鄱阳湖湖口水位、水环境特征分析及其对鱼类群落与洄游的影响
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摘要
现阶段,湖泊水位波动所引起的湖泊生态效应已成为当今的研究热点。鄱阳湖是典型的吞吐型、季节性淡水湖泊,水位每年有规律的波动。然而,有关鄱阳湖的水位变化对其非生物以及生物环境影响的研究报道较缺乏。另外,作为长江仅存的两个大型通江湖泊之一,鄱阳湖在长江四大家鱼幼鱼的肥育方面有着重要意义。迄今为止,关于长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖的相关问题仍不清楚。
本论文以鄱阳湖湖口水域为研究对象,分两大部分:(1)分析湖口的水位及其水体主要环境因子的变化特征,探讨各水环境因子之间的相互关系以及各水环境因子对水位变化的响应;(2)研究湖口的水位和主要水环境因子变化对湖口水域鱼类群落结构的影响,阐述湖口的水位、水温变化对长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖格局的影响,分析拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽对长江四大家鱼幼鱼入湖的影响。
主要结论如下:
1.鄱阳湖湖口水位与长江水位(九江站)呈直线正相关,其年内月变化呈正态分布。与1950～2001年的月均水位相比较,2007～2008年湖口每月的水位均有所下降,月均水位变化趋势表现为上升速度减慢,下降速度加快。
2.湖口水体为弱碱性水,pH值时空差异不显著。其余水环境因子(水温、透明度、悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物、磷化物)季节上均存在明显差异,其中水温和透明度表现为丰水期高于枯水期,而悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物均表现为丰水期低于枯水期。在垂直方向,溶解氧表现为中层水＞表层水＞底层水,而悬浮物、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮和溶解态无机氮均表现为底层水＞中层水＞表层水。另外,各水环境因子之间存在一定的相关关系,其中溶解氧与水温、高锰酸盐指数与溶解氧、透明度与悬浮物之间为负相关,而高锰酸盐指数、氮化物、磷化物与悬浮物之间都存在正相关关系。
3.鄱阳湖湖口的水位变化对其水环境因子都存在一定的影响。其中水体透明度随水位上升而增大,关系方程为SD=0.017e~(0.199(Z));而悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物浓度随水位的上升而降低,它们之间的回归方程分别为SS=3.479(Z)~2-1246.62(Z)+1147.3、DO=-0.479 Z+13.918、COD_(Mn)=-0.009(Z)~2+0.091(Z)+3.345、TN=-0.006(Z)~2+0.024(Z)+2.135、NH_4~+-N=1.645e~(-0.138(Z))、NO_3~--N=0.957-0.043(Z)、NO_2~--N=0.062-0.003(Z)、TP=-0.001(Z)~2+0.005(Z)+0.152和PO_4~(3-)-P=0.016(Z)~(-0.308)。
4.2007年湖口水体叶绿素a含量的变幅为2.12～6.89μg/L,2008年为2.02～7.72μg╱L。湖口水体叶绿素a含量季节变化明显,低值出现在冬季,高值则出现在春季末至秋季初。另外,叶绿素a含量与湖口的水位、水温、透明度以及总氮和总磷比值呈正相关,而与悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物呈负相关。其中与水位的回归方程为Chl-a=-6.696+4.627 Ln(Z),与水位和各水环境因子的逐步回归方程为Chl-a=-1.703-9.251(NH_4~+-N)+0.984(pH)+0.077(TN/TP)+44.204(NO_2~--N)。
5.本次研究在鄱阳湖湖口水域共记录鱼类50种,分别隶属6目12科42属。在种类组成中以鲤科鱼类为主,共30种,占鱼类种数的60.00%;在渔获物组成中以短颌鲚、似鳊、银鲴、鮈类、黄颡鱼类以及粲、飘鱼类为主。另外,鄱阳湖湖口水域的渔获物个体数、渔获物重量、鱼类种数、物种丰富度以及群落多样度与湖口的水位、水温、水体透明度和叶绿素a浓度都存在正相关关系。
6.1991～2008年,长江各类鱼苗中四大家鱼比例变幅为10.03%～15.76%,总体呈现先降后升趋势。在长江四大家鱼鱼苗成色中,青鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼苗所占比例呈下降趋势,它们随时间变化方程分别为y=-1.140t+29.355、y=-0.448t+51.086、y=33.288 e~(-0.111t);而鲢鱼苗所占比例呈上升趋势,其随时间变化方程为y=4.586 e~(0.115t)。
7.根据2007～2008年监测,进入鄱阳湖的长江四大家鱼幼鱼以鲢为主,鳙所占比例较小。长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖的时间主要集中在7、8月份,其中7月中下旬至8月底为青鱼、草鱼和鲢幼鱼的入湖高峰期;而鳙幼鱼的入湖高峰期出现在7月份。入湖的长江青鱼、鳙幼鱼以体长介于5.00～9.99 cm之间的个体为主,草鱼、鲢幼鱼以体长介于5.00～14.99 cm之间的个体为主。另外,2007年和2008年长江四大家鱼幼鱼的入湖数量与湖口水位均呈现正相关关系,且它们之间的回归方程F检验的P值均小于0.05的显著水平,说明湖口水位变化对长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖存在显著影响。
8.根据2007年和2008年长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖的监测数据,结合鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程最新拟定的调度运行方式。拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽对长江四大家鱼幼鱼入湖可能存在的影响主要表现为:(1)一定数量的长江四大家鱼幼鱼滞留在鄱阳湖入江水道,导致鄱阳湖区四大家鱼资源减少;(2)长江四大家鱼幼鱼经过鄱阳湖入长江口进入鄱阳湖入江水道的数量减少。
Water level fluctuations in lakes are dominant forces controlling the functioning of lacustrine ecosystems.The ecological effects of water level fluctuations in lakes are an urgent issue.Poyang Lake is a naturally fluctuating lake.However,this lack of knowledge concerning the effects of water level fluctuations is most remarkable. Thus,there is an urgent need for data on the relationships between water levels changes and ecosystem responses in the Poyang Lake.As one of the two large lakes maintaining a connection with the mainstream of Yangtze River,Poyang Lake could be an invaluable feeding ground of juvenile black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp.So far the larval migration of black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake has been scanty.
In order to study the ecological effects of water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake,this paper could be distinguished two parts.(1) This paper analyzed the variation characteristics of water level and main water environmental factors in Hukou area of Poyang Lake.The relationships among water environmental factors and their responses to water level fluctuations were interpreted.(2) The effects of water level and water environmental factors on the fish community in Hukou area of Poyang Lake were illustrated simultaneously.Meanwhile,the effects of water level and water temperature on the larval migration of black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were illustrated.And the effects of the Poyang Lake Hydro-junction Project on the larval migration of the four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were analyzed.
The main conclusions have been summarized as follows:
1.The water level annual fluctuation in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was normal distribution.The relationship between water level of Poyang Lake(Hukou Station) and that of Yangtze River(Jiujiang Station) was positive and linear. Comparing with water level in the Hukou area from 1950 to 2001,the monthly average of water level in the Hukou area from 2007 to 2008 declined.Moreover,the increase speed of water level in the Hukou area slowed and the speed droop accelerated.
2.The water in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was weak alkalinity.The temporal and spatial differences of pH were not significant.But the temporal differences of other water environmental factors,such as water temperature(WT), transparency(SD),suspended matter(SS),dissolved oxygen(DO),permanganate index(COD_(Mn)),nitride(TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and NO_2~--N) and phosphide(TP, PO_4~(3-)-P),were obvious.The water temperature and transparency in high water season were higher than that in dry season.But the concentrations of suspended matter, dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,nitride and phosphide in dry season were higher than that in high water season.The concentrations of suspended matter, permanganate index,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in different water layers were arranged in the following order:bottom water＞intermediate water＞surface water.And the arranging order of dissolved oxygen in different water layers was intermediate water＞surface water＞bottom water.In addition,the correlations among water environmental factors in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake were studied.There were positive correlations between suspended matter and permanganate index,nitride and phosphide.But negative correlations between dissolved oxygen and temperature,permanganate index and dissolved oxygen,transparency and suspended matter were noted.
3.The effects of water level fluctuations on water environmental factors in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake were analyzed.With increases of water level,the transparency increased accordingly.The correlation model between water level and transparency was SD=0.017e~(0.199(Z)).But with increases of water level,the permanganate index and the concentrations of suspended matter,dissolved oxygen, nitride and phosphide declined accordingly.The correlation models between them were SS=3.479(Z)~2-1246.62(Z)+1147.3,DO=-0.479(Z)+13.918,COD_(Mn)= -0.009(Z)~2+0.091(Z)+3.345,TN=-0.006(Z)~2+0.024(Z)+2.135,NH_4~+-N = 1.645e~(-0.138(Z)),NO_3~--N=0.957-0.043(Z)、NO_2~--N=0.062-0.003(Z),TP= -0.001(Z)~2+0.005(Z)+0.152 and PO_4~(3-)-P=0.016(Z)~(-0.308).
4.The chlorophyll a concentration in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was estimated to be in the range of 2.12～6.89μg/L in 2007 and 2.02～7.72μg/L in 2008. The season variation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was significant.The lower chlorophyll a concentration occurred in winter,and higher chlorophyll a concentration occurred in late spring to early autumn.In addition, the relationships between chlorophyll a and water level,water temperature, transparency and TN/TP were positive.But the correlations between chlorophyll a and suspended matter,dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,nitride and phosphide were negative.The correlation model between chlorophyll a concentration and water level was Chl-a=-6.696+4.627 Ln(Z).And the stepwise regressive equation between chlorophyll a concentration and water level,water environmental factors was Chl-a=-1.703-9.251(NH_4~+-N)+0.984(pH)+0.077(TN/TP)+44.204(NO_2~--N).
5.A total of 50 fish species belonging to 6 orders 12 families 43 genus were found in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake.There were 30 cyprinid fishes,accounting for 60.00%of the total fish species.In the composition of catches,the dominant fishes were Coilia brachygnathus,Pseudobrama simony,Xenocypris argentea, Saurogobio dabryi,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Hemiculter sp. In addition,the correlations between fish community(individual number,fish catch, fish species,species richness and community diversity) and environmental factors (water level,water temperature,transparency and chlorophyll a) were positive.
6.The proportion of four major Chinese carps fry in Yangtze River ranged from 10.03%to 15.76%in 1991～2008,and with a trend of decrease first and then increase.In the composition of four major Chinese carps fry,there was a downward trend in each proportion of black carp,grass carp and bighead carp,but the proportion of silver carp showed an increasing trend.Their respective temporal variation models were y=-1.140t+29.355,y=-0.448t+51.086,y=33.288e~(-0.111t) and y=4.586e~(0.115t).
7.The dominant larvae of four major Chinese carps migrating from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were silver carp in 2007～2008.And the larvae of bighead carp were litter.Their migrating peak ranged from July to August.The peak period of black carp,grass carp and silver carp ranged from middle of July to late August,and the peak of bighead carp appeared in July.The migratory individuals of black carp and bighead carp ranging from 5.00 to 9.00 cm in standard length were numerically dominant,and the larvae of grass carp and silver carp ranging from 5.00 to 14.99 cm were dominant.The relationships between water level of Poyang Lake(Hukou Station) and their respective daily number migrating from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were significant positive.Moreover,the F test of correlation models between water level and respective daily immigration numbers were significant level(P＜0.05).This showed that the effects of water level fluctuations on the larval migration of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were significant.
8.According to the data from 2007 to 2008 and the dispatching mode,the main effects of Poyang Lake Hydro-junction Project on the larval migration of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake as follows:(1) Some larvaes of four major Chinese carps would be detained in the channel.The resources of four major Chinese carps in the Poyang Lake would be declined.(2) The migrating numbers of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake would be shortened.
本论文以鄱阳湖湖口水域为研究对象,分两大部分:(1)分析湖口的水位及其水体主要环境因子的变化特征,探讨各水环境因子之间的相互关系以及各水环境因子对水位变化的响应;(2)研究湖口的水位和主要水环境因子变化对湖口水域鱼类群落结构的影响,阐述湖口的水位、水温变化对长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖格局的影响,分析拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽对长江四大家鱼幼鱼入湖的影响。
主要结论如下:
1.鄱阳湖湖口水位与长江水位(九江站)呈直线正相关,其年内月变化呈正态分布。与1950～2001年的月均水位相比较,2007～2008年湖口每月的水位均有所下降,月均水位变化趋势表现为上升速度减慢,下降速度加快。
2.湖口水体为弱碱性水,pH值时空差异不显著。其余水环境因子(水温、透明度、悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物、磷化物)季节上均存在明显差异,其中水温和透明度表现为丰水期高于枯水期,而悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物均表现为丰水期低于枯水期。在垂直方向,溶解氧表现为中层水＞表层水＞底层水,而悬浮物、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮和溶解态无机氮均表现为底层水＞中层水＞表层水。另外,各水环境因子之间存在一定的相关关系,其中溶解氧与水温、高锰酸盐指数与溶解氧、透明度与悬浮物之间为负相关,而高锰酸盐指数、氮化物、磷化物与悬浮物之间都存在正相关关系。
3.鄱阳湖湖口的水位变化对其水环境因子都存在一定的影响。其中水体透明度随水位上升而增大,关系方程为SD=0.017e~(0.199(Z));而悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物浓度随水位的上升而降低,它们之间的回归方程分别为SS=3.479(Z)~2-1246.62(Z)+1147.3、DO=-0.479 Z+13.918、COD_(Mn)=-0.009(Z)~2+0.091(Z)+3.345、TN=-0.006(Z)~2+0.024(Z)+2.135、NH_4~+-N=1.645e~(-0.138(Z))、NO_3~--N=0.957-0.043(Z)、NO_2~--N=0.062-0.003(Z)、TP=-0.001(Z)~2+0.005(Z)+0.152和PO_4~(3-)-P=0.016(Z)~(-0.308)。
4.2007年湖口水体叶绿素a含量的变幅为2.12～6.89μg/L,2008年为2.02～7.72μg╱L。湖口水体叶绿素a含量季节变化明显,低值出现在冬季,高值则出现在春季末至秋季初。另外,叶绿素a含量与湖口的水位、水温、透明度以及总氮和总磷比值呈正相关,而与悬浮物、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氮化物和磷化物呈负相关。其中与水位的回归方程为Chl-a=-6.696+4.627 Ln(Z),与水位和各水环境因子的逐步回归方程为Chl-a=-1.703-9.251(NH_4~+-N)+0.984(pH)+0.077(TN/TP)+44.204(NO_2~--N)。
5.本次研究在鄱阳湖湖口水域共记录鱼类50种,分别隶属6目12科42属。在种类组成中以鲤科鱼类为主,共30种,占鱼类种数的60.00%;在渔获物组成中以短颌鲚、似鳊、银鲴、鮈类、黄颡鱼类以及粲、飘鱼类为主。另外,鄱阳湖湖口水域的渔获物个体数、渔获物重量、鱼类种数、物种丰富度以及群落多样度与湖口的水位、水温、水体透明度和叶绿素a浓度都存在正相关关系。
6.1991～2008年,长江各类鱼苗中四大家鱼比例变幅为10.03%～15.76%,总体呈现先降后升趋势。在长江四大家鱼鱼苗成色中,青鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼苗所占比例呈下降趋势,它们随时间变化方程分别为y=-1.140t+29.355、y=-0.448t+51.086、y=33.288 e~(-0.111t);而鲢鱼苗所占比例呈上升趋势,其随时间变化方程为y=4.586 e~(0.115t)。
7.根据2007～2008年监测,进入鄱阳湖的长江四大家鱼幼鱼以鲢为主,鳙所占比例较小。长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖的时间主要集中在7、8月份,其中7月中下旬至8月底为青鱼、草鱼和鲢幼鱼的入湖高峰期;而鳙幼鱼的入湖高峰期出现在7月份。入湖的长江青鱼、鳙幼鱼以体长介于5.00～9.99 cm之间的个体为主,草鱼、鲢幼鱼以体长介于5.00～14.99 cm之间的个体为主。另外,2007年和2008年长江四大家鱼幼鱼的入湖数量与湖口水位均呈现正相关关系,且它们之间的回归方程F检验的P值均小于0.05的显著水平,说明湖口水位变化对长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖存在显著影响。
8.根据2007年和2008年长江四大家鱼幼鱼进入鄱阳湖的监测数据,结合鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程最新拟定的调度运行方式。拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽对长江四大家鱼幼鱼入湖可能存在的影响主要表现为:(1)一定数量的长江四大家鱼幼鱼滞留在鄱阳湖入江水道,导致鄱阳湖区四大家鱼资源减少;(2)长江四大家鱼幼鱼经过鄱阳湖入长江口进入鄱阳湖入江水道的数量减少。
Water level fluctuations in lakes are dominant forces controlling the functioning of lacustrine ecosystems.The ecological effects of water level fluctuations in lakes are an urgent issue.Poyang Lake is a naturally fluctuating lake.However,this lack of knowledge concerning the effects of water level fluctuations is most remarkable. Thus,there is an urgent need for data on the relationships between water levels changes and ecosystem responses in the Poyang Lake.As one of the two large lakes maintaining a connection with the mainstream of Yangtze River,Poyang Lake could be an invaluable feeding ground of juvenile black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp.So far the larval migration of black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake has been scanty.
In order to study the ecological effects of water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake,this paper could be distinguished two parts.(1) This paper analyzed the variation characteristics of water level and main water environmental factors in Hukou area of Poyang Lake.The relationships among water environmental factors and their responses to water level fluctuations were interpreted.(2) The effects of water level and water environmental factors on the fish community in Hukou area of Poyang Lake were illustrated simultaneously.Meanwhile,the effects of water level and water temperature on the larval migration of black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were illustrated.And the effects of the Poyang Lake Hydro-junction Project on the larval migration of the four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were analyzed.
The main conclusions have been summarized as follows:
1.The water level annual fluctuation in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was normal distribution.The relationship between water level of Poyang Lake(Hukou Station) and that of Yangtze River(Jiujiang Station) was positive and linear. Comparing with water level in the Hukou area from 1950 to 2001,the monthly average of water level in the Hukou area from 2007 to 2008 declined.Moreover,the increase speed of water level in the Hukou area slowed and the speed droop accelerated.
2.The water in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was weak alkalinity.The temporal and spatial differences of pH were not significant.But the temporal differences of other water environmental factors,such as water temperature(WT), transparency(SD),suspended matter(SS),dissolved oxygen(DO),permanganate index(COD_(Mn)),nitride(TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N and NO_2~--N) and phosphide(TP, PO_4~(3-)-P),were obvious.The water temperature and transparency in high water season were higher than that in dry season.But the concentrations of suspended matter, dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,nitride and phosphide in dry season were higher than that in high water season.The concentrations of suspended matter, permanganate index,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in different water layers were arranged in the following order:bottom water＞intermediate water＞surface water.And the arranging order of dissolved oxygen in different water layers was intermediate water＞surface water＞bottom water.In addition,the correlations among water environmental factors in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake were studied.There were positive correlations between suspended matter and permanganate index,nitride and phosphide.But negative correlations between dissolved oxygen and temperature,permanganate index and dissolved oxygen,transparency and suspended matter were noted.
3.The effects of water level fluctuations on water environmental factors in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake were analyzed.With increases of water level,the transparency increased accordingly.The correlation model between water level and transparency was SD=0.017e~(0.199(Z)).But with increases of water level,the permanganate index and the concentrations of suspended matter,dissolved oxygen, nitride and phosphide declined accordingly.The correlation models between them were SS=3.479(Z)~2-1246.62(Z)+1147.3,DO=-0.479(Z)+13.918,COD_(Mn)= -0.009(Z)~2+0.091(Z)+3.345,TN=-0.006(Z)~2+0.024(Z)+2.135,NH_4~+-N = 1.645e~(-0.138(Z)),NO_3~--N=0.957-0.043(Z)、NO_2~--N=0.062-0.003(Z),TP= -0.001(Z)~2+0.005(Z)+0.152 and PO_4~(3-)-P=0.016(Z)~(-0.308).
4.The chlorophyll a concentration in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was estimated to be in the range of 2.12～6.89μg/L in 2007 and 2.02～7.72μg/L in 2008. The season variation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake was significant.The lower chlorophyll a concentration occurred in winter,and higher chlorophyll a concentration occurred in late spring to early autumn.In addition, the relationships between chlorophyll a and water level,water temperature, transparency and TN/TP were positive.But the correlations between chlorophyll a and suspended matter,dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,nitride and phosphide were negative.The correlation model between chlorophyll a concentration and water level was Chl-a=-6.696+4.627 Ln(Z).And the stepwise regressive equation between chlorophyll a concentration and water level,water environmental factors was Chl-a=-1.703-9.251(NH_4~+-N)+0.984(pH)+0.077(TN/TP)+44.204(NO_2~--N).
5.A total of 50 fish species belonging to 6 orders 12 families 43 genus were found in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake.There were 30 cyprinid fishes,accounting for 60.00%of the total fish species.In the composition of catches,the dominant fishes were Coilia brachygnathus,Pseudobrama simony,Xenocypris argentea, Saurogobio dabryi,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Hemiculter sp. In addition,the correlations between fish community(individual number,fish catch, fish species,species richness and community diversity) and environmental factors (water level,water temperature,transparency and chlorophyll a) were positive.
6.The proportion of four major Chinese carps fry in Yangtze River ranged from 10.03%to 15.76%in 1991～2008,and with a trend of decrease first and then increase.In the composition of four major Chinese carps fry,there was a downward trend in each proportion of black carp,grass carp and bighead carp,but the proportion of silver carp showed an increasing trend.Their respective temporal variation models were y=-1.140t+29.355,y=-0.448t+51.086,y=33.288e~(-0.111t) and y=4.586e~(0.115t).
7.The dominant larvae of four major Chinese carps migrating from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were silver carp in 2007～2008.And the larvae of bighead carp were litter.Their migrating peak ranged from July to August.The peak period of black carp,grass carp and silver carp ranged from middle of July to late August,and the peak of bighead carp appeared in July.The migratory individuals of black carp and bighead carp ranging from 5.00 to 9.00 cm in standard length were numerically dominant,and the larvae of grass carp and silver carp ranging from 5.00 to 14.99 cm were dominant.The relationships between water level of Poyang Lake(Hukou Station) and their respective daily number migrating from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were significant positive.Moreover,the F test of correlation models between water level and respective daily immigration numbers were significant level(P＜0.05).This showed that the effects of water level fluctuations on the larval migration of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake were significant.
8.According to the data from 2007 to 2008 and the dispatching mode,the main effects of Poyang Lake Hydro-junction Project on the larval migration of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake as follows:(1) Some larvaes of four major Chinese carps would be detained in the channel.The resources of four major Chinese carps in the Poyang Lake would be declined.(2) The migrating numbers of four major Chinese carps from Yangtze River to Poyang Lake would be shortened.
引文
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