FcγR-IIIA基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮
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摘要
背景系统性红斑狼疮和狼疮肾炎的发生与抗原抗体复合物的产生和清除密切相关,FcγR-ⅢA结合的IgG亚型与狼疮肾炎关系密切。FcγR-ⅢA的基因多态性可能会使免疫细胞清除抗原抗体复合物能力的改变,使个体易感红斑狼疮或狼疮肾炎。目的研究亚洲人群中,FCγRⅢA-F158V基因多态性对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、狼疮肾炎(LN)、早发狼疮肾炎的影响。方法收集中国系统性红斑狼疮患者100例(其中狼疮肾炎患者76例)、对照组127例进行病例对照研究。采用多聚酶链反应(PCR)和单链构象多态性-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SSCP-PAGE)检测FCγRⅢA-F158V基因型。进一步对亚洲关于FcγRⅢA与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究进行meta分析,数据基于Medline、Embase和CNKI数据库(最后检索时间2008年6月),阅读入选文献或相关综述的参考文献。结果病例对照研究结果:未发现FcγRⅢA-F158V的基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮肾炎和早发狼疮肾炎有显著相关性。Meta分析结果显示:FcγRⅢA-F158V的纯合基因型FF、及其等位基因F可能是系统性红斑狼疮发病的危险因素(基因型FF,OR=1.26[1.06-1.56],P=0.03;等位基因F,OR=1.26[1.01-1.43],P=0.04),未发现该基因多态性与狼疮肾炎的发生相关。结论FcγRⅢA-F158V的纯合子基因型FF、及其等位基因F是系统性红斑狼疮发生的危险因素。未发现FcγRⅢA基因多态性与狼疮肾炎及早发狼疮肾炎相关。
Background.Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and lupus nephritis(LN) exhibit defect of phagocytosis in immune complex(IC) processing.IgG Fcγreceptor is important in the clearance of IC.FcγR-ⅢA has higher affinity for certain IgG subtype which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. The polymorphism of FcγRⅢA predicts different ability of IC clearance.Objective To study whether the FcγRⅢA polymorphism is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),lupus nephritis(LN) and early onset lupus nephritis in Asian. Methods.We genotype 100 Chinese SLE patients(76 patients with LN) and 127 normal controls for FcγRⅢA polymorphism,then perform a meta analysis based on the Medline,Embase and CNKI databases(lase retrieval June 2008),as well as assessment of pertinent articles and references.Result.No association is found between FcγRⅢA polymorphism and SLE or LN in case-control research,neither is association between FcγRⅢA polymorphism or course of lupus nephritis.But in meta analysis,skewing is found between genotype FF and SLE(OR=1.26[1.06-1.56], P=0.03),so is between allele F and SLE(OR=1.26[1.01-1.43],P=0.04).Conclusion. The homozygous FF genotype and F allele of FcγRⅢA may be the risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus.No association is found for LN and early onset lupus nephritis.
Background.Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and lupus nephritis(LN) exhibit defect of phagocytosis in immune complex(IC) processing.IgG Fcγreceptor is important in the clearance of IC.FcγR-ⅢA has higher affinity for certain IgG subtype which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. The polymorphism of FcγRⅢA predicts different ability of IC clearance.Objective To study whether the FcγRⅢA polymorphism is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),lupus nephritis(LN) and early onset lupus nephritis in Asian. Methods.We genotype 100 Chinese SLE patients(76 patients with LN) and 127 normal controls for FcγRⅢA polymorphism,then perform a meta analysis based on the Medline,Embase and CNKI databases(lase retrieval June 2008),as well as assessment of pertinent articles and references.Result.No association is found between FcγRⅢA polymorphism and SLE or LN in case-control research,neither is association between FcγRⅢA polymorphism or course of lupus nephritis.But in meta analysis,skewing is found between genotype FF and SLE(OR=1.26[1.06-1.56], P=0.03),so is between allele F and SLE(OR=1.26[1.01-1.43],P=0.04).Conclusion. The homozygous FF genotype and F allele of FcγRⅢA may be the risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus.No association is found for LN and early onset lupus nephritis.
引文
1.Ravetch JV,Lanier LL.Immune inhibitory receptors.Science.2000;290:84-9
2.Wu,J.,et al.,A novel polymorphism of Fc gamma RⅢA(CD16) alters receptor function and predisposes to auto immune disease.J Clin Invest,1997.100(5):p.1059-70
3.Victoria A.Seligman,et al.,The Fcγ receptor ⅢA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.Arthritis Rheum.44(3),Mar 20001,pp 618-25
4.Fotini B.Karassa,Thomas A.Trikalinos,et al.,The FcγRⅢA-F158 allele is a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis:A meta analysis.Kidney International,Vol.63(2003),pp,1475-1482
5.Y Hatta,et al.,Association of Fog receptor ⅢB,but not of Fcgreceptor ⅡA and ⅢA,polymorphisms with systemic lupus crythematosus in Japanese.Genes and Immunity(1999),1,53-60
6.Eun Bong Lee,et al.,Fcγ Receptor ⅢA polymorphism in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatol Int(2002),21:222-226
7.J-Y Chen,et al.,Fcγ receptor Ⅱa,Ⅲa,and Ⅲb polymorphism of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan.Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:877-880
8.U.Siriboonrit.Et al.,Association of Fcγ receptor Ⅱb and Ⅲb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Thais.Tissue Antigen 2003;61:374-383
9.Chieko Kyogoku.Fc gamma Receptor gene Polymorphism in Japanese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,Contribution of FCRG2B to genetic sysceptibility..Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(5):1242
10.Jane E.,et al.,Altered distribution of Fcγ receptor ⅢA alleles in a cohort of Korean patients with lupus nephritis.Arthritis Rheum,42(4),1999,p.818-823
11.HR Yun,et al.,FcγR Ⅱa/Ⅲa polymorphism and its association with clinical manifestation in Korean patients.Lupus(2001) 10.466-472
12.Z.T.Chu,et al.,Association of Fcγ receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:a common susceptibility gene in the Asian population.Tissue Antigen 2004;63:21-27
13.谢红付等人,湖南汉族系统性红斑狼疮患者FcγⅢa-158V/F多态性研究。中华皮 肤科杂志,2002年8月,35(4)260-262
14.王吉耀主编。内科学。人民卫生出版社。P1063
15.叶冬青主编。红斑狼疮。人民卫生出版社。P19,P661
16.Victoria A.Seligman,et al.,The Fcγ receptor ⅢA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.Arthritis Rheum.44(3),Mar 20001,pp 618-25
17.H.S.Lee,et al.,Independent association of HLA-DR and Fcγ receptor polymorphisms in Korean patients with systemic lupus crythematosus.Rheumatology 2003;42:1501-1507
18.Twtsuo Kobayashi,et al.The combined genotypes of stimulatory and inhibitory Fc gamma receptors associated with systemic lupus crythematosus and periodontitis in Japanese adults.J-Periodontol.2007 Mar;78(3):467-74
19.Kang,-T-Y,et al.Clinical and genetic risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus crythematosus.Rheumatol-Int.2005 Mar;25(2):97-102
20.陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。2。
21.Easterbrook PJ,et al.Publication bias in clinical research.Lancent 337:867-872,1999
22.Elizabeth E.,et al.,Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis.Autoimmunity December 2007;40(8):567-581
1 王吉耀主编。内科学。人民卫生出版社。1061。
2 陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。2,30。
3 Houndmills,Lupus.Scientific & Medical Division,Macmillan Press Ltd.1067
4 陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。30。
5 Williams,A.F.,and A.N.Barclay.1988.The immunoglobulin superfamily-domains for cell surface recognition.Annu.Rev.Immunol.6:381-405
6 Elizabeth E.Brown.,et al.,Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis.,Autoimmunity 2007;40(8):567-581
7 Harry R.Koene,et al.,The FcγRⅢA-158F allele is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythernatosus.Arthritis Rheum 1998;41(10):p.1813-1818
8 Van de Winkel,J.G,et al.and P.J.Capel,Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity:molecular aspects and clinical implications.Immunol Today,1993.14(5):p.215-21
9 Brools DG,et al.Structure and expression of human IgG FcRⅡ(CD32).Functional heterogeneity is encoded by the alternatively spliced products of multiple genes.J.Exp Meal 1989;170:1369-85
10 Ravetch,J.V.and B.Perussia,Alternative membrane forms of Fc gamma RⅢ(CD16) on human natural killer cells and neutroplils.Cell type-specific expression of two genes that differ in single nueleotide substitution.J Exp Med,1989.170(2):p 481-97
11 Hibbs ML,et al.,Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin G Fe receptor.Prco Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:2240-4
12 Grundy HO PG,et al.,Immunoglobulin G Fc receptor Ⅱ and Fc receptor Ⅲ genes map to chromosome by spot-blot chromosome analysis.J Hum Genet 1988;43
13 Botto M,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡa polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE):no association with disease.Clin Exp Immunol 1996;104:264-8
14 Oakey RJ,et al.,Construction of a physical map on mouse and human chromosome 1:comparision of 13 Mb of mouse and 11 Mb of human DNA.Hum Mol Genet 1992;1:613-20
15 Cantor RM,et al.,Systemic lupus erythematosus genome scan:Support for linkage at 1q23,2q33,16q12-13,and 17q21-23 and novel evidence at 3p24,10q23-24,13q32,and 18q22-23.Arthritis Rheum 2004;50(10):3203-3210.
16 Salmon,J.E.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡA alleles are heritable risk factors for lupus nephritis in African Americans.J Clin Invest,1996.97(5):p.1348-54
17 Moser,K.L.,et al.,Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus:evidence for linkage on chromosome 1 q in African-American pedigrees.Proc Nat1Acad Sci USA,1995(25):p.14869-74
18 Smyth,L.J.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡa polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.Ann Rheum Dis,1997.56(12):p.744-6
19 Song,Y.W.,et al.,Abnormal distribution of Fc gamma receptor type Ⅱa polymorphism in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis Rheum,1998.41(3):p.421-6
20 Manger,K.,et al.Fc gamma receptor Ⅱa polymorphism in Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:association with clinical symptom.Arthritis Rheum,1998.41(7):p.421-6
21 Koene,H.R.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅢa-158V/F polymorphism influences the binding if IgG by natural killer cell Fc gamma RⅢa,independently of the Fc gamma RⅢa-48L/R/H phenotype.Blood,1997.90(3):p.1109-14
22 Hatta,Y.,et al.,Association of Fc gamma receptor ⅢB,but not of Fc gamma receptor ⅡA and ⅢA polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in Janpanese.Genes Immun,1999.1(1):p.53-60.
23 Ni PS,S.F.,Meng W,et al.,The association and linkage analysis between the FcGR2A-131 and systemic lupus erythematosus.Chin J Med Gene,2000.17(6):p.84-9
24 Karassa,F.B.,T.A.Trikalinos,and J.P.Ioannidis,Role of the Fc gamma receptor Ⅱa polymorphism in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis:a meta-analysis.Arthritis Rheum,2002.46(6):p.1563-71
25 Chu ZT,et al.,Association of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:A common susceptibility gene in eht Asian populations.Tissue Antigens 2004;63(1);21-27
26 Ravetch,J.V.and L.L.Lanier,Immune inhibitory receptors.Science 2000.290(5489):p.84-9
27 Ashman RF,et al.,Regulation of B cell apotosis.Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;406:145-154
28 Amigorean S,et al.,Cytoplasmic domain heterogeneity and function of IgG Fc receptors in B lymphocytes.Science 1992;256(5065):1808-1812
29 Revatch JV.,et al.,IgG Fc receptors Annu Rec Immunol 2001;19:275-290
30 Yuasa Y,et al.,Deletion of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb renders H2(b) mice susceptible to collagen induced arthritis.J Exp Med 1999;189(1):187-194
31 Kyogoku,C.,et al.,Fc gamma receptor Ⅱb polymorphism in Japenese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:contribution of FCGR2B to genetic susceptibility.Arthritis Rheum,2002.46(5):p.1242-54
32 Li X,et al.,A novel polymorphism in the Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb(CD32B)transmembrane region alters receptor signaling.Arhtritis Rheum 2003;48(11):3242-3252.
33 Chu,Z.T.,et al.,Association of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:a common susceptibility gene in the Asian populations.Tissue Antigens,2004.63(1):p.21-7
34 Siriboonrit,U.,et al.,Association of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb and Ⅲb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Thais.Tissue Antigens,203.61(5):p.374-83
35 Magnusson,V.,et al.,Polymorphism of the Fcgamma receptor type Ⅱb gene are mot associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Swedish population.Arthritis Rheum,2004.50(4):p.1348-50
36 Metes D.,et al.,Ligand binding specificcties and signal transduction pathways of Fc gamma receptor Ⅱc isoforms:The CD32 isoforms expressed by human NK cells.Eur J Immunol 1999;91(7):2369-2380
37 Su K,et al.,Genomic organization of classical human low affinity Fcgamma receotir genes.Genes Immun 2002;3(suppl 1):s51-s56
38 Koene,H.R.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅢa-158V/F polymorphism influences the binding if IgG by natural killer cell Fc gamma RⅢa,independently of the Fc gamma RⅢa-48L/R/H phenotype.Blood,1997.90(3):p.1109-14
39 De Haas,M.,et al.,A triallelic Fc gamma receptor type ⅢA polymorphism influence the binding of human IgG by NK cell Fc gamma RⅢA.J Immunol,1996.156(8):p.3948-55
40 Ravetch JV,Lanier LL.Immune inhibitory receptors.Science.2000;290:84-9
41 Wu,J.,et al.,A novel polymorphism of Fc gamma RⅢA(CD16) alters receptor function and predisposes to auto immune disease.J Clin Invest,1997.100(5):p. 1059-70
42 Victoria A.Seligman,et al.,The Fcγ receptor ⅢA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.Arthritis Rheum.44(3),Mar 20001,pp 618-25
43 Fotini B.Karassa,Thomas A.Trikalinos,et al.,The FcγRⅢA-F158 allele is a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis:A meta analysis.Kidney International,Vol.63(2003),pp,1475-1482
44 Y Hatta,N Tsuchiya,et al.,Association of FcγR receptor ⅢB,but not of Fcγreceptor ⅡA and ⅢA,polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese.Genes and Immunity,1999(1),53-60.
45 Eun Bong Lee,et al.,Fcγ receptor ⅢA polymorphism in Korean patient with systemic lupus crythematosus.Rheumatol Int(2002) 21:222-226
46 Jane E.Salmon,et al.,Altered distribution of Fcγ receptor Ⅲa alleles in a cohort of Korean patients with lupus nephritis.Athritis Rheum 42(4),April 1999,pp 818-823
47 Z.T.Chu.Association of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:a common susceptibility gene in the Asian population.Tissue Antigen 2004;63:21-27
48 XIE Hongfu.Polymorphism of Fc gamma Receptor Type Ⅲ in Han patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Hunan Province.Chin J Dermatol August 2002;35(4):260-263
49 Huizinga,T.W.,et al.,Biallelic neutrophil Na-antigen system is associated with a polymorphism on the phosphor-inositol-linked Fc gamma receptor Ⅲ(CD16).Blood,1990.75(1):p.213-7
50 Bredius,R.G.,et al.,Role of neutrophil Fc gamma RⅡa(CD32) and Fc gamma RⅢb(CD16) polymorphic forms in phagocytosis of human IgG1 and IgG3opsonized bacteria and crythrocytes.Immunology,1994.83(4):p.624-30.
51 Bux,J.,et al.,Characterization of a new alloantigen(SH) on the human neutrophil Fc gamma receptor ⅢB.Blood,1997.89(3):p.1027-34.
52 Hatta,Y.,et al.,Association of Fc gamma receptor ⅢB,but not of Fc gamma receptor ⅡA and ⅢA polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese.Genes Immun,1999.1(1):p.53-60.
53 Gonzalez-Escribano,M.F.,et al.,Fcgamma RⅡA,Fcgamma RⅢA and Fcgamma RⅢB polymorphism in Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Eur J Immunogenet,2002.29(4):p.301-6
54 Siew-Nee Yap,et al.,Fc gamma receptor ⅢB-NA gene frequencies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy individuals of Malay and Chinese ethnicity.Immunology Letters 1999,68.295-300.
55 F.H.J.Gmelig-Meyling,et al.abstract Arthr.Rheum.1994,37,167 abstract 149
56 Edberg JC,et al.,Genetic linkage and association of Fcgamma receptor ⅡA(CD16A) on chromosome 1q23 with human systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(8):2132-2140
57 Su K.,et al.,Genomic organization of classical human low-affinity Fcgamma receptor genes.Genes Immun 2002;3(Suppl 1):S51-S56
58 Elizabeth E.,et al.,Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis.Autoimmunity December 2007;40(8):567-581
2.Wu,J.,et al.,A novel polymorphism of Fc gamma RⅢA(CD16) alters receptor function and predisposes to auto immune disease.J Clin Invest,1997.100(5):p.1059-70
3.Victoria A.Seligman,et al.,The Fcγ receptor ⅢA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.Arthritis Rheum.44(3),Mar 20001,pp 618-25
4.Fotini B.Karassa,Thomas A.Trikalinos,et al.,The FcγRⅢA-F158 allele is a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis:A meta analysis.Kidney International,Vol.63(2003),pp,1475-1482
5.Y Hatta,et al.,Association of Fog receptor ⅢB,but not of Fcgreceptor ⅡA and ⅢA,polymorphisms with systemic lupus crythematosus in Japanese.Genes and Immunity(1999),1,53-60
6.Eun Bong Lee,et al.,Fcγ Receptor ⅢA polymorphism in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatol Int(2002),21:222-226
7.J-Y Chen,et al.,Fcγ receptor Ⅱa,Ⅲa,and Ⅲb polymorphism of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan.Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:877-880
8.U.Siriboonrit.Et al.,Association of Fcγ receptor Ⅱb and Ⅲb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Thais.Tissue Antigen 2003;61:374-383
9.Chieko Kyogoku.Fc gamma Receptor gene Polymorphism in Japanese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,Contribution of FCRG2B to genetic sysceptibility..Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(5):1242
10.Jane E.,et al.,Altered distribution of Fcγ receptor ⅢA alleles in a cohort of Korean patients with lupus nephritis.Arthritis Rheum,42(4),1999,p.818-823
11.HR Yun,et al.,FcγR Ⅱa/Ⅲa polymorphism and its association with clinical manifestation in Korean patients.Lupus(2001) 10.466-472
12.Z.T.Chu,et al.,Association of Fcγ receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:a common susceptibility gene in the Asian population.Tissue Antigen 2004;63:21-27
13.谢红付等人,湖南汉族系统性红斑狼疮患者FcγⅢa-158V/F多态性研究。中华皮 肤科杂志,2002年8月,35(4)260-262
14.王吉耀主编。内科学。人民卫生出版社。P1063
15.叶冬青主编。红斑狼疮。人民卫生出版社。P19,P661
16.Victoria A.Seligman,et al.,The Fcγ receptor ⅢA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians.Arthritis Rheum.44(3),Mar 20001,pp 618-25
17.H.S.Lee,et al.,Independent association of HLA-DR and Fcγ receptor polymorphisms in Korean patients with systemic lupus crythematosus.Rheumatology 2003;42:1501-1507
18.Twtsuo Kobayashi,et al.The combined genotypes of stimulatory and inhibitory Fc gamma receptors associated with systemic lupus crythematosus and periodontitis in Japanese adults.J-Periodontol.2007 Mar;78(3):467-74
19.Kang,-T-Y,et al.Clinical and genetic risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus crythematosus.Rheumatol-Int.2005 Mar;25(2):97-102
20.陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。2。
21.Easterbrook PJ,et al.Publication bias in clinical research.Lancent 337:867-872,1999
22.Elizabeth E.,et al.,Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis.Autoimmunity December 2007;40(8):567-581
1 王吉耀主编。内科学。人民卫生出版社。1061。
2 陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。2,30。
3 Houndmills,Lupus.Scientific & Medical Division,Macmillan Press Ltd.1067
4 陈顺乐主编。系统性红斑狼疮。上海科学计数出版社。30。
5 Williams,A.F.,and A.N.Barclay.1988.The immunoglobulin superfamily-domains for cell surface recognition.Annu.Rev.Immunol.6:381-405
6 Elizabeth E.Brown.,et al.,Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis.,Autoimmunity 2007;40(8):567-581
7 Harry R.Koene,et al.,The FcγRⅢA-158F allele is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythernatosus.Arthritis Rheum 1998;41(10):p.1813-1818
8 Van de Winkel,J.G,et al.and P.J.Capel,Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity:molecular aspects and clinical implications.Immunol Today,1993.14(5):p.215-21
9 Brools DG,et al.Structure and expression of human IgG FcRⅡ(CD32).Functional heterogeneity is encoded by the alternatively spliced products of multiple genes.J.Exp Meal 1989;170:1369-85
10 Ravetch,J.V.and B.Perussia,Alternative membrane forms of Fc gamma RⅢ(CD16) on human natural killer cells and neutroplils.Cell type-specific expression of two genes that differ in single nueleotide substitution.J Exp Med,1989.170(2):p 481-97
11 Hibbs ML,et al.,Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin G Fe receptor.Prco Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:2240-4
12 Grundy HO PG,et al.,Immunoglobulin G Fc receptor Ⅱ and Fc receptor Ⅲ genes map to chromosome by spot-blot chromosome analysis.J Hum Genet 1988;43
13 Botto M,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡa polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE):no association with disease.Clin Exp Immunol 1996;104:264-8
14 Oakey RJ,et al.,Construction of a physical map on mouse and human chromosome 1:comparision of 13 Mb of mouse and 11 Mb of human DNA.Hum Mol Genet 1992;1:613-20
15 Cantor RM,et al.,Systemic lupus erythematosus genome scan:Support for linkage at 1q23,2q33,16q12-13,and 17q21-23 and novel evidence at 3p24,10q23-24,13q32,and 18q22-23.Arthritis Rheum 2004;50(10):3203-3210.
16 Salmon,J.E.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡA alleles are heritable risk factors for lupus nephritis in African Americans.J Clin Invest,1996.97(5):p.1348-54
17 Moser,K.L.,et al.,Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus:evidence for linkage on chromosome 1 q in African-American pedigrees.Proc Nat1Acad Sci USA,1995(25):p.14869-74
18 Smyth,L.J.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅡa polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus.Ann Rheum Dis,1997.56(12):p.744-6
19 Song,Y.W.,et al.,Abnormal distribution of Fc gamma receptor type Ⅱa polymorphism in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis Rheum,1998.41(3):p.421-6
20 Manger,K.,et al.Fc gamma receptor Ⅱa polymorphism in Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:association with clinical symptom.Arthritis Rheum,1998.41(7):p.421-6
21 Koene,H.R.,et al.,Fc gamma RⅢa-158V/F polymorphism influences the binding if IgG by natural killer cell Fc gamma RⅢa,independently of the Fc gamma RⅢa-48L/R/H phenotype.Blood,1997.90(3):p.1109-14
22 Hatta,Y.,et al.,Association of Fc gamma receptor ⅢB,but not of Fc gamma receptor ⅡA and ⅢA polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in Janpanese.Genes Immun,1999.1(1):p.53-60.
23 Ni PS,S.F.,Meng W,et al.,The association and linkage analysis between the FcGR2A-131 and systemic lupus erythematosus.Chin J Med Gene,2000.17(6):p.84-9
24 Karassa,F.B.,T.A.Trikalinos,and J.P.Ioannidis,Role of the Fc gamma receptor Ⅱa polymorphism in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis:a meta-analysis.Arthritis Rheum,2002.46(6):p.1563-71
25 Chu ZT,et al.,Association of Fcgamma receptor Ⅱb polymorphism with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese:A common susceptibility gene in eht Asian populations.Tissue Antigens 2004;63(1);21-27
26 Ravetch,J.V.and L.L.Lanier,Immune inhibitory receptors.Science 2000.290(5489):p.84-9
27 Ashman RF,et al.,Regulation of B cell apotosis.Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;406:145-154
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