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准一维金属、铁氧体的制备和磁性
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摘要
近些年来,纳米材料的研究有了突飞猛进的发展,准一维磁性纳米材料由于它新奇的物理性质及在光电和磁记录方面潜在的应用得到了人们的广泛研究。基于对新材料和新性质的探索,我们利用阳极氧化铝模板,采用溶胶凝胶氧化还原、电化学直接沉积和电化学与后续热处理结合等方法制备了CoFe_2O_4、ZnFe_2O_4、Fe纳米管和CoZn、FeZn、Fe、CoFe_2O_4纳米线阵列。得到的主要结果有:
     一、利用溶胶凝胶模板法制备了ZnFe_2O_4、CoFe_2O_4纳米管阵列。制备出的纳米管为规则有序、管壁厚度均匀的多晶结构。磁性测量结果显示ZnFe_2O_4纳米管具有室温磁性,这明显不同于块体的磁特性。由于大的磁晶各向异性,CoFe_2O_4纳米管阵列表现出与组成纳米管的颗粒类似的磁特性。
     二、用溶胶凝胶模板氢气还原的方法制备出直径为50 nm,管壁厚度为15nm的Fe纳米管阵列。采用VSM、穆斯堡尔谱、进行磁性测量,分析结果表明与CoFe_2O_4纳米管相比,Fe纳米管具有明显的磁各向异性。Fe纳米管的磁矩分布沿着轴线方向成锥形分布,易磁化方向沿着纳米线轴方向。
     三、用模板电化学沉积技术制备了直径为40nm,长径比为70的CoZn、FeZn纳米线阵列。随着非磁性金属Zn的增加出现了非晶态结构。而在Zn含量比较低时,纳米线表现出明显的织构,沿纳米线的方向显示出体心立方[110]方向的择优取向。
     四、制备出了不同直径的CoFe_2O_4纳米线阵列。研究了纳米线尺寸、退火温度、铁钴比例对结构和磁性的影响。发现在430℃下热处理,小直径的CoFe_2O_4纳米线具有明显的晶体择优取向和磁各向异性,并提出了空间限制的晶体有序生长机制。
     五、用扩孔方法制备了不同直径相同线间距的Fe纳米线阵列。随着纳米线直径的增加,磁测量结果表明纳米线的难易磁化方向发生了明显的变化。分析认为发生这种变化的原因是纳米线自身的退磁能和线间偶极相互作用能相互竞争的结果。
Recently,plenty of efforts have been expended on the synthesis of nanoscalematerials with the fast development of nanometer science and technology.Quasi-one-dimensional nanostructural materials have attracted much interest due totheir enriched properties and potential applications in optics and electronics.From thepoint of getting new materials and using their versatile properties,we havesuccessfully fabricated the CoFe_2O_4、ZnFe_2O_4、Fe nanotubes by sol-gel templatemethod and CoZn、FeZn、Fe、CoFe_2O_4 by electrochemical deposition template methodin the pores of porous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO).
     The main works and results are as follows:
     1.ZnFe_2O_4、CoFe_2O_4 nanotube arrays with the homogeneous thickness of tube wall inpolycrystal structure have been successfully fabricated by an sol-gel AAO template.The result indicates ZnFe_2O_4 nanotube arrays show typical superparamagnetism atroom temperature,which is different from the bulk ZnFe_2O_4.Owing to have the highmagnetocrystalline anisotropy,magnetic property of CoFe_2O-4 nanotubes is similarwith the magnetic property of CoFe_2O_4 particles.
     2.Ordered Fe nanotube arrays with an outer diameter of 50 nm and the tube wall of 15nm have been prepared in AAO template using an improved sol-gel reductionapproach.The sample has obvious magnetic anisotropy in cnotrast to CoFe_2O_4nanotubes.The result of MS indicates that the distribution of the moments in thetube is not random but a component of the magnetic moment arrangement is parallelto the tube axis.
     3.Highly ordered CoZn、FeZn alloy nanowire arrays with the diameter 40 nm and theaspect ratio of 75 have been prepared by AAO template electrodeposition technologyWhen the content of Zn is low,nanowire arrays show ordered structure and theorientation of (110) is preferred.With the increasing of Zn content in nanowires,anamorphous structure is formed.
     4.We have prepared highly ordered cobalt ferrite arrays in different diameter.Theinfluence of diameter,annealing temperature,and the ratio of Co~(2+) and Fe~(2+) to thestructure and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite arrays are investigated.The results indicated that cobalt ferrite arrays with a preferred crystallite orientation and auniaxial magnetic anisotropy under the annealing temperature 430℃.We proposedthe growth mechanism of ordered crystal under confined spaced.
     5.Fe nanowire arrays with different diameters and the same line spacing have beenprepared.It is found that the easy magnetic axis have been changed from parallel toperpendicular of the array axis with increasing of the diameter,which may be aroseby competition between self demagnetization of the wires and dipolar interactionsbetween the wires.
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