区域创新系统中中小企业角色定位与成长对策研究
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摘要
近年来,区域创新能力已经成为支撑地区经济增长、提高产业整体竞争力的基础性条件。从国际上来看,经济实力和创新能力已成为国家竞争力的关键所在。从国内来看,国内不断变化的经济形势也使得对区域创新系统的研究显得日益重要。同时,一个引人注目的“新发展现象”是,自20世纪70年代以后,全球范围内的小企业开始复兴,并在许多国家的经济生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。同样,中小企业在我国经济生活中也占有十分重要的地位。大量事实证明,中小企业发展势头比较好的地方也正是地区经济发展比较快的地方;反之,哪个地区的中小企业发展迟缓,哪个地区的经济发展就慢。在以市场机制为主要资源配置方式的区域创新系统中,中小企业在创新系统中既承担着把高校和科研机构的研发成果转化为市场所需要产品的实践主体,同时也是将市场对科学技术的需求信息传递给科研机构的行为主体。因此,研究在区域创新系统中中小企业角色定位及其成长对策,具有十分重要的意义。
在对国内外区域创新体系理论进行认真总结和客观评价的基础上,论文首先对我国中小企业的区域分布进行了分析,分析发现中小企业的地区分布同我国各区域的区域创新能力呈现出显著的典型相关性,并从中小企业的规模、科技、民营、集群等方面的特征分析了其与区域创新能力呈现相关性的创新优势,并着重研究了目前我国RIS中中小企业所扮演的角色现状。
论文从动态博弈的角度深入研究了中小企业在区域创新系统中的运行机理,研究发现,通常情况下中小企业易与高校进行复杂性不高、风险性较低的合作项目且中小企业与高校及政府的合作创新,合作的模式不是单一的而是多样的;在不同的情况下,不同的合作模式均可以达到博弈均衡:具体的合作模式要根据具体的情况而定。而中小企业与其他企业进行合作创新则比较复杂,多种因素的存在和变化对博弈均衡的形成有着这种或那样的影响。委托方期望支付、中小企业和其他企业自身拥有的创新资源量、负效用(函数)以及合作双方的利益分配等因素都是影响中小企业与其他企业进行合作的重要影响因素。总体来说,虽然中小企业与RIS中其他创新主体合作创新的重要性和紧迫性,但他们之间的合作并没有想象的那么简单
本文首次运用协整方法构建了中小企业对RIS创新驱动力的贡献的模型,发现无论从长期看还是短期看,政府的直接干预对RIS创新绩效有正的显著影响,产学研的联系强度对创新的促进作用并没体现出来,而中小企业在RIS中的研发投入弹性在短期内仅为0.0547,但从长期看在各创新主体中其弹性最大,并对此进行了详尽分析并提出了相应的政策建议。在此基础上,为了能将RIS的效用更好地发挥出来,使结论更具有可靠性和现实意义,论文采用了系统动力学(System Dynamics,SD)的方法,根据RIS中中小企业角色定位的静态系统结构,完成了RIS中小企业角色定位的动态系统仿真模型的设计,使得从系统层面研究RIS的运行模式成为可能。通过对我国RIS的运行情况进行了仿真,发现无论是从创新资金的直接来源上看,还是从政府对各创新主体的支持上看,中小企业的投入均对RIS的产出绩效影响最大,由此得出了随着我国经济发展,中小企业应成为区域创新系统的基础和技术创新的关键主体。
最后,论文针对实证分析所得出的结论,提出要实现RIS中中小企业的健康快速成长,首先要通过强化中小企业的主体地位的意识进行RIS中中小企业的角色转换,然后通过构建企业集群和营造有利于中小企业成长的区域环境等外部途径以及提升中小企业自身竞争力等内部途径来促进中小企业的成长,使其行为与定位相匹配。
Recently, regional innovation ability has become the basic condition to support regional economic growth and improve the industrial overall competitiveness. In the sight of international situation, economic strength and innovation ability has become the key of national competitiveness. In terms of domestic changing economic trend, it becomes more and more important to do research on regional innovation system. Meanwhile, a noticeable new phenomenon has appeared. From 1970s, small enterprises in the worldwide became to rise and play an important role in many countries. In the same way, SME play an important part in Chinese economy. The fact proved that, where the SME develop well, the economy also develops well in this district. Contrary, where the SME develop slowly, the economy also develops slowly. In the regional innovation system where the main way of resources distribution is market system, SME are not only the practice subject to transform the R&D achievements to the demanding products but also the behavior to transfer the market information of science and technology to the scientific research institutions. As a result, it is very important to do research on the role positioning and growth countermeasures of SME in regional innovation system.
On the summary and objective evaluation of RIS theory domestic and overseas, this paper analyzes the regional distribution of Chinese SME and finds that there is a typical correlation between regional distribution of SME and regional innovation ability. This paper also analyzes the innovation advantages of the correlation according to the features of SME's scale, science and technology, private and cluster and mainly studies the role situation of SME in RIS recently.
This paper studies the operational mechanism of SME in RIS through the theory of dynamic game and finds that, usually SME are likely to cooperate with universities to do some projects with low complexity and risk and the mode of cooperative innovation are varies. In different situation, all modes can reach game equilibrium, and specific cooperation mode is determined by certain situation. It is complicated for SME to cooperate with others. The existing and changing of many factors have some affects on game equilibrium. The factors that affect the cooperation between SME and other enterprises are the expecting payment of consigners, the available innovation resources of SME and other enterprises, negative utility function and the distribution of interest on cooperation. In a word, although it is important and urgent for SME to cooperate with other enterprises in RIS, the cooperation between them is more complicated than we think.
This paper first takes use of co-integration method to set up a model of SME's contribution to innovation driving forces in RIS and finds that regardless of short-term or long-term, the direct interference of government has positive significant affect on innovation performance of RIS and the promotion to innovation of Enterprises, Colleges and Institutes is not obvious. The R&D input elasticity of SME in RIS is only 0.0547 in short-term, but in the long-term the elasticity is the biggest in all the innovation subjects. This paper does a detail analysis of the elasticity and puts some suggestions. In order to bring RIS into full play and make the conclusion more reliable and useful, this paper uses system dynamics method. According to the static system structure of SME role position in RIS, the paper design a dynamic system simulation model of SME role position in RIS, so it is possible to study the operational mode of RIS from system lever. Through the simulation of operation situation of Chinese RIS, this paper finds that regardless of the direct source of innovation funs or the support to innovation subject of government, the input of SME has important affect on the output performance of RIS. As a result, the paper gets a conclusion that with the development of Chinese economy, it is imperative to make SME the basic of RIS and the core subject of technology innovation.
Finally, according to the conclusion from empirical analysis, this paper puts forwards that in order to make SME grow healthy and fast, SME in the RIS should transform role by reinforcing the consciousness of SME's subjective position and then promote the role upgrading by constructing enterprise cluster and building favorable regional environment for SME's growth.
在对国内外区域创新体系理论进行认真总结和客观评价的基础上,论文首先对我国中小企业的区域分布进行了分析,分析发现中小企业的地区分布同我国各区域的区域创新能力呈现出显著的典型相关性,并从中小企业的规模、科技、民营、集群等方面的特征分析了其与区域创新能力呈现相关性的创新优势,并着重研究了目前我国RIS中中小企业所扮演的角色现状。
论文从动态博弈的角度深入研究了中小企业在区域创新系统中的运行机理,研究发现,通常情况下中小企业易与高校进行复杂性不高、风险性较低的合作项目且中小企业与高校及政府的合作创新,合作的模式不是单一的而是多样的;在不同的情况下,不同的合作模式均可以达到博弈均衡:具体的合作模式要根据具体的情况而定。而中小企业与其他企业进行合作创新则比较复杂,多种因素的存在和变化对博弈均衡的形成有着这种或那样的影响。委托方期望支付、中小企业和其他企业自身拥有的创新资源量、负效用(函数)以及合作双方的利益分配等因素都是影响中小企业与其他企业进行合作的重要影响因素。总体来说,虽然中小企业与RIS中其他创新主体合作创新的重要性和紧迫性,但他们之间的合作并没有想象的那么简单
本文首次运用协整方法构建了中小企业对RIS创新驱动力的贡献的模型,发现无论从长期看还是短期看,政府的直接干预对RIS创新绩效有正的显著影响,产学研的联系强度对创新的促进作用并没体现出来,而中小企业在RIS中的研发投入弹性在短期内仅为0.0547,但从长期看在各创新主体中其弹性最大,并对此进行了详尽分析并提出了相应的政策建议。在此基础上,为了能将RIS的效用更好地发挥出来,使结论更具有可靠性和现实意义,论文采用了系统动力学(System Dynamics,SD)的方法,根据RIS中中小企业角色定位的静态系统结构,完成了RIS中小企业角色定位的动态系统仿真模型的设计,使得从系统层面研究RIS的运行模式成为可能。通过对我国RIS的运行情况进行了仿真,发现无论是从创新资金的直接来源上看,还是从政府对各创新主体的支持上看,中小企业的投入均对RIS的产出绩效影响最大,由此得出了随着我国经济发展,中小企业应成为区域创新系统的基础和技术创新的关键主体。
最后,论文针对实证分析所得出的结论,提出要实现RIS中中小企业的健康快速成长,首先要通过强化中小企业的主体地位的意识进行RIS中中小企业的角色转换,然后通过构建企业集群和营造有利于中小企业成长的区域环境等外部途径以及提升中小企业自身竞争力等内部途径来促进中小企业的成长,使其行为与定位相匹配。
Recently, regional innovation ability has become the basic condition to support regional economic growth and improve the industrial overall competitiveness. In the sight of international situation, economic strength and innovation ability has become the key of national competitiveness. In terms of domestic changing economic trend, it becomes more and more important to do research on regional innovation system. Meanwhile, a noticeable new phenomenon has appeared. From 1970s, small enterprises in the worldwide became to rise and play an important role in many countries. In the same way, SME play an important part in Chinese economy. The fact proved that, where the SME develop well, the economy also develops well in this district. Contrary, where the SME develop slowly, the economy also develops slowly. In the regional innovation system where the main way of resources distribution is market system, SME are not only the practice subject to transform the R&D achievements to the demanding products but also the behavior to transfer the market information of science and technology to the scientific research institutions. As a result, it is very important to do research on the role positioning and growth countermeasures of SME in regional innovation system.
On the summary and objective evaluation of RIS theory domestic and overseas, this paper analyzes the regional distribution of Chinese SME and finds that there is a typical correlation between regional distribution of SME and regional innovation ability. This paper also analyzes the innovation advantages of the correlation according to the features of SME's scale, science and technology, private and cluster and mainly studies the role situation of SME in RIS recently.
This paper studies the operational mechanism of SME in RIS through the theory of dynamic game and finds that, usually SME are likely to cooperate with universities to do some projects with low complexity and risk and the mode of cooperative innovation are varies. In different situation, all modes can reach game equilibrium, and specific cooperation mode is determined by certain situation. It is complicated for SME to cooperate with others. The existing and changing of many factors have some affects on game equilibrium. The factors that affect the cooperation between SME and other enterprises are the expecting payment of consigners, the available innovation resources of SME and other enterprises, negative utility function and the distribution of interest on cooperation. In a word, although it is important and urgent for SME to cooperate with other enterprises in RIS, the cooperation between them is more complicated than we think.
This paper first takes use of co-integration method to set up a model of SME's contribution to innovation driving forces in RIS and finds that regardless of short-term or long-term, the direct interference of government has positive significant affect on innovation performance of RIS and the promotion to innovation of Enterprises, Colleges and Institutes is not obvious. The R&D input elasticity of SME in RIS is only 0.0547 in short-term, but in the long-term the elasticity is the biggest in all the innovation subjects. This paper does a detail analysis of the elasticity and puts some suggestions. In order to bring RIS into full play and make the conclusion more reliable and useful, this paper uses system dynamics method. According to the static system structure of SME role position in RIS, the paper design a dynamic system simulation model of SME role position in RIS, so it is possible to study the operational mode of RIS from system lever. Through the simulation of operation situation of Chinese RIS, this paper finds that regardless of the direct source of innovation funs or the support to innovation subject of government, the input of SME has important affect on the output performance of RIS. As a result, the paper gets a conclusion that with the development of Chinese economy, it is imperative to make SME the basic of RIS and the core subject of technology innovation.
Finally, according to the conclusion from empirical analysis, this paper puts forwards that in order to make SME grow healthy and fast, SME in the RIS should transform role by reinforcing the consciousness of SME's subjective position and then promote the role upgrading by constructing enterprise cluster and building favorable regional environment for SME's growth.
引文
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