功能性超分子配合物的制备及在苯乙烯的催化乳液聚合中的应用研究
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摘要
利用过渡金属离子与多官能团的配体通过配位键、氢键和π-π作用等分子间的作用力构筑高级有序的超分子配合物已成为当前配位化学、超分子化学和材料化学研究中的热点领域。将多功能配体通过自组装使其与过渡金属离子反应得到新颖的超分子配合物成为这些领域非常活跃且十分重要的研究方向,不仅因为其新颖的拓扑结构,更重要的是这些化合物在催化、分子导体、光学、磁学等方面有着广泛的潜在的应用前景。
本学位论文的主要创新点有以下几点:
(1)设计、合成和表征了1,10 -邻菲咯啉(1,10-phen)、α,α’-联吡啶(α,α’-bipy)、2,6-吡啶二羧酸(H_2PDA)、Dawson结构的杂多阴离子等五种含P、N、O配体相互之间以及与过渡金属离子铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)形成的超分子化合物: [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O、[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O、[Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3·2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O、[4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O。
对这4个新的超分子配合物进行了晶体和分子结构解析,探讨了它们的电化学性质及光学性质,为具有拓扑结构的分子基材料的制备提供了新的理论与实践。
(2)设计、合成、表征了未见文献报道的锕系元素U(Ⅵ)配合物UO2Cl4(Hphen)2和H4UO2(CO3)_3。研究表明配合物UO2Cl4(Hphen)2及其膜具有很好的荧光性能。
(3)合成了含磷、氧配体和镍的配合物,以此为催化剂,乳液中催化聚合得到了间规聚苯乙烯,并对其进行了配位催化乳液聚合动力学的初步研究。
本论文主要研究内容和结论概括如下:
1.设计、合成与表征了1, 10 -邻菲咯啉、α,α’-联吡啶与Dawson结构的杂多阴离子两种混配型具有新颖结构的配合物:[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O和[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O。由单晶X-射线衍射表明两者有不同的堆积方式。配合物[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O中阴离子[Cu(phen)2Cu(phen)2 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))]2–通过氢键作用连接起来形成了一维链,这些一维链又通过分子间错位的π-π相互作用连接起来形成二维超分子结构;金属铜离子有两种配位数,其中两个铜离子分别与两个1,10-邻菲咯啉及杂多阴离子上的一个端基氧形成五配位的三角双锥,另一个铜离子与三个1,10-邻菲咯啉形成六配位八面体。配合物[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O与前者不同的是,杂多阴离子未参与配位,仅只作为抗衡离子存在,三个铜离子均存在不同程度的姜-泰勒变形。电化学循环伏安曲线揭示了这两个配合物的氧化还原行为是由配体杂多阴离子主导。配合物[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O中W(Ⅵ)的还原分三步进行,每步得失2个电子,共6个;配合物[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O中W(Ⅵ)的还原分四步进行,共得失7个电子。
2.水热法合成了混配型三核超分子配合物[Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3 2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O (PDA=2,6-吡啶二羧酸根),单晶X-射线衍射结果表明该配合物存在三种配位环境不同的Cd,其结构都是配位数为7的变形五角双锥,羧基起桥联作用。羧基O原子和水的H原子形成氢键,水分子之间亦形成氢键,两种氢键组成了交替的五元环和六元环,并沿a,b轴方向构成了2D网状结构。电子吸收光谱表明两种配体存在π→π*跃迁,并相互影响形成一宽峰。在室温和325nm紫外光激发下,三核配合物在DMSO溶液中呈现出归属于H_2PDA的较强的π*→n跃迁,同时在418 nm还出现了强的荧光发射,归属于从配体到金属的荷移跃迁(LMCT)。在室温下,Cd配合物在固态的发射光谱完全不同于溶液中的光谱,在325nm紫外光激发下,只产生了一个主发射峰460nm,与溶剂中的发射峰相比,固态下的发射峰产生了较大的红移。说明相邻两个2,2’-联吡啶分子间有很强的π-π相互作用。
3.设计、合成了稀土铀的两个超分子配合物UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2和H4UO2(CO3)_3。单晶X-射线衍射表明配合物UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2中的1,10 -phen是质子化的,且未与金属U发生配位,晶胞内两个未配位的phen分子相互交错平行。氢键将1,10-phen与[UO2Cl4]2-联系起来形成2D结构,在此基础上,通过1,10-phen分子间强烈的π-π相互作用将整个晶体组成了沿c轴方向含菱形通道的3D超分子结构。光电子能谱(XPS)数据表明UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2配合物中的铀主要以六价形式存在。室温时,在351 nm激发光作用下,UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2水溶液在422 nm处有强而宽的发射峰,这归属于配合物分子内phen到phen的π-π*荷移跃迁和溶剂效应。与溶剂中的发射峰相比,配合物PVA膜的发射峰位置产生了较大的红移,这是因为在固态时,phen间的π-π相互作用增强。单晶X-射线衍射表明H4UO2(CO3)_3配合物通过氢键作用连接起来形成两种一维链,这些一维链相互交错、共用顶点形成2D网状结构。三个CO32 -离子不是简单的静电引力和铀酰阳离子结合,而是都参与了配位,每个CO32 -离子的两个氧配位后形成四元环,三个四元环共平面。U的大半径在某种程度上减小了四元环的张力,使得四元环稳定。
4.合成了一种新的含水链的多金属氧酸盐超分子化合物[4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O,单晶X-射线衍射表明化合物中4个4,4’-联吡啶分子都不同程度地发生了质子化,它们通过氢键及分子间弱作用力把两个杂多阴离子[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]6–连接起来形成一维链状结构,又通过分子间弱相互作用连接起来形成二维网状结构。水分子通过分子间强的相互作用以ABAB的形式连接成四聚体(H_2O)4,这些四聚体组成的四边形串连起来形成了水链,水链像胶水一样把二维网状结构粘起来形成了稳定的三维超分子结构。循环伏安测定结果显示化合物在-0.8~0.3V电势范围内分别出现了四对可逆的氧化还原峰,表现出良好的氧化还原性能。
5.以Ni(COD)2和含磷、氧配体为催化剂,利用乳液聚合法合成了间规聚苯乙烯。对产物进行了13CNMR、1HNMR、IR、GPC、TEM、TG等表征。在此反应体系下,最佳聚合条件为:乳化剂用量为1.50g。[St]0=1.79 mol-L-1,T= 60℃,t= 2h,[Ni(COD)2]=1.102 mmol-L-1,产率达78%,催化剂活性为662.14gPS (gNi h)-1。粒度分析与TEM表明乳胶粒大小为100～120nm。GPC分析表明重均分子量M可达1.64×106,数均分子量Mn可达9.79×105,分子量分布为1.6。在376℃下,聚苯乙烯具有很好的热稳定性。13CNMR、1HNMR及IR证实了产物的间规结构。通过对聚合反应热力学的初步研究,得到了聚合反应的表观活化能Ea为20.76KJ/mol,速率方程: Rp=1.687×[St]0.241[Ni(COD)2] 0.542([St]≤1.79mol-L-1时), Rp=0.03683×[St]-0.187[Ni(COD)2] 0.542 ([St]>1.79mol-L-1时)。未见文献报道此催化剂用于苯乙烯催化乳液聚合研究。
Constructing organic inorganic supramolecular complexes with the higly ordered structure by the reaction of multi dentate ligands with transition metal ions via coordinative bonds, hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions has become the hot research field in coordination chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and material chemistry. Design and syntheses of novel multi functional ligands, and research on their supramolecular complexes through the self assembly approach have been the very attractive and important aspect due to their intriguing structural diversity and potential application on catalysis for chemical transformation, molecular conductivity, magnetism, luminescence, photochromism and electrochromism, etc.
The innovative points of this work are as follow:
(1)By using hydrothermal method, four new supramolecular compounds from five ligands: 1,10 phen,α,α’-bipy, 2,6 H_2PDA, and heteropolymetallate of Dawson structure with P, N, O as coordinating atoms, and transition metal ions: Cu(II) and Cd(II), were designed, synthesized and characterized. They are: [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O, [Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3·2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O, [4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) [4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O.
Their single crystals were obtained and resolved, their electrochemical and optical properties were explored. A new theory and practice is provided for the synthesis of the molecule based material with topology.
(2) Two supramolecular complexes UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 and H4UO2(CO3)_3 of U(VI) from actinide series, were designed, synthesized and characterized. No literature report has been appeared, as to our knowledge. The compound UO2Cl4(Hphen)2 and its film all have strong fluorescence.
(3) A ligand containing P and O and a nickel complex were synthesized using similar method reported in literature, they were used as catalyst in the catalytic polymerization in emulsion, syndiotactic polystyrene was obtained, and the reaction kinetics of the above process was studied.
The main results of the current studies are:
1. Two mixed ligand complexes of 1,10-phen, 2,2’-bipy with heteropolymetallate of Dawson structure, [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O and [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3 (P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, were synthesized and characterized. The single crystal X ray diffraction results show interestingly different packing modes. The anion, [Cu(phen)2Cu(phen)2 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))]2–, of the [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O complex forms a one dimensional chain through hydrogen bonds, these 1D chains form two-dimensional supramolecular structure by alternativeπ-πinteractions; there exists two different coordination numbers for Cu(II) in the complex, two of the Cu(II) ions form trigonal bipyramidal structure by coordinating with two 1,10-phen and the terminal O from the heteropolymetallate anion, while the other Cu(II) forms octahedral geometry with three 1,10-phen molecules. The major difference of the structure of the other complex, [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, is that the heteropolymetallate anion does not participate in the coodination, but as counter anion, and there exists Jahn-Teller distortion for all of the three Cu(II) cations. The redox behavior of the two complexes was dominated by the heteropolymetallate anions from the results of cyclic voltammetry, the reduction of W(VI) from [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O has three steps, gaining two electrons in each step, while that from [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O has four steps, gaining a total of 7 electrons instead of 6 of the previous compound.
2. A trinuclear supramolecular complex with mixed ligand, [Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3 2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O, was synthesized using hydrothermal method, the results from single crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrate that there exists three different coordination environments for Cd, all of them have distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with coordination number of 7, where the carboxylate anion is used as bridging ligand. The O atom from carboxylate and H from water forms hydrogen bond, there are also H bond between water molecules, these two types of H bonds form an alternative arrangement of 5- and 6-membered ring, extending to a 2D network structure along a and b axis. The electronic spectroscopy of the complex shownπ→π* transitions, forming a broad band. Under excitation of 325 nm UV light at ambient temperature, relatively strong transition ofπ*→n was observed in DMSO solution, which originates from H_2PDA, strong fluorescent emission was observed at 418 nm, which can be attributed to ligand to metal charge transfer. The emission spectra of the Cd complex in solid state is totally different from that in solution state at room temperature, on the excitation at 325 nm, there is only one band appears at 460 nm, a relative large red shift comparing with that in solution, this result demonstrates that there exists strongπ-πinteractions between neighboring 2,2’-bipy molecules.
3. Two supramolecular complexes of uranium, UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 and H4UO2(CO3)_3, were designed and synthesized. The data from single crystal X-ray diffraction suggest that 1,10-phen was protonated and not coordinating with U in the complex, the two phen molecules without coordination in the cell were parallel at alternative positions. A 2D structure formed through H bond between 1,10-phen and [UO2Cl4]2- anion, the strongπ-πinteraction between 1,10-phen molecules helps the formation of a 3D supramolecular structure with rhombic channel along c direction. XPS data show that uranium exists as U(VI) in UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 complex. At room temperature, A strong and broad emission band at 422 nm was observed for the UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 water solution on the excitation at 351 nm, this can be attributed toπ-π* charge transfer transition between phen from the complex and the protonated phen, as well as solvent effects. The emission band red-shifts for the complex in PVA film comparing with that in solution because of the strongπ-πinteractions between phen molecules in solid state. The single crystal X-ray diffraction results of H4UO2(CO3)_3 complex demonstrate that there are two types of 1D chain formed through H-bond, the intercrossing of them forms 2D network. Three CO32 - anions all coordinate with UO2(II), each anion forms a 4-membered ring through the coordination of two O atoms, and the three 4-membered rings formed are coplanar. The reason of stable 4-membered ring formation is because of the relative large size of U, which reduces strain effectively.
4. A novel heteropolymetallate containing water chain, [4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O, was synthesized, the single crystal X-ray diffraction results suggest partial protonation of different degrees for all of the four 4,4’-bipy molecules, H bond and weak intermolecular forces arrange heteropolymetallate anions as 1D chain, 2D network is also formed through weak intermolecular forces. The water molecules form an ABAB type tetramer (H_2O)4 through H-bond, the serial connection of tetragons formed by these tetramers helps the formation of water chain, which stabilizes the 3D supramolecular structure like glue. Cyclic voltammetry results show four pairs of redox bands in the range of -0.8~0.3V, indicating good redox properties of the complex.
5. Using Ni(COD)2 and ligand containing P and O as catalyst in the catalytic emulsion polymerization, syndiotactic polystyrene was obtained, and the reaction kinetics of the above process was studied. The product was characterized with 13CNMR、1HNMR、IR、GPC、TEM、TG etc. The best polymerization condition for this reaction system was found to be: emulsifier 1.50g。[St]0=1.79mol-L-1,T=60℃,t=2h,[Ni(COD)2]=1.102mmol-L-1, the yield was 78%. The activity of the catalyst is 662.14gPS (gNi h)-1. The emulsion particle size was 100～120nm by the results of particle size analysis and TEM techniques. The GPC analysis results show that: the weight average molecular weight Mw is 1.64×106, while the number-average molecular weight Mn 9.79×105, width of molecular weight distribution 1.6. Very good thermal stabilities are observed in the temperature range of ambient temperature up to～376℃, the 13CNMR、1HNMR and IR analysis results proved the syndiotactic structure. Preliminary study on the kinetics of the polymerization indicates that: the apparent activation energy Ea is 20.76KJ/mol, the rate laws are: Rp=1.687×[St]0.241[Ni(COD)2]0.542(when [St]≤1.79mol-L-1), Rp=0.03683×[St]-0.187[Ni(COD)2]0.542 (when [St]>1.79mol-L-1).
No literature report has been appeared for the emulsion polymerization of styrene by the catalyst, as to our knowledge.
本学位论文的主要创新点有以下几点:
(1)设计、合成和表征了1,10 -邻菲咯啉(1,10-phen)、α,α’-联吡啶(α,α’-bipy)、2,6-吡啶二羧酸(H_2PDA)、Dawson结构的杂多阴离子等五种含P、N、O配体相互之间以及与过渡金属离子铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)形成的超分子化合物: [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O、[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O、[Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3·2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O、[4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O。
对这4个新的超分子配合物进行了晶体和分子结构解析,探讨了它们的电化学性质及光学性质,为具有拓扑结构的分子基材料的制备提供了新的理论与实践。
(2)设计、合成、表征了未见文献报道的锕系元素U(Ⅵ)配合物UO2Cl4(Hphen)2和H4UO2(CO3)_3。研究表明配合物UO2Cl4(Hphen)2及其膜具有很好的荧光性能。
(3)合成了含磷、氧配体和镍的配合物,以此为催化剂,乳液中催化聚合得到了间规聚苯乙烯,并对其进行了配位催化乳液聚合动力学的初步研究。
本论文主要研究内容和结论概括如下:
1.设计、合成与表征了1, 10 -邻菲咯啉、α,α’-联吡啶与Dawson结构的杂多阴离子两种混配型具有新颖结构的配合物:[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O和[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O。由单晶X-射线衍射表明两者有不同的堆积方式。配合物[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O中阴离子[Cu(phen)2Cu(phen)2 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))]2–通过氢键作用连接起来形成了一维链,这些一维链又通过分子间错位的π-π相互作用连接起来形成二维超分子结构;金属铜离子有两种配位数,其中两个铜离子分别与两个1,10-邻菲咯啉及杂多阴离子上的一个端基氧形成五配位的三角双锥,另一个铜离子与三个1,10-邻菲咯啉形成六配位八面体。配合物[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O与前者不同的是,杂多阴离子未参与配位,仅只作为抗衡离子存在,三个铜离子均存在不同程度的姜-泰勒变形。电化学循环伏安曲线揭示了这两个配合物的氧化还原行为是由配体杂多阴离子主导。配合物[Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O中W(Ⅵ)的还原分三步进行,每步得失2个电子,共6个;配合物[Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O中W(Ⅵ)的还原分四步进行,共得失7个电子。
2.水热法合成了混配型三核超分子配合物[Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3 2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O (PDA=2,6-吡啶二羧酸根),单晶X-射线衍射结果表明该配合物存在三种配位环境不同的Cd,其结构都是配位数为7的变形五角双锥,羧基起桥联作用。羧基O原子和水的H原子形成氢键,水分子之间亦形成氢键,两种氢键组成了交替的五元环和六元环,并沿a,b轴方向构成了2D网状结构。电子吸收光谱表明两种配体存在π→π*跃迁,并相互影响形成一宽峰。在室温和325nm紫外光激发下,三核配合物在DMSO溶液中呈现出归属于H_2PDA的较强的π*→n跃迁,同时在418 nm还出现了强的荧光发射,归属于从配体到金属的荷移跃迁(LMCT)。在室温下,Cd配合物在固态的发射光谱完全不同于溶液中的光谱,在325nm紫外光激发下,只产生了一个主发射峰460nm,与溶剂中的发射峰相比,固态下的发射峰产生了较大的红移。说明相邻两个2,2’-联吡啶分子间有很强的π-π相互作用。
3.设计、合成了稀土铀的两个超分子配合物UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2和H4UO2(CO3)_3。单晶X-射线衍射表明配合物UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2中的1,10 -phen是质子化的,且未与金属U发生配位,晶胞内两个未配位的phen分子相互交错平行。氢键将1,10-phen与[UO2Cl4]2-联系起来形成2D结构,在此基础上,通过1,10-phen分子间强烈的π-π相互作用将整个晶体组成了沿c轴方向含菱形通道的3D超分子结构。光电子能谱(XPS)数据表明UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2配合物中的铀主要以六价形式存在。室温时,在351 nm激发光作用下,UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2水溶液在422 nm处有强而宽的发射峰,这归属于配合物分子内phen到phen的π-π*荷移跃迁和溶剂效应。与溶剂中的发射峰相比,配合物PVA膜的发射峰位置产生了较大的红移,这是因为在固态时,phen间的π-π相互作用增强。单晶X-射线衍射表明H4UO2(CO3)_3配合物通过氢键作用连接起来形成两种一维链,这些一维链相互交错、共用顶点形成2D网状结构。三个CO32 -离子不是简单的静电引力和铀酰阳离子结合,而是都参与了配位,每个CO32 -离子的两个氧配位后形成四元环,三个四元环共平面。U的大半径在某种程度上减小了四元环的张力,使得四元环稳定。
4.合成了一种新的含水链的多金属氧酸盐超分子化合物[4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O,单晶X-射线衍射表明化合物中4个4,4’-联吡啶分子都不同程度地发生了质子化,它们通过氢键及分子间弱作用力把两个杂多阴离子[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]6–连接起来形成一维链状结构,又通过分子间弱相互作用连接起来形成二维网状结构。水分子通过分子间强的相互作用以ABAB的形式连接成四聚体(H_2O)4,这些四聚体组成的四边形串连起来形成了水链,水链像胶水一样把二维网状结构粘起来形成了稳定的三维超分子结构。循环伏安测定结果显示化合物在-0.8~0.3V电势范围内分别出现了四对可逆的氧化还原峰,表现出良好的氧化还原性能。
5.以Ni(COD)2和含磷、氧配体为催化剂,利用乳液聚合法合成了间规聚苯乙烯。对产物进行了13CNMR、1HNMR、IR、GPC、TEM、TG等表征。在此反应体系下,最佳聚合条件为:乳化剂用量为1.50g。[St]0=1.79 mol-L-1,T= 60℃,t= 2h,[Ni(COD)2]=1.102 mmol-L-1,产率达78%,催化剂活性为662.14gPS (gNi h)-1。粒度分析与TEM表明乳胶粒大小为100～120nm。GPC分析表明重均分子量M可达1.64×106,数均分子量Mn可达9.79×105,分子量分布为1.6。在376℃下,聚苯乙烯具有很好的热稳定性。13CNMR、1HNMR及IR证实了产物的间规结构。通过对聚合反应热力学的初步研究,得到了聚合反应的表观活化能Ea为20.76KJ/mol,速率方程: Rp=1.687×[St]0.241[Ni(COD)2] 0.542([St]≤1.79mol-L-1时), Rp=0.03683×[St]-0.187[Ni(COD)2] 0.542 ([St]>1.79mol-L-1时)。未见文献报道此催化剂用于苯乙烯催化乳液聚合研究。
Constructing organic inorganic supramolecular complexes with the higly ordered structure by the reaction of multi dentate ligands with transition metal ions via coordinative bonds, hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions has become the hot research field in coordination chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and material chemistry. Design and syntheses of novel multi functional ligands, and research on their supramolecular complexes through the self assembly approach have been the very attractive and important aspect due to their intriguing structural diversity and potential application on catalysis for chemical transformation, molecular conductivity, magnetism, luminescence, photochromism and electrochromism, etc.
The innovative points of this work are as follow:
(1)By using hydrothermal method, four new supramolecular compounds from five ligands: 1,10 phen,α,α’-bipy, 2,6 H_2PDA, and heteropolymetallate of Dawson structure with P, N, O as coordinating atoms, and transition metal ions: Cu(II) and Cd(II), were designed, synthesized and characterized. They are: [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O, [Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3·2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O, [4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) [4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O.
Their single crystals were obtained and resolved, their electrochemical and optical properties were explored. A new theory and practice is provided for the synthesis of the molecule based material with topology.
(2) Two supramolecular complexes UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 and H4UO2(CO3)_3 of U(VI) from actinide series, were designed, synthesized and characterized. No literature report has been appeared, as to our knowledge. The compound UO2Cl4(Hphen)2 and its film all have strong fluorescence.
(3) A ligand containing P and O and a nickel complex were synthesized using similar method reported in literature, they were used as catalyst in the catalytic polymerization in emulsion, syndiotactic polystyrene was obtained, and the reaction kinetics of the above process was studied.
The main results of the current studies are:
1. Two mixed ligand complexes of 1,10-phen, 2,2’-bipy with heteropolymetallate of Dawson structure, [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O and [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3 (P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, were synthesized and characterized. The single crystal X ray diffraction results show interestingly different packing modes. The anion, [Cu(phen)2Cu(phen)2 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))]2–, of the [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O complex forms a one dimensional chain through hydrogen bonds, these 1D chains form two-dimensional supramolecular structure by alternativeπ-πinteractions; there exists two different coordination numbers for Cu(II) in the complex, two of the Cu(II) ions form trigonal bipyramidal structure by coordinating with two 1,10-phen and the terminal O from the heteropolymetallate anion, while the other Cu(II) forms octahedral geometry with three 1,10-phen molecules. The major difference of the structure of the other complex, [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O, is that the heteropolymetallate anion does not participate in the coodination, but as counter anion, and there exists Jahn-Teller distortion for all of the three Cu(II) cations. The redox behavior of the two complexes was dominated by the heteropolymetallate anions from the results of cyclic voltammetry, the reduction of W(VI) from [Cu(phen)_3][{Cu(phen)2}{Cu(phen)2}(P_2W_(18)O_(62))]·2H_2O has three steps, gaining two electrons in each step, while that from [Cu(2,2’-bipy)_3]3(P_2W_(18)O_(62)) 2H_2O has four steps, gaining a total of 7 electrons instead of 6 of the previous compound.
2. A trinuclear supramolecular complex with mixed ligand, [Cd3(PDA)_3(2,2’-bipy)_3 2H_2O] CH_3OH 6.5H_2O, was synthesized using hydrothermal method, the results from single crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrate that there exists three different coordination environments for Cd, all of them have distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with coordination number of 7, where the carboxylate anion is used as bridging ligand. The O atom from carboxylate and H from water forms hydrogen bond, there are also H bond between water molecules, these two types of H bonds form an alternative arrangement of 5- and 6-membered ring, extending to a 2D network structure along a and b axis. The electronic spectroscopy of the complex shownπ→π* transitions, forming a broad band. Under excitation of 325 nm UV light at ambient temperature, relatively strong transition ofπ*→n was observed in DMSO solution, which originates from H_2PDA, strong fluorescent emission was observed at 418 nm, which can be attributed to ligand to metal charge transfer. The emission spectra of the Cd complex in solid state is totally different from that in solution state at room temperature, on the excitation at 325 nm, there is only one band appears at 460 nm, a relative large red shift comparing with that in solution, this result demonstrates that there exists strongπ-πinteractions between neighboring 2,2’-bipy molecules.
3. Two supramolecular complexes of uranium, UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 and H4UO2(CO3)_3, were designed and synthesized. The data from single crystal X-ray diffraction suggest that 1,10-phen was protonated and not coordinating with U in the complex, the two phen molecules without coordination in the cell were parallel at alternative positions. A 2D structure formed through H bond between 1,10-phen and [UO2Cl4]2- anion, the strongπ-πinteraction between 1,10-phen molecules helps the formation of a 3D supramolecular structure with rhombic channel along c direction. XPS data show that uranium exists as U(VI) in UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 complex. At room temperature, A strong and broad emission band at 422 nm was observed for the UO2Cl4 (Hphen)2 water solution on the excitation at 351 nm, this can be attributed toπ-π* charge transfer transition between phen from the complex and the protonated phen, as well as solvent effects. The emission band red-shifts for the complex in PVA film comparing with that in solution because of the strongπ-πinteractions between phen molecules in solid state. The single crystal X-ray diffraction results of H4UO2(CO3)_3 complex demonstrate that there are two types of 1D chain formed through H-bond, the intercrossing of them forms 2D network. Three CO32 - anions all coordinate with UO2(II), each anion forms a 4-membered ring through the coordination of two O atoms, and the three 4-membered rings formed are coplanar. The reason of stable 4-membered ring formation is because of the relative large size of U, which reduces strain effectively.
4. A novel heteropolymetallate containing water chain, [4,4’-bipyH_2][4,4’-bipyH]2.5 (P_2W_(18)O_(62))[4,4’-bipyH1.5] 2H_2O, was synthesized, the single crystal X-ray diffraction results suggest partial protonation of different degrees for all of the four 4,4’-bipy molecules, H bond and weak intermolecular forces arrange heteropolymetallate anions as 1D chain, 2D network is also formed through weak intermolecular forces. The water molecules form an ABAB type tetramer (H_2O)4 through H-bond, the serial connection of tetragons formed by these tetramers helps the formation of water chain, which stabilizes the 3D supramolecular structure like glue. Cyclic voltammetry results show four pairs of redox bands in the range of -0.8~0.3V, indicating good redox properties of the complex.
5. Using Ni(COD)2 and ligand containing P and O as catalyst in the catalytic emulsion polymerization, syndiotactic polystyrene was obtained, and the reaction kinetics of the above process was studied. The product was characterized with 13CNMR、1HNMR、IR、GPC、TEM、TG etc. The best polymerization condition for this reaction system was found to be: emulsifier 1.50g。[St]0=1.79mol-L-1,T=60℃,t=2h,[Ni(COD)2]=1.102mmol-L-1, the yield was 78%. The activity of the catalyst is 662.14gPS (gNi h)-1. The emulsion particle size was 100～120nm by the results of particle size analysis and TEM techniques. The GPC analysis results show that: the weight average molecular weight Mw is 1.64×106, while the number-average molecular weight Mn 9.79×105, width of molecular weight distribution 1.6. Very good thermal stabilities are observed in the temperature range of ambient temperature up to～376℃, the 13CNMR、1HNMR and IR analysis results proved the syndiotactic structure. Preliminary study on the kinetics of the polymerization indicates that: the apparent activation energy Ea is 20.76KJ/mol, the rate laws are: Rp=1.687×[St]0.241[Ni(COD)2]0.542(when [St]≤1.79mol-L-1), Rp=0.03683×[St]-0.187[Ni(COD)2]0.542 (when [St]>1.79mol-L-1).
No literature report has been appeared for the emulsion polymerization of styrene by the catalyst, as to our knowledge.
引文
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