大港张东地区地震地质综合储层预测研究
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摘要
针对大港滩海张东地区油气勘探具“井少、井距大、以地震资料为主”的特点,提出地震地质综合预测的思路、内容、方法和技术。开展层序地层学和地震储层预测综合研究,强调地质概念、模式和认识的指导作用对岩性油气藏储层的准确预测和精细描述十分关键。
本文以沉积学和层序地层学理论为依据,结合地震、测井、岩心等多项资料对研究区古近系层序地层界面进行识别,并将其划分为3个三级层序,建立了张东地区沙河街组的层序地层格架。在此基础上,通过岩心观察及地震、测井、岩心等资料的综合分析,对研究区沙河街组沉积相标志特征、沉积相类型及其时空展布规律进行了研究,指出了沙二段发育的辫状河三角洲前缘河口坝微相为有利储层。
在精细储层地质特征描述的基础上开展了地质地震资料综合解释研究,认为张东构造被张东断层分割为南、北两个断鼻圈闭,断鼻内部发育北东东走向、东西走向次级断层,将南、北两断鼻进一步分割成多个断鼻。
针对有利含油层沙二段发育砂泥岩薄互层的特点,开展了砂泥岩薄互层正演模拟分析,在此基础上,对目的层段波形进行聚类分析,并结合岩心相、测井相与地震反射特征之间的关系,实现地震相到沉积相的转化。
开展的井旁地震道频率属性特征与层序内部结构的关系的研究表明,张东地区沙二段发育的水退和水进两个中期旋回与中低频整体的分布趋势存在着较明显的对应关系,而沙二段低级次的层序则与较高频时频分布特征相符。
针对张东地区目的层段砂泥岩速度差别不大、阻抗相互叠置的难点,利用伽马曲线的阻抗重构技术提高对薄互层储层预测的能力,对储层纵向的演化和平面上的分布的描述与地质认识基本相符。
地质概念、模式和认识指导和约束下的地震相分析、时频分布研究、地震分频解释、储层地震反演和含油气检测等多手段联合的综合储层预测,并结合对油藏类型及油气分布规律的分析,认为下降盘张海6东断鼻构造和张28斜2北断鼻构造沙二段发育的三角洲前缘河口坝微相为含油的有利区。
Aiming at the following characteristics of oil and gas exploration in offshore area i.e.,the sparseness of wells,dominated by seismic data,we developed the ideas,the content,the method and the technology of“seismic geology comprehensive reservoir prediction technique”. It is very important for the prediction and characterization of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs to carry on the synthesis study on sequence stratigraphy and seismic reservoir prediction in the guide of concept,model and understanding of geology.
The sequences boundary surface of Paleogene sections of formation is identified based on the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy combined with seismic data,logging data,drilling core and other geologic information,and the Paleogene strata are classified as three 3rd-order sequences.Thus the framework of shahejie Member sequence stratigraphy is established at Zhangdong area. The sedimentary facies features and patterns,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics at the shahejie Member are invested and obtained the map of horizon and spatial position of favorable reservoirs based on the core description and the seismic data,geographic logging, well logging. The results suggests that the optimistic reservoirs should be the mouth bar in braid river the delta front facies of the Sha2 Member. The study of seismic geology comprehensive interpretation based on fine reservoir geologic characteristic description showes zhangdong structure is divided into north and south fault noses trap,which are divided into smaller fault noses by sublevel fault of NEE-EW trike direction.
Faced with the characters of the Sha2 Member of the thin inter-beds,the paper applies analyzing the model experiment of the thin inter-beds of sandstone and mudstone.And correlative analysis on waveform of aim interval can realize inversion from seimic faice to sedimentary facies by combining with knowing of core facie,logging faice and the character of seismic reflect response.
The study of the relationship between the frequency attribute character of seismic traces nearby well and sequence internal structures with time-frequency analysis technology showes formation of the frequency sequences have obviously corresponding relationship with medium-term and short-term sedimentary cycle.
For the difficulty of small velocity differences between sandstone and mudstone,as well as their acoustic overlay,the reservoir property log rebuilding technique can upgrade reservoir prediction of the thin inter-beds.Seismic inversion result comformed to geologic understanding of reservoir evolution and the regularity of reservoir distribution.
The comprehensive reservoir prediction which is union of multi-means such as seismic facies analysis,time-frequency analysis,spectral decomposition analysis,reservoir seismic inversion and hydrocarbon detection,with combination of analysis of oil type and its distribution,consideres that the optimistic reservoirs should be the mouth bar in the delta front facies of the Sha2 Member in the east of zhh6 fault nose and the north of z28x2 fault nose.
本文以沉积学和层序地层学理论为依据,结合地震、测井、岩心等多项资料对研究区古近系层序地层界面进行识别,并将其划分为3个三级层序,建立了张东地区沙河街组的层序地层格架。在此基础上,通过岩心观察及地震、测井、岩心等资料的综合分析,对研究区沙河街组沉积相标志特征、沉积相类型及其时空展布规律进行了研究,指出了沙二段发育的辫状河三角洲前缘河口坝微相为有利储层。
在精细储层地质特征描述的基础上开展了地质地震资料综合解释研究,认为张东构造被张东断层分割为南、北两个断鼻圈闭,断鼻内部发育北东东走向、东西走向次级断层,将南、北两断鼻进一步分割成多个断鼻。
针对有利含油层沙二段发育砂泥岩薄互层的特点,开展了砂泥岩薄互层正演模拟分析,在此基础上,对目的层段波形进行聚类分析,并结合岩心相、测井相与地震反射特征之间的关系,实现地震相到沉积相的转化。
开展的井旁地震道频率属性特征与层序内部结构的关系的研究表明,张东地区沙二段发育的水退和水进两个中期旋回与中低频整体的分布趋势存在着较明显的对应关系,而沙二段低级次的层序则与较高频时频分布特征相符。
针对张东地区目的层段砂泥岩速度差别不大、阻抗相互叠置的难点,利用伽马曲线的阻抗重构技术提高对薄互层储层预测的能力,对储层纵向的演化和平面上的分布的描述与地质认识基本相符。
地质概念、模式和认识指导和约束下的地震相分析、时频分布研究、地震分频解释、储层地震反演和含油气检测等多手段联合的综合储层预测,并结合对油藏类型及油气分布规律的分析,认为下降盘张海6东断鼻构造和张28斜2北断鼻构造沙二段发育的三角洲前缘河口坝微相为含油的有利区。
Aiming at the following characteristics of oil and gas exploration in offshore area i.e.,the sparseness of wells,dominated by seismic data,we developed the ideas,the content,the method and the technology of“seismic geology comprehensive reservoir prediction technique”. It is very important for the prediction and characterization of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs to carry on the synthesis study on sequence stratigraphy and seismic reservoir prediction in the guide of concept,model and understanding of geology.
The sequences boundary surface of Paleogene sections of formation is identified based on the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy combined with seismic data,logging data,drilling core and other geologic information,and the Paleogene strata are classified as three 3rd-order sequences.Thus the framework of shahejie Member sequence stratigraphy is established at Zhangdong area. The sedimentary facies features and patterns,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics at the shahejie Member are invested and obtained the map of horizon and spatial position of favorable reservoirs based on the core description and the seismic data,geographic logging, well logging. The results suggests that the optimistic reservoirs should be the mouth bar in braid river the delta front facies of the Sha2 Member. The study of seismic geology comprehensive interpretation based on fine reservoir geologic characteristic description showes zhangdong structure is divided into north and south fault noses trap,which are divided into smaller fault noses by sublevel fault of NEE-EW trike direction.
Faced with the characters of the Sha2 Member of the thin inter-beds,the paper applies analyzing the model experiment of the thin inter-beds of sandstone and mudstone.And correlative analysis on waveform of aim interval can realize inversion from seimic faice to sedimentary facies by combining with knowing of core facie,logging faice and the character of seismic reflect response.
The study of the relationship between the frequency attribute character of seismic traces nearby well and sequence internal structures with time-frequency analysis technology showes formation of the frequency sequences have obviously corresponding relationship with medium-term and short-term sedimentary cycle.
For the difficulty of small velocity differences between sandstone and mudstone,as well as their acoustic overlay,the reservoir property log rebuilding technique can upgrade reservoir prediction of the thin inter-beds.Seismic inversion result comformed to geologic understanding of reservoir evolution and the regularity of reservoir distribution.
The comprehensive reservoir prediction which is union of multi-means such as seismic facies analysis,time-frequency analysis,spectral decomposition analysis,reservoir seismic inversion and hydrocarbon detection,with combination of analysis of oil type and its distribution,consideres that the optimistic reservoirs should be the mouth bar in the delta front facies of the Sha2 Member in the east of zhh6 fault nose and the north of z28x2 fault nose.
引文
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