液压系统方案设计的特征状态方法
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摘要
本论文在国家自然科学基金项目(No.50775016)与国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863计划)(No.2006AA042101)的资助下,结合工程设计背景,对液压系统创新方案设计理论与方法进行了深入研究。将液压系统方案设计问题转化为特征状态空间的路径规划问题,并由此建立了液压系统方案设计的能量特征状态空间模型。
本文首先建立液压系统的能量特征状态表述。提取液压能与机械能的若干属性特征以能量特征状态矢量的形式对系统内的能量信息进行定性表述。依据系统主机所需完成的机械动作将总系统分解为若干个实现单一动作的子系统,并将每个单动作子系统的工作过程简化表述为一系列输入输出能量特征状态矢量的线性变换过程。
将泵、缸/马达、压力、流量控制阀等能量调控元件的物理结构与使用方式相结合,定义两类基本变换单元作为单动作子系统方案设计阶段的最小功能选择单元。并以功能分析为基础构建基本变换单元的能量特征状态变换方程,由此获得能量特征状态变换矩阵作为基本变换单元的定性功能表达。归纳总结常用基本变换单元并分别给出其各自对应的能量特征状态变换矩阵,为单动作子系统方案设计提供单元库。
由所有能量特征状态矢量的全体构建能量特征状态空间,通过建立基本变换单元、子系统与空间元素的映射关系获得单动作子系统方案设计的空间求解模式。并据此构建单动作子系统方案设计模型,利用初始与需求的液压能特征状态矢量建立单动作子系统的能量特征状态变换方程,获取该方程的系数矩阵来描述子系统的功能特征。进而通过子系统级矩阵的分解及其与基本变换单元矩阵的匹配实现单动作子系统方案的自动综合求解。
对换向阀的通断逻辑控制功能作进一步的抽象与提取,定义基本组合单元为子回路组合方案设计阶段的最小功能选择单元。并以连通状态图、连通状态矩阵的形式对基本组合单元的功能知识进行定性表达。归纳整理2至5通基本组合单元的全部独立结构形式,并分别给出其各自对应的连通状态图与连通状态矩阵表达,为子回路组合方案设计提供单元库。
建立基于图匹配的子回路组合方案设计模型。将各单动作子系统方案抽象为表述其内部元件连通关系的子系统有向连通状态图,并由整个工作周期内所有子系统有向连通状态图的叠加组合形成系统有向连通状态图。经由一系列化简、分解操作后,将系统连通状态图(或其分解子图)按工况时序依次展开,使每一时序展开图唯一描述该时序下系统内一组元件间的通断关系。最终通过时序展开图与基本组合单元连通状态图的匹配来获得相应基本组合单元并由此构成换向阀,完成子回路组合方案设计。
最后将本文所构建的能量特征状态空间模型应用到实际液压系统方案设计过程中,通过具体设计实例验证了本文所建模型的可行性与有效性,为液压系统创新方案设计探寻了一种新方法、开辟了一条新途径。
A new methodology for the conceptual design of hydraulic system based on the energy characteristic state space approach is developed. The goal is to solve the problem of hydraulic system conceptual design by establishing a mathematical model. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 50775016 and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) under Grant No. 2006AA04Z101.
The energy characteristic state description for hydraulic system is established first. The energy characteristics of hydraulic system are represented by energy characteristic state vectors which are formed by abstracting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of energy parameters such as pressure, flow, force, and velocity. The hydraulic system is regarded as a set of subsystems with single action, and the working process for each single-action subsystem is simplified as a linear transformation of the energy characteristic state vectors.
Two categories of basic transformation units are defined by combining the energy adjustment components, such as pump, cylinder, pressure control valves, and flow control valves, with their usage patterns in the circuits. The energy characteristic state transformation equations for the basic transformation units are then established according to the function analysis. The coefficient matrices of the equations are obtained as the representation of the basic transformation units. By surveying all commonly used energy adjustment components and the patterns of their usage, a library of basic transformation units are defined and their matrix representations are also compiled. Thus, the database of physical units for the conceptual design of single-action subsystem is established.
The conceptual design model for single-action subsystems based on the energy characteristic state space is established. By establishing the energy characteristic state space, the design process is transformed into the model space. According to the input and output energy characteristic states of a subsystem, the energy characteristic state transformation equation of subsystem is established, and the coefficient matrix of the equation can be obtained to describe the subsystem. The subsystem matrix is the product of the characteristic matrices of the basic transformation units. Thus, the characteristic matrix of a subsystem can be successively decomposed into various sets of characteristic state matrices of basic transformation units. Each set of such basic transformation units is the topological representation of a hydraulic system. By successive decomposition of a system matrix, a thorough conceptual design process for single-action subsystems is established.
Basic combination units are defined to describe the connectional functions of the directional control valves. The connection state graphs and the connection state matrices are established to represent the functional knowledge of basic combination units. By surveying all independent structures of 2-5 ports basic combination units, a library of physical units for the combination design of multiple sub-circuits is established.
A synthesis model for multiple sub-circuits based on graph mapping is established. The circuit diagram for each subsystem is abstracted to a directed connection state graph that describes the connectional relationships of the components contained in it. The directed connection state graph of system is then formed by merging the ones of the subsystems. After a series of simplification operations, the simplified connection state graph of system is expanded by subsystem sequences. For each expanding sub-graph, the connection state graphs of basic combination units which have the same structures are identified. The directional control valves can then be formed by the obtained basic combination units, and the mapping relationships between the system components and the valve ports on the directional control valve are also established. Thus, the entire circuit of the system is formed. The associated matrix operations are also proposed.
The proposed method is illustrated by a design instance. With the model, large numbers of feasible schemes can be generated automatically by matrix and graph operations. Although practical schemes are normally limited, plentiful suggestive schemes can widen the designer's mind and provide a foundation of innovative design. It offers the first mathematic tool for the qualitative description of a hydraulic circuit and thus paves the way for the automated conceptual design of hydraulic systems.
本文首先建立液压系统的能量特征状态表述。提取液压能与机械能的若干属性特征以能量特征状态矢量的形式对系统内的能量信息进行定性表述。依据系统主机所需完成的机械动作将总系统分解为若干个实现单一动作的子系统,并将每个单动作子系统的工作过程简化表述为一系列输入输出能量特征状态矢量的线性变换过程。
将泵、缸/马达、压力、流量控制阀等能量调控元件的物理结构与使用方式相结合,定义两类基本变换单元作为单动作子系统方案设计阶段的最小功能选择单元。并以功能分析为基础构建基本变换单元的能量特征状态变换方程,由此获得能量特征状态变换矩阵作为基本变换单元的定性功能表达。归纳总结常用基本变换单元并分别给出其各自对应的能量特征状态变换矩阵,为单动作子系统方案设计提供单元库。
由所有能量特征状态矢量的全体构建能量特征状态空间,通过建立基本变换单元、子系统与空间元素的映射关系获得单动作子系统方案设计的空间求解模式。并据此构建单动作子系统方案设计模型,利用初始与需求的液压能特征状态矢量建立单动作子系统的能量特征状态变换方程,获取该方程的系数矩阵来描述子系统的功能特征。进而通过子系统级矩阵的分解及其与基本变换单元矩阵的匹配实现单动作子系统方案的自动综合求解。
对换向阀的通断逻辑控制功能作进一步的抽象与提取,定义基本组合单元为子回路组合方案设计阶段的最小功能选择单元。并以连通状态图、连通状态矩阵的形式对基本组合单元的功能知识进行定性表达。归纳整理2至5通基本组合单元的全部独立结构形式,并分别给出其各自对应的连通状态图与连通状态矩阵表达,为子回路组合方案设计提供单元库。
建立基于图匹配的子回路组合方案设计模型。将各单动作子系统方案抽象为表述其内部元件连通关系的子系统有向连通状态图,并由整个工作周期内所有子系统有向连通状态图的叠加组合形成系统有向连通状态图。经由一系列化简、分解操作后,将系统连通状态图(或其分解子图)按工况时序依次展开,使每一时序展开图唯一描述该时序下系统内一组元件间的通断关系。最终通过时序展开图与基本组合单元连通状态图的匹配来获得相应基本组合单元并由此构成换向阀,完成子回路组合方案设计。
最后将本文所构建的能量特征状态空间模型应用到实际液压系统方案设计过程中,通过具体设计实例验证了本文所建模型的可行性与有效性,为液压系统创新方案设计探寻了一种新方法、开辟了一条新途径。
A new methodology for the conceptual design of hydraulic system based on the energy characteristic state space approach is developed. The goal is to solve the problem of hydraulic system conceptual design by establishing a mathematical model. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 50775016 and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) under Grant No. 2006AA04Z101.
The energy characteristic state description for hydraulic system is established first. The energy characteristics of hydraulic system are represented by energy characteristic state vectors which are formed by abstracting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of energy parameters such as pressure, flow, force, and velocity. The hydraulic system is regarded as a set of subsystems with single action, and the working process for each single-action subsystem is simplified as a linear transformation of the energy characteristic state vectors.
Two categories of basic transformation units are defined by combining the energy adjustment components, such as pump, cylinder, pressure control valves, and flow control valves, with their usage patterns in the circuits. The energy characteristic state transformation equations for the basic transformation units are then established according to the function analysis. The coefficient matrices of the equations are obtained as the representation of the basic transformation units. By surveying all commonly used energy adjustment components and the patterns of their usage, a library of basic transformation units are defined and their matrix representations are also compiled. Thus, the database of physical units for the conceptual design of single-action subsystem is established.
The conceptual design model for single-action subsystems based on the energy characteristic state space is established. By establishing the energy characteristic state space, the design process is transformed into the model space. According to the input and output energy characteristic states of a subsystem, the energy characteristic state transformation equation of subsystem is established, and the coefficient matrix of the equation can be obtained to describe the subsystem. The subsystem matrix is the product of the characteristic matrices of the basic transformation units. Thus, the characteristic matrix of a subsystem can be successively decomposed into various sets of characteristic state matrices of basic transformation units. Each set of such basic transformation units is the topological representation of a hydraulic system. By successive decomposition of a system matrix, a thorough conceptual design process for single-action subsystems is established.
Basic combination units are defined to describe the connectional functions of the directional control valves. The connection state graphs and the connection state matrices are established to represent the functional knowledge of basic combination units. By surveying all independent structures of 2-5 ports basic combination units, a library of physical units for the combination design of multiple sub-circuits is established.
A synthesis model for multiple sub-circuits based on graph mapping is established. The circuit diagram for each subsystem is abstracted to a directed connection state graph that describes the connectional relationships of the components contained in it. The directed connection state graph of system is then formed by merging the ones of the subsystems. After a series of simplification operations, the simplified connection state graph of system is expanded by subsystem sequences. For each expanding sub-graph, the connection state graphs of basic combination units which have the same structures are identified. The directional control valves can then be formed by the obtained basic combination units, and the mapping relationships between the system components and the valve ports on the directional control valve are also established. Thus, the entire circuit of the system is formed. The associated matrix operations are also proposed.
The proposed method is illustrated by a design instance. With the model, large numbers of feasible schemes can be generated automatically by matrix and graph operations. Although practical schemes are normally limited, plentiful suggestive schemes can widen the designer's mind and provide a foundation of innovative design. It offers the first mathematic tool for the qualitative description of a hydraulic circuit and thus paves the way for the automated conceptual design of hydraulic systems.
引文
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