密井网条件下开发地震解释技术在油田调整中应用
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摘要
随着大庆油田已进入高含水后期开发阶段,剩余油预测业已成为油田开发的核心问题和提高采收率的瓶颈。而控制剩余油分布的关键问题就是微幅度构造、小断层和井间砂体展布,早期长垣油田没有三维地震资料,构造解释、储层预测是靠已有井刻画、预测,缺乏客观性、准确性;在井网密度达到50～55口/km~2,砂体认识程度只能达到60%～75%,断点组合只有85%左右,这正是密井网条件下开发地震解释技术的核心攻关内容。
本论文以大庆喇嘛甸油田为例,以开发地震处理成果和理论研究为基础,结合测井信息,从构造解释入手,结合正演模拟、纵横波联合地震地质层位标定、多种小断层识别方法的综合运用,。通过对密井网条件下小断层、微幅度解释方法及各种条件下储层反演参数试验、地震属性系统分析研究,实现了3m断层可识别、5m断层准确识别;薄层砂体预测精度高,构造解释误差1m左右。从而形成了密井网条件下构造解释、储层预测流程。主要成果与创新点如下:
(1)进一步完善了小断层识别方法。在纵横波联合层位标定技术的基础上,以纵波资料为主,采用相干体、蚂蚁体、横波联合层位追踪、空变三维速度场时深转换等技术联合手段,应用转换波资料和钻井断点数据为引导,井点动态资料为后验,最终用干扰试井资料落实,使断层空间组合结构更合理,提高了3m以上小断层的识别精度,后验井误差小于0.2%。
(2)探索出适合密井网条件下地震反演思路。通过反演参数优化,优选波阻抗约束随机模拟反演方法,分析了地震反演参与井数、砂体预测精度的关系,并应用抽稀井反演实验,使3m以上厚度砂体预测符合率达到85%以上。
(3)提高了井间砂体预测精度、完善了喇嘛甸油田的沉积微相相图。利用井震联合地震属性反演结果,结合密井网条件下沉积微相研究成果,确定了砂体展布特征,完善了原有沉积微相的认识。
(4)落实了微幅度构造形态。在井分层引导、地震解释的砂岩组顶底面和断面约束下,结合井点动态信息,构造图误差控制在±2m以内,大部分控制在±1m左右。
(5)本次研究成果应用于老油田二次开发调整。利用井震结合精细构造解释、储层预测成果及动态分析寻找剩余油富集区,完成3口水平井及4口斜井设计,从3口水平井完钻结果看,砂体钻遇率70%以上;并根据小断层与砂体预测成果,优化新井射孔方案、完善单砂体注采关系,为老油田精细挖潜提供技术支持。
With development of Daqing Oilfield having entered the later stage of high water cut the remaining oil prediction has become the core problem of oilfield development and the bottleneck of EOR. The key problems of controlling the remaining oil distribution are structures with micro amplitudes, small faults and sand-body distribution between wells. Without 3D seismic data structure interpretation and reservoir prediction are conducted on the basis of well portray and prediction, lacking objectivity and accuracy; in the case of the well pattern density of 50～55 well/km~2 the understanding degrees of sand body can only reach 60%～75%, breakpoint combination is only about 85%, which are the core contents of development seismology interpretation technology under dense well patterns.
Taking Lamadian Oilfield of Daqing as an example, on the basis of development seismology processing achievements and theoretic researches, combining with logging information and structure interpretation, and combing with comprehensive application to forward simulation, geological horizon calibration from P and S-wave combined seismology, many methods of recognizing small faults, taking increase of interpretation accuracy of small faults and structures with micro amplitude and prediction accuracy of sand bodies between wells as the goal, through tests of interpretation methods of small faults and structures with micro amplitude under dense well patterns and inversion parameters from reservoirs under deferent condition and analytical study of seismic attribute system, this paper realizes recognition of faults of 3m and accurate recognition of faults of 5m; the prediction accuracy of thin sand bodies is high, and the error of structural interpretation is about 1m. The paper also presents the structural interpretation and the reservoir prediction suitable for the dense well pattern condition. Main achievements and innovation pointsare as following:
(1) The methods of recognizing small faults are improved further. On the basis of thecalibrated technology for P and S-wave combined horizons, taking P-wave data as the dominant factor, using techniques, such as coherent body, ant body, S-wave combined horizon tracing, time to depth conversion of special variation 3D velocity field, using converted wave and well breakpoint data for guide, using dynamic data from well points as posteriority, and using data from interference test wells to ascertain, the special combination structure of faults are made more reasonable, the accuracy of recognizing small faults above 3m is risen, the error of posterior wells is smaller than 0.2%.
(2) The clue for seismic inversion suitable for dense well pattern condition is explored. Through optimization of inversion parameters, the restrained probabilistic simulation method for wave impedance is optimized, the relationship among seismic inversion parameters, well numbers and sand body prediction accuracy is analyzed, the vacuated well is used for inversion test, and the predict coincidence rate of sand bodies above 3m reaches more than 85%.
(3) The accuracy of predicting sand bodies between wells is risen, and the diagrams of sedimentary microfacies in Lamadian Oilfield is improved. Using inversion results of well-seismology combined seismic attributes, and combining with achievements of sedimentary microfacies under dense well patterns, the characteristics of sand body distribution are determined, and the understanding about the sedimentary microfacies are improved.
(4) The morphologies of structures with micro amplitude are ascertained. Under restriction of the top and bottom surfaces and fault surface of sandstone groups that are guided by layering in wells and interpreted seismically, combining with dynamic information from well points, the error of the structural map is controlled within±2m, mostly controlling within about±lm.
(5) The achievement is used in the secondary development adjustment. Using the finely structural interpretation of well-seismology combination, reservoir prediction achievements and dynamic analysis to find remaining oil enriching areas, the design of 3 horizontal wells and 4 deviated wells is finished. It can be seen from 3 horizontal wells that the penetration rate of sand body is above 70%, on the basis of prediction achievements from small faults and sand bodies, the perforation plan for new wells is optimized, the injection-production relationship of single sand body is improved, providing the further development in old oilfields with technical support.
本论文以大庆喇嘛甸油田为例,以开发地震处理成果和理论研究为基础,结合测井信息,从构造解释入手,结合正演模拟、纵横波联合地震地质层位标定、多种小断层识别方法的综合运用,。通过对密井网条件下小断层、微幅度解释方法及各种条件下储层反演参数试验、地震属性系统分析研究,实现了3m断层可识别、5m断层准确识别;薄层砂体预测精度高,构造解释误差1m左右。从而形成了密井网条件下构造解释、储层预测流程。主要成果与创新点如下:
(1)进一步完善了小断层识别方法。在纵横波联合层位标定技术的基础上,以纵波资料为主,采用相干体、蚂蚁体、横波联合层位追踪、空变三维速度场时深转换等技术联合手段,应用转换波资料和钻井断点数据为引导,井点动态资料为后验,最终用干扰试井资料落实,使断层空间组合结构更合理,提高了3m以上小断层的识别精度,后验井误差小于0.2%。
(2)探索出适合密井网条件下地震反演思路。通过反演参数优化,优选波阻抗约束随机模拟反演方法,分析了地震反演参与井数、砂体预测精度的关系,并应用抽稀井反演实验,使3m以上厚度砂体预测符合率达到85%以上。
(3)提高了井间砂体预测精度、完善了喇嘛甸油田的沉积微相相图。利用井震联合地震属性反演结果,结合密井网条件下沉积微相研究成果,确定了砂体展布特征,完善了原有沉积微相的认识。
(4)落实了微幅度构造形态。在井分层引导、地震解释的砂岩组顶底面和断面约束下,结合井点动态信息,构造图误差控制在±2m以内,大部分控制在±1m左右。
(5)本次研究成果应用于老油田二次开发调整。利用井震结合精细构造解释、储层预测成果及动态分析寻找剩余油富集区,完成3口水平井及4口斜井设计,从3口水平井完钻结果看,砂体钻遇率70%以上;并根据小断层与砂体预测成果,优化新井射孔方案、完善单砂体注采关系,为老油田精细挖潜提供技术支持。
With development of Daqing Oilfield having entered the later stage of high water cut the remaining oil prediction has become the core problem of oilfield development and the bottleneck of EOR. The key problems of controlling the remaining oil distribution are structures with micro amplitudes, small faults and sand-body distribution between wells. Without 3D seismic data structure interpretation and reservoir prediction are conducted on the basis of well portray and prediction, lacking objectivity and accuracy; in the case of the well pattern density of 50～55 well/km~2 the understanding degrees of sand body can only reach 60%～75%, breakpoint combination is only about 85%, which are the core contents of development seismology interpretation technology under dense well patterns.
Taking Lamadian Oilfield of Daqing as an example, on the basis of development seismology processing achievements and theoretic researches, combining with logging information and structure interpretation, and combing with comprehensive application to forward simulation, geological horizon calibration from P and S-wave combined seismology, many methods of recognizing small faults, taking increase of interpretation accuracy of small faults and structures with micro amplitude and prediction accuracy of sand bodies between wells as the goal, through tests of interpretation methods of small faults and structures with micro amplitude under dense well patterns and inversion parameters from reservoirs under deferent condition and analytical study of seismic attribute system, this paper realizes recognition of faults of 3m and accurate recognition of faults of 5m; the prediction accuracy of thin sand bodies is high, and the error of structural interpretation is about 1m. The paper also presents the structural interpretation and the reservoir prediction suitable for the dense well pattern condition. Main achievements and innovation pointsare as following:
(1) The methods of recognizing small faults are improved further. On the basis of thecalibrated technology for P and S-wave combined horizons, taking P-wave data as the dominant factor, using techniques, such as coherent body, ant body, S-wave combined horizon tracing, time to depth conversion of special variation 3D velocity field, using converted wave and well breakpoint data for guide, using dynamic data from well points as posteriority, and using data from interference test wells to ascertain, the special combination structure of faults are made more reasonable, the accuracy of recognizing small faults above 3m is risen, the error of posterior wells is smaller than 0.2%.
(2) The clue for seismic inversion suitable for dense well pattern condition is explored. Through optimization of inversion parameters, the restrained probabilistic simulation method for wave impedance is optimized, the relationship among seismic inversion parameters, well numbers and sand body prediction accuracy is analyzed, the vacuated well is used for inversion test, and the predict coincidence rate of sand bodies above 3m reaches more than 85%.
(3) The accuracy of predicting sand bodies between wells is risen, and the diagrams of sedimentary microfacies in Lamadian Oilfield is improved. Using inversion results of well-seismology combined seismic attributes, and combining with achievements of sedimentary microfacies under dense well patterns, the characteristics of sand body distribution are determined, and the understanding about the sedimentary microfacies are improved.
(4) The morphologies of structures with micro amplitude are ascertained. Under restriction of the top and bottom surfaces and fault surface of sandstone groups that are guided by layering in wells and interpreted seismically, combining with dynamic information from well points, the error of the structural map is controlled within±2m, mostly controlling within about±lm.
(5) The achievement is used in the secondary development adjustment. Using the finely structural interpretation of well-seismology combination, reservoir prediction achievements and dynamic analysis to find remaining oil enriching areas, the design of 3 horizontal wells and 4 deviated wells is finished. It can be seen from 3 horizontal wells that the penetration rate of sand body is above 70%, on the basis of prediction achievements from small faults and sand bodies, the perforation plan for new wells is optimized, the injection-production relationship of single sand body is improved, providing the further development in old oilfields with technical support.
引文
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