舰空导弹指挥决策模型及应用研究
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摘要
协同作战是舰艇编队为应对日益严重的空中目标威胁而提出的一种以信息完全共享为构架的新型作战模式,它克服了传统基于烟囱式武器系统构架的综合调度困难、信息共享程度低等缺陷,体现了防空作战“体系”与“体系”对抗的特征,显著提升了舰载武器的防空作战效能。本文在概括分析协同作战研究现状,分析协同作战模式下武器、控制设备、传感器和目标的柔性连接构架特点的基础上,对舰空导弹在小型舰艇编队协同作战模式下的来袭空中目标的威胁程度和编队舰空导弹火力分配、射击指挥决策方案优选进行了较为系统的研究。研究的主要内容如下:
(1)提出一种将模糊集理论、神经网路、遗传算法综合的模糊优选神经网络目标攻击企图判别模型。利用协同作战模式下目标观察范围广,航迹跟踪时间长等特点,针对获取融合后的空中目标实施攻击过程的特征信息,建立神经网络判别模型,利用遗传算法良好的全局搜索能力,实现目标攻击企图的自动学习、实时判断,便于及时积累目标实施攻击的特征,更新攻击方式和方法的信息,全面判别目标攻击企图。
(2)根据协同作战条件下大大增强了战场态势的感知能力,减少了因为缺乏目标信息而难于决策的困难,同时大量模糊信息、残缺信息的涌入增加了作出精确判断的难度的特点。应用模糊集理论,建立目标函数为全体样本属性对于全体级别加权广义欧氏权距离平方和最小的非线性规划模型。通过积累的样本库对模型进行迭代辨识,确认空中目标威胁等级模式识别的分类标准和属性权重。该模型可以实时用于空中目标的威胁等级识别,拓展后可以用于空中目标部分属性值残缺条件下的模糊识别。提出了部分距离替代法、直接等效法和最近原型法三种属性值残缺情况下的模糊识别方法算法。实现了对空中目标属性数据完整或残缺情况下使用相同模型进行威胁等级模糊识别,从而提高了舰艇编队对空防御作战自动化程度。
(3)鉴于协同作战模式改变了传统固定链路“烟囱式”武器系统构架,实现目标、武器、控制单元、传感器的火力通道柔性连接,达到控制单元对传感器、火力单元实时灵活切换。在共享统一的战场态势基础上,拓展传统武器目标分配的概念,建立了空中目标突防期望值最小和组织抗击占用防空资源最少,适用于火力单元、打击目标、控制单元实时调度的火力分配模型,优化调度舰艇编队舰空导弹资源,提高舰空导弹资源的利用效率,有效提高了编队的防空作战效能。
(4)编队火力分配中确定火力通道后,将提出舰空导弹多次射击方案序列概念,将模糊优选理论与动态规划原理结合起来,舰空导弹射击方案序列中的每一次射击作为一个阶段,建立以尽可能少占用防空资源、消耗舰空导弹最少、达到可靠毁伤来袭空中目标的模糊优选动态规划模型。根据不同战场态势条件下对防空资源的占用程度,灵活选取不同射击阶段各决策指标权重;根据可抗击的舰空导弹资源条件和来袭目标的威胁程度,实时求取对来袭空中目标多次抗击的优化射击指挥方案序列。减少对空中目标抗击时对舰空导弹资源的占用程度,从而有效提高舰艇编队对空中目标的作战效能,满足未来舰艇编队有效抗击多方向、多批次饱和攻击的要求,提高舰艇编队整体的防空作战能力,较好地解决编队协同作战预研中指挥决策的关键问题。
最后对全文作了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题作了分析和展望。
Cooperative engagement, based on the framework of fully sharing of information, is a new operational mode aiming at increasingly serious air targets threats. The cooperative engagement overcomes the drawbacks of the difficulty of comprehensive dispatching and low level of information sharing embodied in the traditional "chimney-type" weapon system framework, reflects the countermeasure feature of one system against another system in anti-air operation, and remarkably improves the anti-air operation efficiency of ship-borne weapons. Based on the analysis of the current situation of cooperative engagement as well as the characteristics of the soft connection framework between weapons, control units, sensors and targets in the mode of cooperative engagement, a relatively systematic study has been done in this dissertation on the degree of threat of incoming air target, fire distribution of ship-to-air missile of ship formation and the priority of firing command decision making plan in the cooperative engagement mode. The main contents of the study are as follows.
(1) A fuzzy-priority-neural-network-target-attack-intention orienting model is put forward, which integrates fuzzy set theory, neural network, and genetic algorithm. A neural network orienting model is established in accordance with the features of the air target attack procedure acquired after fusion. The comprehensive searching capability of the genetic algorithm is utilized to achieve the auto-learning, real-time judgment so as to timely accumulate the attack signatures of targets, to update the information of attack modes and methods of the target and to comprehensively judge the attack intention of the target.
(2) A non-linear programming model is established which sets a goal function by minimizing the sum of the squares of the weighted generalized Euclidean distances of the total sample attributes to the all grades, in accordance with the greatly increased sensing capability of the battlefield situation, the decreased difficulties of decision making for lack of target information and of precision decision making owing to the entering of large amount of fuzzy and fragmentary information under the condition of cooperative engagement. Iterative discriminating is done by using the accumulated sample bank to determine the classification standard and attribute weighting of mode discriminating of the degree of threat of air targets. This model can be used in real time to discriminate the degree of threat of air targets. After extended, it can be used for fuzzy discriminating of air targets when the attribute information is incomplete. Under the circumstances of incomplete attribute values, three fuzzy discriminating method algorithms, partial range substituting method, direct equivalent method and closest prototype method are proposed, which achieve the fuzzy discriminating of the degree of threat by using the same model when the attribute data of air target are complete or fragmentary so as to improve the level of automation of the anti-air operation of ship formation.
(3) The soft connection between weapon, control and sensors is advanced to realize the flexible switch-over of sensors and fire power units through control units according to the characteristics of the cooperative engagement mode which completely changes the traditional fixed link "chimney type" weapon system framework. Based on the sharing of unified battle field situation, by breaking the limit of the concept of traditional weapon target fire power distribution, a non-linear programming model of fire power distribution is set up for the real time dispatching of fire power units, target to be attacked and control unit, which can optimize the dispatching of anti-air resources within the ship formation to greatly increase the anti-air capability of the ship formation.
(4) Based on the determining of the sequence of the multiple firing plan of the ship-to-air missile firing decision making after firing power channel is selected in the fire power distribution of ship formation, a fuzzy priority dynamic programming model is established which combines fuzzy priority theory and dynamic programming principle with the aim of taking less anti-air resources, consuming minimum ship-to-air missiles but achieving reliable destruction of air targets. Each decision making index weighting of various firing stage is flexible selected according to the degree of utilization of anti-air resources in different battle field situation. The optimized firing command decision making plan is obtained in real time to repeatedly counter the incoming air targets according to the countermeasure conditions. ship-to-air missile firing command and decision making automation is proposed to minimize the utilization of anti-air resources against air targets, to improve the operation efficiency of anti-air weapons for the promoting of operational efficiency of ship formation against air targets, to satisfy the requirement of effective countering of ship formation against multi-direction and multi-batch saturation attack, to upgrade the comprehensive anti-air operational capability of ship formation and to better solve the key issue of command and decision making in the early planning and research of cooperative engagement of ship formation.
At the end of this dissertation, a sum-up on the above research is done and the analysis of some further study and future development trend are also predicted.
(1)提出一种将模糊集理论、神经网路、遗传算法综合的模糊优选神经网络目标攻击企图判别模型。利用协同作战模式下目标观察范围广,航迹跟踪时间长等特点,针对获取融合后的空中目标实施攻击过程的特征信息,建立神经网络判别模型,利用遗传算法良好的全局搜索能力,实现目标攻击企图的自动学习、实时判断,便于及时积累目标实施攻击的特征,更新攻击方式和方法的信息,全面判别目标攻击企图。
(2)根据协同作战条件下大大增强了战场态势的感知能力,减少了因为缺乏目标信息而难于决策的困难,同时大量模糊信息、残缺信息的涌入增加了作出精确判断的难度的特点。应用模糊集理论,建立目标函数为全体样本属性对于全体级别加权广义欧氏权距离平方和最小的非线性规划模型。通过积累的样本库对模型进行迭代辨识,确认空中目标威胁等级模式识别的分类标准和属性权重。该模型可以实时用于空中目标的威胁等级识别,拓展后可以用于空中目标部分属性值残缺条件下的模糊识别。提出了部分距离替代法、直接等效法和最近原型法三种属性值残缺情况下的模糊识别方法算法。实现了对空中目标属性数据完整或残缺情况下使用相同模型进行威胁等级模糊识别,从而提高了舰艇编队对空防御作战自动化程度。
(3)鉴于协同作战模式改变了传统固定链路“烟囱式”武器系统构架,实现目标、武器、控制单元、传感器的火力通道柔性连接,达到控制单元对传感器、火力单元实时灵活切换。在共享统一的战场态势基础上,拓展传统武器目标分配的概念,建立了空中目标突防期望值最小和组织抗击占用防空资源最少,适用于火力单元、打击目标、控制单元实时调度的火力分配模型,优化调度舰艇编队舰空导弹资源,提高舰空导弹资源的利用效率,有效提高了编队的防空作战效能。
(4)编队火力分配中确定火力通道后,将提出舰空导弹多次射击方案序列概念,将模糊优选理论与动态规划原理结合起来,舰空导弹射击方案序列中的每一次射击作为一个阶段,建立以尽可能少占用防空资源、消耗舰空导弹最少、达到可靠毁伤来袭空中目标的模糊优选动态规划模型。根据不同战场态势条件下对防空资源的占用程度,灵活选取不同射击阶段各决策指标权重;根据可抗击的舰空导弹资源条件和来袭目标的威胁程度,实时求取对来袭空中目标多次抗击的优化射击指挥方案序列。减少对空中目标抗击时对舰空导弹资源的占用程度,从而有效提高舰艇编队对空中目标的作战效能,满足未来舰艇编队有效抗击多方向、多批次饱和攻击的要求,提高舰艇编队整体的防空作战能力,较好地解决编队协同作战预研中指挥决策的关键问题。
最后对全文作了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题作了分析和展望。
Cooperative engagement, based on the framework of fully sharing of information, is a new operational mode aiming at increasingly serious air targets threats. The cooperative engagement overcomes the drawbacks of the difficulty of comprehensive dispatching and low level of information sharing embodied in the traditional "chimney-type" weapon system framework, reflects the countermeasure feature of one system against another system in anti-air operation, and remarkably improves the anti-air operation efficiency of ship-borne weapons. Based on the analysis of the current situation of cooperative engagement as well as the characteristics of the soft connection framework between weapons, control units, sensors and targets in the mode of cooperative engagement, a relatively systematic study has been done in this dissertation on the degree of threat of incoming air target, fire distribution of ship-to-air missile of ship formation and the priority of firing command decision making plan in the cooperative engagement mode. The main contents of the study are as follows.
(1) A fuzzy-priority-neural-network-target-attack-intention orienting model is put forward, which integrates fuzzy set theory, neural network, and genetic algorithm. A neural network orienting model is established in accordance with the features of the air target attack procedure acquired after fusion. The comprehensive searching capability of the genetic algorithm is utilized to achieve the auto-learning, real-time judgment so as to timely accumulate the attack signatures of targets, to update the information of attack modes and methods of the target and to comprehensively judge the attack intention of the target.
(2) A non-linear programming model is established which sets a goal function by minimizing the sum of the squares of the weighted generalized Euclidean distances of the total sample attributes to the all grades, in accordance with the greatly increased sensing capability of the battlefield situation, the decreased difficulties of decision making for lack of target information and of precision decision making owing to the entering of large amount of fuzzy and fragmentary information under the condition of cooperative engagement. Iterative discriminating is done by using the accumulated sample bank to determine the classification standard and attribute weighting of mode discriminating of the degree of threat of air targets. This model can be used in real time to discriminate the degree of threat of air targets. After extended, it can be used for fuzzy discriminating of air targets when the attribute information is incomplete. Under the circumstances of incomplete attribute values, three fuzzy discriminating method algorithms, partial range substituting method, direct equivalent method and closest prototype method are proposed, which achieve the fuzzy discriminating of the degree of threat by using the same model when the attribute data of air target are complete or fragmentary so as to improve the level of automation of the anti-air operation of ship formation.
(3) The soft connection between weapon, control and sensors is advanced to realize the flexible switch-over of sensors and fire power units through control units according to the characteristics of the cooperative engagement mode which completely changes the traditional fixed link "chimney type" weapon system framework. Based on the sharing of unified battle field situation, by breaking the limit of the concept of traditional weapon target fire power distribution, a non-linear programming model of fire power distribution is set up for the real time dispatching of fire power units, target to be attacked and control unit, which can optimize the dispatching of anti-air resources within the ship formation to greatly increase the anti-air capability of the ship formation.
(4) Based on the determining of the sequence of the multiple firing plan of the ship-to-air missile firing decision making after firing power channel is selected in the fire power distribution of ship formation, a fuzzy priority dynamic programming model is established which combines fuzzy priority theory and dynamic programming principle with the aim of taking less anti-air resources, consuming minimum ship-to-air missiles but achieving reliable destruction of air targets. Each decision making index weighting of various firing stage is flexible selected according to the degree of utilization of anti-air resources in different battle field situation. The optimized firing command decision making plan is obtained in real time to repeatedly counter the incoming air targets according to the countermeasure conditions. ship-to-air missile firing command and decision making automation is proposed to minimize the utilization of anti-air resources against air targets, to improve the operation efficiency of anti-air weapons for the promoting of operational efficiency of ship formation against air targets, to satisfy the requirement of effective countering of ship formation against multi-direction and multi-batch saturation attack, to upgrade the comprehensive anti-air operational capability of ship formation and to better solve the key issue of command and decision making in the early planning and research of cooperative engagement of ship formation.
At the end of this dissertation, a sum-up on the above research is done and the analysis of some further study and future development trend are also predicted.
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