河南嵩县祁雨沟金矿床成矿作用及找矿预测研究
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摘要
熊耳山变质核杂岩是中生代在区域伸展作用背景下形成,并对区内金矿形成起着重要的控制作用。变质核杂岩中控矿构造类型主要有拆离断层内的缓倾斜构造破碎带、拆离断层附近的缓倾斜断层、拆离断层附近的陡倾断层及拆离断层附近的爆破角砾岩筒。在祁雨沟矿田内主要表现为后两种类型,其中爆破角砾岩型金矿床在矿田占有举足轻重的地位。
通过J4矿床的重点解剖和对比研究,本次研究取得的主要成果及认识为:
(1)从地质、地球物理、地球化学等方面深入分析了研究区的成矿地质条件,丰富了该区爆破角砾岩筒型金矿和构造蚀变岩型金矿受变质核杂岩控制的认识。在中生代,区域构造体制由挤压向伸展作用转换,形成了熊耳山变质核杂岩,引发了深部物质上涌而导致伸展隆升、大规模岩浆侵位及金的大规模成矿作用。
(2)通过J4的重点解剖,对爆破角砾岩型矿床的成矿特征有了新的认识,为研究爆破角砾岩型金矿床提供了新的思路。J4内大致以490m标高为界,其上以脉状矿化为主,其下主要为不规则状矿化;厘定了J4爆破角砾岩体内热液蚀变具有“同心环状”分带的特征,自爆破角砾岩体中心向外依次为:石英-钾长石化带、石英-黑云母化带、青磐岩化带,不规则状矿体主要集中分布在石英-钾长石化带和石英-黑云母化带交接处。
(3)经对比研究,确定了矿田内以J4为爆发中心(矿化中心),识别出区内存在花岗斑岩-金成矿体系和二长斑岩-钼成矿体系,前者形成时间早于后者;多型矿床是同源、同期、不同成矿阶段、不同构造空间的产物。成矿物质主要来源于岩浆流体,部分为地层提供。成矿流体性质介于岩浆热液与热卤水之间;与国内外同类型矿床对比,研究区内爆破角砾岩型矿床的独特之处,主要表现在角砾成份复杂、矿化形式多样、矿物种类繁多、热液蚀变分带明显及伴生组份少等方面。
(4)初步建立了矿床、矿田两个层次的成矿模式。提出了矿田内成矿作用表现为四次成矿叠加的新认识,不规状矿体形成在先,依次形成构造蚀变岩型金矿床(公峪矿区)、多金属硫化物型金矿脉和钼矿化。
(5)针对不规则状矿化的不均匀性,提出了“矿化域”的概念,对金矿体圈定和工业利用有较好的指导作用;依据综合找矿标志,对矿田内爆破角砾岩体的找矿前景做了初步评价,具有重要的找矿参考价值。
The metamorphic core complex of Mt. Xiong’er, formed in the background of regional extension of Mesozoic Era, plays a controlling role in the formation of gold deposits in the mining area. The ore-controlling structures in the metamorphic core complex mainly include gently inclined structural fracture zone in the detachment fault, gently inclined fault, steep inclined fault and explosive breccia pipe near the detachment fault. Qiyugou ore-field is mainly controlled by steep inclined fault and explosive breccia pipe near the detachment fault. The gold deposits of explosive breccia pipe type are of great importance to the ore-field.
Through the key analysis to J4 deposit and the contrastive study between this deposit and others, the following achievements and conclusions are made.
(1) The metallogenic geological conditions of the research area have been deeply analyzed from geological, geophysical, and geochemical aspects. The research also enriches the theory that the explosive breccia pipe typed gold deposits and the structural altered rock typed gold deposits in the mining area are controlled by metamorphic core complex. In Mesozoic era, the regional structural process shifted from compression to extension, followed by the formation of Mt. Xiong’er metamorphic core complex, the uprush of deep-seated materials, the large-scaled emplacement of magma and the large-scaled mineralization of gold.
(2) Through the key analysis to J4 deposit, new understanding to the metallogenic characteristics of explosive breccia typed deposits has been obtained, which offers a new mind for studying explosive breccia typed gold deposits. The height of 490m above sea level in J4 deposit is regarded as a borderline; above that it is characterized by vein-typed mineralization, while below that it is characterized by irregular mineralization. Furhthermore, the hydrothermal fluid alteration in the J4 explosive breccia rock body is characterized by concentric ring zones. From the core to outer zone of explosive breccia rock body are the following rock zones: quartz-potash feldspathization zone, quartz-biotite zone and propylitization zone. The irregular mineralization is mainly located at the contacting zone between quartz-potash feldspathization zone and quartz-biotite zone.
(3) Through contrastive study, J4 deposit is confirmed to be the explosive center (mineralization center) of the ore-field. It is concluded that there are two metallogenic systems in this ore-field, namely, the granite-porphyry gold metallogenic system and the monzonitic-porphyry molybdenum metallogenic system. The first system is formed earlier than the second one. Multi-type deposists are the outcome of same source and phase, but are formed in different metallogenic stages and structural space. The metallogenic materials mainly come from magma fluid, with partially coming from stratum. In addition, the metallogenic fluid is neither magmatic thermal water nor thermal brine, but between the two types. Compared to the deposits with same type in domestic and abroad, the explosive breccia typed deposits in the ore-field has its unique characteristics, which includes complicated breccia components, diverse mineralization, various types of minerals, clear zoning of hydrothermal alteration and few associated components.
(4) The metallogenic models of deposit and ore-field have been initially established. It is firstly put forward that there are four phases of ore-formation in the ore-field. The irregular ore-bodies are firstly formed, followed by structural altered rock typed gold deposits (Gongyu deposit), polymetallic sulphide typed gold deposits and molybdenum mineralizaion.
(5) In terms of the heterogeneity of irregular mineralization, the concept of“mineralization area”is put forward, which is to be a good guide to the delineation and exploration of gold ore bodies. According to the comprehensive surveying predictors, the ore prospecting prospective of the explosive breccia rock bodies in the ore-field has bee assessed, which is of great importance to the ore prospecting.
通过J4矿床的重点解剖和对比研究,本次研究取得的主要成果及认识为:
(1)从地质、地球物理、地球化学等方面深入分析了研究区的成矿地质条件,丰富了该区爆破角砾岩筒型金矿和构造蚀变岩型金矿受变质核杂岩控制的认识。在中生代,区域构造体制由挤压向伸展作用转换,形成了熊耳山变质核杂岩,引发了深部物质上涌而导致伸展隆升、大规模岩浆侵位及金的大规模成矿作用。
(2)通过J4的重点解剖,对爆破角砾岩型矿床的成矿特征有了新的认识,为研究爆破角砾岩型金矿床提供了新的思路。J4内大致以490m标高为界,其上以脉状矿化为主,其下主要为不规则状矿化;厘定了J4爆破角砾岩体内热液蚀变具有“同心环状”分带的特征,自爆破角砾岩体中心向外依次为:石英-钾长石化带、石英-黑云母化带、青磐岩化带,不规则状矿体主要集中分布在石英-钾长石化带和石英-黑云母化带交接处。
(3)经对比研究,确定了矿田内以J4为爆发中心(矿化中心),识别出区内存在花岗斑岩-金成矿体系和二长斑岩-钼成矿体系,前者形成时间早于后者;多型矿床是同源、同期、不同成矿阶段、不同构造空间的产物。成矿物质主要来源于岩浆流体,部分为地层提供。成矿流体性质介于岩浆热液与热卤水之间;与国内外同类型矿床对比,研究区内爆破角砾岩型矿床的独特之处,主要表现在角砾成份复杂、矿化形式多样、矿物种类繁多、热液蚀变分带明显及伴生组份少等方面。
(4)初步建立了矿床、矿田两个层次的成矿模式。提出了矿田内成矿作用表现为四次成矿叠加的新认识,不规状矿体形成在先,依次形成构造蚀变岩型金矿床(公峪矿区)、多金属硫化物型金矿脉和钼矿化。
(5)针对不规则状矿化的不均匀性,提出了“矿化域”的概念,对金矿体圈定和工业利用有较好的指导作用;依据综合找矿标志,对矿田内爆破角砾岩体的找矿前景做了初步评价,具有重要的找矿参考价值。
The metamorphic core complex of Mt. Xiong’er, formed in the background of regional extension of Mesozoic Era, plays a controlling role in the formation of gold deposits in the mining area. The ore-controlling structures in the metamorphic core complex mainly include gently inclined structural fracture zone in the detachment fault, gently inclined fault, steep inclined fault and explosive breccia pipe near the detachment fault. Qiyugou ore-field is mainly controlled by steep inclined fault and explosive breccia pipe near the detachment fault. The gold deposits of explosive breccia pipe type are of great importance to the ore-field.
Through the key analysis to J4 deposit and the contrastive study between this deposit and others, the following achievements and conclusions are made.
(1) The metallogenic geological conditions of the research area have been deeply analyzed from geological, geophysical, and geochemical aspects. The research also enriches the theory that the explosive breccia pipe typed gold deposits and the structural altered rock typed gold deposits in the mining area are controlled by metamorphic core complex. In Mesozoic era, the regional structural process shifted from compression to extension, followed by the formation of Mt. Xiong’er metamorphic core complex, the uprush of deep-seated materials, the large-scaled emplacement of magma and the large-scaled mineralization of gold.
(2) Through the key analysis to J4 deposit, new understanding to the metallogenic characteristics of explosive breccia typed deposits has been obtained, which offers a new mind for studying explosive breccia typed gold deposits. The height of 490m above sea level in J4 deposit is regarded as a borderline; above that it is characterized by vein-typed mineralization, while below that it is characterized by irregular mineralization. Furhthermore, the hydrothermal fluid alteration in the J4 explosive breccia rock body is characterized by concentric ring zones. From the core to outer zone of explosive breccia rock body are the following rock zones: quartz-potash feldspathization zone, quartz-biotite zone and propylitization zone. The irregular mineralization is mainly located at the contacting zone between quartz-potash feldspathization zone and quartz-biotite zone.
(3) Through contrastive study, J4 deposit is confirmed to be the explosive center (mineralization center) of the ore-field. It is concluded that there are two metallogenic systems in this ore-field, namely, the granite-porphyry gold metallogenic system and the monzonitic-porphyry molybdenum metallogenic system. The first system is formed earlier than the second one. Multi-type deposists are the outcome of same source and phase, but are formed in different metallogenic stages and structural space. The metallogenic materials mainly come from magma fluid, with partially coming from stratum. In addition, the metallogenic fluid is neither magmatic thermal water nor thermal brine, but between the two types. Compared to the deposits with same type in domestic and abroad, the explosive breccia typed deposits in the ore-field has its unique characteristics, which includes complicated breccia components, diverse mineralization, various types of minerals, clear zoning of hydrothermal alteration and few associated components.
(4) The metallogenic models of deposit and ore-field have been initially established. It is firstly put forward that there are four phases of ore-formation in the ore-field. The irregular ore-bodies are firstly formed, followed by structural altered rock typed gold deposits (Gongyu deposit), polymetallic sulphide typed gold deposits and molybdenum mineralizaion.
(5) In terms of the heterogeneity of irregular mineralization, the concept of“mineralization area”is put forward, which is to be a good guide to the delineation and exploration of gold ore bodies. According to the comprehensive surveying predictors, the ore prospecting prospective of the explosive breccia rock bodies in the ore-field has bee assessed, which is of great importance to the ore prospecting.
引文
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