松辽盆地北部上古生界热演化史恢复
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摘要
松辽盆地基底及周边地区广泛分布石炭-二叠系,厚度大,范围广,越来越多的资料显示松辽盆地基底上古生界具有很大的生烃潜力,恢复松辽盆地基底上古生界热演化史,对预测松辽盆地基底上古生界油气远景具有十分重要的意义。本文针对松辽盆.地基底上古生界热演化研究存在的问题,结合与盆地外围的对比研究,在恢复地层剥蚀量,结合埋藏史和区域构造演化研究的基础上,基于Ro测试数据,使用TTI和ESAY%Ro方法,重建了松辽盆地基底上古生界热演化动态过程,确定了盆地基底上古生界的热演化程度。松辽盆地基底上古生界在不同地区热演化程度存在着明显的不均一性,构造位置、埋藏深度和岩浆侵入等是影响这种不均一性的主要原因。松辽盆地基底上古生界主要经历了晚古生代和中生代两次加热过程,中生代加热强度大于晚古生代之前的加热强度,中生代的加热过程使上古生界地层中有机质进一步成熟。使用有限元法模拟了不同规模及形态岩浆侵入活动的热效应,模拟结果显示：岩浆侵入体规模影响了围岩热作用范围和持续时间,岩浆侵入体形态对岩浆侵入后50年内侵入体周围热力场的形态有明显影响。岩浆侵入对围岩中有机质成熟度有明显影响,一个50m宽的侵入岩体,在距离岩体50m处可使地温升高70℃,并引起Ro升高约0.3%。在综合松辽盆地基底上古生界分布、剥蚀量、热演化史以及岩浆侵入对有机质成熟度影响等因素的基础上,确定了油气远景预测原则,圈定出西部断陷区、东北断隆起区的绥化断陷、东南断陷区的徐家围子断陷、兰西隆起及其与庙台子断陷过渡带等为四个有利远景区。
With the country growing demand for oil and gas resources, search for replacement with the strategic significance of new exploration areas becomes more urgent. Reconstruction of basin strata of Late Paleozoic basement thermal history is deep basin resources to open up new areas for exploration the key is to identify the basin basement strata of Late Paleozoic deep basin is as effective source rocks in this growing concern by people core. Basin and its peripheral widely developed in the late Paleozoic strata, the depth varies greatly (1～7km), generally 3～5km, mainly distributed in the western rift zone, the central uplift area and the southeast uplift zone, lindian region's most thick, to 7km, followed Sanzhao area, the thickest Zhaodong to 6km, the thickest northeast uplift for the 5km, heiyupao-Daqing area thick and wide distribution. Rocks include shale, slate, phyllite and carbonate rocks like slate, rock and mineral composition and structure of very low grade metamorphism show that more and more information Basin basement Paleozoic strata have important petroleum geological significance. Basin marine strata of Late Paleozoic basement, high abundance of organic matter, organic matter typeⅡ2-Ⅲtype, high maturity (Ro> 2.0%), had Carboniferous-Permian gas reservoirs found in a number of and CO2 gas reservoirs. Exploration results have been revealed Basin bedrock weathering crust, rock fissures exist in natural gas, Zhaoshen-1 Well in the basement crust 1×104m3 of industrial air by one day, Wang-902 well, Ren-5 well in the basement rock of any drilling case of gas. Existing research shows that Basin deep bedrock weathering crust, bedrock fractures and found the upper reservoir of organic deep source gas, may be derived from the Carboniferous-Permian strata. The results show that surrounding the basin, northeast China developed the Early Devonian, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, the Permian and Late Permian, four sets of dark rocks. Longjiang areas of the Permian field study found that dry asphalt is Carboniferous-Permian rock itself generated.
The northern basin basement metamorphic thermal simulation results show that metamorphic certain hydrocarbon potential, the equivalent of source rocks Ro 2.0%to 3.5% range, hydrocarbon intensity 3.0×108～23.8×108 m3/km2. Rock thin section, illite crystallinity, geochemical analysis shows that today the formation of vitrinite reflectance was 2.05%～7.60%, in most parts of the slight modification that the very low-grade metamorphism, with relatively high abundance of organic matter degree, the whole basin, the average organic carbon 1.17%, Sishen-1 Well 1289.5m thick strata of organic carbon values as high as the average 1.45%.
Thermal history of sedimentary basins reconstruction is to restore the ancient geothermal field and its time evolution. The current restoration of ancient sedimentary basin commonly used method of temperature there are two categories:the first is the use of thermal indicators to simulate a variety of ancient basin thermal history, the main palaeothermometry including organic maturity Ro, fluid inclusions, clay minerals, phosphorus ash fission track and other stone; the second is the thermal dynamics of basin evolution model to study ancient temperatures. Late Paleozoic strata in northern basin depth of large, its maximum temperature experienced by the general over the apatite fission track annealing temperature, it is difficult for the system to their apatite fission track analysis. The main research method is combined with Ro palaeothermometry heat conduction numerical simulation.
Different tectonic units of different uplift rate of erosion can result in different regions showed different degrees of thermal evolution. Uplift rate of denudation in the small area, low levels of thermal evolution of the rock surface; in the uplift rate of denudation of the region, a high degree of thermal evolution of surface rocks. Uplift rate of denudation and erosion of small areas of uplift in areas of secondary burial in the process of thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation with different characteristics. Thermal history of recovery, you first need to restore accurate to history, but to the history of restoration of erosion thickness is one of the important parameters, erosion process is an important part of burial history. Basal Carboniferous Basin-Permian suffered a degree of erosion, denudation in different wells varies greatly. In this study, according to the geological basin characteristics and the data collected, use the principle of material balance based on the density difference method to restore law and Ro the northern basin of the Upper Paleozoic basement denudation. The results showed that the northern basin of the Upper Paleozoic denudation has certain rules, in the center of the basin near the central uplift, and southeast rift zone Xujiaweizi depression denudation small, out denudation increased the minimum amount of erosion 91.6771m, of up to 4045.7269m, the more obvious differences.
EASY%Ro method is the most accurate model of Ro, is more widely used methods in moderate to high maturity, when more accurate. This study is in the basin to restore the basis of the history, use Ro data, mainly using the EASY% Ro model, and supporting the use of TTI model, restoration of the Upper Paleozoic basin in the Mesozoic thermal evolution of the second degree before burial, the highest ancient temperature, and the Mesozoic Paleozoic secondary burial on the degree of thermal evolution, and finally, using finite element modeling, simulation of early Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatic intrusion in the Late Paleozoic strata in the maturity of organic matter.
Basin north of the Carboniferous-Permian generally higher degree of thermal evolution, the majority of vitrinite reflectance is greater than 2%, but in different regions, different structural parts of the maturity of organic matter is very different. In the basin, the current drilling data indicate that the northern basin of Carboniferous-Permian the greatest difference between the top of the depth of 4060m, the most shallow wells for Ren-7 well (537m), the deepest well as Songji-6 well (4597m), As the depth of the different degree of thermal evolution was significantly different. In addition, surrounding the basin, the Upper Paleozoic of the thermal evolution of the basin basement compared to the more obvious differences, analysis of the formation of the main reasons for this difference is the region of ancient thermal field, opposite the settlement, the difference of uplift, magmatic activity fault activity. For the Carboniferous-Permian strata and then buried before the restoration of the thermal evolution degree, use Ro data in this study, using the time-temperature index (TTI) model. The results show that the Carboniferous-Permian Ro after the second burial buried more than twice before the Ro, the role of the eastern region of the secondary burial of the Carboniferous-Permian thermal maturity of stronger than in the western region, some areas buried before the second or even lower than the thermal evolution of the overlying Mesozoic its current degree of evolution.
In the sedimentary basin, for extrusive rock, due to its rapid cooling after the emission, its underlying sedimentary strata in the thermal evolution of organic matter affected to a lesser extent, even as the heat emitted from rocks generated hydrocarbons, in the absence appropriate storage conditions, it is difficult to save. For intrusive rocks, their formation is a relatively slow exothermic process, so its rock in the evolution of organic matter will affect, using the finite element method this magmatic intrusion of heat conduction modeling, to analysis magma intrusion on the thermal evolution of organic matter surrounding the impact. The results indicate that the intrusion of a 50m wide rock, about 100m away from the rock, within 200 years after the intrusion of magma, the temperature rising rapidly, it began its sharp decline, but the cooling rate is lower than the rate of warming, and in from the rock over 200m office, the degree of its temperature is not obvious. Magma intrusion in 4000, the rock temperature and rock temperature tend to the same temperature within the range of 5℃. With increasing distance from the rock, heating up more and more small extent, its because of the warming caused by magma intrusion temperature of the maximum time to reach more and more later. Magma intrusion on the surrounding temperature field range of about 800m, However, the more away from the mass, the smaller its temperature range, but from the beginning to heat up the temperature dropped to normal temperature gradient, the more time they experienced increasingly short, so by the surrounding magma intrusion caused the change in the maturity of organic matter, this range will be smaller. The intrusive rock 50m 50m away from their place can cause the increase of about 0.3% Ro,100m office about 0.15%,200m office about 0.02%, the effective impact of the total area of about 200m. 100m of intrusive rock at a distance of 50m Ro place can cause the increase of about 0.97%, 100m Office, about 0.4%,200m office about 0.16%,500m office about 0.05%, the effective impact of the total area of about 500m.
Basin strata of Late Paleozoic basement is mainly affected by the oil and gas prospects of the development situation of the Late Paleozoic strata, the second degree of thermal evolution before burial, secondary burial in the process of thermal evolution of control. Meet the following conditions for oil and gas in areas with good vision:1, large thickness of the Carboniferous-Permian development zone and adjacent areas; 2, before the lower Mesozoic thermal evolution of the region, the new generation of strong thermal effect areas with higher intensity of hydrocarbon; 3, suffered minor uplift erosion, thick in the overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata of the region; 4, Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activity, magma intrusion and the end of hack so deep thermal heating effect strong areas. Finalized the western rift zone, northeast off the Suihua rift uplift area, southeast rift zone Xujiaweizi depression, Lanxi uplift and faulted transition zone with Miaotaizi four favorable prospecting area.
With the country growing demand for oil and gas resources, search for replacement with the strategic significance of new exploration areas becomes more urgent. Reconstruction of basin strata of Late Paleozoic basement thermal history is deep basin resources to open up new areas for exploration the key is to identify the basin basement strata of Late Paleozoic deep basin is as effective source rocks in this growing concern by people core. Basin and its peripheral widely developed in the late Paleozoic strata, the depth varies greatly (1～7km), generally 3～5km, mainly distributed in the western rift zone, the central uplift area and the southeast uplift zone, lindian region's most thick, to 7km, followed Sanzhao area, the thickest Zhaodong to 6km, the thickest northeast uplift for the 5km, heiyupao-Daqing area thick and wide distribution. Rocks include shale, slate, phyllite and carbonate rocks like slate, rock and mineral composition and structure of very low grade metamorphism show that more and more information Basin basement Paleozoic strata have important petroleum geological significance. Basin marine strata of Late Paleozoic basement, high abundance of organic matter, organic matter typeⅡ2-Ⅲtype, high maturity (Ro> 2.0%), had Carboniferous-Permian gas reservoirs found in a number of and CO2 gas reservoirs. Exploration results have been revealed Basin bedrock weathering crust, rock fissures exist in natural gas, Zhaoshen-1 Well in the basement crust 1×104m3 of industrial air by one day, Wang-902 well, Ren-5 well in the basement rock of any drilling case of gas. Existing research shows that Basin deep bedrock weathering crust, bedrock fractures and found the upper reservoir of organic deep source gas, may be derived from the Carboniferous-Permian strata. The results show that surrounding the basin, northeast China developed the Early Devonian, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, the Permian and Late Permian, four sets of dark rocks. Longjiang areas of the Permian field study found that dry asphalt is Carboniferous-Permian rock itself generated.
The northern basin basement metamorphic thermal simulation results show that metamorphic certain hydrocarbon potential, the equivalent of source rocks Ro 2.0%to 3.5% range, hydrocarbon intensity 3.0×108～23.8×108 m3/km2. Rock thin section, illite crystallinity, geochemical analysis shows that today the formation of vitrinite reflectance was 2.05%～7.60%, in most parts of the slight modification that the very low-grade metamorphism, with relatively high abundance of organic matter degree, the whole basin, the average organic carbon 1.17%, Sishen-1 Well 1289.5m thick strata of organic carbon values as high as the average 1.45%.
Thermal history of sedimentary basins reconstruction is to restore the ancient geothermal field and its time evolution. The current restoration of ancient sedimentary basin commonly used method of temperature there are two categories:the first is the use of thermal indicators to simulate a variety of ancient basin thermal history, the main palaeothermometry including organic maturity Ro, fluid inclusions, clay minerals, phosphorus ash fission track and other stone; the second is the thermal dynamics of basin evolution model to study ancient temperatures. Late Paleozoic strata in northern basin depth of large, its maximum temperature experienced by the general over the apatite fission track annealing temperature, it is difficult for the system to their apatite fission track analysis. The main research method is combined with Ro palaeothermometry heat conduction numerical simulation.
Different tectonic units of different uplift rate of erosion can result in different regions showed different degrees of thermal evolution. Uplift rate of denudation in the small area, low levels of thermal evolution of the rock surface; in the uplift rate of denudation of the region, a high degree of thermal evolution of surface rocks. Uplift rate of denudation and erosion of small areas of uplift in areas of secondary burial in the process of thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation with different characteristics. Thermal history of recovery, you first need to restore accurate to history, but to the history of restoration of erosion thickness is one of the important parameters, erosion process is an important part of burial history. Basal Carboniferous Basin-Permian suffered a degree of erosion, denudation in different wells varies greatly. In this study, according to the geological basin characteristics and the data collected, use the principle of material balance based on the density difference method to restore law and Ro the northern basin of the Upper Paleozoic basement denudation. The results showed that the northern basin of the Upper Paleozoic denudation has certain rules, in the center of the basin near the central uplift, and southeast rift zone Xujiaweizi depression denudation small, out denudation increased the minimum amount of erosion 91.6771m, of up to 4045.7269m, the more obvious differences.
EASY%Ro method is the most accurate model of Ro, is more widely used methods in moderate to high maturity, when more accurate. This study is in the basin to restore the basis of the history, use Ro data, mainly using the EASY% Ro model, and supporting the use of TTI model, restoration of the Upper Paleozoic basin in the Mesozoic thermal evolution of the second degree before burial, the highest ancient temperature, and the Mesozoic Paleozoic secondary burial on the degree of thermal evolution, and finally, using finite element modeling, simulation of early Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatic intrusion in the Late Paleozoic strata in the maturity of organic matter.
Basin north of the Carboniferous-Permian generally higher degree of thermal evolution, the majority of vitrinite reflectance is greater than 2%, but in different regions, different structural parts of the maturity of organic matter is very different. In the basin, the current drilling data indicate that the northern basin of Carboniferous-Permian the greatest difference between the top of the depth of 4060m, the most shallow wells for Ren-7 well (537m), the deepest well as Songji-6 well (4597m), As the depth of the different degree of thermal evolution was significantly different. In addition, surrounding the basin, the Upper Paleozoic of the thermal evolution of the basin basement compared to the more obvious differences, analysis of the formation of the main reasons for this difference is the region of ancient thermal field, opposite the settlement, the difference of uplift, magmatic activity fault activity. For the Carboniferous-Permian strata and then buried before the restoration of the thermal evolution degree, use Ro data in this study, using the time-temperature index (TTI) model. The results show that the Carboniferous-Permian Ro after the second burial buried more than twice before the Ro, the role of the eastern region of the secondary burial of the Carboniferous-Permian thermal maturity of stronger than in the western region, some areas buried before the second or even lower than the thermal evolution of the overlying Mesozoic its current degree of evolution.
In the sedimentary basin, for extrusive rock, due to its rapid cooling after the emission, its underlying sedimentary strata in the thermal evolution of organic matter affected to a lesser extent, even as the heat emitted from rocks generated hydrocarbons, in the absence appropriate storage conditions, it is difficult to save. For intrusive rocks, their formation is a relatively slow exothermic process, so its rock in the evolution of organic matter will affect, using the finite element method this magmatic intrusion of heat conduction modeling, to analysis magma intrusion on the thermal evolution of organic matter surrounding the impact. The results indicate that the intrusion of a 50m wide rock, about 100m away from the rock, within 200 years after the intrusion of magma, the temperature rising rapidly, it began its sharp decline, but the cooling rate is lower than the rate of warming, and in from the rock over 200m office, the degree of its temperature is not obvious. Magma intrusion in 4000, the rock temperature and rock temperature tend to the same temperature within the range of 5℃. With increasing distance from the rock, heating up more and more small extent, its because of the warming caused by magma intrusion temperature of the maximum time to reach more and more later. Magma intrusion on the surrounding temperature field range of about 800m, However, the more away from the mass, the smaller its temperature range, but from the beginning to heat up the temperature dropped to normal temperature gradient, the more time they experienced increasingly short, so by the surrounding magma intrusion caused the change in the maturity of organic matter, this range will be smaller. The intrusive rock 50m 50m away from their place can cause the increase of about 0.3% Ro,100m office about 0.15%,200m office about 0.02%, the effective impact of the total area of about 200m. 100m of intrusive rock at a distance of 50m Ro place can cause the increase of about 0.97%, 100m Office, about 0.4%,200m office about 0.16%,500m office about 0.05%, the effective impact of the total area of about 500m.
Basin strata of Late Paleozoic basement is mainly affected by the oil and gas prospects of the development situation of the Late Paleozoic strata, the second degree of thermal evolution before burial, secondary burial in the process of thermal evolution of control. Meet the following conditions for oil and gas in areas with good vision:1, large thickness of the Carboniferous-Permian development zone and adjacent areas; 2, before the lower Mesozoic thermal evolution of the region, the new generation of strong thermal effect areas with higher intensity of hydrocarbon; 3, suffered minor uplift erosion, thick in the overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata of the region; 4, Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activity, magma intrusion and the end of hack so deep thermal heating effect strong areas. Finalized the western rift zone, northeast off the Suihua rift uplift area, southeast rift zone Xujiaweizi depression, Lanxi uplift and faulted transition zone with Miaotaizi four favorable prospecting area.
引文
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