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东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷区古近系油气成藏机理研究
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摘要
在前人成果的基础上,以现代油气成藏理论为指导,对濮卫洼陷区的烃源岩特征、油气来源、输导体系及油气运移路径进行了分析,并通过研究烃源岩生排烃史、成藏期次及成藏动力条件明确了濮卫洼陷区油气运聚成藏过程,划分了油气成藏系统,建立了成藏模式。
     通过对烃源岩和原油系统取样与地化分析,剖析了烃源岩与原油的地球化学特征,建立了源-藏空间对应关系。研究区内已发现的油气主要富集于濮卫洼陷区及相邻构造带,根据原油地化及分布特征,可将其划分为濮卫洼陷型、相邻洼陷型及混合型三种成因类型:洼陷西翼、古云集斜坡带和洼陷东翼沙三段油气为濮卫洼陷型;濮城断背斜东翼、濮城南构造文北断块区沙三中、下亚段油气为相邻洼陷型,来自于濮城-前梨园洼陷;卫城地垒-文明寨、濮城断背斜轴部沙三中原油、濮城断背斜构造沙三上及全区沙二-沙一段为混和型,洼陷西部油气来自于濮卫洼陷和马寨洼陷,洼陷东南部油气来自于濮卫洼陷和濮城-前梨园洼陷。
     通过对濮卫洼陷区砂体特征、断层特征及断层和砂体配置关系进行全面分析,明确了砂体型、断层型和断-砂型三种输导体系类型及其空间分布规律,并根据油源对比及源-藏空间对应关系,综合利用生物标志化合物、含氮化合物等指标对濮卫洼陷区油气运移路径进行了追踪。油气由濮卫洼陷向西和西北方向沿砂体型和断-砂型输导体系运移,向东则沿断-砂型输导体系直接充注,由沙三段向沙二段-沙一段沿断层型输导体系垂向运移。
     分析了濮卫洼陷区成藏期次及成藏动力条件,利用盆地模拟技术进行了烃源岩生排烃史和油气运聚史模拟,根据流线特征,将研究区划分为五个成藏系统,各成藏系统的主要运聚期为古近纪末期,此时烃源岩生排烃量大,在洼陷中心异常高压力驱动下,油气沿砂体向斜坡区剩余压力过渡带运移,部分油气在断层和盐岩遮挡下形成岩性及构造-岩性油气藏,部分油气继续沿断层-砂体向地垒带及断背斜构造带等剩余压力低值区运移形成构造油气藏,在构造应力与地层压力作用下油气由沙三段沿油源断层及其次生断层向浅层运聚,油气充注基本定型;新近纪晚期-第四纪烃源岩存在二次生烃,但生排烃量小,以洼陷区本层系成藏为主。
On the basis of previous results, directed by the hydrocarbon accumulation theory, the characteristics of source rock, oil-source correlation, the migration sysytem and the direction of oil migration in Puwei sag is researched. And the petroleum accumulation process is recovered by simulating the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion histories associated with the analysis of the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation and the reservoir forming dynamic. The reservoir forming systems of Puwei sag are divided and the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation models are set up in this paper.
     Through systematic sampling and geochemical analysis the geochemical characteristics of source rock and oil are clearly and the spatial relationship between them has been established. The oil and gas discovered mainly distributes in Puwei sag area and adjacent structure zones. The oil can be divided into three types of Puwei sag, neighboring sags and mixed type based on the characteristics of geochemist and distribution. The oil of Es3 distributed in the west wing of Puwei sag, Guyunji slope and the east wing of Puwei sag is Puwei sag type. The oil of middle and lower Es3 distributed in the east wing of Pucheng faulted anticline and Pucheng-nan structure Wenbei fault block zone is neighboring sags type and comes from Pucheng-Qianliyuan sag. The oil distributed from Weicheng horst to Wenmingzhai area is mixed type. The oil from Es2 to Es1 in whole area, the oil of middle Es3 distributed in Pucheng faulted anticline axis part and upper Es3 in Pucheng faulted anticline zone are mixed type too. The mixed oil of west comes from Puwei and Mazhai sag. The mixed oil of east and east-south comes from Puwei and Pucheng-Qianliyuan sag.
     By means of comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of sand bodies, faults and the disposition relationship between them, three kinds of migration system of sand body, fault and fault-sand are found and their distribution law is described. According to oil-source correlation and the spatial relationship between oil and source rock, in the distribution area of the same oil, the oil migration paths are analyzed by the indexes of biomarker and nitrogen compounds. The oil and gas migrated from Puwei sag to the west and north-west area along sand type and fault-sand type migration systems, charged to the east zone along fault-sand type migration system. The active periods of main faults are match with the hydrocarbon migration times and the oil and gas migrated to the upper Es2 and Es1 strata along fault type migration system.
     The stages of hydrocarbon accumulation and the reservoir forming dynamic are clearly. The hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and migration histories of Puwei sag are studied using simulation technology. Based on the flow-path characteristics, the Puwei sag areas are divided into five accumulation systems. To every system, the main time of hydrocarbon migration is terminal of paleogene. During this time, the amount of hydrocarbon generated and expulsed from source rocks is large. The hydrocarbon migrated from sag area to the pressure transitional zone of slopes along the sand driven by abnormal high pressure of central sag. Some oil and gas accumulated formed lithologic or structural-lithologic reservoirs. Some continuing migrated to the low pressure zone of horst belts and faulted anticline areas formed structural reservoirs. Also the oil and gas of Es3 migrated to Es2 to Es1 along source faults and secondary faults driven by tectonic stress and formation pressure and the hydrocarbon charging terminated basically. From Quaternary period to now, there is hydrocarbon generated for the second time in source rocks, but the amount of hydrocarbon generated and expulsed is little, mainly charging to source rock layer in sag area.
引文
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