南堡凹陷东营组构造层序地层分析及其油气地质意义
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摘要
本文以翔实的地质、岩芯和测井以及覆盖整个研究区的高分辨率三维地震资料为工作基础，应用构造地层学、层序地层学、油气地质学，沉积体系分析多种理论相结合。以构造活动对沉积、层序及油气聚集的控制作用研究为主线，分析了研究区断层体系特征及其活动性，建立了研究区目的层段的层序地层格架，并针对南堡凹陷东营组沉积体系类型及其演化规律进行了系统分析，对比分析了研究区的层序地层结构特征，归纳了研究区在构造控制下的层序、沉积发育和油气成藏模式，最终实现构造-层序-沉积-成藏一体化研究的思路，并指出南堡凹陷东营组勘探的有利目标区域。
论文主要内容包括如下几个部分：
第一章主要讨论了论文选题的目的与意义，总结了构造地层学、陆相层序地层学以及石油地质学国内外研究现状和前沿，结合构造-层序和构造-沉积这一国际盆地分析技术热点，提出了构造-层序-沉积-成藏一体化研究的思路。并结合南堡凹陷勘探研究现状，和地震、地质等资料情况论证了在南堡凹陷开展构造层序地层研究的可行性和重要意义，并介绍了论文的研究思路。总体上，断层体系特征及其活动性研究是研究断层对层序构成样式、沉积及油气聚集的控制的基础，而层序地层研究是沉积体系分析的前提，正确地识别各级层序地层界面、建立高精度层序地层格架是本文研究的重要内容，精细对比不同单元的层序、沉积发育特征、厘定沉积—层序与断层活动响应关系、探讨油气聚集与幕式主干断层活动之间的响应关系是本文研究的最终目标。本研究拟采取层序地层学“点—线—面—体—时”和断陷盆地“断层活动—层序—沉积—油气聚集”相结合的研究方法。
第二章介绍了南堡凹陷的基本地质概况，南堡凹陷是位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部的一个中新生代盆地，属于渤海湾盆地中油气资源丰富的小型凹陷。该凹陷东北部以柏各庄控盆断层为界与柏各庄凸起、马头营凸起毗邻；西北部以西南庄控盆断层为界与西南庄、王老庄凸起为邻；南部缓坡与沙垒田凸起呈超覆关系。该凹陷内总的构造格局呈NNE向，面积约1932km~2。南堡凹陷古近系经历了4幕构造运动，东营组层序对应着4幕构造运动中的最后一幕，处于凹陷的断坳转换阶段，储层发育，具有十分重要的勘探意义。
第三章对南堡凹陷的构造特征进行了分析，在认识南堡凹陷是一个北断南超的典型箕状断陷湖盆的基础上，将盆地结构总体划分为北部凸起带、北部断控陡坡带(西南庄断层和柏各庄断层下降盘)、中央背斜构造带(南堡2、3、4号构造带)和南部缓坡带。并对南堡凹陷主要断裂进行了分级和活动性研究，将凹陷内的断裂可以划分为3个级别，其中控凹断裂西南庄断层和柏各庄断层为一级断裂、高柳断裂、南堡1号断裂、南堡2号断裂、南堡3号断裂、南堡4号断裂等控次凹断裂；与主干断裂同生的次级调节断裂及新构造运动形成的断裂为三级断裂。此外，对主干断裂西南庄断层和柏各庄断层以及高柳断层进行了断层活动性研究，西南庄断层具有明显的分段性，可以划分为3段，其中东段最早发育与柏各庄断层共同控制南堡凹陷早期的沉降中心；中段和西段后期活动强烈，在西段形成了南堡5号滚动背斜构造带，而中段与东段交界处形成老爷庙横向背斜构造。老爷庙横向背斜的定型期为Ed期，这与高柳断层在该时期的强烈活动将西南庄断层东段分割为两部分活动，导致中段和东段两个快速沉降带夹持密不可分；柏各庄断层的分段性活动不明显，直至高柳断裂发育才导致其沉降表现为南北两个部分不同的特征；综合西南庄断层和柏各庄断层的活动性研究以及相关地质特征的分析，确定了南堡凹陷以西南庄断层伸展活动为主，柏各庄断层左旋走滑调整为辅的盆地形成机制。
第四章主要研究构造对层序地层格架的控制作用，首先建立起了全区的古近系层序地层格架，并对东营组进行最大洪泛面的识别追踪。采取地震层序、钻井层序研究相结合，在研究层段充填沉积中可识别出12条主要的等时界面，其中一级层序—层序组界面2个，二级层序—层序组界面3条，三级层序—层序组界面3条，最大洪泛面4个，其中：①识别一级层序—层序组界面2个：Es35底界面、Ng底界面；②识别二级层序—层序组界面3个：Es33底界面、Es1底界面、Ed3底界面；③识别三级层序—层序界面3个：Ed3上底界面、Ed2底界面、Ed1底界面；④识别东营组三级层序内部的最大洪泛面4个：Ed3下mfs、Ed3上mfs、Ed2mfs、Ed1mfs。并在此基础上，将东营组层序可以划分为3种不同的层序地层格架样式，它们是在控凹断裂和凹陷内二级断裂的差异性活动下形成的，对层序的形成和内部充填有着不同的控制作用：①东部层序地层格架样式，主要包括高柳构造带和南堡4号构造带。整个格架受控于西南庄断层或柏各庄断层与高柳断层形成的断阶构造样式。最显著的特征是由于高柳断层在东营组层序发育期的强烈活动引起高柳断层上升盘的强烈翘倾而导致高柳地区形成一个孤立湖盆，独立接收沉积并最后充填。整个东部地区的物源主要来源于侧翼的柏各庄断层。②中部层序地层格架样式，主要包括老爷庙构造带、林雀次凹和南堡2号构造带。物源主要来源于南北两个方向，在东营组发育期北部扇三角洲十分发育，而南部的辫状河三角洲沉积发育规模也较大，一直延伸到南堡2号构造带附近。③西部层序地层格架样式，主要包括南堡5号构造带和南堡2号构造带，在南堡5号构造带发育大量的反向调节断层，物源主要从西部缓坡带侧向供应为主；而南部物源一直延伸到南堡1号构造带附近。综合分析南堡凹陷东营组层序地层结构，建立了东营组层序构成样式，认为南堡凹陷层序地层的形成主要是受到构造坡折带的控制作用，在南堡凹陷主要发育3种构造坡折带类型，分别是断坡带、枢纽带和断弯带。①南堡凹陷的断坡带按照断裂坡折带分布的部位可以分为陡坡断裂坡折带和缓坡断裂坡折带，前者主要是南堡凹陷北部边界西南庄断层和柏各庄断层，以及东营组层序发育中后期高柳断层控制下形成的；后者主要是南堡凹陷南部缓坡带的坡折类型。根据控制坡折带的断层组合样式的不同，又可将陡坡断裂坡折带划分为单阶式断裂坡折带和多阶式断裂坡折带。单阶式断裂坡折带主要是指东营组层序发育中后期高柳断层控制部位，或西南庄断层和柏各庄断层未发育调节断层的部位；多阶式坡折带主要是控凹断裂和内部调节断层共同控制的部位(如老爷庙构造带)。②弯折带是由于沿半地堑式盆地陡坡带的控凹铲式正断层滑动导致断层上盘(缓坡带)弯折变换使沉积斜坡坡度发生明显变化的地带，用于描述盆地级别的箕状断陷控制模式，而断弯带是由于变形距离较近，铲式断层活动时，枢纽变形位置变形强烈并形成破裂形成断层，并造成地貌上的差异。南堡凹陷南堡5号构造带发育于西南庄断层西段下降盘，整体为一个滚动背斜，由于西南庄断层西段的强烈活动且变形受到南堡1号构造带的限制，从而发育了断弯型坡折带。这种坡折带形成两个可容纳空间增加位置，一个受西南庄断层直接控制，另一个是受到由调节断层即南堡5号断层下降盘控制的可容纳空间。③南堡凹陷东营裂陷幕初期(即Ed3x层序发育期)，由于高柳断层上升盘的强烈翘倾作用，在高柳地区形成枢纽型构造坡折带。至Ed3s层序发育期，在该区域形成孤立湖盆，成为典型的枢纽型构造坡折带。尤为特殊的是，缓坡区暴露区域较小，剥蚀形成的物源较微弱。由于孤立湖盆没有水源的补给，蒸发量大。在较短时间内孤立湖盆迅速充填。至Ed2层序发育期，高柳断层上升盘已经基本充填完全，高柳断层在这一时期成为东营组的控边断裂。
第五章主要研究构造对东营组各三级层序内部沉积体系的控制分析，首先通过岩芯观察和钻井岩性测井曲线资料，结合地震相的分析，确定了南堡凹陷东营组主要发育扇三角洲体系-滑塌浊积扇体系、辫状三角洲体系和河流三角洲体系等碎屑沉积体系类型以及湖泊体系，其中扇三角洲体系划分为(常规)扇三角洲体系和近岸水下扇体系。并应用断层分段活动性分析、岩石矿物分析结合岩心、测井和录井资料、编制的砂体百分含量图和厚度图以及地震属性分析等手段方法，确认南堡凹陷的5个主要物源方向，分别是西部的涧南方向物源、北部的黑沿子方向物源、落潮湾方向物源、东部的马头营凸起物源和南部的沙垒田凸起方向物源。这些物源大部分具有继承性，东营组各期物源基本保持一致，南堡5号构造带、老爷庙构造带，高柳构造带等都是砂分散体系进入南堡凹陷并堆积的主要部位。再此基础上建立了东营组各三级层序的沉积体系，并分析了这些沉积体系的垂向演化规律：整个东营组4个三级层序沉积体系的发育受到幕式构造活动的强烈控制，即裂陷幕活动由强变弱的过程对应着发育着东营组四周扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲不断向凹陷中心推进，湖盆范围不断萎缩的过程。构造对砂体的控制作用表现为断裂剖面组合样式对砂体的控制和断裂平面组合样式对砂体的控制：根据边界断层、内部结构、平面展布、构造位置、发育演化阶段等特点，可将南堡凹陷的坡折带继续划分为断崖型、断坡型、同向断阶型、反向断阶型四类断裂剖面组合样式，控制着砂体堆积和展布。而平面上可划分出四种断裂平面组合样式：调节带、横向背斜、帚状断裂组合和梳状断裂组合，控制着砂分散体系的展布。
第六章主要研究构造对东营组油气成藏的控制分析，构造控制着南堡凹陷含油气系统的各个要素：①幕式构造运动控制着生储盖组合；②主干断层活动控制着沉降中心的分布；③构造运动控制着圈闭形成和演化；④构造控制着油气疏导体系；⑤构造控制着油气运移；并以此为基础，分析了老爷庙构造带、南堡2号构造带、南堡4号构造带典型油气藏成藏模式，进而对东营组层序含油气有利区带进行了预测，指出南堡2-3号构造带具有双向供源的可靠油源条件，可作为近期油气勘探的重点，而由于新构造运动在柏各庄下降盘形成的微幅构造极有可能成为该部位油气勘探的突破点。
本论文的创新性主要表现在：
1通过对主干断裂西南庄断裂和柏各庄断裂活动性研究，总结了西南庄断裂的分段活动性特点以及对物源体系和砂分散体系的控制作用，并藉此分析了老爷庙横向背斜和南堡5号滚动背斜构造带的形成机理。
2．在建立高精度层序地层格架的基础上，划分了南堡凹陷东营组典型层序构成样式，并划分出3类构造坡折带：断坡带、枢纽带和断弯带。特别通过对高柳断层活动性分析以及层序界面的精细解释，指出了在东营组层序发育早期高柳断层的翘倾作用，进而提出高柳地区在特定时期存在孤立湖盆的观点。
3．以体系域为基本单位，进行沉积体系的研究，通过构造与沉积分析认为西南庄断裂属于伸展性断裂，其物源入口具有继承性特点，主要是西南庄断裂早期各分段断层最后连接的部位；而柏各庄断层主要是通过左旋走滑运动调整西南庄断层伸展形成的位移。
On the basis of plentiful geological data, cores, log data and high-resolution 3D seismic data, the theories of tectostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, oil and gas geology, and depositional system analysis were used synthetically. Through studying the tectonic controls on deposition, sequence and hydrocarbon accumulation, the fault system and their activities in the work area were researched; the sequence stratigraphic framework was built; the type of depositional system and its evolutionary rule of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag were analyzed systematically; the characteristics of the sequence structures were studied; the development patterns of sequence, deposition and oil and gas accumulation models controlled by faults activity were summed up; the point of view of integrative researching thought, structure - sequence - deposition - accumulation, was finally achieved; the exploratory beneficial target area of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag were pointed out.
The paper is composed of the following parts:
The first chapter was made up of by the aim and significance of this research. The research actualities of tectostratigraphy, continental sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology home and abroad were summarized, combined with structure-sequence and structure-deposition analysis, the point of view of integrative researching structure - sequence - deposition - accumulation was achieved. The feasibility and important meaning of the research on the tectonic sequence stratigraphy in Nanpu Sag were proved. As a whole, the study of fault system features and their activities were based on the study of fault controls on sequence structures, deposition and oil and gas accumulation; while the research of sequence stratigraphy is the prerequisite of the analysis of depositional system, identifying the sequence boundaries and building the high precision sequence stratigraphic framework played an important role in this thesis, comparing the different sequence and depositional development, studying the relations between fault activities and deposition-sequence, researching the episodic trunk fault activities and its response to oil and gas accumulation were the final aim. The method of "point-line-surface-body-time" in sequence stratigraphy and the research means of "faulted activity-sequence-deposition-oil and gas accumulation" in faulted basin were combined in this paper.
The second chapter introduces the basic geological settings of Nanpu Sag. Nanpu Sag, a meso-cenozoic basin, is located in northern Huanghua Depression of Bohaiwan Basin. It is the kind of sag that is small but rich in hydrocarbon in Bohaiwan Basin. Nanpu Sag is adjacent to Baigezhuang Uplift and Matouying Uplift with Baigezhuang basin-controlling fault as the boundary in the northeast; it is near to Xi'nanzhuang and Wanglaozhuang Uplift with Xi'nanzhuang basin-controlling fault in the northwest; and its northern gentle slope overlapped to the Shaleitian Uplift. The whole tectonic pattern of the sag is of NNE, and about 1932km2. Nanpu Sag had undergone 4 stages of tectonic movement in Paleogene. The sequence of Dongying Formation is corresponding to the last stage of the four. It was in the transition period from faulted subsidence to depression, and with developed reservoirs. Therefore, it is of significant exploration meaning.
The third chapter analyzes the tectonic features of Nanpu Sag. Based on the recognition of Nanpu Sag as a typical half-graben like rift lake basin, faulted in the north and overlapped in the south, the sag is divided into four parts, which are, northern uplift zone, northern fault-controlling steep zone (downthrown sides of Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault), central anticline tectonic belt (Nanpu-1, Nanpu-2, Nanpu-3, Nanpu-4 tectonic belts), and southern slope zone. The classification and activity studies have been done on the main faults of Nanpu Sag. The faults within the sag can be divided into 3 levels. Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, the sag-controlling faults, are the first grade faults; Gao-Liu fault, Nanpu-1 fault, Nanpu-2 fault, Nanpu-3 fault, Nanpu-4 fault etc, are subsag-controlling fault; the adjusting faults contemporaneous with the main faults and faults formed by the Neotectonic movement are the third grade faults. In addition, from the fault activity study on the main faults of Xi'nanzhaung fault, Baigezhuang fault, and Gao-Liu fault, it can be concluded that Xi'nanzhuang fault is of obvious segmentation, and can be divided into 3 parts, among which the east part developed the earliest and controlled the subsidence center of the sag together with Baigezhuang fault; the middle and the west part were of intense activity, and formed Nanpu-5 rolling anticline tectonic belt, and formed Laoyemiao transverse anticline. Ed1 period is the forming period of Laoyemiao transverse anticline, which is closely related to the Edl intense activity of Gao-Liu fault split the eastern part of Xi'nanzhuang fault into two, leading to the form of the uplift by the middle and the eastern rapid subsidence zones. Baigezhuang fault has no obvious segmentation, which showed two different subsidence features in the south and the north until the development of Gao-Liu fault; combining with the activity study on Xi'nanzhuang and Baigezhuang fault and the analysis of related geological features, it determines that the formation mechanism of Nanpu Sag takes the extension activity of Xi'nanzhuang fault the dominant part and sinistral strike-slip adjusting of Baigezhuang fault as subsidiary.
The fourth chapter mainly studies on the controlling of tectonism on sequence stratigraphic framework. First, build the Paleogene sequence stratigraphic framework of the whole research area, and identify and trace the maximum flooding surface of Dongying Formation. Combining with seismic and drilling sequence, 12 main isochronic boundaries have been identified in the filling sedimentation of the research section, with 2 first-order sequence sets boundaries, 3 second-order sequence sets boundaries, 3 third-order sequence boundaries, 4 maximum flooding surfaces. (1) 2 identified first-order sequence sets boundaries: bottom boundaries of Es_3~5 and Ng; (2) 3 identified second-order sequence sets boundaries: bottom boundaries of Es_3~3, Es_1, and Ed_3; (3) 3 identified third-order sequence boundaries: (4) 4 identified maximum flooding surfaces within third-order sequence of Dongying Formation: Ed_3~xmfs, Ed_3~smfs, Ed_2mfs, Ed_1mfs. Based on this identification, the sequence of Dongying Formation can be divided into 3 different kinds of sequence stratigraphic frameworks, which are formed by the differential activities of sag-controlling faults and second-order faults within the sag. They have different control effects on sequence formation and filling: (1) the eastern sequence stratigraphic framework, mainly include Gao-Liu tectonic belt and Nanpu-4 tectonic belt. The whole framework was under the control of the structural styles of fault terrace formed by Xi'nanzhuang or Baigezhuang fault and Gao-Liu fault. The most remarkable feature is that because of the intense activity of Gao-Liu fault in Dongying Formation period, the uplifted side of Gao-Liu fault went upwards intensely, thus formed an isolated lake basin in Gao-Liu area and deposited and filled separately. The source of all of the eastern area came from the lateral Baigezhuang fault. (2) The middle sequence stratigraphic framework styles, mainly includes Laoyemiao tectonic belt, Linque sub-sag, and Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. The source mainly came from the south and north. In Dongying Formation period, fan delta was well developed in the north, and braided delta was also of large scale in the south, extending all the way to the Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. (3) The eastern sequence stratigraphic framework styles, mainly includes Nanpu-5 tectonic belt and Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. There were large amounts of reverse adjusting faults developed in Nanpu-5 tectonic belt. The source mainly came from the western slope zone as a lateral supply, and the south provenance extended all the way to Nanpu-1 tectonic belt. By comprehensive analysis of the sequence stratigraphic structure of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag, we build the sequence structural style of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag. It is believed that the sequence stratigraphic formation of Nanpu Sag was mainly under the control of tectonic slope-break zone. In the sag, 3 kinds of tectonic slope-break zone were developed, such as fault break zone, hinge zone, and fault bend zone.
①According to the location of faulted slope break belts distributed in Nanpu Sag, faulted slope break belts can be classified into steep faulted slope break belts and gentle faulted slope break belts. The former are the northern border of Nanpu Sag, they are Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, as well as the development of Dongying Formation sequence in the latter half under the control of Gao-Liu fault; the latter mainly in the southern slope of Nanpu Sag, are gentle faulted slope break belts. On the basis of the differences of faults complex style which controls the development of slope break belts, steep faulted slope break belts can be classified into single-step-type faulted slope break belts and multiple-steps-type faulted slope break belts. Single-step-type faulted slope break belts mainly refer to the position under the control of Gao-Liu fault developed in the middle and late Dongying Formation sequence, or the position of Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault where haven't developed adjusting fault; Multiple-steps-type faulted slope break belts refer to the parts under the control of the faults which control the deposition of the whole Nanpu Sag and endoadaptation faults(e.g. Laoyemiao structural zone). ?Bucking Slope break belts are the parts where the deposition slope have significant changes in its slope gradient because of the sliding motion along with the shovel like normal faults which control the deposition of half-graben basin leading to bucking transformation of upper wall (gentle slope belt), using in describing control mode of dustpan fault depression on basin level. While the deformation of fault bend belts is in short distance, when the shovel like normal faults are activated, intensive deformation of deformational position of the hinge result in fracture consequently fault, reflecting on the differences in landform. Nanpu fault V developed in the western part in thrown wall of Xi'nanzhuang fault, considering as a rolling anticline on a whole. Because of intensive activity of western part of Xi'nanzhuang fault and the limitation of Nanpu fault I, sequentially result in the development of faulted-bend-type slope break belts. There are two positions of accommodation Space increased, both are formed because of this kind of slope break belts, one is under the control of Xi'nanzhuang fault, another is under the control of adjusting fault viz. the thrown wall of Nanpu fault V. (3)In the early of chasmic stage of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag (namely in developmental phase of Ed3x sequence), because of the intensive warped effect of the uplifted wall of Gao-Liu fault, hinge-type structural slope break belts are formed in Gao-Liu area. In the developmental phase of Ed3s sequence, under the affection of the structural slope break belts, Gao-Liu area become a insulated lake basin, and the slope break belts become a typical hinge-type structural slope break belts. Especially, the scope of exposure area is smaller, provenance offered by denudation process is feeble. As a insulated lake basin, lacking of supply of water, as while as large evaporation, this insulated lake basin was filled rapidly in a short time relatively. Till the developmental phase of Ed2 sequence, the uplifted wall of Gao-Liu fault has already filled basically, Gao-Liu fault become one of the faults which controlled the border of Nanpu Sag of Dongying Formation in this period.
The fifth chapter is mainly about tectonic control to sedimentary system of every third-order sequences internal in Dongying Formation. Firstly, the cores observation and drilling lithology logging curve data were used and then connected to the analysis of seismic faces, it could be sure that clastic sedimentary system ,such as fan delta system-slump turbidities fan system, braided delta system and river delta, and so on, were mainly developed in Nanpu Sag. Its fan delta system could be branched out into (normal) fan delta system and nearshore subaquences fan system. Then through researching fault piecewise activity, analyzing rocks and mineral based on cores, logging data, compiled of sand body percentage content maps, thickness maps and seismic attribute analysis, five main source directions are confirmed in Nanpu Sag. They are respectively Jiannan source coming from west, Heiyanzi source and Luochaowan source coming from north, Matouying salient source coming from east, Shaleitian salient source coming from south. They all keeps inherited developing during different periods, sources of Dongying Formation keeps unchanged in each stage. Nanpu-5 tectonic belt, Laoyemiao tectonic belt and Gao-Liu tectonic belt, they are main entrances of sandbody distributed systems and are also accumulated in Nanpu Sag. On the basis of all of these, each third-order sequence sedimentary system of Dongying Formation is built, and vertical evolution rules are analyzed: the development of all the four third-order sequences sedimentary system are controlled by episodic tectonic movement, rifting episodic activity changed from strong to weak corresponds to processes of the development of fan delta and braided delta of Dongying Formation pushing into the sag centre while the range of lake atrophy continuously. The control effect of tectonics to sandbody is showed as fracture profile combination style control to sandbody and fracture plane combination style control to sandbody: According to characteristics of boundary faults, internal structures, planar distribution, structural situation, development evolution stage etc. features. The slope break types of Nanpu Sag are divided into four types of fracture profile combination styles: palisade type, ramp type, co-rotating fault terrace type, reversed fault terrace type, the distribution and accumulation of sandbody are controlled. It can be divided into four types of fracture plane combination styles to control the distribution of sand distributed system: accommodation zone, transverse anticlines, broom fracture combination and comb fracture combination.
Chapter Six is the last part of this thesis, the controlling of fault to the formation of the oil and gas reservoir in Dongying Formation is studied. Actually almost all of key elements of petroleum system in Nanpu Sag are controlled by faults and their activities. Firstly, source-reservoir-cap rocks assemblages are determined by episodic tectonic movements controlled. Secondly, the distribution of the subsidence centers are controlled by activity of trunk faults. Thirdly, the formation and evolution of traps are also controlled by faults activity controlled. Fourthly, hydrocarbon migration pathways are controlled faults activity. At last, the migration ways of oil and gas are controlled by it. On the base of all of these, the hydrocarbon reservoir models of Laoyemiao, Nanpu-2, Nanpu-4 tectonic belts are analyzed. Then, the favorable zones for gas and oil in Dongying Formation are predicted, it is pointed out that Nanpu-2 and Nanpu-3 tectonic belts could be looked as the key of oil and gas exploration recently for its reliable bi-direction oil resource. While micro-amplitude structures which were formed by the neotectonic movement and located in the thrown side of Baigezhuang fault could be taken the new exploration breakthrough in this area.
Innovations of the thesis are as follows:
1. According to analyzing on activity of trunk faults such as Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, the characters of the segmented activity of Xi'nanzhuang fault and its controlling to sources system and sand body dispersion system are researched. On the base of this, forming mechanism of Laoyemiao transverse anticline and Nanpu-5 tectonic zone are sured.
2. On the base of establishing high-accuracy stratigraphic sequence, typical sequence forming styles of Dongying Formation of Nanpu Sag was analyzed and they could be divided into three tectonic slope breaks: fault ramp zone, joint terminal zone and broken-bending zone. Specially through analyzing on activity of Gao-Liu fault and subtly interpretation of 3-order sequences, it was put forward that Gao-Liu area became a isolated lake basin during some period because the poured out effects of Gao-Liu fault in the early period of Dongying formation.
3. Taking system tracts as basic units, the depositional system of Dongying sag of Nanpu Sag is studied. It is provided that the source entrances in Xi'nanzhuang fault is inherited during the different periods for Xi'nanzhuang fault is a extensive fault. While Baigezhuang fault needed to adjust the Xi'nanzhuang fault's displacement through sinistral slip activity.
论文主要内容包括如下几个部分：
第一章主要讨论了论文选题的目的与意义，总结了构造地层学、陆相层序地层学以及石油地质学国内外研究现状和前沿，结合构造-层序和构造-沉积这一国际盆地分析技术热点，提出了构造-层序-沉积-成藏一体化研究的思路。并结合南堡凹陷勘探研究现状，和地震、地质等资料情况论证了在南堡凹陷开展构造层序地层研究的可行性和重要意义，并介绍了论文的研究思路。总体上，断层体系特征及其活动性研究是研究断层对层序构成样式、沉积及油气聚集的控制的基础，而层序地层研究是沉积体系分析的前提，正确地识别各级层序地层界面、建立高精度层序地层格架是本文研究的重要内容，精细对比不同单元的层序、沉积发育特征、厘定沉积—层序与断层活动响应关系、探讨油气聚集与幕式主干断层活动之间的响应关系是本文研究的最终目标。本研究拟采取层序地层学“点—线—面—体—时”和断陷盆地“断层活动—层序—沉积—油气聚集”相结合的研究方法。
第二章介绍了南堡凹陷的基本地质概况，南堡凹陷是位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部的一个中新生代盆地，属于渤海湾盆地中油气资源丰富的小型凹陷。该凹陷东北部以柏各庄控盆断层为界与柏各庄凸起、马头营凸起毗邻；西北部以西南庄控盆断层为界与西南庄、王老庄凸起为邻；南部缓坡与沙垒田凸起呈超覆关系。该凹陷内总的构造格局呈NNE向，面积约1932km~2。南堡凹陷古近系经历了4幕构造运动，东营组层序对应着4幕构造运动中的最后一幕，处于凹陷的断坳转换阶段，储层发育，具有十分重要的勘探意义。
第三章对南堡凹陷的构造特征进行了分析，在认识南堡凹陷是一个北断南超的典型箕状断陷湖盆的基础上，将盆地结构总体划分为北部凸起带、北部断控陡坡带(西南庄断层和柏各庄断层下降盘)、中央背斜构造带(南堡2、3、4号构造带)和南部缓坡带。并对南堡凹陷主要断裂进行了分级和活动性研究，将凹陷内的断裂可以划分为3个级别，其中控凹断裂西南庄断层和柏各庄断层为一级断裂、高柳断裂、南堡1号断裂、南堡2号断裂、南堡3号断裂、南堡4号断裂等控次凹断裂；与主干断裂同生的次级调节断裂及新构造运动形成的断裂为三级断裂。此外，对主干断裂西南庄断层和柏各庄断层以及高柳断层进行了断层活动性研究，西南庄断层具有明显的分段性，可以划分为3段，其中东段最早发育与柏各庄断层共同控制南堡凹陷早期的沉降中心；中段和西段后期活动强烈，在西段形成了南堡5号滚动背斜构造带，而中段与东段交界处形成老爷庙横向背斜构造。老爷庙横向背斜的定型期为Ed期，这与高柳断层在该时期的强烈活动将西南庄断层东段分割为两部分活动，导致中段和东段两个快速沉降带夹持密不可分；柏各庄断层的分段性活动不明显，直至高柳断裂发育才导致其沉降表现为南北两个部分不同的特征；综合西南庄断层和柏各庄断层的活动性研究以及相关地质特征的分析，确定了南堡凹陷以西南庄断层伸展活动为主，柏各庄断层左旋走滑调整为辅的盆地形成机制。
第四章主要研究构造对层序地层格架的控制作用，首先建立起了全区的古近系层序地层格架，并对东营组进行最大洪泛面的识别追踪。采取地震层序、钻井层序研究相结合，在研究层段充填沉积中可识别出12条主要的等时界面，其中一级层序—层序组界面2个，二级层序—层序组界面3条，三级层序—层序组界面3条，最大洪泛面4个，其中：①识别一级层序—层序组界面2个：Es35底界面、Ng底界面；②识别二级层序—层序组界面3个：Es33底界面、Es1底界面、Ed3底界面；③识别三级层序—层序界面3个：Ed3上底界面、Ed2底界面、Ed1底界面；④识别东营组三级层序内部的最大洪泛面4个：Ed3下mfs、Ed3上mfs、Ed2mfs、Ed1mfs。并在此基础上，将东营组层序可以划分为3种不同的层序地层格架样式，它们是在控凹断裂和凹陷内二级断裂的差异性活动下形成的，对层序的形成和内部充填有着不同的控制作用：①东部层序地层格架样式，主要包括高柳构造带和南堡4号构造带。整个格架受控于西南庄断层或柏各庄断层与高柳断层形成的断阶构造样式。最显著的特征是由于高柳断层在东营组层序发育期的强烈活动引起高柳断层上升盘的强烈翘倾而导致高柳地区形成一个孤立湖盆，独立接收沉积并最后充填。整个东部地区的物源主要来源于侧翼的柏各庄断层。②中部层序地层格架样式，主要包括老爷庙构造带、林雀次凹和南堡2号构造带。物源主要来源于南北两个方向，在东营组发育期北部扇三角洲十分发育，而南部的辫状河三角洲沉积发育规模也较大，一直延伸到南堡2号构造带附近。③西部层序地层格架样式，主要包括南堡5号构造带和南堡2号构造带，在南堡5号构造带发育大量的反向调节断层，物源主要从西部缓坡带侧向供应为主；而南部物源一直延伸到南堡1号构造带附近。综合分析南堡凹陷东营组层序地层结构，建立了东营组层序构成样式，认为南堡凹陷层序地层的形成主要是受到构造坡折带的控制作用，在南堡凹陷主要发育3种构造坡折带类型，分别是断坡带、枢纽带和断弯带。①南堡凹陷的断坡带按照断裂坡折带分布的部位可以分为陡坡断裂坡折带和缓坡断裂坡折带，前者主要是南堡凹陷北部边界西南庄断层和柏各庄断层，以及东营组层序发育中后期高柳断层控制下形成的；后者主要是南堡凹陷南部缓坡带的坡折类型。根据控制坡折带的断层组合样式的不同，又可将陡坡断裂坡折带划分为单阶式断裂坡折带和多阶式断裂坡折带。单阶式断裂坡折带主要是指东营组层序发育中后期高柳断层控制部位，或西南庄断层和柏各庄断层未发育调节断层的部位；多阶式坡折带主要是控凹断裂和内部调节断层共同控制的部位(如老爷庙构造带)。②弯折带是由于沿半地堑式盆地陡坡带的控凹铲式正断层滑动导致断层上盘(缓坡带)弯折变换使沉积斜坡坡度发生明显变化的地带，用于描述盆地级别的箕状断陷控制模式，而断弯带是由于变形距离较近，铲式断层活动时，枢纽变形位置变形强烈并形成破裂形成断层，并造成地貌上的差异。南堡凹陷南堡5号构造带发育于西南庄断层西段下降盘，整体为一个滚动背斜，由于西南庄断层西段的强烈活动且变形受到南堡1号构造带的限制，从而发育了断弯型坡折带。这种坡折带形成两个可容纳空间增加位置，一个受西南庄断层直接控制，另一个是受到由调节断层即南堡5号断层下降盘控制的可容纳空间。③南堡凹陷东营裂陷幕初期(即Ed3x层序发育期)，由于高柳断层上升盘的强烈翘倾作用，在高柳地区形成枢纽型构造坡折带。至Ed3s层序发育期，在该区域形成孤立湖盆，成为典型的枢纽型构造坡折带。尤为特殊的是，缓坡区暴露区域较小，剥蚀形成的物源较微弱。由于孤立湖盆没有水源的补给，蒸发量大。在较短时间内孤立湖盆迅速充填。至Ed2层序发育期，高柳断层上升盘已经基本充填完全，高柳断层在这一时期成为东营组的控边断裂。
第五章主要研究构造对东营组各三级层序内部沉积体系的控制分析，首先通过岩芯观察和钻井岩性测井曲线资料，结合地震相的分析，确定了南堡凹陷东营组主要发育扇三角洲体系-滑塌浊积扇体系、辫状三角洲体系和河流三角洲体系等碎屑沉积体系类型以及湖泊体系，其中扇三角洲体系划分为(常规)扇三角洲体系和近岸水下扇体系。并应用断层分段活动性分析、岩石矿物分析结合岩心、测井和录井资料、编制的砂体百分含量图和厚度图以及地震属性分析等手段方法，确认南堡凹陷的5个主要物源方向，分别是西部的涧南方向物源、北部的黑沿子方向物源、落潮湾方向物源、东部的马头营凸起物源和南部的沙垒田凸起方向物源。这些物源大部分具有继承性，东营组各期物源基本保持一致，南堡5号构造带、老爷庙构造带，高柳构造带等都是砂分散体系进入南堡凹陷并堆积的主要部位。再此基础上建立了东营组各三级层序的沉积体系，并分析了这些沉积体系的垂向演化规律：整个东营组4个三级层序沉积体系的发育受到幕式构造活动的强烈控制，即裂陷幕活动由强变弱的过程对应着发育着东营组四周扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲不断向凹陷中心推进，湖盆范围不断萎缩的过程。构造对砂体的控制作用表现为断裂剖面组合样式对砂体的控制和断裂平面组合样式对砂体的控制：根据边界断层、内部结构、平面展布、构造位置、发育演化阶段等特点，可将南堡凹陷的坡折带继续划分为断崖型、断坡型、同向断阶型、反向断阶型四类断裂剖面组合样式，控制着砂体堆积和展布。而平面上可划分出四种断裂平面组合样式：调节带、横向背斜、帚状断裂组合和梳状断裂组合，控制着砂分散体系的展布。
第六章主要研究构造对东营组油气成藏的控制分析，构造控制着南堡凹陷含油气系统的各个要素：①幕式构造运动控制着生储盖组合；②主干断层活动控制着沉降中心的分布；③构造运动控制着圈闭形成和演化；④构造控制着油气疏导体系；⑤构造控制着油气运移；并以此为基础，分析了老爷庙构造带、南堡2号构造带、南堡4号构造带典型油气藏成藏模式，进而对东营组层序含油气有利区带进行了预测，指出南堡2-3号构造带具有双向供源的可靠油源条件，可作为近期油气勘探的重点，而由于新构造运动在柏各庄下降盘形成的微幅构造极有可能成为该部位油气勘探的突破点。
本论文的创新性主要表现在：
1通过对主干断裂西南庄断裂和柏各庄断裂活动性研究，总结了西南庄断裂的分段活动性特点以及对物源体系和砂分散体系的控制作用，并藉此分析了老爷庙横向背斜和南堡5号滚动背斜构造带的形成机理。
2．在建立高精度层序地层格架的基础上，划分了南堡凹陷东营组典型层序构成样式，并划分出3类构造坡折带：断坡带、枢纽带和断弯带。特别通过对高柳断层活动性分析以及层序界面的精细解释，指出了在东营组层序发育早期高柳断层的翘倾作用，进而提出高柳地区在特定时期存在孤立湖盆的观点。
3．以体系域为基本单位，进行沉积体系的研究，通过构造与沉积分析认为西南庄断裂属于伸展性断裂，其物源入口具有继承性特点，主要是西南庄断裂早期各分段断层最后连接的部位；而柏各庄断层主要是通过左旋走滑运动调整西南庄断层伸展形成的位移。
On the basis of plentiful geological data, cores, log data and high-resolution 3D seismic data, the theories of tectostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, oil and gas geology, and depositional system analysis were used synthetically. Through studying the tectonic controls on deposition, sequence and hydrocarbon accumulation, the fault system and their activities in the work area were researched; the sequence stratigraphic framework was built; the type of depositional system and its evolutionary rule of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag were analyzed systematically; the characteristics of the sequence structures were studied; the development patterns of sequence, deposition and oil and gas accumulation models controlled by faults activity were summed up; the point of view of integrative researching thought, structure - sequence - deposition - accumulation, was finally achieved; the exploratory beneficial target area of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag were pointed out.
The paper is composed of the following parts:
The first chapter was made up of by the aim and significance of this research. The research actualities of tectostratigraphy, continental sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology home and abroad were summarized, combined with structure-sequence and structure-deposition analysis, the point of view of integrative researching structure - sequence - deposition - accumulation was achieved. The feasibility and important meaning of the research on the tectonic sequence stratigraphy in Nanpu Sag were proved. As a whole, the study of fault system features and their activities were based on the study of fault controls on sequence structures, deposition and oil and gas accumulation; while the research of sequence stratigraphy is the prerequisite of the analysis of depositional system, identifying the sequence boundaries and building the high precision sequence stratigraphic framework played an important role in this thesis, comparing the different sequence and depositional development, studying the relations between fault activities and deposition-sequence, researching the episodic trunk fault activities and its response to oil and gas accumulation were the final aim. The method of "point-line-surface-body-time" in sequence stratigraphy and the research means of "faulted activity-sequence-deposition-oil and gas accumulation" in faulted basin were combined in this paper.
The second chapter introduces the basic geological settings of Nanpu Sag. Nanpu Sag, a meso-cenozoic basin, is located in northern Huanghua Depression of Bohaiwan Basin. It is the kind of sag that is small but rich in hydrocarbon in Bohaiwan Basin. Nanpu Sag is adjacent to Baigezhuang Uplift and Matouying Uplift with Baigezhuang basin-controlling fault as the boundary in the northeast; it is near to Xi'nanzhuang and Wanglaozhuang Uplift with Xi'nanzhuang basin-controlling fault in the northwest; and its northern gentle slope overlapped to the Shaleitian Uplift. The whole tectonic pattern of the sag is of NNE, and about 1932km2. Nanpu Sag had undergone 4 stages of tectonic movement in Paleogene. The sequence of Dongying Formation is corresponding to the last stage of the four. It was in the transition period from faulted subsidence to depression, and with developed reservoirs. Therefore, it is of significant exploration meaning.
The third chapter analyzes the tectonic features of Nanpu Sag. Based on the recognition of Nanpu Sag as a typical half-graben like rift lake basin, faulted in the north and overlapped in the south, the sag is divided into four parts, which are, northern uplift zone, northern fault-controlling steep zone (downthrown sides of Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault), central anticline tectonic belt (Nanpu-1, Nanpu-2, Nanpu-3, Nanpu-4 tectonic belts), and southern slope zone. The classification and activity studies have been done on the main faults of Nanpu Sag. The faults within the sag can be divided into 3 levels. Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, the sag-controlling faults, are the first grade faults; Gao-Liu fault, Nanpu-1 fault, Nanpu-2 fault, Nanpu-3 fault, Nanpu-4 fault etc, are subsag-controlling fault; the adjusting faults contemporaneous with the main faults and faults formed by the Neotectonic movement are the third grade faults. In addition, from the fault activity study on the main faults of Xi'nanzhaung fault, Baigezhuang fault, and Gao-Liu fault, it can be concluded that Xi'nanzhuang fault is of obvious segmentation, and can be divided into 3 parts, among which the east part developed the earliest and controlled the subsidence center of the sag together with Baigezhuang fault; the middle and the west part were of intense activity, and formed Nanpu-5 rolling anticline tectonic belt, and formed Laoyemiao transverse anticline. Ed1 period is the forming period of Laoyemiao transverse anticline, which is closely related to the Edl intense activity of Gao-Liu fault split the eastern part of Xi'nanzhuang fault into two, leading to the form of the uplift by the middle and the eastern rapid subsidence zones. Baigezhuang fault has no obvious segmentation, which showed two different subsidence features in the south and the north until the development of Gao-Liu fault; combining with the activity study on Xi'nanzhuang and Baigezhuang fault and the analysis of related geological features, it determines that the formation mechanism of Nanpu Sag takes the extension activity of Xi'nanzhuang fault the dominant part and sinistral strike-slip adjusting of Baigezhuang fault as subsidiary.
The fourth chapter mainly studies on the controlling of tectonism on sequence stratigraphic framework. First, build the Paleogene sequence stratigraphic framework of the whole research area, and identify and trace the maximum flooding surface of Dongying Formation. Combining with seismic and drilling sequence, 12 main isochronic boundaries have been identified in the filling sedimentation of the research section, with 2 first-order sequence sets boundaries, 3 second-order sequence sets boundaries, 3 third-order sequence boundaries, 4 maximum flooding surfaces. (1) 2 identified first-order sequence sets boundaries: bottom boundaries of Es_3~5 and Ng; (2) 3 identified second-order sequence sets boundaries: bottom boundaries of Es_3~3, Es_1, and Ed_3; (3) 3 identified third-order sequence boundaries: (4) 4 identified maximum flooding surfaces within third-order sequence of Dongying Formation: Ed_3~xmfs, Ed_3~smfs, Ed_2mfs, Ed_1mfs. Based on this identification, the sequence of Dongying Formation can be divided into 3 different kinds of sequence stratigraphic frameworks, which are formed by the differential activities of sag-controlling faults and second-order faults within the sag. They have different control effects on sequence formation and filling: (1) the eastern sequence stratigraphic framework, mainly include Gao-Liu tectonic belt and Nanpu-4 tectonic belt. The whole framework was under the control of the structural styles of fault terrace formed by Xi'nanzhuang or Baigezhuang fault and Gao-Liu fault. The most remarkable feature is that because of the intense activity of Gao-Liu fault in Dongying Formation period, the uplifted side of Gao-Liu fault went upwards intensely, thus formed an isolated lake basin in Gao-Liu area and deposited and filled separately. The source of all of the eastern area came from the lateral Baigezhuang fault. (2) The middle sequence stratigraphic framework styles, mainly includes Laoyemiao tectonic belt, Linque sub-sag, and Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. The source mainly came from the south and north. In Dongying Formation period, fan delta was well developed in the north, and braided delta was also of large scale in the south, extending all the way to the Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. (3) The eastern sequence stratigraphic framework styles, mainly includes Nanpu-5 tectonic belt and Nanpu-2 tectonic belt. There were large amounts of reverse adjusting faults developed in Nanpu-5 tectonic belt. The source mainly came from the western slope zone as a lateral supply, and the south provenance extended all the way to Nanpu-1 tectonic belt. By comprehensive analysis of the sequence stratigraphic structure of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag, we build the sequence structural style of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag. It is believed that the sequence stratigraphic formation of Nanpu Sag was mainly under the control of tectonic slope-break zone. In the sag, 3 kinds of tectonic slope-break zone were developed, such as fault break zone, hinge zone, and fault bend zone.
①According to the location of faulted slope break belts distributed in Nanpu Sag, faulted slope break belts can be classified into steep faulted slope break belts and gentle faulted slope break belts. The former are the northern border of Nanpu Sag, they are Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, as well as the development of Dongying Formation sequence in the latter half under the control of Gao-Liu fault; the latter mainly in the southern slope of Nanpu Sag, are gentle faulted slope break belts. On the basis of the differences of faults complex style which controls the development of slope break belts, steep faulted slope break belts can be classified into single-step-type faulted slope break belts and multiple-steps-type faulted slope break belts. Single-step-type faulted slope break belts mainly refer to the position under the control of Gao-Liu fault developed in the middle and late Dongying Formation sequence, or the position of Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault where haven't developed adjusting fault; Multiple-steps-type faulted slope break belts refer to the parts under the control of the faults which control the deposition of the whole Nanpu Sag and endoadaptation faults(e.g. Laoyemiao structural zone). ?Bucking Slope break belts are the parts where the deposition slope have significant changes in its slope gradient because of the sliding motion along with the shovel like normal faults which control the deposition of half-graben basin leading to bucking transformation of upper wall (gentle slope belt), using in describing control mode of dustpan fault depression on basin level. While the deformation of fault bend belts is in short distance, when the shovel like normal faults are activated, intensive deformation of deformational position of the hinge result in fracture consequently fault, reflecting on the differences in landform. Nanpu fault V developed in the western part in thrown wall of Xi'nanzhuang fault, considering as a rolling anticline on a whole. Because of intensive activity of western part of Xi'nanzhuang fault and the limitation of Nanpu fault I, sequentially result in the development of faulted-bend-type slope break belts. There are two positions of accommodation Space increased, both are formed because of this kind of slope break belts, one is under the control of Xi'nanzhuang fault, another is under the control of adjusting fault viz. the thrown wall of Nanpu fault V. (3)In the early of chasmic stage of Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag (namely in developmental phase of Ed3x sequence), because of the intensive warped effect of the uplifted wall of Gao-Liu fault, hinge-type structural slope break belts are formed in Gao-Liu area. In the developmental phase of Ed3s sequence, under the affection of the structural slope break belts, Gao-Liu area become a insulated lake basin, and the slope break belts become a typical hinge-type structural slope break belts. Especially, the scope of exposure area is smaller, provenance offered by denudation process is feeble. As a insulated lake basin, lacking of supply of water, as while as large evaporation, this insulated lake basin was filled rapidly in a short time relatively. Till the developmental phase of Ed2 sequence, the uplifted wall of Gao-Liu fault has already filled basically, Gao-Liu fault become one of the faults which controlled the border of Nanpu Sag of Dongying Formation in this period.
The fifth chapter is mainly about tectonic control to sedimentary system of every third-order sequences internal in Dongying Formation. Firstly, the cores observation and drilling lithology logging curve data were used and then connected to the analysis of seismic faces, it could be sure that clastic sedimentary system ,such as fan delta system-slump turbidities fan system, braided delta system and river delta, and so on, were mainly developed in Nanpu Sag. Its fan delta system could be branched out into (normal) fan delta system and nearshore subaquences fan system. Then through researching fault piecewise activity, analyzing rocks and mineral based on cores, logging data, compiled of sand body percentage content maps, thickness maps and seismic attribute analysis, five main source directions are confirmed in Nanpu Sag. They are respectively Jiannan source coming from west, Heiyanzi source and Luochaowan source coming from north, Matouying salient source coming from east, Shaleitian salient source coming from south. They all keeps inherited developing during different periods, sources of Dongying Formation keeps unchanged in each stage. Nanpu-5 tectonic belt, Laoyemiao tectonic belt and Gao-Liu tectonic belt, they are main entrances of sandbody distributed systems and are also accumulated in Nanpu Sag. On the basis of all of these, each third-order sequence sedimentary system of Dongying Formation is built, and vertical evolution rules are analyzed: the development of all the four third-order sequences sedimentary system are controlled by episodic tectonic movement, rifting episodic activity changed from strong to weak corresponds to processes of the development of fan delta and braided delta of Dongying Formation pushing into the sag centre while the range of lake atrophy continuously. The control effect of tectonics to sandbody is showed as fracture profile combination style control to sandbody and fracture plane combination style control to sandbody: According to characteristics of boundary faults, internal structures, planar distribution, structural situation, development evolution stage etc. features. The slope break types of Nanpu Sag are divided into four types of fracture profile combination styles: palisade type, ramp type, co-rotating fault terrace type, reversed fault terrace type, the distribution and accumulation of sandbody are controlled. It can be divided into four types of fracture plane combination styles to control the distribution of sand distributed system: accommodation zone, transverse anticlines, broom fracture combination and comb fracture combination.
Chapter Six is the last part of this thesis, the controlling of fault to the formation of the oil and gas reservoir in Dongying Formation is studied. Actually almost all of key elements of petroleum system in Nanpu Sag are controlled by faults and their activities. Firstly, source-reservoir-cap rocks assemblages are determined by episodic tectonic movements controlled. Secondly, the distribution of the subsidence centers are controlled by activity of trunk faults. Thirdly, the formation and evolution of traps are also controlled by faults activity controlled. Fourthly, hydrocarbon migration pathways are controlled faults activity. At last, the migration ways of oil and gas are controlled by it. On the base of all of these, the hydrocarbon reservoir models of Laoyemiao, Nanpu-2, Nanpu-4 tectonic belts are analyzed. Then, the favorable zones for gas and oil in Dongying Formation are predicted, it is pointed out that Nanpu-2 and Nanpu-3 tectonic belts could be looked as the key of oil and gas exploration recently for its reliable bi-direction oil resource. While micro-amplitude structures which were formed by the neotectonic movement and located in the thrown side of Baigezhuang fault could be taken the new exploration breakthrough in this area.
Innovations of the thesis are as follows:
1. According to analyzing on activity of trunk faults such as Xi'nanzhuang fault and Baigezhuang fault, the characters of the segmented activity of Xi'nanzhuang fault and its controlling to sources system and sand body dispersion system are researched. On the base of this, forming mechanism of Laoyemiao transverse anticline and Nanpu-5 tectonic zone are sured.
2. On the base of establishing high-accuracy stratigraphic sequence, typical sequence forming styles of Dongying Formation of Nanpu Sag was analyzed and they could be divided into three tectonic slope breaks: fault ramp zone, joint terminal zone and broken-bending zone. Specially through analyzing on activity of Gao-Liu fault and subtly interpretation of 3-order sequences, it was put forward that Gao-Liu area became a isolated lake basin during some period because the poured out effects of Gao-Liu fault in the early period of Dongying formation.
3. Taking system tracts as basic units, the depositional system of Dongying sag of Nanpu Sag is studied. It is provided that the source entrances in Xi'nanzhuang fault is inherited during the different periods for Xi'nanzhuang fault is a extensive fault. While Baigezhuang fault needed to adjust the Xi'nanzhuang fault's displacement through sinistral slip activity.
引文
①王华．冀东南堡凹陷演化的热动力学和成藏动力学综合研究，中国地质大学(武汉)、冀东油田(内部资料)，2001；
①谢古安，李建林．南堡凹陷三维连片叠前时间偏移处理资料构造解释及综合研究，中国石油冀东油田公司、中国石油集团东方地球物理公司(内部资料)，2007；
①熊保贤．南堡凹陷含油气系统研究．中国石油冀东油用公司地质研究院，2000；
①宋小勇．东海盆地西湖凹陷构造样式及其对油气聚集的控制．硕士学位论文，中国地质大学(北京)，2007
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