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滇西北衙金矿构造—富碱斑岩—成矿研究
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摘要
滇西北衙金矿位于德格—中甸陆块、巴颜喀拉—扬子陆块,昌都—思茅三个构造单元聚合部,具有特殊的成矿地质背景,是金沙江—哀牢山富碱斑岩铜金多金属成矿带上一个典型的、具有代表性的富碱斑岩—热液型金多金属矿床。系统分析研究构造、岩浆与金成矿三者间时空上的关系具有重大的意义。
     在前人工作和研究成果的基础上,以大量野外地质调查获取的资料和物化探、遥感等综合信息为依据,对北衙金矿区域成矿地质背景、成矿条件、金矿床特征、控岩控矿构造、岩浆成岩成矿系列进行研究。通过对矿区内展布的构造形迹的力学性质鉴定,构造变形特征,变形时序分析,解决控矿构造与金成矿的关系和构造对金矿床分布规律的控制作用。分析鉴定富碱斑岩岩石类型和矿化类型,查清矿床在空间分布与斑岩体及构造间的关系。初步划分了矿区喜马拉雅期构造、岩浆活动期次、成矿阶段,并对金矿床成因进行探讨,阐述了北衙矿区喜山期构造时序、岩浆、成矿活动的多期多阶段性。
     对北衙成矿区区域成矿地质背景、成矿地质条件、典型矿床研究表明,发育于矿区三叠系沉积岩系中的一系列Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo矿床,具有相似的成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征和构造控矿规律,它们同属于喜山期构造控制的富碱斑岩一热液型矿床,属于同一构造—富碱斑岩成矿演化谱系和同一构造—富碱斑岩—成矿系列。
     控岩控矿构造和遥感地质研究表明,近南北向断裂构造与东西向断裂构造是矿区主导控岩控矿构造,尤其以南北向断裂构造控岩控矿作用显著。北衙金矿区一系列的岩浆、矿化活动被严格限制在该组断裂破碎带内。近南北向断裂破碎带的规模及产状变化控制了矿化强弱及矿体规模,使矿体在走向和倾向上具尖灭再现,分支复合及膨缩特征。金矿体在断裂构造转折部位,多组断裂交叉复合部位是金矿体膨大富集的地段。在岩体的内外接触带,蚀变斑岩体内的构造破碎带,岩体侵入接触断裂带,岩体附近围岩的断裂带和层间破碎带是矿体赋存的重要场所。
     构造、富碱斑岩及金矿成因研究表明,北衙金多金属矿床在时间、空间、成因上均和喜山期富碱斑岩体密切相关,属于壳幔混合型富碱斑岩浆热液型金矿床,在喜山期北衙成矿区先后发生过多期多阶段的构造—岩浆—成矿活动。这些岩浆、矿化活动受近南北向、东西向构造控制,从而形成相应的构造—岩浆—矿化带。多期次,不同类型的矿化活动叠加构成北衙金多金属矿床。金成矿主要发生在岩浆活动晚期或期后的气液活动阶段。
     根据构造控矿规律、构造—岩浆—成矿模式、物化探信息和找矿标志对北衙矿区及外围进行成矿预测,指出找矿方向。
Beiya gold deposit of western Yunnan lies in the center of the three landmasses: Dege-Zhongdian landmass, BaYankela-Yangzi landmass and Changdu-Simao landmass. For its special geological background, this gold deposit becomes a typical and representative hydrothermal gold polymetallic deposit in the Jinsha River - Ailao Mountain Alkaline-rich porphyry,gold polymetallic mineralization belt. So it is important to make a systematic study of the relationships among the structures, the magma and the gold mineralization in space and time.
     On the base of former research,and comprehensive information such as field data, geophysical and geochemical prospecting, remote sensing from geological investigations, the writer studys the conditions of mineralization, the geological background of mineralization, the characteristic of gold mine deposit, the structures of rock and mine, and mineralization series and ore-forming.Through the study of mechanical property the structure distortion characteristic, the distortion time of mining area structure, get the conclusion of relationship between controlling-structure and ore-forming and ore deposit distribution rule.The analysis of the rich alkaline porphyry type, the mineralization type, ore deposit spatial distribution and the relations between porphyry body and the structure were studied. The stage of Himalaya structure-magma and the mineralization stage have been divided.Carry on the discussion on the golden ore deposit origin
     The study of ore-forming background, the mineralization conditions, the typical ore ore bodies of Beiya deposit indicated that a series of Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, W, Mo deposit occurred in the Triassic Period’s sedimentary rock . The ore deposits have the similar mineralization condition, geological feature and the structure-controlling the ore rule.They belong to the Himalaya rich-alkali porphyry hydrothermal deposit. There are a identical structure rich-alkai mineralization evolution series.
     The study of the structure of controlling-rock and controlling-ore and the remote sensing geology indicated that north-south structure is the most important. A series of rock magma, the mineralization activity of the deposit area are strictly limited in this group of . The near north-south crushed zone controlled the mineralization ,the ore body scale and the output shape change and caused the ore body to pinch-out and branch. The gold ore body occurred in the structure transition parts and structure crossing parts.
     Research on the structure ,the rock and the deposit origin indicated that the time, the space and the origin of the deposit all has close relationship with the Himalaya Alkaline-rich porphyry.The ore-forming materils origined from the crust and mantle.In the Himalaya stage, there are multi-stage structure-magma and the mineralization These magma and the mineralization activity are controlled by the near north-south direction structure, thus resulted in the corresponding structure-magma-mineralization zone. The superimposition of multi-stage and the different type mineralization activity resulted in the polymetallic ore deposit. The gold mineralization mainly occurs in the later period of magmatic acticity.
     According to the rule of structure-controlling, the model of the structure-magma mineralization, geophysical and geochemical prospecting information and the landmark of deposit,ore-forming forecast is made and the direction of seeking deposit in Beiya gold mine area and surroundings are found out.
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