射频功率放大器大信号表征及频域非线性特征建模
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摘要
射频/微波系统中的功率放大器作为通信系统中的核心元器件,放大器产生的非线性现象是影响射频/微波通信系统性能的重要因素,得到专家和学者们的普遍关注。人们对射频功率器件提出了更多的新要求,如更高的功率,更高效率和更小的体积。然而,传统的设计射频功率器件的逐次渐近法非常的耗时,而且需要有经验积累的过程,不利于快速地发布产品。在这种情况下,业界专家们把目光转向了更具发展潜力的新技术上,这就是计算机辅助设计技术。
非线性功率器件应用计算机辅助设计技术的基础是要求建立足够精确的非线性大信号射频模型。如果这些模型存在的话,就可以减少大量的重复性工作,使得设计工作更加简便和快捷。大信号网络分析仪的出现和大信号散射函数概念的提出,让射频和微波领域的工程师开始以一种全新的视角来审视现有建模方法所存在的各种问题。
本文首先介绍了现有的射频功率器件建模方法,指出了这些方法的局限性,提出了一种基于支持向量机的射频功率放大器建模方法,通过辨识大信号散射函数,精确的表征射频功率放大器的非线性特性。实验结果证实了这种方法的有效性,通过与国外基于神经网络的方法对比,在模型的精度相当的情况下,这种方法具有所需的数据量少,因而相应地使测试的时间减少的优点。这为发展射频微波功率器件的设计方法探索了一个新的途径。
基于大信号网络分析仪测量数据,本文设计了针对射频功率放大器的建模实验,提出了一种对散射函数一阶近似的射频功率放大器建模方法,并用压缩特性、大信号反射系数、AM-PM特性、谐波失真特性等多种应用实例验证了模型的有效性。
为了便于对射频功率器件进行集成研究,本文开发了一个射频功率放大器大信号表征及频域非线性特性建模平台,这个平台可以实现文中提出的两种建模方法:第一个模块可以实现散射函数的辨识,并通过辨识得到的散射函数分析射频功率放大器的压缩特性、AM-PM特性、谐波失真特性、时域电压电流。第二个功能可以实现:通过实测得到的射频功率放大器的频域数据,计算得到多谐波失真模型(Polyharmonic Distortion Modeling,PHD model),通过PHD模型分析其与经典S参数模型的区别,并分析功率放大器的压缩特性、AM-PM特性、大信号反射系数等非线性特性。
射频功率放大器大信号表征及频域非线性特性建模是当前的研究热点,各国学者都在不同方向上进行着探索,随着研究工作的深入,相信它的理论意义和实用价值会被更多的学者认识到。
Microwave power amplifier has become the dominant device as the nonlinear distortion generated by amplifier plays a key role in influencing the efficiency of transmitter/receiver. This dominance has resulted in more requirements for RF power components, for example, higher power and efficiency of transmitter/receiver and smaller in size. However, Empirical cut-and-try methods in wireless infrastructure power devices design are time-consuming and require an experienced touch. As a result, experts turn to or even become fascinated with one rapidly developing technology, Computer-aid Design.
Fundamental to the Computer-aid Design for nonlinear devices is building adequate nonlinear large-signal RF models. If these models exist, nonlinear devices design and simulation can save numerous iterations and simplify design.
The introduction of the notion of large signal scatter functions for modeling nonlinear RF devices exploits a novel way for researchers to solve the existing problems of modeling from new perspectives.
The thesis begins with an introduction of present methods of modeling RF power component as well as their advantages and limitations, and then proposes a new approach to modeling RF power component based on SVMs by identifying large signal scatter functions and accurately characterizing the nonlinear properties of RF power component. Findings prove the effectiveness of the approach and the characteristic of requiring fewer data compared with the existing ANN-based method and the resulted advantage of less test time.
Based on nonlinear large-signal network analyzer measurement data, we describe a novel method to analyze RF modeling and testify its effectiveness with various experiments using AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion analysis and so on.
We design a RF power amplifier behavior modeling software platform to realize two purposes: one is to identify scattering functions and then to acquire AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion characters and time domain current and voltage waveforms; the other is to calculate PHD model by using measurement data and to analyze nonlinear characters of power amplifier such as AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion characters and Large-signal reflection coefficient by comparing the PHD model with classical S parameter model.
The research of RF large signal behavior and frequency modeling is a hot issue at present and many scholars all over the world are devoted themselves to exploring it in different directions. With further research and experiments, we are sure that more researchers will discover its advantages and values.
非线性功率器件应用计算机辅助设计技术的基础是要求建立足够精确的非线性大信号射频模型。如果这些模型存在的话,就可以减少大量的重复性工作,使得设计工作更加简便和快捷。大信号网络分析仪的出现和大信号散射函数概念的提出,让射频和微波领域的工程师开始以一种全新的视角来审视现有建模方法所存在的各种问题。
本文首先介绍了现有的射频功率器件建模方法,指出了这些方法的局限性,提出了一种基于支持向量机的射频功率放大器建模方法,通过辨识大信号散射函数,精确的表征射频功率放大器的非线性特性。实验结果证实了这种方法的有效性,通过与国外基于神经网络的方法对比,在模型的精度相当的情况下,这种方法具有所需的数据量少,因而相应地使测试的时间减少的优点。这为发展射频微波功率器件的设计方法探索了一个新的途径。
基于大信号网络分析仪测量数据,本文设计了针对射频功率放大器的建模实验,提出了一种对散射函数一阶近似的射频功率放大器建模方法,并用压缩特性、大信号反射系数、AM-PM特性、谐波失真特性等多种应用实例验证了模型的有效性。
为了便于对射频功率器件进行集成研究,本文开发了一个射频功率放大器大信号表征及频域非线性特性建模平台,这个平台可以实现文中提出的两种建模方法:第一个模块可以实现散射函数的辨识,并通过辨识得到的散射函数分析射频功率放大器的压缩特性、AM-PM特性、谐波失真特性、时域电压电流。第二个功能可以实现:通过实测得到的射频功率放大器的频域数据,计算得到多谐波失真模型(Polyharmonic Distortion Modeling,PHD model),通过PHD模型分析其与经典S参数模型的区别,并分析功率放大器的压缩特性、AM-PM特性、大信号反射系数等非线性特性。
射频功率放大器大信号表征及频域非线性特性建模是当前的研究热点,各国学者都在不同方向上进行着探索,随着研究工作的深入,相信它的理论意义和实用价值会被更多的学者认识到。
Microwave power amplifier has become the dominant device as the nonlinear distortion generated by amplifier plays a key role in influencing the efficiency of transmitter/receiver. This dominance has resulted in more requirements for RF power components, for example, higher power and efficiency of transmitter/receiver and smaller in size. However, Empirical cut-and-try methods in wireless infrastructure power devices design are time-consuming and require an experienced touch. As a result, experts turn to or even become fascinated with one rapidly developing technology, Computer-aid Design.
Fundamental to the Computer-aid Design for nonlinear devices is building adequate nonlinear large-signal RF models. If these models exist, nonlinear devices design and simulation can save numerous iterations and simplify design.
The introduction of the notion of large signal scatter functions for modeling nonlinear RF devices exploits a novel way for researchers to solve the existing problems of modeling from new perspectives.
The thesis begins with an introduction of present methods of modeling RF power component as well as their advantages and limitations, and then proposes a new approach to modeling RF power component based on SVMs by identifying large signal scatter functions and accurately characterizing the nonlinear properties of RF power component. Findings prove the effectiveness of the approach and the characteristic of requiring fewer data compared with the existing ANN-based method and the resulted advantage of less test time.
Based on nonlinear large-signal network analyzer measurement data, we describe a novel method to analyze RF modeling and testify its effectiveness with various experiments using AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion analysis and so on.
We design a RF power amplifier behavior modeling software platform to realize two purposes: one is to identify scattering functions and then to acquire AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion characters and time domain current and voltage waveforms; the other is to calculate PHD model by using measurement data and to analyze nonlinear characters of power amplifier such as AM-AM, AM-PM, harmonic distortion characters and Large-signal reflection coefficient by comparing the PHD model with classical S parameter model.
The research of RF large signal behavior and frequency modeling is a hot issue at present and many scholars all over the world are devoted themselves to exploring it in different directions. With further research and experiments, we are sure that more researchers will discover its advantages and values.
引文
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