辽宁东南部晚石炭世牙形刺及本溪组的再研究
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摘要
我国辽宁东南部石炭纪地层广泛分布,古生物化石十分丰富;其中,以海相--海陆交互相的本溪组最具代表性。多年来该组已发现类、腕足类、珊瑚以及植物等多门类化石,但以往对牙形刺化石的研究不足,致使本溪组在国际地层对比等方面存在欠缺,有关牙形刺动物群及相关古地理等研究也显得薄弱。
本文通过对辽宁东南部地区(主要包括本溪、金州和复州湾等三地区)石炭纪生物地层的大量野外及室内研究工作,在详细研究本溪牛毛岭本溪组命名剖面牙形刺化石及地层的基础上,取得如下重要成果:
1.首次系统研究了大连金州前石灰窑子北山剖面以及复州湾地区丁屯剖面的晚石炭世牙形刺化石及地层。在金州北山剖面下部首次发现了Declinognathodus noduliferus (前瘤斜颚齿刺),Idiognathoides corrugatus(皱拟异颚刺),Id. sinuatus(曲拟异颚刺)及Idiognathodus sinuosus(弯曲异颚刺)等Bashkirian至早Moscovian期的重要化石,拟建立Idilgnathoides corrugatus-- Declinognathodus marginodosus组合带,代表辽南地区晚石炭世最早期的沉积。
2.在辽东本溪牛毛岭剖面上部灰岩中,首次发现晚石炭世Moscovian中部及中上部的标准化石Idiognathodus podolskensi(s泊道斯克异颚刺)和Neognathodus roundyi(朗德新颚齿刺),拟建立Idiognathodus delicatus--I. podolskensis组合带;在金州北山剖面的中上部拟建立Idiognathodus delicatus--Neognathodus inaequalis(娇柔异颚刺-不等新颚齿刺)组合带;在北山剖面断层西侧拟建立了Idiognathodus delicatus--Neognathodus roundyi组合带;据组合带中Idiognathodus podolskensis,I. delicatus,N. roundyi,N. inaequalis等晚石炭世莫斯科期的标准化石的发现,确认了辽宁东南部地区存在晚石炭世莫斯科期的中-晚期沉积,总体上代表了本区晚石炭世中期的沉积。
3.在复州湾丁屯剖面(原归属太原组的地层)首次发现了以Streptognathodus simulator(偏心曲颚齿刺)为特征的牙形刺动物群,据动物群中S. elongatus, S. simulator,S. wabaunsensis等,该地层可与国际地层表中的格舍尔阶相对应,因此证明本区存在晚石炭世晚期的沉积,太原组的时代可能属于晚石炭世晚期或至少包括晚石炭世部分。与此同时,因未发现C/P界线之上的S. isolatus(孤立曲颚齿刺)化石,表明此地层尚未进入二叠系。
4.在金州北山剖面上部发现了Streptognathodus subexcelsus(次大曲颚齿刺) ,但未发现Idiognathodus sagittalis和Swadelina等化石,因此尚不能确定区内是否存在卡西莫夫期的沉积。
5.上述牙形刺化石的新发现及对其的系统研究,不仅为建立辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世的牙形刺序列奠定了坚实的基础,而且为辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世本溪组、以及太原组的地质时代的精确确定及与国际标准地层对比提供了可靠的依据。
6.结合辽南、辽东及与华北太原地区的地层古生物对比,对辽宁东南部地区的晚石炭世的古地理进行了讨论,认为华北板块石炭纪海侵的一支可能由处于板块边缘的辽南金州-复州湾地区开始,而后扩展到辽东本溪地区,再扩展至华北板块腹地的太原等地区;辽宁东南部地区的晚石炭世主要为滨海相。作者尝试性地勾画了辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世的古地理演化简图,用以恢复本区晚石炭世世的古地理。
总之,上述研究工作的深入开展,对提高我国北方(特别是辽宁东南部)石炭纪地层研究程度和时代确定精度、进一步与国际标准地层对比、以及扩大在我国北方(特别是辽宁东南部)石炭纪地层相关沉积矿产找寻远景等,具有重要的科学意义和实际应用意义。
The Carboniferous strata are well exposed in southeastern Liaoning, China, and rich in fossils. Among them, the Benxi Formation is very characteristic,with marine or alternation of marine and non-marine deposits. This formation has been studied for over a century, in which a lot of fossils were found, including mainly the fusulinid, brachiopoda, corals, as well as the plants. However, the fossil conodonts in this formation was not studied thoroughly during the past years, which brought about some inadequacy in the international stratigraphical correlation accurately, and shortage of the information on the conodonts fauna and its related paleogeography in this area during the Carboniferous.
Through the field investigation and laboratory work on the biostratigraphy in the areas of the southeastern Liaoning, focusing on the Benxi of eastern Liaoning, and the Jinzhou and Fuzhouwan of southern Liaoning, with the beginning work in the upper Benxi Formation in its denominated geological section in Niumaoling of Benxi City, the several achievements have been gained by the author, as follows.
1. The author firstly systematically studied the Late Carboniferous conodonts and strata from the Beishan section of Qianshihuiyao in Jinzhou and the Dingtun section of Fuzhouwan (Fuzhou Bay) area nearby Dalian City. Some important conodonts fossils of the Bashkirian to early-middle Moscovian were found by the author from the Beishan section of Jinzhou, such as Declinognathodus noduliferus,Idiognathoides corrugatus,Id. sinuatus,Idiognathodus sinuosus,for the first time. And, Idiognathoides corrugatus-- Declinognathodus marginodosus Assemblage Zone is to be proposed for the lower part of Beishan section, representing the earliest limestone deposits of Upper Carboniferous in the southern Liaoning.
2. Found the index fossils of the middle and middle-upper Moscovian conodonts Idiognathodus podolskensis and Neognathodus roundyi in the upper of Niumaoling section and Beishan section for the first time, with being proposed Idiognathodus delicatus--I. podolskensis Assemblage Zone; and to be proposed Idiognathodus delicatus-- Neognathodus inaequalis for the upper part of Beishan section; and Idiognathodus delicatus- Neognathodus roundyi Assemblage Zone for the Beishan section in the west side of the fault. Based on the discovery of some index Moscovian fossils, e.g. Idiognathodus podolskensis, I. delicatus, Neognathodus roundyi, N. inaequalis, the existence of the middle-upper Moscovian strata can be confirmed in this region, which represents the middle Late Carboniferous deposits in the southeastern Liaoning.
3. Firstly discovered the conodonts fauna characterized by Streptognathodus simulator in the Dingtun section in Fuzhouwan. Based on the finding of S. elongatus, S. simulator , S. wabaunsensis, the conodonts-bearing strata in this section can approximately be correlated with the Gzhelian Stage of the International Stratigraphic Chart. The fact implies that the late Late Carboniferous deposits existed in this area which would be equivalent of the main part of Taiyuan Formation. Meanwhile, since S. isolatus, indicating the earliest Permian appeared just above the C-P boundary, has not been found so far, it appears that the top strata in the Dingtun section have not achieved Permian.
4. The conodonts Streptognathodus subexcelsus was found firstly in the upper part of Beishan section, with no findings of Idiognathodus sagittalis and Swadelina indicating the late Pennsylvanian in age, it appears to be unable to determine whether the existence of the Kasimovian deposits in this area.
5. The above-mentioned new discoveries and conodonts research not only lay the foundations for the Upper Carboniferous conodonts stratigraphical sequences in southeastern Liaoning region,with comparison to related strata of China and abroad,but also provide a more detailed evidence for confirming the geological age of the Benxi Formation, even for the Taiyuan Formation.
6. Based on the stratigraphical correlation and fossil comparisons of the southeastern Liaoning region to the Taiyuan area, the author has discussed on the Late Carboniferous geography briefly, and considered that the transgression might start from the Jinzhou and Fuzhouwan area of the southern Liaoning where was one of the edge of the North China Plate during the Carboniferous time, and then expanded to the Benxi area of the eastern Liaoning, and after that extended to the Taiyuan area where was the center of the North China Plateform. A sketched map made by the author, is presented in this paper for showing the palaeogeographic reconstruction in this region of the Late Carboniferous.
In sum, the above research work is significant for the further biostratigraphical study of the Carboniferous in North China (especially the southeastern Liaoning), particularly for promoting the accuracy in stratigraphic correlation internationally. Meanwhile it would be also beneficial for widening the prospect of finding sedimentary mineral resources related to Carboniferous deposits in the southeastern Liaoning areas.
本文通过对辽宁东南部地区(主要包括本溪、金州和复州湾等三地区)石炭纪生物地层的大量野外及室内研究工作,在详细研究本溪牛毛岭本溪组命名剖面牙形刺化石及地层的基础上,取得如下重要成果:
1.首次系统研究了大连金州前石灰窑子北山剖面以及复州湾地区丁屯剖面的晚石炭世牙形刺化石及地层。在金州北山剖面下部首次发现了Declinognathodus noduliferus (前瘤斜颚齿刺),Idiognathoides corrugatus(皱拟异颚刺),Id. sinuatus(曲拟异颚刺)及Idiognathodus sinuosus(弯曲异颚刺)等Bashkirian至早Moscovian期的重要化石,拟建立Idilgnathoides corrugatus-- Declinognathodus marginodosus组合带,代表辽南地区晚石炭世最早期的沉积。
2.在辽东本溪牛毛岭剖面上部灰岩中,首次发现晚石炭世Moscovian中部及中上部的标准化石Idiognathodus podolskensi(s泊道斯克异颚刺)和Neognathodus roundyi(朗德新颚齿刺),拟建立Idiognathodus delicatus--I. podolskensis组合带;在金州北山剖面的中上部拟建立Idiognathodus delicatus--Neognathodus inaequalis(娇柔异颚刺-不等新颚齿刺)组合带;在北山剖面断层西侧拟建立了Idiognathodus delicatus--Neognathodus roundyi组合带;据组合带中Idiognathodus podolskensis,I. delicatus,N. roundyi,N. inaequalis等晚石炭世莫斯科期的标准化石的发现,确认了辽宁东南部地区存在晚石炭世莫斯科期的中-晚期沉积,总体上代表了本区晚石炭世中期的沉积。
3.在复州湾丁屯剖面(原归属太原组的地层)首次发现了以Streptognathodus simulator(偏心曲颚齿刺)为特征的牙形刺动物群,据动物群中S. elongatus, S. simulator,S. wabaunsensis等,该地层可与国际地层表中的格舍尔阶相对应,因此证明本区存在晚石炭世晚期的沉积,太原组的时代可能属于晚石炭世晚期或至少包括晚石炭世部分。与此同时,因未发现C/P界线之上的S. isolatus(孤立曲颚齿刺)化石,表明此地层尚未进入二叠系。
4.在金州北山剖面上部发现了Streptognathodus subexcelsus(次大曲颚齿刺) ,但未发现Idiognathodus sagittalis和Swadelina等化石,因此尚不能确定区内是否存在卡西莫夫期的沉积。
5.上述牙形刺化石的新发现及对其的系统研究,不仅为建立辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世的牙形刺序列奠定了坚实的基础,而且为辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世本溪组、以及太原组的地质时代的精确确定及与国际标准地层对比提供了可靠的依据。
6.结合辽南、辽东及与华北太原地区的地层古生物对比,对辽宁东南部地区的晚石炭世的古地理进行了讨论,认为华北板块石炭纪海侵的一支可能由处于板块边缘的辽南金州-复州湾地区开始,而后扩展到辽东本溪地区,再扩展至华北板块腹地的太原等地区;辽宁东南部地区的晚石炭世主要为滨海相。作者尝试性地勾画了辽宁东南部地区晚石炭世的古地理演化简图,用以恢复本区晚石炭世世的古地理。
总之,上述研究工作的深入开展,对提高我国北方(特别是辽宁东南部)石炭纪地层研究程度和时代确定精度、进一步与国际标准地层对比、以及扩大在我国北方(特别是辽宁东南部)石炭纪地层相关沉积矿产找寻远景等,具有重要的科学意义和实际应用意义。
The Carboniferous strata are well exposed in southeastern Liaoning, China, and rich in fossils. Among them, the Benxi Formation is very characteristic,with marine or alternation of marine and non-marine deposits. This formation has been studied for over a century, in which a lot of fossils were found, including mainly the fusulinid, brachiopoda, corals, as well as the plants. However, the fossil conodonts in this formation was not studied thoroughly during the past years, which brought about some inadequacy in the international stratigraphical correlation accurately, and shortage of the information on the conodonts fauna and its related paleogeography in this area during the Carboniferous.
Through the field investigation and laboratory work on the biostratigraphy in the areas of the southeastern Liaoning, focusing on the Benxi of eastern Liaoning, and the Jinzhou and Fuzhouwan of southern Liaoning, with the beginning work in the upper Benxi Formation in its denominated geological section in Niumaoling of Benxi City, the several achievements have been gained by the author, as follows.
1. The author firstly systematically studied the Late Carboniferous conodonts and strata from the Beishan section of Qianshihuiyao in Jinzhou and the Dingtun section of Fuzhouwan (Fuzhou Bay) area nearby Dalian City. Some important conodonts fossils of the Bashkirian to early-middle Moscovian were found by the author from the Beishan section of Jinzhou, such as Declinognathodus noduliferus,Idiognathoides corrugatus,Id. sinuatus,Idiognathodus sinuosus,for the first time. And, Idiognathoides corrugatus-- Declinognathodus marginodosus Assemblage Zone is to be proposed for the lower part of Beishan section, representing the earliest limestone deposits of Upper Carboniferous in the southern Liaoning.
2. Found the index fossils of the middle and middle-upper Moscovian conodonts Idiognathodus podolskensis and Neognathodus roundyi in the upper of Niumaoling section and Beishan section for the first time, with being proposed Idiognathodus delicatus--I. podolskensis Assemblage Zone; and to be proposed Idiognathodus delicatus-- Neognathodus inaequalis for the upper part of Beishan section; and Idiognathodus delicatus- Neognathodus roundyi Assemblage Zone for the Beishan section in the west side of the fault. Based on the discovery of some index Moscovian fossils, e.g. Idiognathodus podolskensis, I. delicatus, Neognathodus roundyi, N. inaequalis, the existence of the middle-upper Moscovian strata can be confirmed in this region, which represents the middle Late Carboniferous deposits in the southeastern Liaoning.
3. Firstly discovered the conodonts fauna characterized by Streptognathodus simulator in the Dingtun section in Fuzhouwan. Based on the finding of S. elongatus, S. simulator , S. wabaunsensis, the conodonts-bearing strata in this section can approximately be correlated with the Gzhelian Stage of the International Stratigraphic Chart. The fact implies that the late Late Carboniferous deposits existed in this area which would be equivalent of the main part of Taiyuan Formation. Meanwhile, since S. isolatus, indicating the earliest Permian appeared just above the C-P boundary, has not been found so far, it appears that the top strata in the Dingtun section have not achieved Permian.
4. The conodonts Streptognathodus subexcelsus was found firstly in the upper part of Beishan section, with no findings of Idiognathodus sagittalis and Swadelina indicating the late Pennsylvanian in age, it appears to be unable to determine whether the existence of the Kasimovian deposits in this area.
5. The above-mentioned new discoveries and conodonts research not only lay the foundations for the Upper Carboniferous conodonts stratigraphical sequences in southeastern Liaoning region,with comparison to related strata of China and abroad,but also provide a more detailed evidence for confirming the geological age of the Benxi Formation, even for the Taiyuan Formation.
6. Based on the stratigraphical correlation and fossil comparisons of the southeastern Liaoning region to the Taiyuan area, the author has discussed on the Late Carboniferous geography briefly, and considered that the transgression might start from the Jinzhou and Fuzhouwan area of the southern Liaoning where was one of the edge of the North China Plate during the Carboniferous time, and then expanded to the Benxi area of the eastern Liaoning, and after that extended to the Taiyuan area where was the center of the North China Plateform. A sketched map made by the author, is presented in this paper for showing the palaeogeographic reconstruction in this region of the Late Carboniferous.
In sum, the above research work is significant for the further biostratigraphical study of the Carboniferous in North China (especially the southeastern Liaoning), particularly for promoting the accuracy in stratigraphic correlation internationally. Meanwhile it would be also beneficial for widening the prospect of finding sedimentary mineral resources related to Carboniferous deposits in the southeastern Liaoning areas.
引文
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