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我国创意产业政策有效性评价研究
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摘要
自2004年以来,我国政府为了扶持创意产业的发展,相继出台了一系列的产业优惠政策,明确提出要大力发展创意产业。到目前为止,我国创意产业政策经历了近5年的实践检验,其实施效果,即产业政策有效性问题,是值得研究的重要课题。
     国外产业政策实践表明,产业政策在弥补市场失灵、促进产业超常规发展、增进本国产业的国际竞争力等方面都有重要作用。与传统产业相比,创意产业十分特殊,兼有经济与文化双重属性,决定了创意产业成长的政策环境与产业激励机制更复杂。目前,在我国政府大力推进创意产业发展的宏观环境下,我国创意产业基础研究总体上落后于创意产业实践需求。关于我国创意产业发展过程中的产业政策有效性,国内还缺乏研究。为此,以创意产业市场化、产业化为前提,运用模糊白化灰色关联分析方法、主成分分析方法等研究方法,对我国创意产业政策有效性予以定量评价研究。主要研究内容如下:
     首先,从宏观角度,深入分析我国创意产业发展运营状况,得出了我国创意产业发展总体运行状况差的基本判断。针对目前我国创意产业发展的客观情况,从微观角度,借助古诺模型对创意产业在竞争环境下企业合并决策进行了分析,得到了市场均衡的企业利润函数,并进一步构建了实物期权模型,论证在动态环境下,创意企业生存和发展的行为选择与决策方式。
     其次,假定在创意产业生命周期内的创意产业政策不变,从动态角度构建了基于创意产业生命周期的政策有效性评价的模糊白化灰色关联模型。在此基础上,选择我国创意产业发展基础较好的北京、杭州、广州、上海、成都和深圳等地区进行问卷调查,获取了创意产业政策有效性评价的基本信息,然后运用模糊白化灰色关联分析方法,对我国创意产业政策的有效性进行了经验研究。结论显示:创意产业结构政策的有效性最好、其次是创意产业布局政策、第三是文化体制创新政策、第四是创意产业组织政策、第五是创意产业技术政策。
     第三,产业政策有效性最直接的结果,表现在企业业绩的增长变化。我们选择创意企业上市公司,作为我国创意企业中的典型代表,采用主成分分析方法,从发展能力、盈利能力以及股东盈利能力三个维度,对2003年至2006年创意企业上市公司业绩增长动态变化进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:2003年至2006年创意企业上市公司业绩增长趋势变化未表现出持续、稳定的增长态势。实证研究结果表明,在一定程度上,目前我国创意产业政策的有效性比较差,对我国创意产业发展的推动作用还不明显。
In order to prop up the development of creative industry, the central and localgovernments have introduced a series of preferencial policies for the industry since2004, and then definitely offered to develop the creative industry vigorously. Till now,the creative industrial policies have been implemented for almost 5 years in China. Theoutcome of its implementation, i.e., the effectiveness problem of industrial policy, is animportant research theme.
     The practice of foreign industrial policies indicates that industrial policy plays animportant role in many areas such as dealing with market failures, promoting theextraordinary development of industry, as well as enhancing the internationalcompetitiveness of domestic industy. Compared with the traditional industries, creativeindustry is very different because it is endowed with both economic and culturalproperties, which lead to the fact that its policy environment for growth andindustry-stimulating mechanism are more complex. At present, under themacro-industrial envirnroment where our government energetically promotes thedevelopment of creative industy, the fundamental research on creative industies ingeneral lags behind its practical needs. There is a lack of domestic research on theissue of industry policy's effectiveness in the process of creative industry developmentin China. Therefore, based on the premise of marketization and industrialization in thecreative industy in China, this dissertation studies the quantitative evaluation on theeffectiveness of creative industrial policy with the fuzzy whitenization gray-relationmethod and the principal component method. The main contributions are as follows:
     First of all, from the perspective of macro-industrial envimroment, thisdissertation thoroughly analyzes the operating status of creative industy in China, andthen the analysis explores that the performance of creative industry, as a whole, waspoor. In accordance with such objective situation of creative industry in our country,from a micro-industrial view, we continue to analyze the firms' merging decisions increative industry under Coumot competition, and obtain the firms' profit functions inequilibrium. Moreover, we further develop a real options model to demonstrate the behavioral characteristics and the corresponding decision-making methods for creativeenterprises' survival and growth in a dynamic framework.
     Secondly, assuming that the creative industrial policy will not change in the lifecycle of creative industry, from the dynamic perspective, we construct the fuzzywhitenization and gray-relation analysis model for evaluating the effectiveness of theindustrial policies based on the creative industrial life cycle. On this basis, we conductthe questionnaire survey in those cities, which have a sound foundation suitable forrapid growth of creative industry, such as Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai,Chengdu and Shenzhen etc.. According to the basic collected data, we empiricallystudy the effectiveness of creative industrial policy in China by applying the fuzzywhitenization and gray-relation analysis model. The results show that the effectivenessof structual policy is the best, followed by the industrial location policy, the third is thecultural and institutional innovation policy, the fourth is the policy of industrialorganization, and the fifth is the technical policy.
     Thirdly, to evaluate the effects of industrial policy on the performance and growthof enterprises in creative industry, we select listed companies among the creativeenterprises as tipical representatives. From three dimensions which are thedevelopment capability, profitability and shareholder profitability, we syntheticallyevaluate the dynamic performance changes of these listed companies from 2003 to2006. The results show that the increasing trend of listed companies' performancesdidn't present a sustained and stable growth during these 4 years. Furthermore, theresults from empirical research indicate that in general, the creative industrial policiesin China are poorly effective at the present time, and the policy impetus for creativeindustrial development is not significant.
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