南堡凹陷古近系东营组孢粉植物群研究
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摘要
在南堡油田古近系东营组16口井213个样品中,获得丰富的孢粉化石,详细描述化石27属81种。根据孢粉属种及含量变化,划分一个波形榆粉高含量的孢粉组合和四个亚组合。自下而上孢粉亚组合为:波形榆粉(Ulmipollenitesundulosus)-栎粉属(Quercoidites)亚组合,分布在东三段上亚段;胡桃粉属(Juglanspollenites)-椴粉属(Tiliaepollenites)亚组合/松科(Pinaceae)-藜粉属(Chenopodipollis)亚组合,分布在东二段;(Cedripites)-云杉粉属(Piceapollis)亚组合分布在东一段。
南堡凹陷东营组孢粉组合中裸子植物花粉以具气囊的松科植物花粉最多,且以双束松粉和单束松粉为主,雪松粉属、铁杉粉属和云杉粉属含量较为丰富;被子植物花粉以波形榆粉为主,栎粉属、胡桃粉属和桦科花粉的含量相当丰富,其时代应归入渐新世。由于松科(Pinaceae)-藜粉属(Chenopodipollis)亚组合的双气囊的松科花粉含量突出,藜粉、禾本粉、蒿粉、刺面三孔沟粉和粗肋孢等新近系繁盛分子只是少量出现,把其划归为渐新世是合适的。南堡凹陷东营组孢粉组合可以与渤海湾盆地其它凹陷东营组孢粉组合,以及东昆仑和唐古拉山渐新世的孢粉组合进行对比。
孢粉来自植物,化石丰富的孢粉组合能反映植物群面貌。选择一些母体植物具有明显生态特征的花粉类型作为气候的代用指标,分析表明,南堡凹陷东营组的植被为针叶和落叶阔叶的混交林,反映为暖温带-亚热带的湿润气候。东营组二段胡桃粉属(Juglanspollenites)-椴粉属(Tiliaepollenites)亚组合和松科(Pinaceae)-藜粉属(Chenopodipollis)亚组合的不同,表明小区域沉积环境的差异。孢粉资料反映南堡凹陷北堡油田和老爷庙油田地区地形的高差大、坡度大。孢粉特征是对地质构造特征的响应。
The palynological analysis of 213 samples from 16 wells of the Paleogene Dongying Formation,Nanpu sag was carried out in this dissertation,of which 81 Species of 27 Genera were carefully examined and described.According to sporopollen contents,one assemblage and four sub-assemblages including the two caeval have been proposed which are characterized by the predominance of Ulmipollenites undulosus.The four sub-assemblages from the bottom to the top are: Ulmipollenites undulosus-Quercoidites sub-assemblage(Ed_3);Juglanspollenites-Tiliaepollenites sub-assemblage(Ed_2),Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage (Ed_2) and Cedripites-Piceapollis sub-assemblage(Ed_1).
Since most of the gymnospermous pollens are double-balloon Pinaceae,which are primary Pinuspollenites and Abietinepollenites with abundant Cedripites, Tsugaepollenites and Piceapollis,and since most of angiospermous pollens are Ulmipollenites undulosus with abundant Quercoidites,Juglanspollenites and Betulaceae,the sporopollen assemblage with high Ulmipollenites undulosus content should be assigned to Oligocene in age.As contents of double-balloon Pinaceae pollens of Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage are outstanding,with only a few of Neogene flourish pollens appeared,such as Chenopodipollis,Graminidites, Artemisiaepollenites,Echitricolporites and Magnatriatites,it is suitable to assign Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage to Oligocene.Sporopollen assemblages from Dongying Formation in Nanpu sag can be compared with those from other sags in Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt and Tanggula Mountains.
As sporopollens came from plants,paleovegetation features can be outlined based on sporopollen assemblages.Some sporopollens which have obvious ecological characteristics were selected to infer the climate.The result shows that in Oligocene of Nanpu sag the paleovegetation is characterized by the needle-broadleaf mixed forest,which reflects a humid-warm temperate or subtropical climate.The difference between Juglanspollenites-Tiliaepollenites sub-assemblage and Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage may be caused by the difference of regional sedimentary environments.Sporopollen assemblages indicate a large height and steep terrain slope of Beipu and Laoyemiao oilfields in Nanpu sag.Sporopollen assemblage characters can serve as good index for the regional tectonic features.
南堡凹陷东营组孢粉组合中裸子植物花粉以具气囊的松科植物花粉最多,且以双束松粉和单束松粉为主,雪松粉属、铁杉粉属和云杉粉属含量较为丰富;被子植物花粉以波形榆粉为主,栎粉属、胡桃粉属和桦科花粉的含量相当丰富,其时代应归入渐新世。由于松科(Pinaceae)-藜粉属(Chenopodipollis)亚组合的双气囊的松科花粉含量突出,藜粉、禾本粉、蒿粉、刺面三孔沟粉和粗肋孢等新近系繁盛分子只是少量出现,把其划归为渐新世是合适的。南堡凹陷东营组孢粉组合可以与渤海湾盆地其它凹陷东营组孢粉组合,以及东昆仑和唐古拉山渐新世的孢粉组合进行对比。
孢粉来自植物,化石丰富的孢粉组合能反映植物群面貌。选择一些母体植物具有明显生态特征的花粉类型作为气候的代用指标,分析表明,南堡凹陷东营组的植被为针叶和落叶阔叶的混交林,反映为暖温带-亚热带的湿润气候。东营组二段胡桃粉属(Juglanspollenites)-椴粉属(Tiliaepollenites)亚组合和松科(Pinaceae)-藜粉属(Chenopodipollis)亚组合的不同,表明小区域沉积环境的差异。孢粉资料反映南堡凹陷北堡油田和老爷庙油田地区地形的高差大、坡度大。孢粉特征是对地质构造特征的响应。
The palynological analysis of 213 samples from 16 wells of the Paleogene Dongying Formation,Nanpu sag was carried out in this dissertation,of which 81 Species of 27 Genera were carefully examined and described.According to sporopollen contents,one assemblage and four sub-assemblages including the two caeval have been proposed which are characterized by the predominance of Ulmipollenites undulosus.The four sub-assemblages from the bottom to the top are: Ulmipollenites undulosus-Quercoidites sub-assemblage(Ed_3);Juglanspollenites-Tiliaepollenites sub-assemblage(Ed_2),Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage (Ed_2) and Cedripites-Piceapollis sub-assemblage(Ed_1).
Since most of the gymnospermous pollens are double-balloon Pinaceae,which are primary Pinuspollenites and Abietinepollenites with abundant Cedripites, Tsugaepollenites and Piceapollis,and since most of angiospermous pollens are Ulmipollenites undulosus with abundant Quercoidites,Juglanspollenites and Betulaceae,the sporopollen assemblage with high Ulmipollenites undulosus content should be assigned to Oligocene in age.As contents of double-balloon Pinaceae pollens of Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage are outstanding,with only a few of Neogene flourish pollens appeared,such as Chenopodipollis,Graminidites, Artemisiaepollenites,Echitricolporites and Magnatriatites,it is suitable to assign Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage to Oligocene.Sporopollen assemblages from Dongying Formation in Nanpu sag can be compared with those from other sags in Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt and Tanggula Mountains.
As sporopollens came from plants,paleovegetation features can be outlined based on sporopollen assemblages.Some sporopollens which have obvious ecological characteristics were selected to infer the climate.The result shows that in Oligocene of Nanpu sag the paleovegetation is characterized by the needle-broadleaf mixed forest,which reflects a humid-warm temperate or subtropical climate.The difference between Juglanspollenites-Tiliaepollenites sub-assemblage and Pinaceae-Chenopodipollis sub-assemblage may be caused by the difference of regional sedimentary environments.Sporopollen assemblages indicate a large height and steep terrain slope of Beipu and Laoyemiao oilfields in Nanpu sag.Sporopollen assemblage characters can serve as good index for the regional tectonic features.
引文
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