肇源—太平川地区葡萄花油层储层精细预测及成藏条件研究
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摘要
肇源-太平川地区位于松辽盆地北部,跨三肇凹陷、朝阳沟阶地、长春岭背斜带、宾县-王府凹陷、绥化凹陷等构造单元,葡萄花油层是研究区中上部含油组合最重要的含油目的层,现有的地质认识已不能满足勘探的需要。本论文运用沉积学、层序地层学、石油地质学等学科的理论和方法,对研究区层序格架、沉积相、储层预测、储集条件、成藏类型进行了深入研究,总结出油气成藏主控因素,指出了下一步勘探的方向。
层序与沉积作用研究表明,在四级层序控制下,葡萄花油层总体上发育6个四级层序体系域,自下而上,SB1、SB2体系域均可发育有利的储集层,而SB3在肇源-太平川地区基本以湖湘沉积为主。通过沉积微相研究,得出长垣以东地区沉积相分布的整体特征是:具有环状分布特征,自边缘隆起区向中央凹陷区沉积相带依次为三角洲平原-三角洲内前缘-三角洲外前缘-湖相组合或平原淤积相-湖相组合,东部和南部主要发育平原淤积相;具有宽展的三角洲前缘亚相,分流河道和水下分流河道发育,平面上分流河道多呈网状展布,水下分流河道多呈枝状展布。同时,优势相带控油明显,其中以分流河道、席状砂油气最为富集,往往与断裂相切割形成构造-岩性油气藏。
储层的预测主要是刻画砂体展布和连通情况,克服反演多解性提高纵向分辨率是反演的重中之重。地震反演表明,不同曲线对砂泥岩响应敏感差异很大,波阻抗曲线很难区分出砂泥岩边界,而自然伽马曲线和自然电位曲线与砂泥岩统计相关很好,能够很好区分砂泥岩界限,电阻率曲线次之。通过对不同反演方法试验表明,对勘探程度较高、井网密度较大的区域,随机反演和重构反演是较为理想的方法之一,纵向上能够识别出1m以下砂体;若在勘探程度低的工区,井少储层薄,蒙特卡洛-马尔科夫链反演与重构反演更能够客观刻画砂体。因此本次储层反演上针对不同工区勘探现状,采用不同反演方法进行储层预测。
地震反演预测表明,整体上砂岩北厚南薄,河道砂呈断续条带状分布,而且砂岩以薄层为主,不同相带差别大。北部距离物源较近,反演剖面显示砂体不受断裂控制,断层两盘均发育,南部地区以三角洲外前缘相为主,砂体连通性差,由于水能量减弱,受控于断裂明显,在主断裂剪切调节作用下,主水道向断裂密集带延伸至尖灭。针对井间砂体分布情况,进行曲线敏感性重构,以地质统计随机反演方法为主,对井间砂体分布进行等概率模拟预测,优选概率高方案,提高预测的可靠性,完成储层厚度预测。
构造与断裂系统研究表明,升平鼻状构造和肇州鼻状构造紧邻生油中心,为一长期继承性古构造,隆起幅度明显,油源断层发育,因此最有利于油气的聚集,勘探实践也证明了这一点。榆树林油田亦为古鼻状构造,但由于断层封闭性较差,油源断层少,缺乏构造、岩性等其它条件构成圈闭,油气很难大面积聚集成藏。
油源断层方面,主要从三个方面厘定:一是是否沟通源岩,二是沟通源岩的断层是否在排烃有效范围之内,三是排烃高峰时期,该断层是否为开启断层或活动断层。通过对断层生长指数、伸展速率、断层垂向侧向封闭性研究,厘定出研究区葡萄花油层油源断层不仅是断穿T06以上层位的大断层,同时也存在向上断穿规模小的明末时期开启断层。
系统总结出不同走向方位断裂密集带成因与基底断裂关系密切,总结出工区发育三种成因断裂密集带,即兴城发育走滑成因断裂密集带,肇州油田以斜拉张作用密集带为主,榆树林南部以泥岩水平拆离成因和斜拉张成因共同作用断裂密集带,提出榆树林油田密集带成藏四种模式。
控制本区油水分布主控因素三点:1)升平-兴城构造带是形成构造-岩性油气藏有利区;2)油源断层、河道砂体及侧向封闭性断层的有机结合控制榆树林油田油水的富集;3)储层发育是制约丰乐、丰乐南、肇源南地区含油分布主要控制因素。油藏类型上归纳为与断层有关的背斜油气藏、与断层有关的岩性油气藏、与断层有关的断块油气藏三大类油藏类型,细分为七亚类油气藏,总结出两种成藏模式,并提出三类有利目标。
Zhaoyuan-taipingchuan area lie in north Songliao basin, across Sanzhao depression, Chaoyanggou terrace, Changchunling anticlinal zone, Binxian-Wangfu depression and Suihua depression, Putaohua formation is most important contains oil goal formation in this area center lower part to contain oil combines, the recognization can not fit in with the exploration, based on the theories and means of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, petroleum geology and so on, from the fine research of sequence frame work, sedimentary facies, forming type, store condition, and generalize on hydrocarbon forming condition and host controlled hydrocarbon factor,pointed out new objects and orientation of exploration.
Research on sequence and sedimentary shows that with the control of fourth order sequences, there are 6 fourth order sequences in Putaohua reservoir , from below,SB1,SB2 system tract can develop favorable reservoir,and SB3 in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan are lake sedimentary.through sedimentary micro-facies research ,we know that in the east of placantieline sedimentary facies have annular distribution, from marginal uplift area to concavity sedimentary phase zone are delta plain- delta inner edge- delta outer edge-lacustrine combination, the east and south part are mainly develop plain sedimentation;there exist wide front-delta, distributary channel and underwater distributary channel, on the surface the distributary channel are reticular distribution , underwater distributary channel are dendritic distribution. advantage phase zone oil-control obviously, the distributary channel and mat sand are enrichment, it often cut the fracture and generate structural-lithologic reservoir.
The reservoir prediction is mainly describe the sand and connectivity,overcome inversion multiple solutions. seismic inversion show that different curves are sensitive to sand differently, wave impedance curves are hard to distinguish the boundary of sand and mudstone ,resistivity curve takes second place。We can conclude the points according to comparison different methods of inversion : stochastic inversion and reconstitute inversion are ideal methods to areas with high degree of exploration and high well spacing density。In vertical direction,it can be identify sand body within 1 m; In the areas with low degree of exploration, low well spacing density, thin reservoir Monte-Carlo - Markov chain inversion method and reconstitute inversion are suitable to describe sand .Hence we can should take different methods to predict the reservoir according to different conditions of the prospect.
According to the study of seismic inversion, the reservoir characteristics is notheren tichk and southern thin, the channel sand is present intermittent distrrbution,and sand is mainly thin layer,and is different from facies belt. In the north it is near from sediment source,the profile of inversion is out of fracture,and is developed in both walls.In the sourth,it is mainly developed delta external front,and the sand connectivitied badly.Because of waters energy is sick,the sand is controlled by fracture obviously,the mainly channel is extension and thin out. In the sale of sand characteristics in wells, curve reconstruction is presented,the sand is simulated equiprobability among wells sbased on sand characteristics.The probability high frequently is selected,and improved reliability of prediction in order to finishing reservoir characteristics.
According to the study of structure and rift system,Shengping nosing structure and Zhaozhou nosing structure ,close to the hydrocarbon generation, long-term inherited structure with high-uplifted area and developed faults through the oil source, are favorable for accumulation of oil .It is also proved by exploratory survey. Yushulin structure, a nosing structure is hard to accumulated for large volume of hydrocarbon deposit because of its deficiency of structure,lithologic character and other elements。Fracture acts as channel during active period,through which the hydrocarbon migrate from source rock to the reservoir ;During repose period,fracture acts as plugged zone.Fracture-developed areas with different origin have different accumulation model with major fault and different.
According to evolutionary history,Sanzhao sag’peak period of expelling hydrocarbon was at the end of sedimentation time of Mingshui formation。We can judge whether the faults are source faults from three respect:if the faults are through the source rock to reservoir,if the faults are source faults within the valid boundary of expelling ,if the faults are activate or unsealing during the period of expelling。We can judge in the region of interest with consideration of growth factor,elongational velocity, vertical and lateral seality .
We summarize three factors control the reservoir type, distribution of hydrocarbon as follow:
1,It is favorable area of structure-lithology reservoir in Shengping-Xingcheng structural belt;
2,Distribution of oil and water is affected by source fault、channel sand and fault sealing organic combination in Yushulin oil field;
3,It is key factors whether the reservoir development effected in Fengle、Fenglenan、Zhaoyuannan area;
We can segregate the deposits in Zhaoyuan-taipingchuan area to three types :anticlinal reservoir relevant to faults ,lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir relevant to faults,fault block hydrocarbon reservoir relevant to faults,It can be subdivided to seven subtype,summarized to two reservoir formats。Finally we can submit three favourable target。
层序与沉积作用研究表明,在四级层序控制下,葡萄花油层总体上发育6个四级层序体系域,自下而上,SB1、SB2体系域均可发育有利的储集层,而SB3在肇源-太平川地区基本以湖湘沉积为主。通过沉积微相研究,得出长垣以东地区沉积相分布的整体特征是:具有环状分布特征,自边缘隆起区向中央凹陷区沉积相带依次为三角洲平原-三角洲内前缘-三角洲外前缘-湖相组合或平原淤积相-湖相组合,东部和南部主要发育平原淤积相;具有宽展的三角洲前缘亚相,分流河道和水下分流河道发育,平面上分流河道多呈网状展布,水下分流河道多呈枝状展布。同时,优势相带控油明显,其中以分流河道、席状砂油气最为富集,往往与断裂相切割形成构造-岩性油气藏。
储层的预测主要是刻画砂体展布和连通情况,克服反演多解性提高纵向分辨率是反演的重中之重。地震反演表明,不同曲线对砂泥岩响应敏感差异很大,波阻抗曲线很难区分出砂泥岩边界,而自然伽马曲线和自然电位曲线与砂泥岩统计相关很好,能够很好区分砂泥岩界限,电阻率曲线次之。通过对不同反演方法试验表明,对勘探程度较高、井网密度较大的区域,随机反演和重构反演是较为理想的方法之一,纵向上能够识别出1m以下砂体;若在勘探程度低的工区,井少储层薄,蒙特卡洛-马尔科夫链反演与重构反演更能够客观刻画砂体。因此本次储层反演上针对不同工区勘探现状,采用不同反演方法进行储层预测。
地震反演预测表明,整体上砂岩北厚南薄,河道砂呈断续条带状分布,而且砂岩以薄层为主,不同相带差别大。北部距离物源较近,反演剖面显示砂体不受断裂控制,断层两盘均发育,南部地区以三角洲外前缘相为主,砂体连通性差,由于水能量减弱,受控于断裂明显,在主断裂剪切调节作用下,主水道向断裂密集带延伸至尖灭。针对井间砂体分布情况,进行曲线敏感性重构,以地质统计随机反演方法为主,对井间砂体分布进行等概率模拟预测,优选概率高方案,提高预测的可靠性,完成储层厚度预测。
构造与断裂系统研究表明,升平鼻状构造和肇州鼻状构造紧邻生油中心,为一长期继承性古构造,隆起幅度明显,油源断层发育,因此最有利于油气的聚集,勘探实践也证明了这一点。榆树林油田亦为古鼻状构造,但由于断层封闭性较差,油源断层少,缺乏构造、岩性等其它条件构成圈闭,油气很难大面积聚集成藏。
油源断层方面,主要从三个方面厘定:一是是否沟通源岩,二是沟通源岩的断层是否在排烃有效范围之内,三是排烃高峰时期,该断层是否为开启断层或活动断层。通过对断层生长指数、伸展速率、断层垂向侧向封闭性研究,厘定出研究区葡萄花油层油源断层不仅是断穿T06以上层位的大断层,同时也存在向上断穿规模小的明末时期开启断层。
系统总结出不同走向方位断裂密集带成因与基底断裂关系密切,总结出工区发育三种成因断裂密集带,即兴城发育走滑成因断裂密集带,肇州油田以斜拉张作用密集带为主,榆树林南部以泥岩水平拆离成因和斜拉张成因共同作用断裂密集带,提出榆树林油田密集带成藏四种模式。
控制本区油水分布主控因素三点:1)升平-兴城构造带是形成构造-岩性油气藏有利区;2)油源断层、河道砂体及侧向封闭性断层的有机结合控制榆树林油田油水的富集;3)储层发育是制约丰乐、丰乐南、肇源南地区含油分布主要控制因素。油藏类型上归纳为与断层有关的背斜油气藏、与断层有关的岩性油气藏、与断层有关的断块油气藏三大类油藏类型,细分为七亚类油气藏,总结出两种成藏模式,并提出三类有利目标。
Zhaoyuan-taipingchuan area lie in north Songliao basin, across Sanzhao depression, Chaoyanggou terrace, Changchunling anticlinal zone, Binxian-Wangfu depression and Suihua depression, Putaohua formation is most important contains oil goal formation in this area center lower part to contain oil combines, the recognization can not fit in with the exploration, based on the theories and means of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, petroleum geology and so on, from the fine research of sequence frame work, sedimentary facies, forming type, store condition, and generalize on hydrocarbon forming condition and host controlled hydrocarbon factor,pointed out new objects and orientation of exploration.
Research on sequence and sedimentary shows that with the control of fourth order sequences, there are 6 fourth order sequences in Putaohua reservoir , from below,SB1,SB2 system tract can develop favorable reservoir,and SB3 in Zhaoyuan-Taipingchuan are lake sedimentary.through sedimentary micro-facies research ,we know that in the east of placantieline sedimentary facies have annular distribution, from marginal uplift area to concavity sedimentary phase zone are delta plain- delta inner edge- delta outer edge-lacustrine combination, the east and south part are mainly develop plain sedimentation;there exist wide front-delta, distributary channel and underwater distributary channel, on the surface the distributary channel are reticular distribution , underwater distributary channel are dendritic distribution. advantage phase zone oil-control obviously, the distributary channel and mat sand are enrichment, it often cut the fracture and generate structural-lithologic reservoir.
The reservoir prediction is mainly describe the sand and connectivity,overcome inversion multiple solutions. seismic inversion show that different curves are sensitive to sand differently, wave impedance curves are hard to distinguish the boundary of sand and mudstone ,resistivity curve takes second place。We can conclude the points according to comparison different methods of inversion : stochastic inversion and reconstitute inversion are ideal methods to areas with high degree of exploration and high well spacing density。In vertical direction,it can be identify sand body within 1 m; In the areas with low degree of exploration, low well spacing density, thin reservoir Monte-Carlo - Markov chain inversion method and reconstitute inversion are suitable to describe sand .Hence we can should take different methods to predict the reservoir according to different conditions of the prospect.
According to the study of seismic inversion, the reservoir characteristics is notheren tichk and southern thin, the channel sand is present intermittent distrrbution,and sand is mainly thin layer,and is different from facies belt. In the north it is near from sediment source,the profile of inversion is out of fracture,and is developed in both walls.In the sourth,it is mainly developed delta external front,and the sand connectivitied badly.Because of waters energy is sick,the sand is controlled by fracture obviously,the mainly channel is extension and thin out. In the sale of sand characteristics in wells, curve reconstruction is presented,the sand is simulated equiprobability among wells sbased on sand characteristics.The probability high frequently is selected,and improved reliability of prediction in order to finishing reservoir characteristics.
According to the study of structure and rift system,Shengping nosing structure and Zhaozhou nosing structure ,close to the hydrocarbon generation, long-term inherited structure with high-uplifted area and developed faults through the oil source, are favorable for accumulation of oil .It is also proved by exploratory survey. Yushulin structure, a nosing structure is hard to accumulated for large volume of hydrocarbon deposit because of its deficiency of structure,lithologic character and other elements。Fracture acts as channel during active period,through which the hydrocarbon migrate from source rock to the reservoir ;During repose period,fracture acts as plugged zone.Fracture-developed areas with different origin have different accumulation model with major fault and different.
According to evolutionary history,Sanzhao sag’peak period of expelling hydrocarbon was at the end of sedimentation time of Mingshui formation。We can judge whether the faults are source faults from three respect:if the faults are through the source rock to reservoir,if the faults are source faults within the valid boundary of expelling ,if the faults are activate or unsealing during the period of expelling。We can judge in the region of interest with consideration of growth factor,elongational velocity, vertical and lateral seality .
We summarize three factors control the reservoir type, distribution of hydrocarbon as follow:
1,It is favorable area of structure-lithology reservoir in Shengping-Xingcheng structural belt;
2,Distribution of oil and water is affected by source fault、channel sand and fault sealing organic combination in Yushulin oil field;
3,It is key factors whether the reservoir development effected in Fengle、Fenglenan、Zhaoyuannan area;
We can segregate the deposits in Zhaoyuan-taipingchuan area to three types :anticlinal reservoir relevant to faults ,lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir relevant to faults,fault block hydrocarbon reservoir relevant to faults,It can be subdivided to seven subtype,summarized to two reservoir formats。Finally we can submit three favourable target。
引文
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