川西北雪宝顶W-Sn-Be矿床矿物学特征和形成机制
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摘要
四川雪宝顶矿床位于扬子板块、松潘-甘孜造山带、秦岭造山带交汇处的龙门山西北缘,是在过去十几年中在松潘-甘孜造山带和秦岭造山带中发现的少见的以W、Sn、Be元素为主要含矿元素的高温热液矿床。矿床海拔高、气候恶劣、山路崎岖,研究薄弱。
针对在成矿花岗岩年代学、系列类型、造岩矿物、定名和成因研究方面有不同的看法和认识,在矿床成矿年龄、矿脉分布特征、矿脉中矿物演化特征、围岩蚀变、成矿物质来源和成矿流体演化方面研究尚存在不足,成矿流体主要是单矿物包裹体温压测定和碳氧同位素研究,而成矿流体的来源、演化和成矿物质的沉淀过程有待深化研究。本次研究基于成矿花岗岩地球化学、造岩矿物组成及成分分析,对花岗岩进行了重新定名、岩石学分类、花岗岩演化程度与成矿元素富集关系的研究。研究表明蒲口岭和盘口成矿花岗岩是一种高分异、演化程度高、富挥发分和成矿元素的碱长花岗岩,分别形成于200.6 Ma和193.7 Ma。岩浆中挥发分和碱金属元素的脱熔作用降低了成矿流体的固相和液相线温度,导致了充分的结晶分离作用和成矿元素的富集。研究在野外工作基础上,描述了矿脉的分布、数量、尺度和矿物分布以及围岩蚀变特征。矿脉在花岗岩部分主要由绿柱石和白云母组成,围岩是花岗岩;矿脉在花岗岩和大理岩接触带主要由绿柱石、锡石和白云母组成;矿脉在大理岩部分由绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、萤石、磷灰石、方解石、针状电气石和石英晶体。在此基础上,对脉石矿物白云母、萤石、钾长石、钠长石、电气石、磷灰石进行了形态描述、成分、结构和同位素分析,重点对成矿矿物绿柱石、白钨矿和锡石进行主量、微量、结构、同位素分析。并从成因矿物学角度出发,结合矿脉产状分析了矿床从高温到低温、从富钾到富钠、从无矿到有矿的演化过程。对矿脉中的白钨矿和白云母单矿物分别进行了Sm- Nd和Ar- Ar同位素成矿年龄确定并认为成矿最早发生在195.6 Ma并持续至182.0 Ma。
论文对绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石和石英进行了稳定同位素和包裹体研究并对大理岩大理岩围岩主量、微量化学成分和稳定同位素进行分析测试。分析认为矿脉从花岗岩到大理岩逐渐有含有机气体的大气降水混入成矿流体、同时伴随包裹体不混溶现象出现。这些现象促进了矿物在大理岩围岩中的结晶沉淀。在以上基础上讨论了成矿模式。
The Xuebaoding deposit is located in the northern region of Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China. Situated in the merged area of the western Yangtze Block, Songpan-Ganze and Qingling Orogenic Belts, it is well known for its giant crystals with diameters up to 10cm. The typical ore vein can be distinguished into three Parts from granite to marble as host rocks with various mineral assemblages bearing W, Sn and Be.
In the previous studies, views of ages, type, rocking-forming minerals and genesis of granites which provide ore material for mineralization differ. Also, distribution of veins, alternations and evolution of minerals are not clear. Furthermore, only fluid inclusions in minerals such as homogeneous temperature and oxygen ore carbon isotopes were provided. Therefore, origin of ore-forming fluids, deposit of ore materials and occurrence of ore deposits are not clear. In this study, genetic mineralogy and systematic Prospecting Mineralogy were employed to study various minerals in veins and granites. From the view of Chronology, Rock Geochemistry, Petrology, Crystal Chemistry, the mechanism of Xuebaoding deposit was discussed.
It is hypothesized that both plutons represent an extremely fractioned and strongly prealuminous rare-metal granite system, rich in volatile and alkali elements with. On the one hand, exolution of large amounts of alkali elements and volatile elements lowing in solidus resulted in fractional crystallization sufficient to account for the high concentration of Li, Rb, Cs, Nb, Ta, W, Sn and Be. The 40Ar/39Ar age spectrums indicate that Pukouling and Pankou granites were emplaced at 200.6±1.3 Ma and 193.7±1.1 Ma, respectively. Morphology, chemical content, crystal structure and isotopes of beryl, scheelite, cassiterit, muscovite, fluorite and apatite were determined
40Ar/39Ar step heating analyses of muscovite derived from the beryl-muscovite assemblage indicate mineralization at Part I began at 195.6±2. 5 Ma and is at least 5 Ma older than mineralization ages obtained at Part III, indicating that mineralization continued at least 5 Ma, partially explaining the occurrence of the giant crystals.
It is inferred that ore material is from Pankou and Pukouling granites while ore-forming fluids evolved from magma. During the evolution of ore-forming fluids, meteoric water was fluxed. Also, organic material also was mixed with ore-forming fluids which facilitate the occurrence of the deposit.
针对在成矿花岗岩年代学、系列类型、造岩矿物、定名和成因研究方面有不同的看法和认识,在矿床成矿年龄、矿脉分布特征、矿脉中矿物演化特征、围岩蚀变、成矿物质来源和成矿流体演化方面研究尚存在不足,成矿流体主要是单矿物包裹体温压测定和碳氧同位素研究,而成矿流体的来源、演化和成矿物质的沉淀过程有待深化研究。本次研究基于成矿花岗岩地球化学、造岩矿物组成及成分分析,对花岗岩进行了重新定名、岩石学分类、花岗岩演化程度与成矿元素富集关系的研究。研究表明蒲口岭和盘口成矿花岗岩是一种高分异、演化程度高、富挥发分和成矿元素的碱长花岗岩,分别形成于200.6 Ma和193.7 Ma。岩浆中挥发分和碱金属元素的脱熔作用降低了成矿流体的固相和液相线温度,导致了充分的结晶分离作用和成矿元素的富集。研究在野外工作基础上,描述了矿脉的分布、数量、尺度和矿物分布以及围岩蚀变特征。矿脉在花岗岩部分主要由绿柱石和白云母组成,围岩是花岗岩;矿脉在花岗岩和大理岩接触带主要由绿柱石、锡石和白云母组成;矿脉在大理岩部分由绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石、萤石、磷灰石、方解石、针状电气石和石英晶体。在此基础上,对脉石矿物白云母、萤石、钾长石、钠长石、电气石、磷灰石进行了形态描述、成分、结构和同位素分析,重点对成矿矿物绿柱石、白钨矿和锡石进行主量、微量、结构、同位素分析。并从成因矿物学角度出发,结合矿脉产状分析了矿床从高温到低温、从富钾到富钠、从无矿到有矿的演化过程。对矿脉中的白钨矿和白云母单矿物分别进行了Sm- Nd和Ar- Ar同位素成矿年龄确定并认为成矿最早发生在195.6 Ma并持续至182.0 Ma。
论文对绿柱石、白钨矿、锡石和石英进行了稳定同位素和包裹体研究并对大理岩大理岩围岩主量、微量化学成分和稳定同位素进行分析测试。分析认为矿脉从花岗岩到大理岩逐渐有含有机气体的大气降水混入成矿流体、同时伴随包裹体不混溶现象出现。这些现象促进了矿物在大理岩围岩中的结晶沉淀。在以上基础上讨论了成矿模式。
The Xuebaoding deposit is located in the northern region of Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China. Situated in the merged area of the western Yangtze Block, Songpan-Ganze and Qingling Orogenic Belts, it is well known for its giant crystals with diameters up to 10cm. The typical ore vein can be distinguished into three Parts from granite to marble as host rocks with various mineral assemblages bearing W, Sn and Be.
In the previous studies, views of ages, type, rocking-forming minerals and genesis of granites which provide ore material for mineralization differ. Also, distribution of veins, alternations and evolution of minerals are not clear. Furthermore, only fluid inclusions in minerals such as homogeneous temperature and oxygen ore carbon isotopes were provided. Therefore, origin of ore-forming fluids, deposit of ore materials and occurrence of ore deposits are not clear. In this study, genetic mineralogy and systematic Prospecting Mineralogy were employed to study various minerals in veins and granites. From the view of Chronology, Rock Geochemistry, Petrology, Crystal Chemistry, the mechanism of Xuebaoding deposit was discussed.
It is hypothesized that both plutons represent an extremely fractioned and strongly prealuminous rare-metal granite system, rich in volatile and alkali elements with. On the one hand, exolution of large amounts of alkali elements and volatile elements lowing in solidus resulted in fractional crystallization sufficient to account for the high concentration of Li, Rb, Cs, Nb, Ta, W, Sn and Be. The 40Ar/39Ar age spectrums indicate that Pukouling and Pankou granites were emplaced at 200.6±1.3 Ma and 193.7±1.1 Ma, respectively. Morphology, chemical content, crystal structure and isotopes of beryl, scheelite, cassiterit, muscovite, fluorite and apatite were determined
40Ar/39Ar step heating analyses of muscovite derived from the beryl-muscovite assemblage indicate mineralization at Part I began at 195.6±2. 5 Ma and is at least 5 Ma older than mineralization ages obtained at Part III, indicating that mineralization continued at least 5 Ma, partially explaining the occurrence of the giant crystals.
It is inferred that ore material is from Pankou and Pukouling granites while ore-forming fluids evolved from magma. During the evolution of ore-forming fluids, meteoric water was fluxed. Also, organic material also was mixed with ore-forming fluids which facilitate the occurrence of the deposit.
引文
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