激光共聚焦和双光子显微镜对细胞的成像及植物细胞Cytomixis的研究
摘要
近十年来,由于生物荧光成像技术和荧光探针技术的飞速发展,以及生物活体组织和细胞的三维成像在生命科学研究中的重要意义,目前,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(Confocal Laser Scanning Microcopy,简称CLSM)是生物细胞和组织的三维成像最有效的设备,已经普遍的在各个实验室广泛应用。但由于一些因素的制约,成像效果还没有达到非常理想的目标。近年来,光学显微镜技术中的一个最引人注目的成就是双光子激发现象(Two Photon Excitation,简称TPE)在激光共聚焦扫描显微镜中的广泛应用。双光子技术可以使我们无需使用紫外光源就能达到检测紫外荧光探针的目的。双光子激光高度的三维空间分辨性(激发在很小的三次方空间内)和大的穿透深度使双光子荧光成像技术迅速在生物细胞和组织(尤其是植物细胞组织)的活体三维成像研究方面获得了广泛的应用。
同样,利用双光子激光扫描显微镜对活体细胞成像也存在一个关键问题：那就是目前缺乏有效的双光子荧光探针,因而利用传统荧光探针,双光子激光扫描显微镜也很难使不透明的、较厚的活体组织在较深的层面上进行清晰的荧光成像,目前国际上在活体植物不透明组织中成像研究中的最好记录是60-70nm,这也是当前生物学界对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和双光子激光扫描显微镜在应用中存在争论的焦点所在。因此,缺乏大吸收截面的荧光探针分子严重制约了双光子激光扫描显微镜的广泛应用。
本文首先通过利用各种传统的荧光探针和激光共聚焦显微镜以及双光子激光扫描显微镜,对各种细胞及细胞内的成分进行成像研究,从而对激光共聚焦显微镜及双光子激光扫描显微镜细胞成像的技术有一个深入的研究和总结。其次,通过研究双光子荧光探针的特性,我们合成并表征了几个具有高灵敏度、高双光子吸收截面的双光子核酸荧光探针,BMVEC、9E-BHVC和2,7-BHVC,同时利用这些探针对细胞核的双光子成像进行了系统的研究,为生命科学工作者们提供了几个细胞膜半通透性的、真正意义上的双光子核酸荧光探针。第三,通过利用高效荧光探针和激光共聚焦显微镜以及双光子激光扫描显微镜对活体植物细胞融合现象进行三维动态成像研究,为从根本上解决细胞融合现象研究中的争论,以及细胞融合的发生机理研究,建立了一个崭新的研究体系和平台。
Along the past recent years, confocal Laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy has moved from the realms of technical curiosity to be a standard application in many advanced cell biology laboratories. Like any new technology that has to gain its own space, TPE microscopy is still going through the growing pains in which reproducible protocols, probes, and applications are scarce. Yet, the published reports and unpublished results point out that TPE can eventually accommodate most available protocols and probes, most of the times with evident advantages. Further, the potential for plant sciences is obvious, as plant cells possess many absorbing molecules and structures and are routinely more opaque than tissues of other organisms.
However, so far, there were no reports on the probes that exhibit simultaneously the good two photon fluorescent properties and bio-imaging ability of biomolecular, such as nucleus. For thick and highly scattering specimens, two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy can not get clear-cut images using conventional fluorescent probes, the confocal Laser scanning microcopy imaging enabled the recording of images from biofilm down to a depth of 40μm, while two photon excitation images could be recorded at depth greater than 60-70μm. These research results show that the conventional fluorescent probes are unsuitable for thick samples due to their small two-photon action cross sections and needing high incident power. So absence of suitable two-photon fluorescent probes with high two-photon action cross sections, TPE microscopy is coming slow to be a generalized technology,
In this paper, firstly, we points out the obvious advantages of TPE over any other imaging method based on fluorescence, clearly improving signal-to-noise ratio and thick-tissue penetration and showing added potential for vital imaging. TPE microscopy is still going through the growing pains in which reproducible protocols, probes, and applications are scarce. And then we have imaged some biomolecular of cells by confocal Laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy. Secondly, we study the character of two-photon fluorescent probes, then synthesize and character several novel two-photon fluorescent DNA probes, BMVEC、9E-BHVC and 2,7-BHVC. And then we study application of these two-photon fluorescent DNA probes to nuclear imaging in living plant cells and turbid tissues. Thirdly,3-D and dynamic observation of transgenic plant cells with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy showed the real dynamic process of the separation of chromosome during the anaphase of mitosis and migration of chromosome from one cell to neighboring cell. These results indicated that the living observation system of cytomixis study has been established successfully.
同样,利用双光子激光扫描显微镜对活体细胞成像也存在一个关键问题：那就是目前缺乏有效的双光子荧光探针,因而利用传统荧光探针,双光子激光扫描显微镜也很难使不透明的、较厚的活体组织在较深的层面上进行清晰的荧光成像,目前国际上在活体植物不透明组织中成像研究中的最好记录是60-70nm,这也是当前生物学界对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和双光子激光扫描显微镜在应用中存在争论的焦点所在。因此,缺乏大吸收截面的荧光探针分子严重制约了双光子激光扫描显微镜的广泛应用。
本文首先通过利用各种传统的荧光探针和激光共聚焦显微镜以及双光子激光扫描显微镜,对各种细胞及细胞内的成分进行成像研究,从而对激光共聚焦显微镜及双光子激光扫描显微镜细胞成像的技术有一个深入的研究和总结。其次,通过研究双光子荧光探针的特性,我们合成并表征了几个具有高灵敏度、高双光子吸收截面的双光子核酸荧光探针,BMVEC、9E-BHVC和2,7-BHVC,同时利用这些探针对细胞核的双光子成像进行了系统的研究,为生命科学工作者们提供了几个细胞膜半通透性的、真正意义上的双光子核酸荧光探针。第三,通过利用高效荧光探针和激光共聚焦显微镜以及双光子激光扫描显微镜对活体植物细胞融合现象进行三维动态成像研究,为从根本上解决细胞融合现象研究中的争论,以及细胞融合的发生机理研究,建立了一个崭新的研究体系和平台。
Along the past recent years, confocal Laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy has moved from the realms of technical curiosity to be a standard application in many advanced cell biology laboratories. Like any new technology that has to gain its own space, TPE microscopy is still going through the growing pains in which reproducible protocols, probes, and applications are scarce. Yet, the published reports and unpublished results point out that TPE can eventually accommodate most available protocols and probes, most of the times with evident advantages. Further, the potential for plant sciences is obvious, as plant cells possess many absorbing molecules and structures and are routinely more opaque than tissues of other organisms.
However, so far, there were no reports on the probes that exhibit simultaneously the good two photon fluorescent properties and bio-imaging ability of biomolecular, such as nucleus. For thick and highly scattering specimens, two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy can not get clear-cut images using conventional fluorescent probes, the confocal Laser scanning microcopy imaging enabled the recording of images from biofilm down to a depth of 40μm, while two photon excitation images could be recorded at depth greater than 60-70μm. These research results show that the conventional fluorescent probes are unsuitable for thick samples due to their small two-photon action cross sections and needing high incident power. So absence of suitable two-photon fluorescent probes with high two-photon action cross sections, TPE microscopy is coming slow to be a generalized technology,
In this paper, firstly, we points out the obvious advantages of TPE over any other imaging method based on fluorescence, clearly improving signal-to-noise ratio and thick-tissue penetration and showing added potential for vital imaging. TPE microscopy is still going through the growing pains in which reproducible protocols, probes, and applications are scarce. And then we have imaged some biomolecular of cells by confocal Laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy. Secondly, we study the character of two-photon fluorescent probes, then synthesize and character several novel two-photon fluorescent DNA probes, BMVEC、9E-BHVC and 2,7-BHVC. And then we study application of these two-photon fluorescent DNA probes to nuclear imaging in living plant cells and turbid tissues. Thirdly,3-D and dynamic observation of transgenic plant cells with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy showed the real dynamic process of the separation of chromosome during the anaphase of mitosis and migration of chromosome from one cell to neighboring cell. These results indicated that the living observation system of cytomixis study has been established successfully.
引文
L．T.伊文思。1973,作物生理学,农业出版社,127-128
郭光沁,郑国锠。1998,绿色荧光蛋白在活体细胞分子生物学研究中的应用。世界科技研究与发展,20,70-75
李宪章,邵莉楣,殷蔚薏,娄成后。1985,利用DAPI荧光染料对核穿壁在高等植物中分布的初步检查。植物学报,27：614-617
李振声。1982,蓝粒单体小麦研究(一)。遗传学报,9：431-438.
刘恒,2003,Cytomixis活体研究体系的建立以及用双光子显微镜对烟草花药细胞中cytomixis的初步活体观察。兰州大学博士论文
刘鑫,刘恒,贾鹏飞,张波,王军杰,赵宁,张元红,于晓强。2009,一种新型的用于细胞核成像的双光子荧光探针。高等学校化学学报,30：465-467
刘志学,1996,几种远缘植物细胞共培养中细胞连接形成及植株再生的研究。兰州大学博士论文.
娄成后。1955,植物体中原生质体的连续性。植物学报,4：183-222
娄成后,吴素萱,张伟成,邵莉梅。1956,大蒜原生质的细胞间运动与有机物的运输。植物学报,5：345-362。
娄成后,邵莉楣,段静霞。1973,高等植物衰老叶片中原生质体的撤退现象以及原生质流动在有机物运输中可能具有的作用。植物学报,15：204-220
娄成后,吴素萱,张伟成。1962高等植物中原生质在细胞间运动的活体观察。科学通报,90：52-54
聂秀莞,王新宇,陈绍文,郑国铝。1991,百合花粉母细胞腺苷三磷酸酶反应产物的X-射线微区分析。实验生物学报,24：25-31
聂秀菀,王以秀,郑国铝等。1984,百合花粉母细胞间胞间连丝通道的透射与扫描电镜观察。植物学报,26：34-37
王崇英,郑国锠。1987,洋葱雄配子形成过程中染色体数目变化同染色质胞间转移的关系。植物学报,29：：247-252
王新宇,郑国锠。1985,蚕豆花粉母细胞染色体畸变同染色质胞间转移的关系。植物学报,27：141-146
王新宇,郭风劲,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1996,洋葱鳞茎表皮细胞原生质体胞质肌动蛋白微丝骨架的形态和结构。试验生物学报,29：169-177
王新宇,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1991,黑麦小孢子母细胞核基质超微结构观察。电子显微学报,10：238-243
王新宇,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1994,百合、洋葱花粉母细胞核基质的研究。兰州大学学报,30：80-85
王新宇等。1988,胞松素B对黑麦花粉母细胞发育的影响。实验生物学报,21：11-21.
王新宇等。1987,高等植物花粉母细胞内肌动蛋白质的聚丙烯酰胺凝电泳分析。植物学报,29：258-261.
王新宇等。1991,黑麦花粉母细胞的分离与培养及其细胞融合现象的观察。西北植物学报,11：261-265.
王以秀,聂秀菀,郑国锠。1984,胞松素B对百合花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁的影响。植物学通报,2：39-41
王宗清等。1960,葱(Allium fistulosum L)的无丝分裂和核穿壁的研究。植物学报,9：137-146
吴鸿等。1994,油松鳞叶中细胞核穿壁现象的初步研究。西北植物学报,14：259-262
吴素萱。1955,关于植物细胞核的穿壁运动现象的问题。植物学报,4：233-244
吴素萱。1955,植物细胞核穿壁运动现象的初步报告。植物学报,4：91-100
徐涛,聂秀菀,郑国锠。1996,百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移后核重建的过程。中国学术期刊文摘。科技快报,7：111.
徐涛,张晓红,聂秀莞,郑国铝。1997,百合花粉母细胞核骨架的超微结构观察。植物学报,39：11-15
徐涛,1994,兰州大学博士研究生学位论文
薛秀庄等。1991,“阿勃”小麦稳定自交结实系统的创制。作物学报,17：417-422.
阎龙飞等。1963,高等植物中的收缩蛋白。生物化学与生物物理学报。3：490-496.
于晓强,陶绪堂,蒋民华。2008,双光子子荧光显微技术中的探针问题。大学化学(今日化学),23：1-7
袁明,傅缨,王凤等。2002,蓝猪耳受精过程中中央细胞和初生胚乳细胞中微丝骨架的组装和细胞核的迁移。中国科学C辑,32：13-22
翟中和。1996,细胞生物学,高等教育出版社
张伟成,严文梅,娄成后。1985,小麦株心组织中原生质胞间运动机理的探讨。中国科学(B辑),15：529-532
张伟成等。1964,细胞核穿壁运动的问题——对赝象论、真相论的实验分析。植物学报,12：121-133
郑国锠。1955,百合花粉母细胞中染色质在细胞间的转移及核新形成的过程。植物学报,4：223-232
郑国锠,聂秀菀,陈尚文等。1987,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁前后次生胞间连丝形成的研究。实验生物学报,20：1-5
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等。1985,百合花粉母细胞细胞融合期间腺苷三磷酶活性的细胞化学定位及其与染色质间转移的关系。植物学报,21：26-32.
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等。小孢子发生过程中花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移现象与机械损伤和固定液作用的关系.植物学报,1964,12(4)：289-303.
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等,1980,黑麦花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移与染色体数目改变的关系。植物学报,22：216-220
郑国锠,王以秀,杨庆兰等。1975,细胞融合的光学与电子显微镜观察及其与变异和进化的关系探讨。植物学报,17：60-69
郑国锠。1983,从植物进化来看“细胞融合”与染色体畸变进化论选集(纪念达尔文逝世一百周年学术讨论会论文选编)。科学出版社出版,北京,60-67
郑国锠,陈济世,杨庆兰。1959,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁转移现象的机制。兰州大学学报,1：31-37
郑国锠,聂秀菀,杨庆兰等,1973,花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动机理的探讨植物学报,15：53-63
郑国锠,聂秀菀,杨庆兰等。1973,细胞融合在物种起源上的作用.科学通报。15：273-282
郑国锠,王新宇,聂秀菀等。1999,高等植物花粉母细胞间细胞融合现象的研究.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),35：94-102
郑国锠,王耀芝,1956,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁转移现象的普遍性和一致性。植物学报,5：363-376
郑国锠,杨庆兰,郑永人。1982,曼陀罗花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移与染色体数目改变的关系。植物学报,24：103-108
郑国锠,翟中和。染色体结构组织的新概念[A]。细胞生物学进展
郑永人,杨庆兰,于玲,郑国锠。1990,黑麦及B染色体起源的研究。中国科学(B辑),20：701-707
APHOЛBДИ.B.M.1900, Flora oder allgem.bot.Zeitung,87:194.
Abbotto A., Baldini G., Beverina L., Chirico G., Collini M., D'Afonso L., Diaspro A., Magrassi R., Nardo L., Pagani G.A..2005. Dimethyl-pepep:a DNA probe in two-photon excitation cellular imaging. Biophys. Chem.,114:35-41.
Abbotto A., Beverina L., Bozio R., Facchetti A., Ferrante C., Pagani G.A., Pedron D. and Signorini R..2002. Novel heterocycle-based two-photon absorbing dyes. Org. Lett.4:1495-1498.
Albota M., Beljonne D., Bredas J.L., Ehrlich J.E., Fu J.Y., Heikal A.A., Hess S.E., Kogej T., Levin M.D., Marder S.R., McCord-Maughon D., Perry J.W., Rockel H., Rumi M., Subramaniam G., Webb W.W., Wu X.L. and Xu C..1998, Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross sections. Science, 281(5383):1653-1656.
Allain C., Schmidt F., Lartia R., Bordeau G., Fiorini-Debuisschert C., Charra F., Tauc P. and Teulade-Fichou M.P..2007. Vinyl-pyridinium triphenylamines:novel far-red emitters with high photostability and two-photon absorption properties for staining DNA. Chembiochem.8(4):24-33.
Alma R. Morales, Ciceron O. Yanez, Katherine J. Schafer-Hales, Adam I. Marcus, and Kevin D.2009, Belfield Biomolecule Labeling and Imaging with a New Fluorenyl Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe. Bioconjugate Chem.20,1992-2000
Anderson S G.1994, Laser Focus World,30:83-86
Ausabel F.M, Brent R, Kingston RE, et al.1996, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,9(7). New York Wiley & Sons,22-28
Bartholomew G.P., Runi M., Pond S.J.K., Perry J.W., Tretiak S. and Bazan GC..2004. Two-photon absorption in three-dimensional chromophores based on [2.2]-paracyclophane. J. Am. Chem. Soc.126:11529-11542.
Basavaiah, D.et.al.1987, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv (Poaceae).Cytologia,52:69-74.
Beverina L., Fu J., Leclercq A., Zojer E., Pacher P., Barlow S., Van Stryland E.W., Hagan D.J., Bredas J.L., Marder S.R..2005. Two-Photon absorption at Telecommunications Wavelengths in A Dipolar Chromophore with A Pyrrole Auxiliary Donor and Thiazole Auxiliary Acceptor. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127: 7282-7283.
Bhawalkar, J. D., G. S. He and P. N. Prasad.1996, Nonlinear multiphoton processes in organic and polymeric materials. Rep. Prog. Phys.59(9),1041-1070.
Bobak.M etal.1978, Cytomixis as manifetaion of patholooical changes after the application of trfluraline. Nucleus 20:22-25.
Bousso P. and Robey E.A..2004. Dynamic behavior of T cells and thymocytes in lymphoid organs as revealed by two-photon microscopy. Immunity.21(3):349-55
Brauner T, et al.1984, Comparative measurements of membrane potential with micro-electrodes and voltagesensitive dyes.Bioch im Biophys Acta,771:208-216
Brakenhoff G.J, Blom P, Barends P,1979, Confocal scanning light microscopy with high aperture immersion lenses. J Microsc,117:219-232.
Brakenhoff G.J, Vander.Voort H.T.M, Van Spronsen Ea, et al.1988,3-dimensional imaging of biological structures by high resolution confocal scanning laser microscopy, Scan Microsc.2:33-40
Brown.W.V et al.1969, Text Book of Cytology.467-469
C.K.Saraswathy Ammo et al.1990, Radiation induced male sterility in Heavea brasiliensis Cytologia,55:547-551
Cannon J, Armas M,1993, Laser Focus World,29:99-104
Chuang S.J., Kim K.S., Lin T.C., He G.S., Swiatkiewicz J. and Prasad P. N..1999. Cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in multi-branched structures. J. Phys. Chem. B.103:10741-10745.
Cormack B P, Bertram G, Egerton M, et al,1997, Green fluorescent protein (GFP):a marker for gene expression in Canadida albicans. Microbiology,143 (2):303-311
Cormack B P, Valdivia R H, Falkow S,1996, Optimized mutants of the green flourescent protein (GFP), Gene,173 (1):33-38
Cubitt A B, Heim R, Adams S R, et al,1995, Understanding、improving and using green fluorescent proteins. Trends Biochem Sci,20 (11):448-455
David.A.Brummell et al,1997, A membrane-archered E-type endol,4-βglucanase is localised on Golgi and plasma membranes of higer plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci.USA,94:4794-4799.
Davin M S.1989,Confocal scanning optical microscopy and its applications for biological specimens, J Cell Science,94:175-182.
Day P.N., Nguyen K.A. and Paehter R..2005, TDDFT Study of One-and Two-Photon Absorption Properties:Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores. J. Phys. Chem. B.109(5):1803-1814.
De Nettacourt, et al,1964, La Cytogenetique de Lotus (legumins seae) Ⅲ uncas Decytomixis dens un hybride interspecfipue. Cytologia 29:191-195.
De Souza AM, Pagliarin MS.1997, Cytomixis in Brassica napus var oleifera and Brassica carnpestris var oleifera. Cytologia,62:25-291.
De.Framond et al,1983, A new vector strategy for plant genetic engineering. Bio-Technology 1:262-272.
Dedov, V. N., G. C. Cox and B. D. Roufogalis,2001, Visualisation of mitochondria in living neurons with single-and two-photon fluorescence laser microscopy. Micron 32(7),653-660.
Denk W, David W, Watt W.W,1995, Two-photort loecuar excitation in laser scanning microscopy. Handbook of BioLogical Confocal Microscopy, James PawLey Plenum Press New York
Denk W, James P S, Watt W.W, Two-photon Laser Microscopy, United States Patent No:5034,613
Denk W, Strickler J.P, Webb W.W,1990, Two-photon laser Scanning Microscopy, Science,248:73-76
Denk W,1994, Two-photon scanning photochemical microscop:Mapping Agand gatedtion chunnel distributions, Proc NatI Acad Sci USA,91:6629-56
Diaspro A, Annunziata S, Raimondo M, et al,1999, A single-pinhole confocal laser scanning microscope for 3-D imaging of bio-structures. IEEE Eng Med Biol. 18:106-110.
Diaspro, A. M. Robello,2000, Two-photon excitation of fluorescence for three-dimensional optical imaging of biological structures. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B:Biol.55(1),1-8.
Dixon G J,1997, Laser Focus World,33:77-82
Drobizhev M., Katotki A., Kruk M., Mamardashvili N.Zh. and Rebane A..2002. Drastic enhancement of two-photon absorption in porphyrins associated with symmetrical electron-accepting substitution, Chem.Phys.Lett.361:504-512.
Egger M D,1989, The development of confocal microscopy. TINS,12:11.
Ehrlich, J. E., X. L. Wu, L. Y. S. Lee, Z. Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry.1997, Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes. Opt. Lett.22,1843-1845
Fakis, M., J. Polyzos, G. Tsigaridas, J. Parthenios, A. Fragos, V. Giannetas, P. Persephonis and J. Mikroyannidis.2000, Novel class of pyrylium dyes with high efficiency in lasing and two-photon absorption fluorescence. Chem. Phys. Lett. 323,111-116.
Farina K L, et al.1998, Cell motility of tumor cells visualized in living intact primary tumors using green fluorescent protein.Cancer Res.58 (12):2528-2532
Feijo J.A. and Moreno N..2004. Imaging plant cells by two-photon excitation. Protoplasma.223(1):1-32.
Fujita H., Nakano M., Takahata M. and Kizashi Y..2002. A new strategy of enhancing two-photon absorption in conjugated molecules:introduction of charged defects, Chem.Phys.Lett.358:435-441.
Gates R.R 1911, Pollen formation in Oenothera gigas. Ann. Bot.25:909-940.
Gerritsen H. C., Grauw C. J. D.,1999, Microsc. Res. Tech.,47,206
Gottschalk K.W.,1970, Chromosome and nucleus migration during microsporogenesis of Pisum Satioum. Nuecleus,13:1-9.
Grabowski Z.R. and Dobkowski J..1983. Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Excited States:Energy and Molecular Structure. Pure and Appl. Chem. 55(2):245-252.
Grazul Bilska A T, et al.1994,Junctional intercellular communication of bovine cells in vitro:Effects of cAMP. J Anim Sci.1:80-89
Guo GQ, Zheng GC,2004, Hypotheses for the functions of intercellular bridges in male germ cell development and its cellular mechanisms.J Theor Biol 229(1): 139-146.
Hai-xin Xua and Michele C Heaths,1998, Role of Calcium in Signal Transduction during the Hype rsensitive Response Caused by Basidiospore-Derived In Eectionol the Cowpea Rust Fungus, The Plant Ceil,10.585-598
Haugland R P,1996, Handbook of fluorsecent probes and research chemicals.6th edition, USA:Molecular Probes Inc.
Heim R, Cubitt A B, Tsien R Y.1995, Improved green flourescence.Nature,373 (6516):663-664
Helmchen F., Denk W.2005,. Nat. Methods,2(12):932-940
Heng Liu, Guangqin Guo, Yuke He, Yuping lu and Guo-Chang Zheng,2007, Visualization on Intercellular movement of chromatin in intact living anthers of transgenic tobacco expressing histone 2B-CFP Fusion Protein. Caryologia. 60(1):1-20.
Hepter P K,1997, Tip growth in pollen, CaLcium leads the way. Trends Plant Sci. 2:79-80
Huo Xia, Lu Jian-Xun, Yang Ren-Dong, et al.2001, Comparation of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy with light microsopy, Acta Laser Biology Sinica.10(1): 76279
Iilliams.D.A.,1990, Quantitative intracellular calcium imaging with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cell Calcium,11:589-597.
Janes, P. W.; Ley, S. C.; Magee, A. I.1999, Aggregation of lipid rafts accompanies signaling via the T cell antigen receptor. J. Cell. Biol.147,447-461.
John. M. McDowell et al.,1996, Structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabdopsis thaliana The Genetics Socity of America,587-602.
Jonh.M.McDowell et al.1996, The arbidopsis ACT7 Actin Gene is exprsssed in Rapidly develloping tissues and Responds to external Stimli. Plant Physol, 111:699-711.
K. Gaus, E. Gratton, E. P. Kable, A. S. Jones, I. Gelissen, L. Kritharides, W.Jessup, 2003, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100,15554-15559.
Kaiser W, Garret C G B,1961, Phys. Rev. Lett,7:229-231
Kamada K., Ohta K., Iwase Y. and Kondo K..2003. Two-photon absorption property of symmetric substituted diacetylene:drastic enhancement of the cross section near the one-photon absorption peak. Chem. Phys. Lett.372:386-393.
Kannan R., He GS., Lin T-C., Prasad P.N., Vaia R.A. and Tan L-S..2004. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Octupolar Molecules. Chem.Mater. 16:185-194.
Kawata Y, Ueki H, Hashimoto Y, et al,1995, Appl. Opt,34
Kim D.Y., Ahn T.K., Kwon J.H. and Kim D..2005. Large Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) Cross-Section of Directly Linked Fused Diporphyrins. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 109:2996-2999.
Kim H.M., Choo H.J., Jung S.Y., Ko Y.G., Park W.H., Jeon S.J., Kim C.H., Joo T. and Cho B.R..2007. A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Lipid Raft Imaging: C-Laurdan. Chembiochem.8(5):553-559.
Kim H.M., Jeong B.H., Hyon J.Y., An M.J., Seo M.S., Hong J.H., Lee K.J., Kim C.H., Joo T., Hong S.C. and Cho B.R..2008. Two-Photon Fluorescent Turn-On Probe for Lipid Rafts in Live Cell and Tissue. J. Am. Chem. Soc.130(13):4246-4247.
Kim O.K., Lee K.S., Woo H.Y., Kim K.S., He G.S., Swiatkiewicz J. and Prasad P.N.. 2000. New Class of Two-Photon-Absorbing Chromophores Based on Dithienothiophene. Chem. Mater.12(2):284-286.
Kim, H. M.; An, M. J.; Hong, J. H.; Jeong, B. H.; Kwon, O.; Hyon, J. Y.; Hong, S. C.; Lee, K J.; Cho, B. R.2008, Two-photon fluorescent probes for acidic vesicles in live cells and tissue. Angew.Chem. Int. Ed.47,2231-2234.
Klier F.G, Barrett T, Davis R J,1996, Binding zinc Lirtaer protein ZPR1 to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Science,272,797-802
Koge j.T., Beljonne D., Meyers F., Perry J.W., Marder S.R. and Bredas J.L..1998. Mechanisms for enhancement of two-photon absorption in donor-acceptor conjugated chromophores. Chem. Phys. Lett.298:1-6.
Konig. K,2000, Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences. J. Microsc.200(2):83-104.
Konig, K., U. Simon and K. J. Halbhuber.1996,3D resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy of living cells using a modified confocal laser scanning microscope. Cell. Mol. Biol.42,1181-1194.
Kornicke M.1901,Uber Ortsveranderung vin Zelkernen.Sitzgsber, Niedethein, Ges, Nature, Heilk 1-28
Krishna T.R., Parent M., Werts M.H., Moreaux L., Gmouh S., Charpak S., Caminade A-M., Majoral J-P., Blanchard-Desce M..2006. Water-soluble dendrimeric two-photon tracers for in vivo imaging. Angew Chem. Int. Ed 45:4645-4648.
Kuldeep et al.1990, Cytomixis inpollen mother cells of Alopecurm arundinaceus potr. Cytologia,55:196-173.
Kuudu.A.K.1988, Cytomixis in lamiaceae. Cytologia,53:469-474.
Li W, Yang J, Pan YF, Guo GQ, Zheng GC,2003, Chromosome localization of genes that control synchronous development of pollen mother cells in wheat. Caryologia 56(3):275-279..
Liu B, Joshi H.C, Witson T, et.al,1994, Tubuhn in Arsbidopsis:GeDesequence, inmaunobiot and immuno fluorescence studies. The Plant Cell,6:303-314
M.Kinkema et al.1994, Molecular analysis of the myosin gene family in Arabdopsis thaliana.Plant Mole Bio 26:1139-1153.
MacDonald H, Henderson J, Napier R et al,1994, A uthentic processing and targedng of active maize auxin, binding protein in the baculovirus expression system. Plant Physiology,105:1049-1057
Maiti S, Shear J B, Webb W W, et al,1997, Science,275
Malinda K M, and Ettenson C.A,1994, Primary masenchyme cell migration in the aurchin embryo distribution.Dev.Bio,16:562-578
Masters B. R., So P. T. C..2004, Microsc. Res. Tech.63(1):3-11
Mataga N., Okada T., Nasuhara H., Nakashima N..1976. Electronic structure and dynamical behavior of some intramolecular exciplexes. J.Lumin.12:159-168.
Mati S, Sher J B, Williams R M, Zjpe W R,1992,Measuring serotonin distribution in live cell with two-photon excitation. Science,275:530-532
Micbael Knoblache and Aart J E,1998, Sieve Tubes in Action, The Plant Cell,10: 35-50
Miehe,H.1901. Uber die Wanderung desp Flanzhichen.Zelkernes. Flora,88:105-142.
Mineyuki Y, Lids H, Anraku Y,1994, Loss of microtubules in the interphase cells of onion Root tips from the cell ftex and their appearance the cytoplasm citer treat cyclohexaande. Plant Physi,104:281-284
Mints A, Kao J PY, Tslen R Y,1989, Fluorescence indicators for eytosohec Mcium based on rhodanfine and fluorescein chromophoes. J. Biol. Chem,26:8271-8278
Miyawaki A, Llopis J, Heim R, et al,1994, Proc Nati Acad Sci USA,91 (26): 12501-12504
Morisset P.,1978, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Ononis (Legum inosa), CanJ.Cent and Cyto,20:283-288.
Narain,N.1928. Some cytological observations in Tricyrtis,Sagittaria and Lilum. Tokyo.Bot.Mag.42:33-36.
Nitsch R., Pohl E. E., Smorodchenko A., et al.,,2004, J. Neurosci.24,2458
Ohkuma S, et al.1982, Identification and characterization of a proton pump on lysosomes by fluorescein is othiocyanate-dextran fluorescence. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA,79 (5):2758-2762
Ohta,J.1958, Experimental studies on the protoplamic streaming in the Myxomycetes Plasmodium III.The effects of amino acids and some chelating substances on the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming. Cytologia,23:232-238.
Omara,M.K.1976, Cytomixis in Lolium perenne. Chromosoma 55:267-271.
Orynkiewicz G., Poenic M.,Islen R. Y,1985, A generation Of Ca+indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem.260:3440-3450
Paddock SW,1999, Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biotechniques,27 (5):992-996
Paddock SW,2000, Principle and practices of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Mol Biotechnol,16(2); 127-149.
Pan, Y. F., Wang, X. Y. and Zheng, G. C. (Cheng, K. C),2002, The arrangement of microtrabecular network during chromatin migration process and immunolocalization of actin and myosin in pollen mother cells of David lily. Caryologia 55,215-225.
Parthenopolous D A, Rentzepis P M.1989, Science,245:848
Peachey. D. Ishikawa H., Murakami T.,1996. Correlated confocal and internted late voltage electron microscopy imaging, The flle cells using sequentiz fluorescence lobeling fixation and critical poin dehydration. Scanning Microscopy Supplement.1:237-247
Pease A. C. et al 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.5022-5026
Randin D. J. Shaw P. J..1990, Three-dimensional organisadonof ribosomal DNA in interphssel of Pisum,by in situ hybridization and optical tomography Chromosoma (Bed) 99:143-151
Rawhns D. J, Highett M. T. Shaw P. J,1991, Localization of telomeres in plant interphase by in situ hybridisadon and 3D Confocal Microscopy Chromosoma.100:424-431
Reid B G, Flynn G C.1997, Chromophore formed in green fluorescent protein. Biochemistry,36 (22):6786-6791
Reinhardt, B. A., L. L. Brott, S. J. Clarson, A. G. Dillard, J. C. Bhatt, R. Kannan, L. Yuan, G. S. He and P. N. Prasad.1998, Highly active twophoton dyes:design, synthesis, and characterization toward application. Chem. Mater.10(7),1863-1874.
Ren Hong, Liu Yong-sheng. Xun Jing,1998, Observation of Rice Embryo Development with Confocal Laser Ccanning Microscopy Acts Botch,4019: 786-789
Rijkers GT, et al,1990, Improved method for measuring intracellular Ca2+with fluo-3. Cytometry,11:923-928
Roberts D M, and harmon,1992, A Calcium mcdutatnd proteins Targets of intracellular calcium signals in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physi 43:375-414
Schutze K, Maniotis A, Schliwa M,1991, The position of microtubule organ in directionsIIy migrating fibrobtasts depends On the atureol the absratunl. Proc. Nati.Acad. Sci. USA,88:8367-8371
Sears, E.R.1953, The American Naturalist.245-252.
Shens S, Buck WR,1993, Sources of calcium in urcbin eggs during therertrization response. J. Dev. Biol,157:157-169
Shimada K, Takahashi M, Ikeda M,1995, Tanzawa identification and characterization of two soornls of an endothelin-converting enzymel,FEBS letters,371:140-144
Shurong Huang et al,1996, The Arabidopsis Proflin gene family-Evidence for anancient split between constitutive and pollen specific proflin genes. Plant Phyiol, 111:115-126.
Shurong Huang et al,1997, The Arabidopsis ACT11atin gene is strongly expressed in tissues of the emerging inflorescene pollen and development ovules. Plant Molecular Biology,33:125-139.
Shurong Huang et al.1996, The Arabidopsis thaliana ACT4/ACT12 actin gene Subclass is strongly expressed throuout pollen development. The Plant Journal, 10(2):189-202.
Silva A.P.D., Gunaratne H.Q.N., Gunnlaugsson T., Huxley A.J.M., McCoy CP., Rademacher J.T. and Rice T.E..1997. Signaling Recognition Events with Fluorescent Sensors and Switches. Chem. Rev.97(5):1515-1566.
Singhal VK, Kumar P.,2008, Impact of cytomixis on meiosis, pollen viability and pollen size in wild populations of Himalayan poppy (Meconopsis aculeata Royle). Biosci.; 33(3):371-80.
So P. T. C., C. Y. Dong, B. R. Master and K. M. Berland.,2000, Twophoton excitation fluorescence microscopy. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.2,399-429.
Soliman,A.Haroun.1995, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of polygonum tomen to sum shrank. Cytologia,60:257-260.
Soller C, Cannell M B.1996, Eur. J. Physics,432:555-561
Sonnleitner, M., G. J. Schutz and T. H. Schmidt,1999, Imaging individual molecules by two-photon excitation. Chem. Phys. Lett.300,221-226.
Squirrell J. M., Wokosin D. L., White J. G., et al.,1999, Nat. Biotechnol.,17,763
Stelzer E H K, Lindek S, Albrecht S, et al.1995, A new tool for the observation of embryos and other large specimens:confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc,179:1-10.
Stephen P A, et al.1993. Natue,354; 555-556
Strickler J H, Webb W W,1991, Optics Letters,16:1780
Svoboda K, Denk W, Kleinfeld D, et al.1997, Nature,385
T.A.Soman et al.1993, Temperature sensitive cytomixis in Helicanthes elastica(Desr.) Dans(Loranthacede). Cytologia,58:21-26.
Takats, S.T 1959.Chromatin extruion and DNA transfer during microsporogenesis. Chromosoma,10:430-453.
Tamotsu S, et al.1997, Three-dimensional reconstruction of serotonin-immuno reactive photo receptors in the pineal organ of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Biol Signals,6 (4-6):184-190
The Handbooks-A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Techonologies,10th ed.; Haugland, R. P. Ed.; Molecular Probes:Eungene, OR,2005.
Tsien R Y.1998, The green fluorescent protein. Annu Rev Biochem,67:509-544
Van Orden, A., H. Cai, P. M. Goodwin and R. A. Keller,1999, Efficient detection of single DNA fragments in flowing sample streams by two-photon fluorescence excitation. Anal. Chem.71,2108-2116
Wade MH, et al.1992, Fluorescence Quantification in living cells.Biomed Tech.,87: 43-48
Wang Chun-Mei, Huang Xiao-feng, et al.1997, The Principle of Laser Confocal Scanning Microscpe and Its Application in Medical Research. Journal of the Fourth Military Medical University.18:59-82
Wang X Y, Guo G Q, N ie SW, et al.1998, Cytochem ical localizat ion of cellulase act ivity inpo lien mo thercells of David lily during meio t ic I and its relat ion to secondary fo rmat ion of p lasmodesmata. Protoplasma,204 (3-4):128-138.
Wang, H. Z., H. Lei, Z. C. Wei, F. L. Zhao, X. G. Zheng, N. S. Hu, X. M. Wang, Y. Ren, Y. P. Tian, Q. Fang and M. H. Jiang,2000, Spectral properties and effective upconverted lasing of new organic molecules. Chem. Phys. Lett.324,349-353.
Wang, X. Y, Nie, X. W., Guo, G Q., and Zheng G. C.,2002, Ultrastructural characterization of the process of cytoplasmic channel formation between pollen mother cells of David lily.Caryologia 55,161-169.
Wang, X. Y, Yu, C. H., Li, X., Wang C. Y, and Zheng G. C.2004,Ultrastructural aspects and possible origin of cytoplasmic channels providing intercellular connection in vegetative tissues of anthers. Russ. J. Plant Physiol.51,97-106.
Wang, X., H. E. Pudavar, R. Kapoor, L. J. Krebs, E. J. Bergey, C. Liebow, P. N. Prasad, A. A. Nagy and A. V. Schally,2001, Studies on the mechanism of action of a targeted chemotherapeutic drug in living cancer cells by two photon laser scanning microspectrofluorometry. J. Biomed. Opt.6(3),319-325.
Wang, X., L. J. Krebs, M. Al-Nuri, H. E. Pudavar, S. Ghosal, C. Liebow, A. A. Nagy, A. V. Schally and P. N. Prasad,1999, A chemically labeled cytotoxic agent: two-photon fluorophore for optical tracking of cellular pathway in chemotherapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (Chem.) 96,11081-11084.
White JG, Amos WB.1987, Confocal microscopy comes of age. Nature,328 (6126): 183-184.
Wilson T, Tan J B.1993, Three-dimensional image reconstruction in conventional and confocal microscopes. Bioimaging,1:176-184
Wilson T,1989, Three-dimensional imaging in confocal systems.J Microsci,153: 161-169.
Wokosia D.J, Wemonze V E, Crittenden S, White J G,1982,Three photon excitation fluorescence imaging of bio-Logical specimens using Yguerabide Lateral mobility in membranes as detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biophys J.,39:69-75.
Woo H.Y., Hong J.W., Liu B., Mikhailovsky A., Korystov D. and Bazan G.C..2005. Water-soluble [2.2] paracyclophane chromophores with large two-photon action cross sections. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127:820-821.
Wu, L.-Z., X.-J. Tang, M.-H. Jiang and C.-H.Tung,1999, Two-photon induced fluorescence of novel dyes. Chem. Phys. Lett.315,379-382.
Xia A D. Wada S. Tashiro H.1998, Appl. Phys. Lett.,73
Xu C. and Webb W.W.1996, Measurement of two-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.13: 481-491.
Xu C., Zipfel W., Shear J.B., Williams R.M., and Webb W.W..1996. Multiphoton fluorescence excitation:new spectral windows for biological nonlinear microscopy. PNAS.93:10763-10768.
Yang F.,Moss L G.,Philips GN.,1996, The molecular structure of green fluorescent protein. Nat Biotechnol,14 (10):1246-1251
Yang J-X., Tao X-T., Yuan C.X., Yan Y.X., Wang L., Liu Z., Ren Y., and Jiang M. H..2005. A Facile Synthesis and Properties of Multicarbazole Molecules Containing Multiple Vinylene Bridges. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127:3278-3279.
Yang T T, Cheng L, Kain S R.1996, Optimized codon usage and chromophore mutations provide enhanced sensitivity with the green fluorescent protein. Nucleic Acids Res.24 (22):4592-4593
Yang W.J., Kim C.H., Jeong M.Y., Lee S.K., Piao M.J., Jeon S.J. and Cho B.R.2004. Synthesis and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of 9,10-Bis-(arylethynyl)-anthracene Derivatives. Chem. Mater.16(14):2783-2789.
Yao S., Belfield K.D.,2005. Synthesis of Two-Photon Absorbing Unsymmetrical Branched Chromophores through Direct Tris(bromomethylation) of Fluorene. J. Org. Chem.70(3):5126—5132.
Yguerabide J, et al.1982, Lateral mobility in membranes as detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biophys J,39:69-75
Yong_Qing An, et al.1996, Strong constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis ACT2/ ACT8 actin subclass in vegetative tissues.The plant Journal,10(1):107-121.
Yong_Qing An, et al.1996, Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT3 actin subclass in organ prmordia and mature pollen. The Plant Cell,8:15-30.
Zee S. Y.1992, Confocal laser scanning microscopy of miermuhule organizational changes in isolated generative cells of A Llemanda aeriifolia durlag mitosis. Sex Plant Reprod,5:182
Zhang C., Dalton LR., Oh M-C., Zhang H. and Steier W.H..2001. Low Vπ Electrooptic Modulators from CLD-1:Chromophore Design and Synthesis, Material Processing, and Characterization.Chem. Mater.,13 (9):3043-3050.
Zhang.W.C, et al.1990, Inter cellular movement of protoplsam in vivo in developing endosperm of wheet caryopses. Protoplasma,153:193-203.
Zheng G C, Yang Q L, Zheng Y R.1987, The relat ionsh ip betw een cytom ixis, ch romo some mutat ion andkazyo type evo lut ion m lily. Caryologia,40 (3):243-259.
Zimprich F,Ashworth R,Bolsover S.1998, Real-time measurements of calcium dynamics in neurons developing in situ within zebrafish embryos.Pflugers Arch, 436:489-493.
Zojer E., Beljonne D., Pacher P. and Bredas J.L..2004. Two-photon absorption in quadrupolar π-conjugated molecules:Influence of the nature of the conjugated bridge and the donor-acceptor separation. Chem. Eur. J.10:2668-2680.
郭光沁,郑国锠。1998,绿色荧光蛋白在活体细胞分子生物学研究中的应用。世界科技研究与发展,20,70-75
李宪章,邵莉楣,殷蔚薏,娄成后。1985,利用DAPI荧光染料对核穿壁在高等植物中分布的初步检查。植物学报,27：614-617
李振声。1982,蓝粒单体小麦研究(一)。遗传学报,9：431-438.
刘恒,2003,Cytomixis活体研究体系的建立以及用双光子显微镜对烟草花药细胞中cytomixis的初步活体观察。兰州大学博士论文
刘鑫,刘恒,贾鹏飞,张波,王军杰,赵宁,张元红,于晓强。2009,一种新型的用于细胞核成像的双光子荧光探针。高等学校化学学报,30：465-467
刘志学,1996,几种远缘植物细胞共培养中细胞连接形成及植株再生的研究。兰州大学博士论文.
娄成后。1955,植物体中原生质体的连续性。植物学报,4：183-222
娄成后,吴素萱,张伟成,邵莉梅。1956,大蒜原生质的细胞间运动与有机物的运输。植物学报,5：345-362。
娄成后,邵莉楣,段静霞。1973,高等植物衰老叶片中原生质体的撤退现象以及原生质流动在有机物运输中可能具有的作用。植物学报,15：204-220
娄成后,吴素萱,张伟成。1962高等植物中原生质在细胞间运动的活体观察。科学通报,90：52-54
聂秀莞,王新宇,陈绍文,郑国铝。1991,百合花粉母细胞腺苷三磷酸酶反应产物的X-射线微区分析。实验生物学报,24：25-31
聂秀菀,王以秀,郑国铝等。1984,百合花粉母细胞间胞间连丝通道的透射与扫描电镜观察。植物学报,26：34-37
王崇英,郑国锠。1987,洋葱雄配子形成过程中染色体数目变化同染色质胞间转移的关系。植物学报,29：：247-252
王新宇,郑国锠。1985,蚕豆花粉母细胞染色体畸变同染色质胞间转移的关系。植物学报,27：141-146
王新宇,郭风劲,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1996,洋葱鳞茎表皮细胞原生质体胞质肌动蛋白微丝骨架的形态和结构。试验生物学报,29：169-177
王新宇,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1991,黑麦小孢子母细胞核基质超微结构观察。电子显微学报,10：238-243
王新宇,聂秀莞,郑国锠。1994,百合、洋葱花粉母细胞核基质的研究。兰州大学学报,30：80-85
王新宇等。1988,胞松素B对黑麦花粉母细胞发育的影响。实验生物学报,21：11-21.
王新宇等。1987,高等植物花粉母细胞内肌动蛋白质的聚丙烯酰胺凝电泳分析。植物学报,29：258-261.
王新宇等。1991,黑麦花粉母细胞的分离与培养及其细胞融合现象的观察。西北植物学报,11：261-265.
王以秀,聂秀菀,郑国锠。1984,胞松素B对百合花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁的影响。植物学通报,2：39-41
王宗清等。1960,葱(Allium fistulosum L)的无丝分裂和核穿壁的研究。植物学报,9：137-146
吴鸿等。1994,油松鳞叶中细胞核穿壁现象的初步研究。西北植物学报,14：259-262
吴素萱。1955,关于植物细胞核的穿壁运动现象的问题。植物学报,4：233-244
吴素萱。1955,植物细胞核穿壁运动现象的初步报告。植物学报,4：91-100
徐涛,聂秀菀,郑国锠。1996,百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移后核重建的过程。中国学术期刊文摘。科技快报,7：111.
徐涛,张晓红,聂秀莞,郑国铝。1997,百合花粉母细胞核骨架的超微结构观察。植物学报,39：11-15
徐涛,1994,兰州大学博士研究生学位论文
薛秀庄等。1991,“阿勃”小麦稳定自交结实系统的创制。作物学报,17：417-422.
阎龙飞等。1963,高等植物中的收缩蛋白。生物化学与生物物理学报。3：490-496.
于晓强,陶绪堂,蒋民华。2008,双光子子荧光显微技术中的探针问题。大学化学(今日化学),23：1-7
袁明,傅缨,王凤等。2002,蓝猪耳受精过程中中央细胞和初生胚乳细胞中微丝骨架的组装和细胞核的迁移。中国科学C辑,32：13-22
翟中和。1996,细胞生物学,高等教育出版社
张伟成,严文梅,娄成后。1985,小麦株心组织中原生质胞间运动机理的探讨。中国科学(B辑),15：529-532
张伟成等。1964,细胞核穿壁运动的问题——对赝象论、真相论的实验分析。植物学报,12：121-133
郑国锠。1955,百合花粉母细胞中染色质在细胞间的转移及核新形成的过程。植物学报,4：223-232
郑国锠,聂秀菀,陈尚文等。1987,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁前后次生胞间连丝形成的研究。实验生物学报,20：1-5
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等。1985,百合花粉母细胞细胞融合期间腺苷三磷酶活性的细胞化学定位及其与染色质间转移的关系。植物学报,21：26-32.
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等。小孢子发生过程中花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移现象与机械损伤和固定液作用的关系.植物学报,1964,12(4)：289-303.
郑国锠,聂秀菀,王以秀等,1980,黑麦花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移与染色体数目改变的关系。植物学报,22：216-220
郑国锠,王以秀,杨庆兰等。1975,细胞融合的光学与电子显微镜观察及其与变异和进化的关系探讨。植物学报,17：60-69
郑国锠。1983,从植物进化来看“细胞融合”与染色体畸变进化论选集(纪念达尔文逝世一百周年学术讨论会论文选编)。科学出版社出版,北京,60-67
郑国锠,陈济世,杨庆兰。1959,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁转移现象的机制。兰州大学学报,1：31-37
郑国锠,聂秀菀,杨庆兰等,1973,花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动机理的探讨植物学报,15：53-63
郑国锠,聂秀菀,杨庆兰等。1973,细胞融合在物种起源上的作用.科学通报。15：273-282
郑国锠,王新宇,聂秀菀等。1999,高等植物花粉母细胞间细胞融合现象的研究.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),35：94-102
郑国锠,王耀芝,1956,花粉母细胞中染色质穿壁转移现象的普遍性和一致性。植物学报,5：363-376
郑国锠,杨庆兰,郑永人。1982,曼陀罗花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁转移与染色体数目改变的关系。植物学报,24：103-108
郑国锠,翟中和。染色体结构组织的新概念[A]。细胞生物学进展
郑永人,杨庆兰,于玲,郑国锠。1990,黑麦及B染色体起源的研究。中国科学(B辑),20：701-707
APHOЛBДИ.B.M.1900, Flora oder allgem.bot.Zeitung,87:194.
Abbotto A., Baldini G., Beverina L., Chirico G., Collini M., D'Afonso L., Diaspro A., Magrassi R., Nardo L., Pagani G.A..2005. Dimethyl-pepep:a DNA probe in two-photon excitation cellular imaging. Biophys. Chem.,114:35-41.
Abbotto A., Beverina L., Bozio R., Facchetti A., Ferrante C., Pagani G.A., Pedron D. and Signorini R..2002. Novel heterocycle-based two-photon absorbing dyes. Org. Lett.4:1495-1498.
Albota M., Beljonne D., Bredas J.L., Ehrlich J.E., Fu J.Y., Heikal A.A., Hess S.E., Kogej T., Levin M.D., Marder S.R., McCord-Maughon D., Perry J.W., Rockel H., Rumi M., Subramaniam G., Webb W.W., Wu X.L. and Xu C..1998, Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross sections. Science, 281(5383):1653-1656.
Allain C., Schmidt F., Lartia R., Bordeau G., Fiorini-Debuisschert C., Charra F., Tauc P. and Teulade-Fichou M.P..2007. Vinyl-pyridinium triphenylamines:novel far-red emitters with high photostability and two-photon absorption properties for staining DNA. Chembiochem.8(4):24-33.
Alma R. Morales, Ciceron O. Yanez, Katherine J. Schafer-Hales, Adam I. Marcus, and Kevin D.2009, Belfield Biomolecule Labeling and Imaging with a New Fluorenyl Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe. Bioconjugate Chem.20,1992-2000
Anderson S G.1994, Laser Focus World,30:83-86
Ausabel F.M, Brent R, Kingston RE, et al.1996, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,9(7). New York Wiley & Sons,22-28
Bartholomew G.P., Runi M., Pond S.J.K., Perry J.W., Tretiak S. and Bazan GC..2004. Two-photon absorption in three-dimensional chromophores based on [2.2]-paracyclophane. J. Am. Chem. Soc.126:11529-11542.
Basavaiah, D.et.al.1987, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv (Poaceae).Cytologia,52:69-74.
Beverina L., Fu J., Leclercq A., Zojer E., Pacher P., Barlow S., Van Stryland E.W., Hagan D.J., Bredas J.L., Marder S.R..2005. Two-Photon absorption at Telecommunications Wavelengths in A Dipolar Chromophore with A Pyrrole Auxiliary Donor and Thiazole Auxiliary Acceptor. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127: 7282-7283.
Bhawalkar, J. D., G. S. He and P. N. Prasad.1996, Nonlinear multiphoton processes in organic and polymeric materials. Rep. Prog. Phys.59(9),1041-1070.
Bobak.M etal.1978, Cytomixis as manifetaion of patholooical changes after the application of trfluraline. Nucleus 20:22-25.
Bousso P. and Robey E.A..2004. Dynamic behavior of T cells and thymocytes in lymphoid organs as revealed by two-photon microscopy. Immunity.21(3):349-55
Brauner T, et al.1984, Comparative measurements of membrane potential with micro-electrodes and voltagesensitive dyes.Bioch im Biophys Acta,771:208-216
Brakenhoff G.J, Blom P, Barends P,1979, Confocal scanning light microscopy with high aperture immersion lenses. J Microsc,117:219-232.
Brakenhoff G.J, Vander.Voort H.T.M, Van Spronsen Ea, et al.1988,3-dimensional imaging of biological structures by high resolution confocal scanning laser microscopy, Scan Microsc.2:33-40
Brown.W.V et al.1969, Text Book of Cytology.467-469
C.K.Saraswathy Ammo et al.1990, Radiation induced male sterility in Heavea brasiliensis Cytologia,55:547-551
Cannon J, Armas M,1993, Laser Focus World,29:99-104
Chuang S.J., Kim K.S., Lin T.C., He G.S., Swiatkiewicz J. and Prasad P. N..1999. Cooperative enhancement of two-photon absorption in multi-branched structures. J. Phys. Chem. B.103:10741-10745.
Cormack B P, Bertram G, Egerton M, et al,1997, Green fluorescent protein (GFP):a marker for gene expression in Canadida albicans. Microbiology,143 (2):303-311
Cormack B P, Valdivia R H, Falkow S,1996, Optimized mutants of the green flourescent protein (GFP), Gene,173 (1):33-38
Cubitt A B, Heim R, Adams S R, et al,1995, Understanding、improving and using green fluorescent proteins. Trends Biochem Sci,20 (11):448-455
David.A.Brummell et al,1997, A membrane-archered E-type endol,4-βglucanase is localised on Golgi and plasma membranes of higer plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci.USA,94:4794-4799.
Davin M S.1989,Confocal scanning optical microscopy and its applications for biological specimens, J Cell Science,94:175-182.
Day P.N., Nguyen K.A. and Paehter R..2005, TDDFT Study of One-and Two-Photon Absorption Properties:Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores. J. Phys. Chem. B.109(5):1803-1814.
De Nettacourt, et al,1964, La Cytogenetique de Lotus (legumins seae) Ⅲ uncas Decytomixis dens un hybride interspecfipue. Cytologia 29:191-195.
De Souza AM, Pagliarin MS.1997, Cytomixis in Brassica napus var oleifera and Brassica carnpestris var oleifera. Cytologia,62:25-291.
De.Framond et al,1983, A new vector strategy for plant genetic engineering. Bio-Technology 1:262-272.
Dedov, V. N., G. C. Cox and B. D. Roufogalis,2001, Visualisation of mitochondria in living neurons with single-and two-photon fluorescence laser microscopy. Micron 32(7),653-660.
Denk W, David W, Watt W.W,1995, Two-photort loecuar excitation in laser scanning microscopy. Handbook of BioLogical Confocal Microscopy, James PawLey Plenum Press New York
Denk W, James P S, Watt W.W, Two-photon Laser Microscopy, United States Patent No:5034,613
Denk W, Strickler J.P, Webb W.W,1990, Two-photon laser Scanning Microscopy, Science,248:73-76
Denk W,1994, Two-photon scanning photochemical microscop:Mapping Agand gatedtion chunnel distributions, Proc NatI Acad Sci USA,91:6629-56
Diaspro A, Annunziata S, Raimondo M, et al,1999, A single-pinhole confocal laser scanning microscope for 3-D imaging of bio-structures. IEEE Eng Med Biol. 18:106-110.
Diaspro, A. M. Robello,2000, Two-photon excitation of fluorescence for three-dimensional optical imaging of biological structures. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B:Biol.55(1),1-8.
Dixon G J,1997, Laser Focus World,33:77-82
Drobizhev M., Katotki A., Kruk M., Mamardashvili N.Zh. and Rebane A..2002. Drastic enhancement of two-photon absorption in porphyrins associated with symmetrical electron-accepting substitution, Chem.Phys.Lett.361:504-512.
Egger M D,1989, The development of confocal microscopy. TINS,12:11.
Ehrlich, J. E., X. L. Wu, L. Y. S. Lee, Z. Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder and J. W. Perry.1997, Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes. Opt. Lett.22,1843-1845
Fakis, M., J. Polyzos, G. Tsigaridas, J. Parthenios, A. Fragos, V. Giannetas, P. Persephonis and J. Mikroyannidis.2000, Novel class of pyrylium dyes with high efficiency in lasing and two-photon absorption fluorescence. Chem. Phys. Lett. 323,111-116.
Farina K L, et al.1998, Cell motility of tumor cells visualized in living intact primary tumors using green fluorescent protein.Cancer Res.58 (12):2528-2532
Feijo J.A. and Moreno N..2004. Imaging plant cells by two-photon excitation. Protoplasma.223(1):1-32.
Fujita H., Nakano M., Takahata M. and Kizashi Y..2002. A new strategy of enhancing two-photon absorption in conjugated molecules:introduction of charged defects, Chem.Phys.Lett.358:435-441.
Gates R.R 1911, Pollen formation in Oenothera gigas. Ann. Bot.25:909-940.
Gerritsen H. C., Grauw C. J. D.,1999, Microsc. Res. Tech.,47,206
Gottschalk K.W.,1970, Chromosome and nucleus migration during microsporogenesis of Pisum Satioum. Nuecleus,13:1-9.
Grabowski Z.R. and Dobkowski J..1983. Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Excited States:Energy and Molecular Structure. Pure and Appl. Chem. 55(2):245-252.
Grazul Bilska A T, et al.1994,Junctional intercellular communication of bovine cells in vitro:Effects of cAMP. J Anim Sci.1:80-89
Guo GQ, Zheng GC,2004, Hypotheses for the functions of intercellular bridges in male germ cell development and its cellular mechanisms.J Theor Biol 229(1): 139-146.
Hai-xin Xua and Michele C Heaths,1998, Role of Calcium in Signal Transduction during the Hype rsensitive Response Caused by Basidiospore-Derived In Eectionol the Cowpea Rust Fungus, The Plant Ceil,10.585-598
Haugland R P,1996, Handbook of fluorsecent probes and research chemicals.6th edition, USA:Molecular Probes Inc.
Heim R, Cubitt A B, Tsien R Y.1995, Improved green flourescence.Nature,373 (6516):663-664
Helmchen F., Denk W.2005,. Nat. Methods,2(12):932-940
Heng Liu, Guangqin Guo, Yuke He, Yuping lu and Guo-Chang Zheng,2007, Visualization on Intercellular movement of chromatin in intact living anthers of transgenic tobacco expressing histone 2B-CFP Fusion Protein. Caryologia. 60(1):1-20.
Hepter P K,1997, Tip growth in pollen, CaLcium leads the way. Trends Plant Sci. 2:79-80
Huo Xia, Lu Jian-Xun, Yang Ren-Dong, et al.2001, Comparation of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy with light microsopy, Acta Laser Biology Sinica.10(1): 76279
Iilliams.D.A.,1990, Quantitative intracellular calcium imaging with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cell Calcium,11:589-597.
Janes, P. W.; Ley, S. C.; Magee, A. I.1999, Aggregation of lipid rafts accompanies signaling via the T cell antigen receptor. J. Cell. Biol.147,447-461.
John. M. McDowell et al.,1996, Structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabdopsis thaliana The Genetics Socity of America,587-602.
Jonh.M.McDowell et al.1996, The arbidopsis ACT7 Actin Gene is exprsssed in Rapidly develloping tissues and Responds to external Stimli. Plant Physol, 111:699-711.
K. Gaus, E. Gratton, E. P. Kable, A. S. Jones, I. Gelissen, L. Kritharides, W.Jessup, 2003, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100,15554-15559.
Kaiser W, Garret C G B,1961, Phys. Rev. Lett,7:229-231
Kamada K., Ohta K., Iwase Y. and Kondo K..2003. Two-photon absorption property of symmetric substituted diacetylene:drastic enhancement of the cross section near the one-photon absorption peak. Chem. Phys. Lett.372:386-393.
Kannan R., He GS., Lin T-C., Prasad P.N., Vaia R.A. and Tan L-S..2004. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Octupolar Molecules. Chem.Mater. 16:185-194.
Kawata Y, Ueki H, Hashimoto Y, et al,1995, Appl. Opt,34
Kim D.Y., Ahn T.K., Kwon J.H. and Kim D..2005. Large Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) Cross-Section of Directly Linked Fused Diporphyrins. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 109:2996-2999.
Kim H.M., Choo H.J., Jung S.Y., Ko Y.G., Park W.H., Jeon S.J., Kim C.H., Joo T. and Cho B.R..2007. A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Lipid Raft Imaging: C-Laurdan. Chembiochem.8(5):553-559.
Kim H.M., Jeong B.H., Hyon J.Y., An M.J., Seo M.S., Hong J.H., Lee K.J., Kim C.H., Joo T., Hong S.C. and Cho B.R..2008. Two-Photon Fluorescent Turn-On Probe for Lipid Rafts in Live Cell and Tissue. J. Am. Chem. Soc.130(13):4246-4247.
Kim O.K., Lee K.S., Woo H.Y., Kim K.S., He G.S., Swiatkiewicz J. and Prasad P.N.. 2000. New Class of Two-Photon-Absorbing Chromophores Based on Dithienothiophene. Chem. Mater.12(2):284-286.
Kim, H. M.; An, M. J.; Hong, J. H.; Jeong, B. H.; Kwon, O.; Hyon, J. Y.; Hong, S. C.; Lee, K J.; Cho, B. R.2008, Two-photon fluorescent probes for acidic vesicles in live cells and tissue. Angew.Chem. Int. Ed.47,2231-2234.
Klier F.G, Barrett T, Davis R J,1996, Binding zinc Lirtaer protein ZPR1 to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Science,272,797-802
Koge j.T., Beljonne D., Meyers F., Perry J.W., Marder S.R. and Bredas J.L..1998. Mechanisms for enhancement of two-photon absorption in donor-acceptor conjugated chromophores. Chem. Phys. Lett.298:1-6.
Konig. K,2000, Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences. J. Microsc.200(2):83-104.
Konig, K., U. Simon and K. J. Halbhuber.1996,3D resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy of living cells using a modified confocal laser scanning microscope. Cell. Mol. Biol.42,1181-1194.
Kornicke M.1901,Uber Ortsveranderung vin Zelkernen.Sitzgsber, Niedethein, Ges, Nature, Heilk 1-28
Krishna T.R., Parent M., Werts M.H., Moreaux L., Gmouh S., Charpak S., Caminade A-M., Majoral J-P., Blanchard-Desce M..2006. Water-soluble dendrimeric two-photon tracers for in vivo imaging. Angew Chem. Int. Ed 45:4645-4648.
Kuldeep et al.1990, Cytomixis inpollen mother cells of Alopecurm arundinaceus potr. Cytologia,55:196-173.
Kuudu.A.K.1988, Cytomixis in lamiaceae. Cytologia,53:469-474.
Li W, Yang J, Pan YF, Guo GQ, Zheng GC,2003, Chromosome localization of genes that control synchronous development of pollen mother cells in wheat. Caryologia 56(3):275-279..
Liu B, Joshi H.C, Witson T, et.al,1994, Tubuhn in Arsbidopsis:GeDesequence, inmaunobiot and immuno fluorescence studies. The Plant Cell,6:303-314
M.Kinkema et al.1994, Molecular analysis of the myosin gene family in Arabdopsis thaliana.Plant Mole Bio 26:1139-1153.
MacDonald H, Henderson J, Napier R et al,1994, A uthentic processing and targedng of active maize auxin, binding protein in the baculovirus expression system. Plant Physiology,105:1049-1057
Maiti S, Shear J B, Webb W W, et al,1997, Science,275
Malinda K M, and Ettenson C.A,1994, Primary masenchyme cell migration in the aurchin embryo distribution.Dev.Bio,16:562-578
Masters B. R., So P. T. C..2004, Microsc. Res. Tech.63(1):3-11
Mataga N., Okada T., Nasuhara H., Nakashima N..1976. Electronic structure and dynamical behavior of some intramolecular exciplexes. J.Lumin.12:159-168.
Mati S, Sher J B, Williams R M, Zjpe W R,1992,Measuring serotonin distribution in live cell with two-photon excitation. Science,275:530-532
Micbael Knoblache and Aart J E,1998, Sieve Tubes in Action, The Plant Cell,10: 35-50
Miehe,H.1901. Uber die Wanderung desp Flanzhichen.Zelkernes. Flora,88:105-142.
Mineyuki Y, Lids H, Anraku Y,1994, Loss of microtubules in the interphase cells of onion Root tips from the cell ftex and their appearance the cytoplasm citer treat cyclohexaande. Plant Physi,104:281-284
Mints A, Kao J PY, Tslen R Y,1989, Fluorescence indicators for eytosohec Mcium based on rhodanfine and fluorescein chromophoes. J. Biol. Chem,26:8271-8278
Miyawaki A, Llopis J, Heim R, et al,1994, Proc Nati Acad Sci USA,91 (26): 12501-12504
Morisset P.,1978, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Ononis (Legum inosa), CanJ.Cent and Cyto,20:283-288.
Narain,N.1928. Some cytological observations in Tricyrtis,Sagittaria and Lilum. Tokyo.Bot.Mag.42:33-36.
Nitsch R., Pohl E. E., Smorodchenko A., et al.,,2004, J. Neurosci.24,2458
Ohkuma S, et al.1982, Identification and characterization of a proton pump on lysosomes by fluorescein is othiocyanate-dextran fluorescence. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA,79 (5):2758-2762
Ohta,J.1958, Experimental studies on the protoplamic streaming in the Myxomycetes Plasmodium III.The effects of amino acids and some chelating substances on the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming. Cytologia,23:232-238.
Omara,M.K.1976, Cytomixis in Lolium perenne. Chromosoma 55:267-271.
Orynkiewicz G., Poenic M.,Islen R. Y,1985, A generation Of Ca+indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem.260:3440-3450
Paddock SW,1999, Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biotechniques,27 (5):992-996
Paddock SW,2000, Principle and practices of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Mol Biotechnol,16(2); 127-149.
Pan, Y. F., Wang, X. Y. and Zheng, G. C. (Cheng, K. C),2002, The arrangement of microtrabecular network during chromatin migration process and immunolocalization of actin and myosin in pollen mother cells of David lily. Caryologia 55,215-225.
Parthenopolous D A, Rentzepis P M.1989, Science,245:848
Peachey. D. Ishikawa H., Murakami T.,1996. Correlated confocal and internted late voltage electron microscopy imaging, The flle cells using sequentiz fluorescence lobeling fixation and critical poin dehydration. Scanning Microscopy Supplement.1:237-247
Pease A. C. et al 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.5022-5026
Randin D. J. Shaw P. J..1990, Three-dimensional organisadonof ribosomal DNA in interphssel of Pisum,by in situ hybridization and optical tomography Chromosoma (Bed) 99:143-151
Rawhns D. J, Highett M. T. Shaw P. J,1991, Localization of telomeres in plant interphase by in situ hybridisadon and 3D Confocal Microscopy Chromosoma.100:424-431
Reid B G, Flynn G C.1997, Chromophore formed in green fluorescent protein. Biochemistry,36 (22):6786-6791
Reinhardt, B. A., L. L. Brott, S. J. Clarson, A. G. Dillard, J. C. Bhatt, R. Kannan, L. Yuan, G. S. He and P. N. Prasad.1998, Highly active twophoton dyes:design, synthesis, and characterization toward application. Chem. Mater.10(7),1863-1874.
Ren Hong, Liu Yong-sheng. Xun Jing,1998, Observation of Rice Embryo Development with Confocal Laser Ccanning Microscopy Acts Botch,4019: 786-789
Rijkers GT, et al,1990, Improved method for measuring intracellular Ca2+with fluo-3. Cytometry,11:923-928
Roberts D M, and harmon,1992, A Calcium mcdutatnd proteins Targets of intracellular calcium signals in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physi 43:375-414
Schutze K, Maniotis A, Schliwa M,1991, The position of microtubule organ in directionsIIy migrating fibrobtasts depends On the atureol the absratunl. Proc. Nati.Acad. Sci. USA,88:8367-8371
Sears, E.R.1953, The American Naturalist.245-252.
Shens S, Buck WR,1993, Sources of calcium in urcbin eggs during therertrization response. J. Dev. Biol,157:157-169
Shimada K, Takahashi M, Ikeda M,1995, Tanzawa identification and characterization of two soornls of an endothelin-converting enzymel,FEBS letters,371:140-144
Shurong Huang et al,1996, The Arabidopsis Proflin gene family-Evidence for anancient split between constitutive and pollen specific proflin genes. Plant Phyiol, 111:115-126.
Shurong Huang et al,1997, The Arabidopsis ACT11atin gene is strongly expressed in tissues of the emerging inflorescene pollen and development ovules. Plant Molecular Biology,33:125-139.
Shurong Huang et al.1996, The Arabidopsis thaliana ACT4/ACT12 actin gene Subclass is strongly expressed throuout pollen development. The Plant Journal, 10(2):189-202.
Silva A.P.D., Gunaratne H.Q.N., Gunnlaugsson T., Huxley A.J.M., McCoy CP., Rademacher J.T. and Rice T.E..1997. Signaling Recognition Events with Fluorescent Sensors and Switches. Chem. Rev.97(5):1515-1566.
Singhal VK, Kumar P.,2008, Impact of cytomixis on meiosis, pollen viability and pollen size in wild populations of Himalayan poppy (Meconopsis aculeata Royle). Biosci.; 33(3):371-80.
So P. T. C., C. Y. Dong, B. R. Master and K. M. Berland.,2000, Twophoton excitation fluorescence microscopy. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.2,399-429.
Soliman,A.Haroun.1995, Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of polygonum tomen to sum shrank. Cytologia,60:257-260.
Soller C, Cannell M B.1996, Eur. J. Physics,432:555-561
Sonnleitner, M., G. J. Schutz and T. H. Schmidt,1999, Imaging individual molecules by two-photon excitation. Chem. Phys. Lett.300,221-226.
Squirrell J. M., Wokosin D. L., White J. G., et al.,1999, Nat. Biotechnol.,17,763
Stelzer E H K, Lindek S, Albrecht S, et al.1995, A new tool for the observation of embryos and other large specimens:confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc,179:1-10.
Stephen P A, et al.1993. Natue,354; 555-556
Strickler J H, Webb W W,1991, Optics Letters,16:1780
Svoboda K, Denk W, Kleinfeld D, et al.1997, Nature,385
T.A.Soman et al.1993, Temperature sensitive cytomixis in Helicanthes elastica(Desr.) Dans(Loranthacede). Cytologia,58:21-26.
Takats, S.T 1959.Chromatin extruion and DNA transfer during microsporogenesis. Chromosoma,10:430-453.
Tamotsu S, et al.1997, Three-dimensional reconstruction of serotonin-immuno reactive photo receptors in the pineal organ of the river lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Biol Signals,6 (4-6):184-190
The Handbooks-A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Techonologies,10th ed.; Haugland, R. P. Ed.; Molecular Probes:Eungene, OR,2005.
Tsien R Y.1998, The green fluorescent protein. Annu Rev Biochem,67:509-544
Van Orden, A., H. Cai, P. M. Goodwin and R. A. Keller,1999, Efficient detection of single DNA fragments in flowing sample streams by two-photon fluorescence excitation. Anal. Chem.71,2108-2116
Wade MH, et al.1992, Fluorescence Quantification in living cells.Biomed Tech.,87: 43-48
Wang Chun-Mei, Huang Xiao-feng, et al.1997, The Principle of Laser Confocal Scanning Microscpe and Its Application in Medical Research. Journal of the Fourth Military Medical University.18:59-82
Wang X Y, Guo G Q, N ie SW, et al.1998, Cytochem ical localizat ion of cellulase act ivity inpo lien mo thercells of David lily during meio t ic I and its relat ion to secondary fo rmat ion of p lasmodesmata. Protoplasma,204 (3-4):128-138.
Wang, H. Z., H. Lei, Z. C. Wei, F. L. Zhao, X. G. Zheng, N. S. Hu, X. M. Wang, Y. Ren, Y. P. Tian, Q. Fang and M. H. Jiang,2000, Spectral properties and effective upconverted lasing of new organic molecules. Chem. Phys. Lett.324,349-353.
Wang, X. Y, Nie, X. W., Guo, G Q., and Zheng G. C.,2002, Ultrastructural characterization of the process of cytoplasmic channel formation between pollen mother cells of David lily.Caryologia 55,161-169.
Wang, X. Y, Yu, C. H., Li, X., Wang C. Y, and Zheng G. C.2004,Ultrastructural aspects and possible origin of cytoplasmic channels providing intercellular connection in vegetative tissues of anthers. Russ. J. Plant Physiol.51,97-106.
Wang, X., H. E. Pudavar, R. Kapoor, L. J. Krebs, E. J. Bergey, C. Liebow, P. N. Prasad, A. A. Nagy and A. V. Schally,2001, Studies on the mechanism of action of a targeted chemotherapeutic drug in living cancer cells by two photon laser scanning microspectrofluorometry. J. Biomed. Opt.6(3),319-325.
Wang, X., L. J. Krebs, M. Al-Nuri, H. E. Pudavar, S. Ghosal, C. Liebow, A. A. Nagy, A. V. Schally and P. N. Prasad,1999, A chemically labeled cytotoxic agent: two-photon fluorophore for optical tracking of cellular pathway in chemotherapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (Chem.) 96,11081-11084.
White JG, Amos WB.1987, Confocal microscopy comes of age. Nature,328 (6126): 183-184.
Wilson T, Tan J B.1993, Three-dimensional image reconstruction in conventional and confocal microscopes. Bioimaging,1:176-184
Wilson T,1989, Three-dimensional imaging in confocal systems.J Microsci,153: 161-169.
Wokosia D.J, Wemonze V E, Crittenden S, White J G,1982,Three photon excitation fluorescence imaging of bio-Logical specimens using Yguerabide Lateral mobility in membranes as detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biophys J.,39:69-75.
Woo H.Y., Hong J.W., Liu B., Mikhailovsky A., Korystov D. and Bazan G.C..2005. Water-soluble [2.2] paracyclophane chromophores with large two-photon action cross sections. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127:820-821.
Wu, L.-Z., X.-J. Tang, M.-H. Jiang and C.-H.Tung,1999, Two-photon induced fluorescence of novel dyes. Chem. Phys. Lett.315,379-382.
Xia A D. Wada S. Tashiro H.1998, Appl. Phys. Lett.,73
Xu C. and Webb W.W.1996, Measurement of two-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B.13: 481-491.
Xu C., Zipfel W., Shear J.B., Williams R.M., and Webb W.W..1996. Multiphoton fluorescence excitation:new spectral windows for biological nonlinear microscopy. PNAS.93:10763-10768.
Yang F.,Moss L G.,Philips GN.,1996, The molecular structure of green fluorescent protein. Nat Biotechnol,14 (10):1246-1251
Yang J-X., Tao X-T., Yuan C.X., Yan Y.X., Wang L., Liu Z., Ren Y., and Jiang M. H..2005. A Facile Synthesis and Properties of Multicarbazole Molecules Containing Multiple Vinylene Bridges. J. Am. Chem. Soc.127:3278-3279.
Yang T T, Cheng L, Kain S R.1996, Optimized codon usage and chromophore mutations provide enhanced sensitivity with the green fluorescent protein. Nucleic Acids Res.24 (22):4592-4593
Yang W.J., Kim C.H., Jeong M.Y., Lee S.K., Piao M.J., Jeon S.J. and Cho B.R.2004. Synthesis and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of 9,10-Bis-(arylethynyl)-anthracene Derivatives. Chem. Mater.16(14):2783-2789.
Yao S., Belfield K.D.,2005. Synthesis of Two-Photon Absorbing Unsymmetrical Branched Chromophores through Direct Tris(bromomethylation) of Fluorene. J. Org. Chem.70(3):5126—5132.
Yguerabide J, et al.1982, Lateral mobility in membranes as detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biophys J,39:69-75
Yong_Qing An, et al.1996, Strong constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis ACT2/ ACT8 actin subclass in vegetative tissues.The plant Journal,10(1):107-121.
Yong_Qing An, et al.1996, Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT3 actin subclass in organ prmordia and mature pollen. The Plant Cell,8:15-30.
Zee S. Y.1992, Confocal laser scanning microscopy of miermuhule organizational changes in isolated generative cells of A Llemanda aeriifolia durlag mitosis. Sex Plant Reprod,5:182
Zhang C., Dalton LR., Oh M-C., Zhang H. and Steier W.H..2001. Low Vπ Electrooptic Modulators from CLD-1:Chromophore Design and Synthesis, Material Processing, and Characterization.Chem. Mater.,13 (9):3043-3050.
Zhang.W.C, et al.1990, Inter cellular movement of protoplsam in vivo in developing endosperm of wheet caryopses. Protoplasma,153:193-203.
Zheng G C, Yang Q L, Zheng Y R.1987, The relat ionsh ip betw een cytom ixis, ch romo some mutat ion andkazyo type evo lut ion m lily. Caryologia,40 (3):243-259.
Zimprich F,Ashworth R,Bolsover S.1998, Real-time measurements of calcium dynamics in neurons developing in situ within zebrafish embryos.Pflugers Arch, 436:489-493.
Zojer E., Beljonne D., Pacher P. and Bredas J.L..2004. Two-photon absorption in quadrupolar π-conjugated molecules:Influence of the nature of the conjugated bridge and the donor-acceptor separation. Chem. Eur. J.10:2668-2680.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |