地下水时空变化及监测网多目标优化研究
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摘要
地下水水位和水质是地下水资源监测和评价的重要内容,同时也是引起干旱、半干旱地区土壤荒漠化和盐渍化等生态问题的关键因素。预测地下水水位变化趋势,研究地下水水位和水质的空间变异和分布规律,是地下水资源评价研究的热点之一;出于成本考虑,很多地区地下水监测网为”一井多用”,即每口监测井同时监测地下水水位和水质数据。研究”一井多用”型地下水监测网多目标优化建模方法,使调整后的监测网能提供满足地下水资源评价所需的地下水相关信息,对地下水资源监测与管理具有重要的意义;通过引入多目标进化算法对地下水监测网多目标优化模型进行求解,也为解决具有”一井多用”特点的地下水监测网优化问题提供了新的求解思路。
疏勒河项目区位于我国西北的甘肃省河西走廊,是甘肃省规模最大的农业种植生产基地,也是典型的干旱半干旱地区之一。该地区降雨稀少,且时空分布不均,蒸发作用强烈,生态环境脆弱,总水资源量,尤其是地表水资源量有限,农业生产、人民生活与生态环境对地下水的依赖作用十分显著。本文在收集和整理项目区水文地质数据以及地下水监测数据的基础上,基于数值模拟、地统计学理论及多目标进化算法,从地下水数值模拟与预测、地下水空间变异与分布特征分析以及地下水监测网优化建模与求解三个方面展开了对项目区地下水资源监测与评价的研究,主要研究工作如下:
(1)以项目区内的玉门-踏实盆地、安西-敦煌盆地和花海盆地为研究区域,在《河西走廊(疏勒河)项目中期计划调整报告》规划条件下,基于modflow模型对地下水水流进行数值模拟,计算并生成了三个区域2007-2030年地下水埋深预测数据以及等值图。对三个区域2007～2030年地下水位变化趋势进行了预测,在此基础上对地下水动态变化对环境的影响进行了分析。
(2)基于ArcGIS地统计模块(Geostatistical analyst),对2001-2006年项目区地下水埋深均值以及2001和2006年地下水矿化度均值进行探索型空间数据分析和空间变异特征分析,采用普通克里金插值法计算生成了埋深和矿化度等值图。通过等值图与行政区划图的叠加计算,分析和预测了2001~2006年项目区地下水水位空间分布情况以及地下水矿化度时空变化趋势,并结合预测结果对项目区生态环境进行了评价。
(3)以地统计学理论为基础,采用地下水埋深和地下水矿化度克里金估计方差(kriging variance)最小作为地下水监测网多目标优化的评价标准,构建了疏勒河项目区地下水监测网空间布局的多目标优化模型。
(4)地下水监测网多目标优化模型的求解采用多目标粒子群算法。本文对多目标粒子群算法的粒子更新公式及其全局和局部极值选取方式进行了研究,提出了一种改进的多目标粒子群算法。通过对疏勒河项目区地下水监测网多目标优化的应用证明该方法的有效性。
At present,a quarter of global land area is classified as arid or semi-arid land. Nearly half of the country in the world are directly affected by the drought in some way.Groundwater has become an important source of water in the arid or semi-arid region,sometimes only water source. Scientific monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources and understanding of its quantity,quality and distributionof time and space has significance for the reasonable protection of groundwater resource and maintain of arid or semi-arid region’s ecological environment in order to make groundwater resources serve for human and society sustainably.
Groundwater level and quality is an important content of monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources and the key factor to cause ecological problems such as soil desertification and salinization in the arid or semi-arid areas. Forecasting trends in groundwater level changes and research on spatial variability and distribution of groundwater level and quality is a hot one of groundwater reourses’evaluation.For cost reasons,many areas of groundwater monitoring network is multi-purpose,each of which monitors groundwater level and quality at the same time. It is significant to study multi-objective optimization modeling method of multi-purpose groundwater monitoring network in order to make monitoring network afford groundwater corresponding information required by groundwater resources evaluation.This paper used multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to solve multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network,which afforded new idea to solve the optimization problem of multi-purpose groundwater monitoring network.
Shule River project area is located in northwest China's Gansu province,Hexi Corridor,which is the largest agricultural crop production base of Gansu province and typically arid and semi-arid areas. There are characteristics such as scarce rainfall,the temporal and spatial distribution inequality,strong evaporation,fragile ecological environment,the limited quantity of surface water. Agriculture,the people's living and ecological environment are significantly dependent on the groundwater. Based on the collection and processing of regional hydrological and geological data and the groundwater monitoring data,using the numerical simulation,geostatistics theory and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm,this paper studied the monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources from the three aspects: groundwater numerical simulation and prediction,groundwater spatial variability and distribution and optimization modeling and sloving of groundwater monitoring network. The main work and research lies:
(1) Using Yumen-Tashi basin,Anxi-Dunhuang basin and Huahai basin as study area,this paper used modflow model to simulate groundwater flow of three areas. Under the conditions of the planning,“Hexi Corridor (Shule) medium-term plan to adjust the project report”,model calculated and generated 2007-2030 groundwater level and corresponding contour maps of three regions. Forecasted groundwater level change trend of three areas from 2007 to 2030. Based on study results,analysed environment affect caused by groundwater dynamical changes.
(2) Based on ArcGIS geostatistical analyst module,this paper did exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial variation features analysis of groundwater depth average value between 2001 and 2006 and groundwater salinity average value in 2001 as well as 2004. Based on ordinary kriging interpolation method,contour map of depth and salinity was produced. Based on the contour map overlayed by the zoning map,the spatial distribution of groundwater level and the space and time change tendency of groundwater salinity changes tendency are analyzed and forecasted.Combined with predicted results,this paper evaluated ecological environment of the project area.
(3) Based on geostatistical theory,this paper used the kriging variance minimum of groundwater level and salinity as the evaluation criteria of groundwater monitoring network multi-objective optimization and constructed multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network of Shule river project area.
(4) Multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network was solved by multi-objective particle swarm algorithm.This paper studied particle updating formula and selection method of global and local extreme value and proposed the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The application of groundwater network multi-objective optimization of Shule river project area proved the effectiveness of the method.
疏勒河项目区位于我国西北的甘肃省河西走廊,是甘肃省规模最大的农业种植生产基地,也是典型的干旱半干旱地区之一。该地区降雨稀少,且时空分布不均,蒸发作用强烈,生态环境脆弱,总水资源量,尤其是地表水资源量有限,农业生产、人民生活与生态环境对地下水的依赖作用十分显著。本文在收集和整理项目区水文地质数据以及地下水监测数据的基础上,基于数值模拟、地统计学理论及多目标进化算法,从地下水数值模拟与预测、地下水空间变异与分布特征分析以及地下水监测网优化建模与求解三个方面展开了对项目区地下水资源监测与评价的研究,主要研究工作如下:
(1)以项目区内的玉门-踏实盆地、安西-敦煌盆地和花海盆地为研究区域,在《河西走廊(疏勒河)项目中期计划调整报告》规划条件下,基于modflow模型对地下水水流进行数值模拟,计算并生成了三个区域2007-2030年地下水埋深预测数据以及等值图。对三个区域2007～2030年地下水位变化趋势进行了预测,在此基础上对地下水动态变化对环境的影响进行了分析。
(2)基于ArcGIS地统计模块(Geostatistical analyst),对2001-2006年项目区地下水埋深均值以及2001和2006年地下水矿化度均值进行探索型空间数据分析和空间变异特征分析,采用普通克里金插值法计算生成了埋深和矿化度等值图。通过等值图与行政区划图的叠加计算,分析和预测了2001~2006年项目区地下水水位空间分布情况以及地下水矿化度时空变化趋势,并结合预测结果对项目区生态环境进行了评价。
(3)以地统计学理论为基础,采用地下水埋深和地下水矿化度克里金估计方差(kriging variance)最小作为地下水监测网多目标优化的评价标准,构建了疏勒河项目区地下水监测网空间布局的多目标优化模型。
(4)地下水监测网多目标优化模型的求解采用多目标粒子群算法。本文对多目标粒子群算法的粒子更新公式及其全局和局部极值选取方式进行了研究,提出了一种改进的多目标粒子群算法。通过对疏勒河项目区地下水监测网多目标优化的应用证明该方法的有效性。
At present,a quarter of global land area is classified as arid or semi-arid land. Nearly half of the country in the world are directly affected by the drought in some way.Groundwater has become an important source of water in the arid or semi-arid region,sometimes only water source. Scientific monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources and understanding of its quantity,quality and distributionof time and space has significance for the reasonable protection of groundwater resource and maintain of arid or semi-arid region’s ecological environment in order to make groundwater resources serve for human and society sustainably.
Groundwater level and quality is an important content of monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources and the key factor to cause ecological problems such as soil desertification and salinization in the arid or semi-arid areas. Forecasting trends in groundwater level changes and research on spatial variability and distribution of groundwater level and quality is a hot one of groundwater reourses’evaluation.For cost reasons,many areas of groundwater monitoring network is multi-purpose,each of which monitors groundwater level and quality at the same time. It is significant to study multi-objective optimization modeling method of multi-purpose groundwater monitoring network in order to make monitoring network afford groundwater corresponding information required by groundwater resources evaluation.This paper used multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to solve multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network,which afforded new idea to solve the optimization problem of multi-purpose groundwater monitoring network.
Shule River project area is located in northwest China's Gansu province,Hexi Corridor,which is the largest agricultural crop production base of Gansu province and typically arid and semi-arid areas. There are characteristics such as scarce rainfall,the temporal and spatial distribution inequality,strong evaporation,fragile ecological environment,the limited quantity of surface water. Agriculture,the people's living and ecological environment are significantly dependent on the groundwater. Based on the collection and processing of regional hydrological and geological data and the groundwater monitoring data,using the numerical simulation,geostatistics theory and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm,this paper studied the monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources from the three aspects: groundwater numerical simulation and prediction,groundwater spatial variability and distribution and optimization modeling and sloving of groundwater monitoring network. The main work and research lies:
(1) Using Yumen-Tashi basin,Anxi-Dunhuang basin and Huahai basin as study area,this paper used modflow model to simulate groundwater flow of three areas. Under the conditions of the planning,“Hexi Corridor (Shule) medium-term plan to adjust the project report”,model calculated and generated 2007-2030 groundwater level and corresponding contour maps of three regions. Forecasted groundwater level change trend of three areas from 2007 to 2030. Based on study results,analysed environment affect caused by groundwater dynamical changes.
(2) Based on ArcGIS geostatistical analyst module,this paper did exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial variation features analysis of groundwater depth average value between 2001 and 2006 and groundwater salinity average value in 2001 as well as 2004. Based on ordinary kriging interpolation method,contour map of depth and salinity was produced. Based on the contour map overlayed by the zoning map,the spatial distribution of groundwater level and the space and time change tendency of groundwater salinity changes tendency are analyzed and forecasted.Combined with predicted results,this paper evaluated ecological environment of the project area.
(3) Based on geostatistical theory,this paper used the kriging variance minimum of groundwater level and salinity as the evaluation criteria of groundwater monitoring network multi-objective optimization and constructed multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network of Shule river project area.
(4) Multi-objective optimization model of groundwater monitoring network was solved by multi-objective particle swarm algorithm.This paper studied particle updating formula and selection method of global and local extreme value and proposed the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The application of groundwater network multi-objective optimization of Shule river project area proved the effectiveness of the method.
引文
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