滚筒洗衣机动态特性建模与结构参数优化研究
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摘要
由于整机结构配置问题与偏心衣物载荷产生的离心惯性力的作用,滚筒洗衣机在工作时的振动和噪音较大,并由此影响洗衣机的安全运行、使用寿命以及人机环境质量。研究滚筒洗衣机的动态特性,并为洗衣机结构动态优化设计提供指导和方法工具,对于提高我国自主研发洗衣机创新型产品的能力,意义深远。
悬挂系统和箱体是组成滚筒洗衣机的两大主要部件。改进机械结构、达到抑振降噪的目的,重点是开发新的悬挂平衡系统。按照由简入深的顺序,利用Lagrange力学方法,先后为1/2悬挂系统、整体悬挂系统进行数学建模,揭示其动力学实质和筒体质心的平面运动规律。实验研究表明,将筒体视为刚体的建模假设和采用平面模型研究滚筒洗衣机悬挂系统的振动性能是可行的。筒体质心运动轨迹的仿真分析和实验结果基本吻合,证明了所建模型的有效性。继而,在ADAMS环境下,建立滚筒洗衣机的虚拟样机。基于虚拟样机,对悬挂系统配重的修正方法、结构参数的动态优化设计等进行一系列规范化研究;找到了表征洗衣机工作平稳性的目标函数及其对结构设计参数变化的灵敏度关系曲线。
箱体是承载洗衣机悬挂系统的基础框架,其动态特性直接影响洗衣机的整体性能。利用ANSYS软件,建立箱体的有限元模型。基于计算模态,建立箱体的振动测试模型。通过有限元分析和模态实验,得到滚筒洗衣机箱体的固有频率及振型,由此识别出结构中存在的薄弱环节和可能被破坏区域。再者,利用ANSYS和ADAMS实现悬挂系统与箱体组成的洗衣机多体系统的刚-柔耦合建模。通过瞬态动力学仿真分析,进一步考察箱体的振动性态,从而为箱体结构的改进设计以及悬挂系统的参数优化结果验证,提供一种可行、便捷的方法或手段。
Due to the issue of the structural configuration and the centrifugal forces of the unbalance mass, a drum type washing machine operates with high vibration and noise, which strongly affects its safe operation, service life and the quality of human-machine environment. It is of profound significance, studying on the dynamics characteristics of the washing machine and providing guidance or tools for optimizing design of it, to enhance abilities of independent research and innovation for Chinese products.
One of the main parts of the washing machine is a suspension system, also including a cabinet. It is the key to develop a novel suspension system to improve the mechanical structure for achieving the goal of reducing vibration and noise. This paper develops mathematical models for the 1/2 suspension system and whole system, respectively, step by step in order to reveal the dynamics essence and the laws of plane motion of the tub-assembly mass center. Experiment study indicates that the modeling assumption of the tub as a rigid body, with applying the planar model into investigating the suspension system of the drum washing machine, is practicable. As well, simulation of the orbit of the tub centroid is in better agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the model. Then, the virtual prototype for the washing machine is built using the software of ADAMS. Based on the virtual prototype, the method how to update the counterweight and to optimize the structural design is carried out. Furthermore, the paper proposes an objective function characterizing the operation smoothness of the washing machine and its sensitivity curves to design variables.
The cabinet is the base framework bearing the suspension system, whose dynamic characteristics directly affects whole performance of the drum washing machine. Using ANSYS, the finite element model for the cabinet is presented. Based on theoretical modes, this paper illustrates the model for testing vibration of the cabinet. The natural frequencies and modal shapes are obtained by finite element analysis and modal experiment, which reveal weak positions of the cabinet. Moreover, the paper proposes rigid-flexible coupled modeling method for the washing machine multibody system, the tub-assembly as rigid and the cabinet as flexible. The vibration behaviour of the cabinet can be furtherly investigated by transient dynamic analysis, which afford an available method which is convenient for improving the cabinet’s design and assessing the optimization results of the suspension system by undertaking a parametric investigation.
悬挂系统和箱体是组成滚筒洗衣机的两大主要部件。改进机械结构、达到抑振降噪的目的,重点是开发新的悬挂平衡系统。按照由简入深的顺序,利用Lagrange力学方法,先后为1/2悬挂系统、整体悬挂系统进行数学建模,揭示其动力学实质和筒体质心的平面运动规律。实验研究表明,将筒体视为刚体的建模假设和采用平面模型研究滚筒洗衣机悬挂系统的振动性能是可行的。筒体质心运动轨迹的仿真分析和实验结果基本吻合,证明了所建模型的有效性。继而,在ADAMS环境下,建立滚筒洗衣机的虚拟样机。基于虚拟样机,对悬挂系统配重的修正方法、结构参数的动态优化设计等进行一系列规范化研究;找到了表征洗衣机工作平稳性的目标函数及其对结构设计参数变化的灵敏度关系曲线。
箱体是承载洗衣机悬挂系统的基础框架,其动态特性直接影响洗衣机的整体性能。利用ANSYS软件,建立箱体的有限元模型。基于计算模态,建立箱体的振动测试模型。通过有限元分析和模态实验,得到滚筒洗衣机箱体的固有频率及振型,由此识别出结构中存在的薄弱环节和可能被破坏区域。再者,利用ANSYS和ADAMS实现悬挂系统与箱体组成的洗衣机多体系统的刚-柔耦合建模。通过瞬态动力学仿真分析,进一步考察箱体的振动性态,从而为箱体结构的改进设计以及悬挂系统的参数优化结果验证,提供一种可行、便捷的方法或手段。
Due to the issue of the structural configuration and the centrifugal forces of the unbalance mass, a drum type washing machine operates with high vibration and noise, which strongly affects its safe operation, service life and the quality of human-machine environment. It is of profound significance, studying on the dynamics characteristics of the washing machine and providing guidance or tools for optimizing design of it, to enhance abilities of independent research and innovation for Chinese products.
One of the main parts of the washing machine is a suspension system, also including a cabinet. It is the key to develop a novel suspension system to improve the mechanical structure for achieving the goal of reducing vibration and noise. This paper develops mathematical models for the 1/2 suspension system and whole system, respectively, step by step in order to reveal the dynamics essence and the laws of plane motion of the tub-assembly mass center. Experiment study indicates that the modeling assumption of the tub as a rigid body, with applying the planar model into investigating the suspension system of the drum washing machine, is practicable. As well, simulation of the orbit of the tub centroid is in better agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the model. Then, the virtual prototype for the washing machine is built using the software of ADAMS. Based on the virtual prototype, the method how to update the counterweight and to optimize the structural design is carried out. Furthermore, the paper proposes an objective function characterizing the operation smoothness of the washing machine and its sensitivity curves to design variables.
The cabinet is the base framework bearing the suspension system, whose dynamic characteristics directly affects whole performance of the drum washing machine. Using ANSYS, the finite element model for the cabinet is presented. Based on theoretical modes, this paper illustrates the model for testing vibration of the cabinet. The natural frequencies and modal shapes are obtained by finite element analysis and modal experiment, which reveal weak positions of the cabinet. Moreover, the paper proposes rigid-flexible coupled modeling method for the washing machine multibody system, the tub-assembly as rigid and the cabinet as flexible. The vibration behaviour of the cabinet can be furtherly investigated by transient dynamic analysis, which afford an available method which is convenient for improving the cabinet’s design and assessing the optimization results of the suspension system by undertaking a parametric investigation.
引文
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