心滩守护前后水力特性研究
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摘要
三峡工程已于2003年6月开始蓄水运用,由于水库拦截大量泥沙,“清水”下泄将使水库下游河床发生长距离、长时段的冲刷和河势调整,伴随着水位下降,原有经过整治的部分浅滩,工程的稳定和加固问题需要研究,尚未进行整治的浅滩碍航条件可能会进一步恶化,还可能产生新的碍航浅滩,碍航问题将进一步加剧,这些问题直接关系到长江航道畅通。研究心滩的水力特性及护心滩建筑物稳定性,对于深入认识心滩的演变特点及工程的稳定和加固具有重要意义。
本文结合西部交通建设科技项目“长江中游心滩守护工程关键技术研究”,依托长江中游沙市河段三八滩航道整治一期工程,通过水槽概化模型试验,选择软体排护滩带、四面六边透水框架和鱼骨坝三种护心滩建筑物,着重研究心滩守护前后的水力特性。详细分析了有无护心滩建筑物时的水面线和流速分布特点、边界剪切应力在横向及整个测区的分布规律,着重研究了护滩前后脉动动能和相对紊动强度的分布规律。通过对比分析三种护心滩建筑物护滩后的水位及流速变化特点、脉动动能的分布规律,得出四面六边透水框架的护底保滩、减速促淤的效果明显,软体排护滩带护滩后对心滩的水流结构影响很小,鱼骨坝护滩后心滩的水流结构有较大的变化且流态紊乱、紊动增强,不能达到预期的护滩效果。
The project of the Three Gorges has stored water since the date of 2003.6. Because of intercepting plenty of sand,“clear water”discharge makes the lower river bed of the reservoir have a long distance and a long time scour and river regime adjustment. With the water level down, the problems of the stability and reinforcement of a part of dredged shoals and projects should be discussed. The navigation-obstructing condition of non-dredged shoals may get worse and new navigation-obstructing shoals may appear. The problems of obstruction to navigation will aggravate. These questions will affect the Yangtze River’s channel directly. So it’s very important to know the evolution features of the central bar and the stability and reinforcement of a project by studying the hydraulic characteristics of the central bar and the stability of the beach protection construction. This paper works for the hydraulic characteristics whether there is a central bar or not.
This paper was carried out from the western communication construction project of the Research on the Key Techniques of Bar Projection in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River, studies the flow structure near the central bar with a beach construction or not through the experiment of flume generalized model with three kinds of beach protection construction of the software platoon beach protection belt, the triangular pyramid permeable frame and the fish-bone dam. It analyses in detail the water level and velocity distribution characteristics whether there exists a beach protection construction of the central bar, focuses on the distribution regularity of the boundary shear stress along the lateral sideway and the whole survey area. It also studies in detail the pulsating kinetic energy and relative intensity of turbulence whether there is a beach protection. Compared with the water level, velocity variation and pulsating kinetic energy’s distribution regularity of the three kinds of beach protection construction, it points out the triangular pyramid permeable frame protects the bar better and lowers the flow velocity. Not the software platoon beach protection belt but the fish-bone dam affects the whole survey area’s flow structure distinctly. The fish-bone dam can’t reach the expected effect of a beach protection because of the confusion of the flow pattern and the intensification of turbulence.
本文结合西部交通建设科技项目“长江中游心滩守护工程关键技术研究”,依托长江中游沙市河段三八滩航道整治一期工程,通过水槽概化模型试验,选择软体排护滩带、四面六边透水框架和鱼骨坝三种护心滩建筑物,着重研究心滩守护前后的水力特性。详细分析了有无护心滩建筑物时的水面线和流速分布特点、边界剪切应力在横向及整个测区的分布规律,着重研究了护滩前后脉动动能和相对紊动强度的分布规律。通过对比分析三种护心滩建筑物护滩后的水位及流速变化特点、脉动动能的分布规律,得出四面六边透水框架的护底保滩、减速促淤的效果明显,软体排护滩带护滩后对心滩的水流结构影响很小,鱼骨坝护滩后心滩的水流结构有较大的变化且流态紊乱、紊动增强,不能达到预期的护滩效果。
The project of the Three Gorges has stored water since the date of 2003.6. Because of intercepting plenty of sand,“clear water”discharge makes the lower river bed of the reservoir have a long distance and a long time scour and river regime adjustment. With the water level down, the problems of the stability and reinforcement of a part of dredged shoals and projects should be discussed. The navigation-obstructing condition of non-dredged shoals may get worse and new navigation-obstructing shoals may appear. The problems of obstruction to navigation will aggravate. These questions will affect the Yangtze River’s channel directly. So it’s very important to know the evolution features of the central bar and the stability and reinforcement of a project by studying the hydraulic characteristics of the central bar and the stability of the beach protection construction. This paper works for the hydraulic characteristics whether there is a central bar or not.
This paper was carried out from the western communication construction project of the Research on the Key Techniques of Bar Projection in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River, studies the flow structure near the central bar with a beach construction or not through the experiment of flume generalized model with three kinds of beach protection construction of the software platoon beach protection belt, the triangular pyramid permeable frame and the fish-bone dam. It analyses in detail the water level and velocity distribution characteristics whether there exists a beach protection construction of the central bar, focuses on the distribution regularity of the boundary shear stress along the lateral sideway and the whole survey area. It also studies in detail the pulsating kinetic energy and relative intensity of turbulence whether there is a beach protection. Compared with the water level, velocity variation and pulsating kinetic energy’s distribution regularity of the three kinds of beach protection construction, it points out the triangular pyramid permeable frame protects the bar better and lowers the flow velocity. Not the software platoon beach protection belt but the fish-bone dam affects the whole survey area’s flow structure distinctly. The fish-bone dam can’t reach the expected effect of a beach protection because of the confusion of the flow pattern and the intensification of turbulence.
引文
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[11] Hager W H.. Supercritical flow in channel junctions[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1989,115(5):595-616.
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[15]童朝锋.分汊口水沙运动特征及三维水流数学模型应用研究[J].河海大学学报,2005.
[16]梁在潮.紊流力学[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1988.
[17]梁在潮等.多相流与紊流相干结构[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994.
[18]窦国仁.紊流力学(上下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[19]候晖昌.河流动力学基本问题[M].北京:水利出版社,1982.
[20]张红武,江恩惠.等黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[21]余新明.河道冲淤情况下分流分沙模式初步研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[22]孙丽.复式河道水流特性数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[23]石荣荣.复式河槽水沙运动数值模拟[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[24]石荣荣,刘兴年,杨克君.复式河槽漫滩水流的三维数值计算[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(2):13-17.
[25]梁爱国,槐文信.复式断面明渠二次流的数值模拟[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2008,16(2):296-304.
[26]兰波.干支流交汇水面形态特征分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,1997 ,16(4):109-114.
[27]吴迪.复式断面“Y”型交汇河口水流水力特性[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006.
[28]郭维东,王晓刚,曹继文,等.“Y”型汇流口水流水力特性试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2005,23(3):53-56.
[29]舒安平.壅水分汊河道河型转化特征及其机理[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),1994, 9(1):1-7.
[30]程昌华,王士毅.川江汊道浅滩的基本特性及整治[J].重庆交通学院学报,1998,17(4):87-91.
[31]夏细禾,余文畴.长江中下游分汊河道稳定性与治理方略的探讨[J].人民长江,1999,30(9):21-23.
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[33]李昌华.河工模型试验[M].人民交通出版社,1981.
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