.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci.2001,79(4):942-948
[25]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric Scand,1990,40(3):279-287
[26]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition and Biotechnology[M],J.S.Sim,S.Nakai,and W.Guenter,EDs.;CABI Publishing,New York,NY.2000,473-476
[27]Payne RL,Lavergne TK and Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[28]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[29]Mahan DC,Cline TR and Richert B.Effects of Dietary Levels of Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Sodium Selenite as Selenium Sources Fed to Growing-Finishing Pigs on Performance,Tissue Selenium,Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Activity,Carcass Characteristics,and Loin Quality[J].J.Anim.Sci.1999,77(8):2172-2179
[30]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the Efficacy of Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Sodium Selenite on Tissue Selenium Retention and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Grower and Finisher Swine[J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(12):2967-2974
[31]杨鹰,高铭宇,袁莉,等.硒锌互作对肉鸡肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国兽医学报2002,22(2):178-180
[32]Temple NJ.Antioxidants and Disease:More Questions Than Answers[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(3):449-459
[33]Yun-Zhong Fang,Sheng Yang,and Guoyao Wu.Free Radicals,Antioxidants,and Nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879
[34]Burk RF,Hill KE,Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].epatology,1995,21(2):561-569
[1]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferous grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].J Anim Sci.1984,59(3):725-732
[2]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].J Anim Sci.1992,70(12):3934-3940
[3]Zachara BA,Mikolajczak J,Trafikowska U.Effect of various dietary selenium(Se) intakes on tissue Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in lambs[J].Zentralbl Veterinarmed A,1993,40(4):310-318
[4]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[5]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[6]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136(4):921-934
[7]Julius AD,Davies MH,Birt DF.Toxic effects of dietary selenium in the Syrian hamster[J].Ann Nutr Metab,1983,27(4):296-305
[8]Hoffman DJ.Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds(Review)[J].Aquat Toxicol.2002,57(1-2):11-26
[9]Swanson CA.Comparative utilization of selenite,selenomethionine,and selenized yeast by the laying hen[J].Nutrition Research,1987,7(5):529-537
[10]Mahan DC and Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny [J].J.Anim.Sci.1996,74(11):2711-2718
[11]Yoshida M,Fukunaga K,Tsuchita H,et aL An evaluation of the bioavallability of selenium in high-selenium yeast[J].J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo).1999,45(1):119-128
[12]Ga'miz-Gracia L,Luque de Castro MD.Determination of selenium in nutritional supplements and shampoos by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Talanta.1999,50,875-880
[13]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric.Scand.1990,40,279-287
[14]Echevarria MG,Henry PR,Ammerman CB et al.Effects of time and dietary selenium concentration as sodium selenite on tissue selenium uptake by sheep[J].J.Anim.Sci.1988,66,2299-2305
[15]Tarla FN,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effect of time and sex on tissue selenium oncentrations in chicks fed practical diets supplemented with sodium selenite or calcium selenite[J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res.1991,31,11-20
[16]胡文琴,王恬,孟庆利.动物中活性氧的产生及清除机制[J].家畜生态,2004,25(3):64-57
[17]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[18]Temple NJ.Antioxidants and Disease:More Questions Than Answers[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(3):449-459
[19]Yun-Zhong Fang,Sheng Yang,and Guoyao Wu.Free Radicals,Antioxidants,and Nutrition[J].Nutrition,2002,18(10):872-879
[20]Burk RF,Hill KE,Awad JA,et al.Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats:assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P[J].epatology,1995,21(2):561-569
[1]Corvilain B,Contempre B,Longombe AO.et al.Selenium and the thyroid:how the relationship was established[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1993,57(2 Suppl):244S-248S
[2]Kohrl J,Brigelius-Flohe R,Bock A.et al.Selenium in biology:facts and medical perspective[J].Biological Chemistry,2000,381(9-10):849-864
[3]Brown KM,Arthur JR.Selenium,selenoproteins and human health:a review[J].Public Health Nutrition,2001,4(2B):593-599
[4]Wedekind By KJ,Yu S and Combs GF.The selenium requirement of the puppy[J].J.Anim.Physiol.a.Anim Nutr.2004,88,340-347
[5]Rotruck JT,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179,588-590
[6]Behne D,Kyriakopoulos A.Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concentrations of type Ⅰiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins[J].Am J Clin Nutr.1993,57(2Suppl):310S-312S
[7]Coehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferons grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].Anim.Sci,1984,59,725-732
[8]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].Anim.Sci,1992,70,3934-3940
[9]Reddy Ambati P,Hsu BL,Sreenivasula Reddy P,et al.Expression of glutathione peroxidase Ⅰ gene in selenium-deficient rats[J].Nucleic Acids Research.1988,16(12):5557-5568
[10]Christensen MJ and Burgener KW.Dietary Selenium Stabilizes Qlutathione Peroxidase mRNA in Rat Liver[J].Biochemical and Molecular Roles of Nutrients,J.Nutr.1992,122:1620-1626
[11]Diane DePalo,William B.Kinlaw,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on type Ⅰ 5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[12]Weiss SL,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.The Selenium Requirement for Glutathione Peroxidase mRNA Level Is Half of the Selenium Requirement for Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Female Rats[y].J.Nutr.1996,126:2260-2267
[13]Mitchell JH,Nicol F,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and liver of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rare[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-67
[14]Bermano G,Nicol F,Dyer JA,et,al.Selenoprotein gene expression.during selenium-repletion of selenium-deficient rats[J].Biol Trace Elem Res.1996,51(3):211-223
[15]Weiss SL,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase mRNA and other selenium-dependent parameters in male rats[J].J.Nutr.Biochem.1997,8:85-91
[16]Sunde RA,Thompson BM,Palm MD,et al.Selenium regulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidasesin animals and transfected CHO cells[y].Biomed Environ Sci.1997,10(2/3):346-355
[17]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135:2144-2150
[18]Hostetler CE,Michal J,Robison M,et al.Effect of selenium intake and fetal age on mRNA levels of two selenoproteins in porcine fetal and maternal liver[J].J Anim Sci.2006,84(9):2382-2390
[19]Bruzelius K,Hoac T,Sondler R,et al.Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue[J].J Dairy Sci.2007 Feb;90(2):918-927
[20]Shontaro Hara,Yasuko Shoji,Atsuko Sakurai,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Cells[J].Biol.Pharm.Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[21]张立国,张琚.实时定量PCR技术的介绍[J].生物技术,2003,13(2):39-40
[22]Ginlietti A,Overbergh L,Valckx D,et al.An overview of real-time quantitative PCR:applications to quantify cytokine gene expression[J].Methods,2001,25(4):386-401
[23]Varga A,James D.Detection and differentiation of Plum pox virus using real-time multiplex PCR with SYBR Careen and melting curve analysis:a rapid method for strain typing[J].J Virol Methods,2005,123:213-220
[24]Monis PT,G-iglio S,Saint CP.Comparison of SYTO9 and SYBR Green Ⅰ for real-time polymerase chain reaction and investigation of the effect of dye concentration on amplification and DNA melting curve analysis[J].Anal Biochem,2005,340:24-34
[25]Halford WP,Falco VC,Gebhardt BM,et al.The inherent quantitative capacity of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction[J].Anal Biochem,1999,266(2):181-191
[26]Provenzano M,Mocellin S.Complementary techniques:validation of gene expression data by quantitative real time PCR[J].Adv Exp Med Biol,2007,593:66-73
[27]Ririe KM,Rasmussen RP.Wittwer CT.Product differentiation by analysis of DNA melting curves during the polymerase chain reaction[J].Anal Biochem,1997,245:154-160
[28]高云霞,关明,苏兵,等.SYBR Green Ⅰ实时定量PCR检测脑胶质瘤中RASSF1A mRNA [J].复旦学报(医学版),2004,31(6):575-578
[29]王燕,闻新棉,窦恒利,等.自身免疫病患者增殖诱导配体基因mRNA表达水平的研究[J].临床检验杂志,2006,24(4):299-301
[30]Livak KJ,Schmittgen TD.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408
[31]Leutenegger CM,Mislin CN,Sigrist B,et al.Quantitative real-time PCR for the measurement of feline cytokine mRNA[J].Vet Immunol Immunpathol,1999,71(3-4):291-305
[32]Mackay IM,Arden KE,Nitsche A.Real-time PCR in virology[J].Nucleic Acids Res,2002,30(6):1292-1305
[33]肖国生,曹三杰,文心田.荧光定量PCR技术及其在动物传染病定量检测中的应用[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(2):13-17
[34]Zhang XZ,Ding LL,Sandford AJ.Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in human neutrophils by real-time PCR[J].BMC Mol Biol,2005,6(1):4
[35]Neuvians TP,Gashaw I,Sauer CG,et al.Standardization strategy for quantitative PCR in human seminoma and normal testis[J].J Biotechnol,2005,117(2):163-171
[36]李建林,俞菊华,唐永凯,等.黄鳝β肌动蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(2):187-191
[37]Hurteau GJ,Spivack SD.mRNA-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from human tissue extracts[J].Anal Biochem,2002,307(2):304-315
[38]Matilde Maiorino,Margherita Scapin,Fulvio Ursini,et al.Distinct Promoters Determine Alternative Transcription of gpx-4 into Phospholipid-Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase Variants[J].The Journal of Binlogical Chemistry,2003,278(36):34286-34290
[39]Matilde Maiorino,Valentina Bosello,Fulvio Ursini,et al.Genetic Variations of gpx-4 and Male Infertility in Humans[J].Biology Reproduction,2003,68,1134-1141
[40]Ryoji Fukuhara,Takashi Kageyama.Structure,gene expression,and evolution of primate glutathione peroxidsses[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part B,2005,141:428-436
[41]Astrid Borchert,Savaskan NE,Hartmut Kuhn.Regulation of Expression of the Phospholipid Hydroperoxide/Sperm Nucleus Glutathione Peroxidase Gene-Tissue-Specific Expression.Pattern and Identification of Functional Cis-and Trans-regulatory Elements[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(4):2571-2580
[42]Baek LJ,Seo DS,Yon JM,et al.Tissue expression and cellular localization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase(PHGPx) mRNA in male mice[J].J Mol Histol,2007,38(3):237-44
[43]Kong BW,Kim H,Foster DN.Cloning and expression analysis of chicken phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase[J].Anim Biotechnol.2003 May;14(1):19-29
[44]Shuntaro HARA,Yasuko SHOJI,Atsuko SAKURAI,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Expression of Selenoproteins in Bovine Arterial Endothelial Celis[J].Biol.Pharm.Bull.2001,24(7):754-759
[45]Bruzelius K,Hoac T,Sundler R,et al.Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(2):918-927
[46]Sherri WEISS SACHDEV and SUNDE RA.Selenium regulation of transcript abundance and translational efficiency of glutathione peroxidase-1 and -4 in rat liver[J].Biochem.J.2001,357,851-858
[47]Xin Gen Lei,Heather M.Dann,Deborah A.Ross,et al.Dietary Selenium Supplementation Is Required to Support Full Expression of Three Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidases in Various Tissues of Weanling Pigs[J]J.Nutr.1998,128:130-135
[48]Kylie Venardns,Kevin Ashton,John Headrick,et al.Effects of dietary selenium on post-ischemic expression of antioxidant Mma[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2005,270:131-138
[49]Berry MJ,Laila Banu & P,Reed Larsen.Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme[J].NATURE,1991,349(31):438-440
[50]Beckett GJ,David A,MACDOUGALL,Fergus NICOL,et al.Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱiodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver,kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency[J].Biochem.J.1989,259,887-892
[51]Arthur JR,Fergus Nicol and Beckett GJ.Hepatic iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and the role of selenium[J].Biochem.J.1990,272,537-540
[52]Beckett GJ,Alison Russell,Fergus Nicol,et al.Effect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ5-iodothyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone levels in the rat[J].Biochem.J.1992,282,483-486
[53]Bates JM,Spate VL,Steven Morris J,et al.Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Tissue Selenium Content,Deiodinuse Activity,and Thyroid Hormone Economy in the Rat during Development[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(7):2490-2500
[54]He jianhua,Akira Ohtsuka,and Kunioki Hayashi.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84,727-732
[55]夏枚生,潘金敏,胡彩虹等.纳米硒对肉鸡生长、肝脏脱碘酶活性和血清甲状腺激素的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):24-28
[56]St.Germain DL and Galton VA.The deiodinase family of selenoproteins[J].Thyroid.1997,7:655-668
[57]Van Der Geyten S,Sanders JP,Kaptein E,et al.Expression of chicken hepatic type Ⅰ and type Ⅲiodothyronine deiodinases during embryonic development[J].Endocrinology 1997,138:5144-5152
[58]Mol KA,Van Der Geyten S,Darras VM,et al.Characterization of iodothyronine outer ring and inner ring deiodinase activities in the blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus[J].Endocrinology.1997,138:1787-1793
[59]Sanders JP,Van Der Geyten S,Kaptein E,et al.Characterization of a propylthiouracil-intensitive type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase[J].Endocrinology,1997,138:5153-5160
[60]Maia AL,Berry MJ,Sabbag R,et al.Structural and functional differences in the dio 1 gene in mice with inherited type 1 deiodinase deficiency[J].Mol.Endocrinol.1995,9:969-980
[61]Diane DePalo,Kinlaw WB,Chengquan ZhaoS,et al.Effect of Selenium Deficiency on Type Ⅰ5'-Deiodinase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(23):16223-16228
[62]Sunde RA,Evenson JK,Thompson KM,et al.Dietary Selenium Requirements Based on Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Activity and mRNA Levels and Other Se-Dependent Parameters Are Not Increased by Pregnancy and Lactation in Rats[J].J.Nutr.2005,135:2144-2150
[63]Mitchell JH,Fergus Nicol,Beckett GJ,et al.Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and fiver of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rots[J].J Mol Endocrinol.1996,16(3):259-267
[64]高建忠.不同硒源对仔猪和羔羊免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005
[1]Rotruck Jr,Pope AL,Ganther HE,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179,588-590
[2]Goehring TB,Palmer IS,Olson OE,et al.Effects of seleniferons grains and inorganic selenium on tissue and blood composition and growth performance of rats and swine[J].Anim Sci,1984,59,725-732
[3]Gerloff BJ.Effect of Se supplementation on dairy cattle[J].Anim.Sci,1992,70,3934-3940
[4]Qingzhi Wu,Kaixun Huang,Huibi Xu.Effects of long-term selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductasc activities and expressions in rat aorta[J].Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,2003,94,301-306
[5]Peter Brenneisen,Holger Steinbrenner,Helmut Sies.Selenium,oxidative stress,and health aspects [J].Molecular Aspects of Medicine,2005,26,256-267
[6]Hassan S,Hakkarainen J,Jonsson L,et al.Histopathological and biochemical changes associated with selenium and vitamin E deficiency in chicks[J].Vet.Med.A,1990,37,708-720
[7]Osman M,Latshaw JD.Biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite,selenomethionine,and selenocystine in the chick[J].Poult Sci.1976,55(3):987-994
[8]Whitacre ME,Combs GF,Combs SB,et al.Influence of dietary vitamin E on nutritional pancreatic atrophy in selenium-deficient chicks[J].Nutr,1987.117,460-467
[9]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,de Cerqueira CM.Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B.2002,131,815-823
[10]Latshaw JD,Ort JF,Diesem CD.Tho selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency [J].Ponlt SCi,1977,56(6):1876-1881
[11]Cantor AH,and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[12]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in thediet[J].Acta Agric Stand.1990,40(3),279-287
[13]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(12),1900-1910
[14]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[15]王海宏,谢忠忱,蔡辉益.不同硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(1):44-48
[16]Avanzoa JL,de Mendonc CX Jr,Piccoli Puginea SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidatiw stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129,163-173
[17]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):235-243
[18]Mahmond KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136,921-934
[19]Cantor AH,Moorhead PD,Musser MA.Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy,selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase,and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults[J].Poult Sci,1982,61(3):478-484
[20 陈忠法,韩泽建.日粮中添加有机硒对鸡蛋硒、VE含量和哈氏单位的影响[J],动物营养学报, 2003,16:32
[21]美国国家研究委员会家禽营养分会.家禽营养需要[M].第九修订版.蔡辉益,译.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994
[22]G(u|¨)l M,Y(o|¨)r(u|¨)k MA,Hayirli A,et al.Effects of additives on laying performance and egg quality of hens fed a high level of common vetch seed(vicia sativa) during the peak period[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2005,14(2):217-225
[23]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2R subunit and internationalization of interleukin 2[J].Bio Trace Elem Res.1994,41(1/2):103
[24]Hegazy SM,Adachi Y.Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium,zinc,and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and aflatoxin or Salmonella[J].Poult Sci.2000,79(3):331-335
[25]Thompson HJ,Meeker LD,Kokoska S.Effect of an inorganic and organic form of dietary selenium on the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat[J].Cancer Res.1984,44(7):2803-2806
[26]Oh SH,Park KK,Kim SY,Lee KJ,Lee YH.Evaluation of chemopreventive effect of dietary selenium-rich egg on mouse skin tumor induced by 2'-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxirane and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate[J].Carcinogenesis.1995,16(12):2995-2998
[27]Maurice DV,Jensen L.S.Reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction[J].Poult Sci.1979,58(6):1548-1556
[28]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].Br Poult Sci.2000,41(2):235-243.
[29]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium restores age-related decline in immune cell function[J].PSEBM.1995,209:369
[30]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia.2004,157:99-109
[31]Nolan TD and Brown D.The influence of elevated dietary zinc,selenium,and their combination on the suppressive effect of dietary and intraperitoneal cadmium on egg production in laying hens[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A.2000,60(8):549-565
[32]Xiao P.Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci.2002,15(1):67-74
[33]Xiao Rong HU,Hui LI,Yong Xiang ZHANG.The chemical speciation and behavior of mercury and selenium in the insoluble fraction of striped dolphin liver[J].Chinese Chemical Letters. 2004,15(3):326-329
[34]欧阳爱国,颜玄洲,刘燕德等.不同储藏期的鸡蛋品质检测试验研究[J].农机化研究,2005,1,207-208
[35]刘燕德,乔振先.鸡蛋新鲜度与储存条件的相关性性分析[J].江西农业大学学报2002,24(1):48-51
[36]Wakebe M.Feed for chicken and for hen.Japanese Patent Office,Patent number JP10023864A2.Jan 27,1998
[37]Arnold RL,Olson OE and Carlson CW.Dietary selenium and arsenic additions and their effects on tissue and egg selenium[J].Poult.Sci.1973,52:847-854
[38]Patton ND.Organic selenium in the nutrition of laying hens:Effects on egg selenium content,egg quality and transfer to developing chick embryos.Ph.D.Digs.,Univ.Kentucky,Lexington,KY.2000.
[39]臧素敏,孙继国.蛋鸡笼养高产新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,pp83-87
[40]Ort JF and Latshaw JD.The toxic level of sodium selenite in the diet of laying chickens[J].J.Nutr.1978,108:1114-1120
[41]Cantor AH,Nash DM and Johnson TH.Toxicity of selenium in drinking water of poultry[J].Nutr.Rep.Int.1984,29:683-688
[42]呙于明,袁见敏.产蛋种鸡日粮中不同水平VE与有机硒和无机硒的效果研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,1998,34(5):10-12
[1]Danielle RE,David ES.Plants,selenium and human health[J].Curt.Opin.Plant Biol,2003,6,273-279
[2]Zheng DX,Li RB,Wang WY.A preliminary exposition on low-selenium zone in the world[J].Acta Sci.Cireumstantia(China),1982,3,241-250
[3]Wang C,Lovell RT.Organic selenium sources,selenomethionine and selenoyeast,have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source,sodium selenite,in diets for channel catfish (Zctaluras punctatus)[J].Aquaculture,1997,152,223-234
[4]FDA.FDA approves food additive petition for selenium yeast.FDA Veterinarian Newsletter;U.S.Food and Drug Administration:Washington,DC,2000,pp10
[5]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content[J].Egg Nutrition Biotechnology;Sim,J.S.,Nakai,S.,Guenter,W.,Eds.;CABI Publishing:New York,NY,2000,pp 473-476
[6]Paton ND,Cantor AH,Pescatore AJ,et al.The effect of dietary selenium source and level on the uptake of selenium by developing chick embryos[J].Poult.Sci,2002,81,1548-1554
[7]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,Yoon I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of hying hens on egg selenium content[J].Poult.Sci,2005,84,1900-1910
[8]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of inorganic versus organic selenium on hen production and egg selenium concentration[J].Poult.SCi,2005,84,232-237
[9]National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry,9th revised ed.;National Academy Press:Washington,DC,1994.
[10]Ga'miT-Cracia L,Luque de Castro MD.Determination of selenium in nutritional supplements and shampoos by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Talanta,1999,50,875-880
[11]Cantor AH,Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[12]Latshaw JD,Osman M.Distribution of selenium in egg white and yolk after feeding natural and synthetic compounds[J].Poult Sci,1975,54,1244-1252
[13]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet[J].Acta Agric.Scand,1990,40,279-287
[14]Athanasios CP,Filiz K,Peter FS,et al.The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny[J].Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,Part B:Biochem.MoL Biol.2005,142,465-474
[15]Echevarria MG,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effects of time and dietary selenium concentration as sodium selenite on tissue selenium uptake by sheep[J].L Anim.Sci,1988,66,2299-2305
[16]Ortman K,Pehrson B.Effect of selenate as a feed supplement to dairy cows in comparison to selenite and selenium Yeast[J].J.Anim.Sci,1999,77,3365-3370
[17]Gunter SA,Beck PA,Phillips JM.Effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci,2003,81,856-864
[18]Kim YY,Mahan DC.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs[J].J.Anim.Sci,2001,79,942-948
[19]Pehrson B,Ortman K,Madjid N.The influence of dietary selenium as selenium yeast or sodium selenite on the concentration of selenium in the milk of Suckler cows and on the selenium status of their calves[J].J.Anim.Sci,1999,77,3371-3376
[20]Van Ryssen JBJ,Deagen JT,Beilstein MA,et al.Comparative metabolism of organic and inorganic selenium by sheep[J].J.Agric.Food.Chem,1989,37,1358-1363
[21]Mahan DC.Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrums and milk selenium content[J].J.Anim.Sci,2000,78,100-105
[22]Knowles SO,Grace ND,Wurms K,et al.Sienificance of amount and form of dietary selenium on blood,milk and casein selenium concentrations in grazing cows[J].J.Dairy Sci,1999,82,429-437
[23]Mahan DC,Parrett NA.Evaluating the efficacy of seleniumenriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activity in grower and finisher swine[J].J.Anim.Sci,1996,74,2967-2974
[24]Aspila P.Metabolism of selenite,selenomethionine and feedincorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy cows[J].J.Agric.Sci.Fin,1991,63,1-74
[25]Tarla FN,Henry PR,Ammerman CB,et al.Effect of time and sex on tissue selenium concentrations in chicks fed practical diets supplemented with sodium selenite or calcium selenite [J].Biol.Trace Elem.Res,1991,31,11-20
[26]Mahan DC,Kim YY.Effect of inorganic or organic selenium at two dietary levels on reproductive performance and tissue selenium concentrations in first-parity gilts and their progeny[J].J.Anim.Sci,1996,74,2711-2718
[1]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions.I.Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2R subunit and internationalization of interleukin 2[J].Bio Trace Elem Res,1994,41(1/2):103
[2]Kiremidjian SL,Roy M,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-actived killer cells[J].Bio Trace Elem Res,1996,52(3):227-239
[3]Hegazy SM,Adachi Y.Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium,zinc,and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and aflatoxin or Salmonella[J].Poult Sci,2000,79(3):331-335
[4]Jianhua H,Ohtsuka A,Hayashi K.Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens[J].Br J Nutr,2000,84(5):727-732
[5]Choct M,Naylor A J,Reinke N.Selenium supplementation affects broiler growth performance,meat yield and feather coverage[J].Br Poult Sci,2004,45(5):677-683
[6]Payne RL,Southern LL.Comparison of inorganic and organic selenium sources for broilers[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(6):898-902
[7]Thompson HJ,Meeker LD,Kokoska S.Effect of an inorganic and organic form of dietary selenium on the promotional stage of mammary carcinogenesis in the rat[J].Cancer Res,1984,44(7):2803-2806
[8]Oh SH,Park KK,Kim SY,et al.Evaluation of chemepreventive effect of dietary selenium-rich egg on mouse skin tumor induced by 2'-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxirane and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate[J].Carcinogenesis,1995,16(12):2995-2998
[9]Hoekstra WG.Biochemical function of selenium and its relation to vitamin E[J].Fed Proc,1975,34,2083-2089
[10]Maurice DV,Jensen LS.Reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction[J].Poult Sci,1979,58(6):1548-1556
[11]Surai PF.Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick[J].Br Poult Sci,2000,41(2):235-243
[12]Avanzo JL,de Mendonca CX Jr,Pugine SM,et al.Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,2001,129(2):163-173
[13]Mahmoud KZ,Edens FW.Influence of selenium sources on age-related andmild heat stressrelated changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens(Gallus domesticus)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,136:921-934
[14]Sahin N,Sahin K,Onderci M.Vitamin E and selenium supplementation to alleviate cold-stress-associated deterioration in egg quality and egg yolk mineral concentrations of Japanese quails[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2003,96(1/3):179-189
[15]Roy M,Kiremidjian SL,Wishe HI,et al.Supplementation with selenium restores age-related decline in immune cell function[J].PSEBM,1995,209:369
[16]Jakhar KK & Sadana JR.Sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process[J].Mycopathologia,2004,157:99-109
[17]Katakura M,Sugawara N.Preventive effect of selenium against the testicular injury by cadmium[J].Nippon Eiseigeku Zasshi,1999,54(2):481
[18]Nolan TD,Brown D.The influence of elevated dietary zinc,selenium,and their combination on the suppressive effect of dietary and intraperitoneal cadmium on egg production in laying hens[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2000,60(8):549-565
[19]Xiao P.Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2002,15(1):67-74
[20]Xiao Rong HU,Hui LI,Yong Xiang ZHANG.Tbe chemical speciation and behavior of mercury and selenium in the insoluble fraction of striped dolphin liver[J].Chinese Cbemical Letters,2004,15(3):326-329
[21]Cantor AH and Scott ML.The effect of selenium in the hen's diet on egg production,hatchability,performance of progeny and selenium concentration in eggs[J].Poult Sci,1974,53,1870-1880
[22]Hassan S.Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the diet.Acta Agric Scand.1990,40(3):279-287
[23]Utterback PL,Parsons CM,and Yoon.I.Effect of supplementing selenium yeast in diets of hying hens on egg selenium content.Poult Sci.2005,84(12):1900-1910
[24]Payne RL,Lavergne TK,Southern LL.Effect of Inorganic Versus Organic Selenium on Hen Production and Egg Selenium Concentration[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(2):232-237
[25]李慎涛等译.精编蛋白质科学实验指南[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2007,pp69-89
[26]Pan CL,Huang KH,Zhao YX,et al.Effect of selenium source and level in hen's diet on tissue selenium deposition and egg selenium concentrations[J].J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:1027-1032
[27]Paton ND,Cantor AH,Pescatore AJ,et al.The effect of dietary selenium source and level on the uptake of selenium by developing chick embryos.Poult Sci,2002,81,1548-1554
[28]Athanasios CP,Filiz K,Peter F,et al.The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny.Comp.Biochem.Physiol.,Part B:Biocbem.Mol.Biol.2005,142,465-474
[29]Cantor AH,Straw ML,Ford MJ,et al.In Effect of feeding organic selenium in diets of laying hens on egg selenium content.Egg Nutrition Biotechnology;Sim JS,Nakai S,Guenter W,Eds;CABI Publishing:New York,NY,2000,pp 473-476
[30]Sirichakwal PP,Newcomer CE,Young VR,et al.Labeling hen's egg with 74Se for use in human metabolic experiments[J].J Nutr,1984,114(6):1159-1168
[31]National Research Council.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry,9th revised eeL;National Academy Press:Washington,DC,1994.
[32]Latshaw JD,Osman M.Distribution of selenium in egg white and yolk afar feeding natural and synthetic compounds[J].Poult Sci,1975,54,1244-1252
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |