基于共同价值的多维度组织协同机理与方法研究
|
摘要
随着知识经济和信息技术的发展,大量新兴产业和企业如管理咨询业、投资公司、软件开发公司、广告设计公司等不断涌现。这些组织广泛采用项目驱动型组织结构,属于权利线多于一条的多维度形式。解决由于多维度而产生的复杂性的关键是“协同”,而传统的组织理论对这种多维度组织及其协同管理的专门研究还比较薄弱。根据系统理论,在系统由无序转向有序的协同过程中,存在一种起主导和役使作用的序参量,探索基于序参量的协同管理显然具有重要意义。
本文将组织理论、协同理论与项目管理理论、绩效管理理论相结合,以多维度组织管理系统为研究对象,提出了共同价值是多维度组织管理系统协同的序参量的观点,探索性的研究了基于共同价值的多维度组织的协同机理,构建了概念模型,分析了多维度组织协同的方法,分别对支撑多维度组织管理系统运营的两大子系统进行了研究,并以河北省建设投资公司为例进行了应用研究。本文的研究不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且对于多维度组织管理具有现实的参考价值。论文的主要研究内容和创新点如下:
(1)指出了多维度组织本质上是组织结构中存在多重权力线的一种组织形式,其最基本的结构表现为矩阵结构。分析了多维度组织的特点和适用范围,并基于其复杂性的特点,提出只有构建基于共同价值驱动的组织管理模式,才能使多维度组织在发展规模不断扩大的同时,又极具竞争优势,进而提出将共同价值作为多维度组织协同序参量的观点。通过对共同价值产生背景的分析,进而对共同价值的内涵进行界定,即组织的全体成员共同拥有的信念、价值观,共同的目标以及共同认同并自觉遵守的一系列行为方式的总和,能为组织小到完成一项工作任务大到实现组织愿景提供不竭的动力和支持。最后,评述了共同价值在组织中发挥的作用,提出形成共同价值的六个步骤,以及基于两个维度的共同价值的构成。
(2)分析了多维度组织管理系统的协同特征,接着基于构材、结构、环境效应的系统涌现机理提出多维度组织管理系统协同的主导逻辑。然后,分别从序参量的特性与选择序参量的原则两方面,分析了本文将共同价值作为序参量的辨识过程,并对序参量的作用机理进行了阐述。最后,分析揭示了基于共同价值的多维度组织管理系统的协同机理。即多维度组织协同运行的主要动因是可产生协同效应,并基于多维度组织“共赢竞争”的理念,构建了基于维度内、维度间、组织与环境间的多维度组织的协同模型,并分别针对不同层次的协同阐述了其具体的协同方式、协同机制、协同效应,及可能产生的协同成本及潜在冲突。
(3)通过与传统企业的比较,分析了多维度组织协同的特点及其在运营上的具体体现。接着基于多维度组织的特点和协同机理提出了多维度组织协同的思路,分析出了业务协同管理系统和绩效协同管理系统是支撑多维度组织管理系统运营的两大子系统,并构建了多维度组织管理系统的协同平台。即在信息技术平台的支撑下,基于序参量(共同价值)与组织管理系统的相互作用,系统的协同作用通过各子系统内的内部协同、子系统间的战略协同,以及整个组织系统与外部环境中竞争者进行的竞争协同、与供应商、顾客和协力者进行的合作协同来实现。
(4)根据给出的多维度组织业务协同管理的定义,提出了其具有复杂性、临时性、不确定性和需求驱动性的特征。提出多维度组织业务协同的运行机理主要是基于构材、结构和环境效应产生了组织所期望的整体涌现性,从而对多维度组织业务协同管理系统的运行机制进行了设计,即基于构材效应对业务协同管理系统内的职能部门与项目进行选择;基于结构效应从业务协同管理系统内职能部门之间、项目部门之间、职能部门与项目部门之间的关系这三方面对业务协同过程进行了设计;基于环境效应提出了类似生态系统的业务协同管理系统的进化过程,提出业务协同管理系统是一个动态的、进化的系统。最后,为提高业务协同管理系统的整体协调度和有序度水平,建立了关于费用、资源、质量和时间的业务协同管理系统的协调度模型,对其协调度进行评价。
(5)分析了多维度组织绩效管理系统的三个基本特征,即系统性、多维性和动态性。然后从三个层面,即维度子系统内部协同、维度子系统间协同、系统与系统环境间协同,构建了多维度组织绩效管理系统的协同框架,并对三个层面的协同机理与架构进行了详尽的论述。最后运用平衡计分卡对多维度组织不同层面间的绩效协同管理的实施办法进行了具体设计。
With the development of knowledge economy and information technology, lots of new industry and enterprises come forth constantly, such as management consultation companies, investment companies, software development companies, advertisement design companies, etc. Those widely adopt project driven organization structure, which is multi-dimensional form that has more than one power line. Synergy is the linchpin of the complexity caused by multi-dimension. However, study of traditional organization theories on multi-dimensional organization and its synergetic management is weak. According to system theories, there is an order parameter that plays a dominant as well as slaving part during the process from disorder to order. So, it is important to explore synergy management based on the order parameter.
This paper studied synergy of the multi-dimensional organization management system, combining organization theories, synergy theories, with project management theories and performance management theories. It put forward that the common value is the order parameter of synergy for the multi-dimensional organization and studied exploringly its mechanism, established the conception model, analyzed the synergy methods based on the common value. And then, it studied the business synergy management system and performance synergy management system which supporting the multi-dimensional organization functions steadily. At the end of the paper, the relevant application study was done combined with Hebei Construction & Investment Company. The main work and innovations would be described as follows:
(1) It presented that the multi-dimensional organization in nature is a kind of organization which has more than one power line and its basic form is matrix organization. After analyzing the characters and the application of the multi-dimensional organization, it brought forward that the multi-dimensional organization should build the management mode driven by the common value in order to strengthen its competitive ability along with its development. It analyzed the background of the common value, defined its conception which is all the members in the organization have the common belief, common value, common aim, as well as the common pattern of behavior that could provide the inexhaustible power and support for the organization to complete a small word task or to achieve visions. At last, the effectiveness of the common value was commented; six steps of formation and its constituent based on two dimensions were analyzed.
(2) It analyzed the synergy characters of the multi-dimensional organization. The main logic of synergy was put forward according to emergence mechanism founded on construct material effect, structure effect and environment effect. It also analyzed the reason that the common value is the order parameter of synergy based on the characteristic and select principle of order parameter as well as order parameter mechanism. And then, the synergy mechanism was posted by analyzing its synergy motivity, synergy model, synergy manner, potential conflict and synergy costs.
(3) By comparing with traditional enterprises, the synergy characters were analyzed and the synergy framework was brought out. It also designed the synergy platform of multi-dimensional organization which supported by information technology platform, based on reciprocity between the common value and organization management system, synergy functions by subsystems inside synergy, strategy synergy between different subsystems, competitive synergy and cooperative synergy between system and outside environment.
(4) Four essential features of the multi-dimensional organization operation synergy management system were described, which are complexity, provisionality, uncertainty, demand drive. And then, synergy mechanism was analyzed and designed. Those are how to select functional departments and project groups according to construct material effect; how to cooperate between different functional departments, different project groups, functional departments and project groups according to structure effect; being a dynamic and evolutional system according to environment effect. In order to improve the synergy degree and the order of the multi-dimensional organization, the model that could evaluate its operation synergy management system was built. Costs, resources, quality and schedule were composed in this model.
(5) Systematism, multi-dimension, dynamic were analyzed as the features of performance synergy management system of the multi-dimensional organization. Then, synergy framework was set up from different layers which are synergy between the same dimensional subsystems, synergy between different dimensional subsystems, and synergy between system and outside environment. The synergy mechanism was discussed deeply from that three layers, too. Lastly, the implements of different layers of performance synergy management system were designed concretely by the way of the balanced score card.
本文将组织理论、协同理论与项目管理理论、绩效管理理论相结合,以多维度组织管理系统为研究对象,提出了共同价值是多维度组织管理系统协同的序参量的观点,探索性的研究了基于共同价值的多维度组织的协同机理,构建了概念模型,分析了多维度组织协同的方法,分别对支撑多维度组织管理系统运营的两大子系统进行了研究,并以河北省建设投资公司为例进行了应用研究。本文的研究不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且对于多维度组织管理具有现实的参考价值。论文的主要研究内容和创新点如下:
(1)指出了多维度组织本质上是组织结构中存在多重权力线的一种组织形式,其最基本的结构表现为矩阵结构。分析了多维度组织的特点和适用范围,并基于其复杂性的特点,提出只有构建基于共同价值驱动的组织管理模式,才能使多维度组织在发展规模不断扩大的同时,又极具竞争优势,进而提出将共同价值作为多维度组织协同序参量的观点。通过对共同价值产生背景的分析,进而对共同价值的内涵进行界定,即组织的全体成员共同拥有的信念、价值观,共同的目标以及共同认同并自觉遵守的一系列行为方式的总和,能为组织小到完成一项工作任务大到实现组织愿景提供不竭的动力和支持。最后,评述了共同价值在组织中发挥的作用,提出形成共同价值的六个步骤,以及基于两个维度的共同价值的构成。
(2)分析了多维度组织管理系统的协同特征,接着基于构材、结构、环境效应的系统涌现机理提出多维度组织管理系统协同的主导逻辑。然后,分别从序参量的特性与选择序参量的原则两方面,分析了本文将共同价值作为序参量的辨识过程,并对序参量的作用机理进行了阐述。最后,分析揭示了基于共同价值的多维度组织管理系统的协同机理。即多维度组织协同运行的主要动因是可产生协同效应,并基于多维度组织“共赢竞争”的理念,构建了基于维度内、维度间、组织与环境间的多维度组织的协同模型,并分别针对不同层次的协同阐述了其具体的协同方式、协同机制、协同效应,及可能产生的协同成本及潜在冲突。
(3)通过与传统企业的比较,分析了多维度组织协同的特点及其在运营上的具体体现。接着基于多维度组织的特点和协同机理提出了多维度组织协同的思路,分析出了业务协同管理系统和绩效协同管理系统是支撑多维度组织管理系统运营的两大子系统,并构建了多维度组织管理系统的协同平台。即在信息技术平台的支撑下,基于序参量(共同价值)与组织管理系统的相互作用,系统的协同作用通过各子系统内的内部协同、子系统间的战略协同,以及整个组织系统与外部环境中竞争者进行的竞争协同、与供应商、顾客和协力者进行的合作协同来实现。
(4)根据给出的多维度组织业务协同管理的定义,提出了其具有复杂性、临时性、不确定性和需求驱动性的特征。提出多维度组织业务协同的运行机理主要是基于构材、结构和环境效应产生了组织所期望的整体涌现性,从而对多维度组织业务协同管理系统的运行机制进行了设计,即基于构材效应对业务协同管理系统内的职能部门与项目进行选择;基于结构效应从业务协同管理系统内职能部门之间、项目部门之间、职能部门与项目部门之间的关系这三方面对业务协同过程进行了设计;基于环境效应提出了类似生态系统的业务协同管理系统的进化过程,提出业务协同管理系统是一个动态的、进化的系统。最后,为提高业务协同管理系统的整体协调度和有序度水平,建立了关于费用、资源、质量和时间的业务协同管理系统的协调度模型,对其协调度进行评价。
(5)分析了多维度组织绩效管理系统的三个基本特征,即系统性、多维性和动态性。然后从三个层面,即维度子系统内部协同、维度子系统间协同、系统与系统环境间协同,构建了多维度组织绩效管理系统的协同框架,并对三个层面的协同机理与架构进行了详尽的论述。最后运用平衡计分卡对多维度组织不同层面间的绩效协同管理的实施办法进行了具体设计。
With the development of knowledge economy and information technology, lots of new industry and enterprises come forth constantly, such as management consultation companies, investment companies, software development companies, advertisement design companies, etc. Those widely adopt project driven organization structure, which is multi-dimensional form that has more than one power line. Synergy is the linchpin of the complexity caused by multi-dimension. However, study of traditional organization theories on multi-dimensional organization and its synergetic management is weak. According to system theories, there is an order parameter that plays a dominant as well as slaving part during the process from disorder to order. So, it is important to explore synergy management based on the order parameter.
This paper studied synergy of the multi-dimensional organization management system, combining organization theories, synergy theories, with project management theories and performance management theories. It put forward that the common value is the order parameter of synergy for the multi-dimensional organization and studied exploringly its mechanism, established the conception model, analyzed the synergy methods based on the common value. And then, it studied the business synergy management system and performance synergy management system which supporting the multi-dimensional organization functions steadily. At the end of the paper, the relevant application study was done combined with Hebei Construction & Investment Company. The main work and innovations would be described as follows:
(1) It presented that the multi-dimensional organization in nature is a kind of organization which has more than one power line and its basic form is matrix organization. After analyzing the characters and the application of the multi-dimensional organization, it brought forward that the multi-dimensional organization should build the management mode driven by the common value in order to strengthen its competitive ability along with its development. It analyzed the background of the common value, defined its conception which is all the members in the organization have the common belief, common value, common aim, as well as the common pattern of behavior that could provide the inexhaustible power and support for the organization to complete a small word task or to achieve visions. At last, the effectiveness of the common value was commented; six steps of formation and its constituent based on two dimensions were analyzed.
(2) It analyzed the synergy characters of the multi-dimensional organization. The main logic of synergy was put forward according to emergence mechanism founded on construct material effect, structure effect and environment effect. It also analyzed the reason that the common value is the order parameter of synergy based on the characteristic and select principle of order parameter as well as order parameter mechanism. And then, the synergy mechanism was posted by analyzing its synergy motivity, synergy model, synergy manner, potential conflict and synergy costs.
(3) By comparing with traditional enterprises, the synergy characters were analyzed and the synergy framework was brought out. It also designed the synergy platform of multi-dimensional organization which supported by information technology platform, based on reciprocity between the common value and organization management system, synergy functions by subsystems inside synergy, strategy synergy between different subsystems, competitive synergy and cooperative synergy between system and outside environment.
(4) Four essential features of the multi-dimensional organization operation synergy management system were described, which are complexity, provisionality, uncertainty, demand drive. And then, synergy mechanism was analyzed and designed. Those are how to select functional departments and project groups according to construct material effect; how to cooperate between different functional departments, different project groups, functional departments and project groups according to structure effect; being a dynamic and evolutional system according to environment effect. In order to improve the synergy degree and the order of the multi-dimensional organization, the model that could evaluate its operation synergy management system was built. Costs, resources, quality and schedule were composed in this model.
(5) Systematism, multi-dimension, dynamic were analyzed as the features of performance synergy management system of the multi-dimensional organization. Then, synergy framework was set up from different layers which are synergy between the same dimensional subsystems, synergy between different dimensional subsystems, and synergy between system and outside environment. The synergy mechanism was discussed deeply from that three layers, too. Lastly, the implements of different layers of performance synergy management system were designed concretely by the way of the balanced score card.
引文
[1]宋学锋,杨列勋,曹庆仁,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:15.
[2] Fang J Q, Chen G. Some General Features of Complexity and Its Control and Anti-control Strategies. Proceedings on Sino-German Symposium on Complexity Science. Beijing,2000,October 17-18:163-172.
[3]成思危,冯芷艳,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 1999:1-8.
[4]成思危,复杂科学与系统工程,管理科学学报, 1999,12(2):1-6.
[5]戴汝为,关于“复杂性”的研究——一门21世纪的科学,科学前沿与未来,北京:科学出版社, 1998:182-207.
[6]陈宏民, 2004中国管理科学与工程发展报告,上海:上海三联书店, 2004: 332-345.
[7]齐庆祝,企业能力的维度、层次及层次演进研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2005.
[8]徐炜, 21世纪新环境下企业组织结构研究[D],北京:中国社会科学院研究生院, 2003.
[9]亚当?斯密,国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷),北京:商务印书馆, 1997:5.
[10]郑海航,企业组织学导论,北京:中国劳动出版社, 1991:39.
[11]丹尼尔? A ?雷恩,管理思想的演变,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:101-102.
[12] D.S.皮尤,组织理论精萃,北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990:3-4.
[13]丹尼尔? A ?雷恩,管理思想的演变,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:256-257.
[14] C. I.巴纳德,经理人员的职能,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1997:91.
[15] H?法约尔,工业管理与一般管理,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1982: 64-65.
[16]弗莱蒙特?E?卡斯特,詹姆斯?E?罗森茨韦克,组织与管理:系统方法与权变方法,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:135-143.
[17] Hery Mintzberg, The Structuring of Organization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,INC., 1979:63-64.
[18]波特,竞争优势,北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1998:34.
[19]迈克尔?哈默,詹姆斯?钱皮,改革公司——企业革命的宣言书,上海:上海译文出版社, 1998:29-30.
[20]胡晓清,中国建设现代企业制度的社会文化困扰,管理世界, 1998,3:108-119.
[21]仲伟周,黄丹,企业文化理论的兴衰演变及其启示[A],第四届两岸中华文化与经营管理学术研讨会论文集[C],北京:人民大学出版社, 2000.
[22]凌军平,浅谈如何建立和发展有中国特色的企业文化,科技情报开发与经济, 2006,2:173-174.
[23]赵东,构建和谐企业文化提升企业竞争的核心动力,商场现代化, 2006,4:234-235.
[24]沈琦,核心竞争力的企业文化支点,企业改革与管理, 2006,2:52-53.
[25]袁媛,王孟钧,基于核心竞争力的建筑企业文化建设,现代管理科学, 2006,3:78-79.
[26]秦颖,企业前进的源动力——企业文化再造,经济师, 2006,3:176,295.
[27]于风雨,企业文化与核心竞争力,商业经济, 2006,1:123-124,127.
[28]孙慧阳,论企业文化的本质及发展趋势,湖南商学院学报, 2007,1:43-45.
[29]李国强,周顺栋,对企业文化建设的几点思考,中国科技信息, 2005,22:83.
[30]王雪梅,赵立雨,管理心理学视角下的企业文化建设,内江科技, 2006,1:23.
[31] Project Management Institute Standards Committee. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Project Management Institute, USA :Pennsylvania, 2000.
[32]成虎.工程项目管理(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.
[33] Ped Love, A Gunasekaran and H. Li. Concurrent Engineering: A Strategy for Procuring Construction Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 1998.
[34] Robert Miles, Glenn Ballard. Contracting for Lean Performance:Contracts and the Lean Construction Team. IGLC-5 Proceedings, 1997.
[35] James P. Lewis,赤向东译.项目计划、进度与控制(第三版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[36]吴涛,丛培经.工程建设项目管理知识体系.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003.
[37] PMI Standards Committee. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Project Management Institute, 1996.
[38]中国项目管理研究委员会.中国项目管理知识体系与国际项目管理专业资质认证标准.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[39] G. Themistocleous, S. H. Wearne. Project Management Topic Coverage in Journals. International Journal of Project Management, 2000,(18):7-11.
[40] Diana White, Joyce Fortune. Current Practice in Project Management-An Empirical Study. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,(20):1-11.
[41] Terry Cooke-Davies. The“Real”Success Factors on Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,(20):185-190.
[42] Pinto, J. K, Prescott, J. Variations in Success Factors over the Stages in the Project Life Cycle. Journal of Management, 1988,14(1):5-18.
[43] Cameron. K. S, Whetten. D. Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness Over Organizational Life Cycles. A dminist rative Science Quarterly, 1981,26:525-544.
[44] Gobeli, D., Larson, W. Relative Effectiveness of Different Peoject Structure. Project Management Journal, 1987,18(2):81-85.
[45] Roderic J. Gray. Organisational Climate and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 2001,19:103-109.
[46] Robert Loo. Working Towards Best Practices in Project Management: A Canadian Study. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,20:93-98.
[47]林海凡等.项目管理的人员配置模型与算法.管理工程学报, 2000,10:17-19.
[48] Stephen P. Robbins. Management(4th ed.). Prentice Hall Inc. 1994.
[49]刘广珠.企业管理人员职业价值观调查研究.人类工效学, 2001,7(3):37-39.
[50]倪陈明,马剑虹.企业职工的工作价值观与组织行为关系分析.人类工效学, 2000,6(4):28-29.
[51]盛陬等.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社, 2001:64-66.
[52]刘大维.“工作”干预对下岗人员及其配偶影响的研究.中国科学院心理所博士论文, 1999:19-21.
[53] Karen A Jehn. A Qualitative Analysis of Conflict Types and Dimensions in Organizational Groups. A dminist rative Science Quarterly Ithaca, Mar. 1999.
[54] Lynn Crawford. Managing Projects-managing Knowledge: Sharing A Journey Towards Performance Improvement. Proceedings of World Project Management Week Conference, Cairns, 2000.
[55] Michiel Woldring. Team Resource Management in European Air Traffic Control. Air & Space Europe, 1999,1(1) .
[56]王淑红,龙立荣,绩效管理综述,中外管理导报, 2002,(9):40-41.
[57]付亚和,许玉林,绩效管理,上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003:63.
[58]理查德·威廉姆斯著,赵正斌,胡蓉译,业绩管理,大连:东北财经大学出版社, 1999.
[59]杨杰,方俐洛,凌文铨,关于绩效评估若干基本问题的思考,自然辩证法通讯, 2001,23(2):40-51.
[60] Spangenberg,H.H, A systems approach to performance appraisal in organizations. Paper presented at the 25th International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium,1992.
[61] Pamenter, Fred, Moving from appraisal to employee enhancement, Canadian Manager, 25(1):13.
[62] Fandray, Dayton.The new thinking in performance appraisal,Workforce, 2001,80(5):36.
[63]蔡永红,林崇德,绩效评估研究的现状及其反思,北京师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2001,(4):119-126.
[64] Bernardin,H., Betty, R W, Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work, Boston: Kent Publishers, 1984.
[65] O’Neill Jr., Robert J., Moving From Performance Measurement to Performance Management, Public Management (US), 2006,88(3):29-30.
[66] Van Scotter, James R., Relationships of Task Performance and Contextual Performance with Turnover, Job Satisfaction, and Affective Commitment, Human Resource Management Review, 2000,10(1):79-95.
[67] Prajogo, Daniel I., Sohal, Amrik S., The integration of TQM and technology/R&D management in determining quality and innovation performance, Omega, 2006, 34(3):296-312.
[68]付亚和,许玉林,绩效管理,上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003:70-71.
[69] Otley, David, Performance management: a framework for management control systems research,Management Accounting Research, 1999,10(4):363-382.
[70] Otley, David, Management control and performance management: whence and whither? British Accounting Review, 2003,35(4):309-326.
[71]王怀明,绩效管理,济南:山东人民出版社, 2003:1-3.
[72] Nilsson, Fredrik; Kald ,Magnus,Recent Advances in Performance Management: The Nordic Case, European Management Journal,2002,20(3):235-245.
[73] Rayton, Bruce A, Firm performance and compensation structure: performance elasticities of average employee compensation, Journal of Corporate Finance, 2003,9(3):333-352.
[74]徐红琳,绩效管理的理论研究,西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2005,26(2):158-160.
[75] Elliott, Simon, Coley-Smith, Helen. Building a new performance management model at BP Strategic Communication Management. 2005,8-9,9(5):24-29.
[76]梁梁,罗彪,王志强,基于战略的全绩效管理实施模型,科研管理, 2003,9,24(5):14-15.
[77]陈婷,吴相林,绩效管理中360度量化评估模型的研究,华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005,5,22(sup):129-130.
[78]齐二石,刘传铭,王玲,公共组织绩效管理综合评测模型及其应用,天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2004,4,6(2):150-153.
[79] Poister,Theodore H., ed al. Performance Measurement in Municipal Government:Assessing the State of the Practice , Public Administration Review, 1999,59(4):88-90.
[80]张志雄,刘红洲,试论绩效管理在公安装备财务工作中的应用,公安研究, 2006,1:57-60.
[81]张松,祝扬,聂哲等,医院绩效管理系统体系结构的研究与实践,中华医院管理杂志, 2005,10,21(10):709-711.
[82]陈俊龙,非营利组织的绩效管理——以中国青少年发展基金会和沪东教会为例[D],上海:复旦大学, 2002.
[83]吴建南,郭雯菁,绩效目标实现的因果分析:平衡计分卡在地方政府绩效管理中的应用,管理评论, 2004,16(6):22-27.
[84] Latham, Gary P.; Almost,Joan; Mann, Sara; New Developments in Performance management, Organizational Dynamics, 2005,34(1):77-87.
[85] Barlas,Stephen; Dowsett,Christopher; Verschoor, Curt, New Developments in Performance Management, Strategic Finance, 2002,83(10):19-20.
[86] Folan,Paul; Browne,Jim, A review of performance measurement: Towards performance management, Computers in Industry, 2005,56(7):663-680.
[87] JJORDAN, P JONES, Assessing your company’s knowledge management style, Journal of Long Range Planning, 1999,30(3):392-398.
[88] P ST HLE, Dynamic intellectual capital in global rapidly changing industries, Journal of Knowledge Management, 2002,6(2):177-189.
[89] D N RASTOGI, The nature and role of IC: rethinking the process and value creation and sustained enterprise growth, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2003,4(2):227-248.
[90] C K PRAHALAD, GHAMEL, The core competenceof the corporation, Harvard Business Review, 1990,5:79-91.
[91] SALLARD, CW HOLSAPPLE, Knowledge management as a key for e-business competitiveness: from the knowledge chain to KM audits, The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2002,42(5):19-25.
[92] V AMARTIN THATZAKIS, M LYCETT, RMACREDIE, Building the business/IT relationship through knowledge management, Journal of Information Technology Case and Applications, 2004, 6(2):27-47.
[93] B THURAISINGHAM, A GUPTA, EBERTINO, E FERRARI, Collaborative commerce and knowledge management, Knowledge and Process Management, 2002,9(1):43-53.
[94] (德)H.哈肯,徐锡申等译.协同学引论——物理学、化学和生物学中的非平衡相变和自组织.北京:原子能出版社, 1984.
[95]曾健,张一方.社会协同学.北京:科学出版社, 2000.
[96] (德)H.哈肯,郭治安译.高等协同学.北京:科学出版社, 1989.
[97]黄润荣,任光耀.耗散结构与协同学.贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 1988.
[98]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学——大自然构成的奥秘.上海:译文出版社, 1995.
[99] Cilliers, Paul, Complexityand Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems. New York: Routledge:7,1998.
[100] Weaver,Warren,Scienceand Complexity.Scientist, 1948,36(4):536-544.
[101] Cowan,G., D.Pines and D. Meltzer, Complexity: Metaphors,Models, and Reality. Addison-Wesley: 2, 1994.
[102] Simon, Herbert Alxander, the Sciences of the Artif icial ( Third edition),Cambridge (Massachusetts), 1996,The MITPress:169-170.
[103] Pagels, Heinz R., Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity, New York:Simon and Schuster, 1988,13.
[104]贝塔朗菲,林康义,魏宏森等译,一般系统论:基础、发展和应用,北京:清华大学出版社, 1987: 2.
[105]中国社会科学院情报研究所编译,科学学译文集,北京:科学出版社, 1981:323.
[106]苗东升,系统科学原理,北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990:384.
[107] E.拉兹洛,闵家胤译,系统哲学讲演集,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1991:9.
[108]切克兰德,左晓斯等译,系统论的思想与实践,北京:华夏出版社, 1990:93.
[109] Manson, Steven M., Simplifying complexity: a review of complexity theory, Geoforum, 2001,32(3):405-414.
[110] Tainter, Joseph A., Social complexity and sustainability, Ecological Complexity, 2006,3(2):91-103.
[111]柴立和,复杂性科学的几大学派及其研究特点,现代物理知识, 2004,16(6):25-30.
[112] Femau, Henning, Nonterminal complexity of programmed grammars, Theoretical Computer Science, 2003,296(2):225-251.
[113] Marion, Russ, Uhl-Bien, Mary, Leadership in complex organizations, The Leadership in complex organizations, 2001,12(4):389-418.
[114] Cuccia, Andrew D., Cames, Gregory A., A closer look at the relation between tax complexity and tax equity perceptions, Journal of Economic Psychology, 2001,22(2):113-140.
[115] Meidl, Wilfried, Enumeration results on linear complexity profiles and lattice profiles, Journal of Complexity, 2006,22(2):275-286.
[116] Kacewicz, Boleslaw, Improved bounds on the randomized and quantum complexity of initial-value problems, Journal of Complexity, 2006,21(5):740-756.
[117] Buhrman, Harry, de Wolf, Ronald, Complexity measures and decision tree complexity: a survey, Theoretical Computer Science,2002,288(1):21-43.
[118] Meidl, Wilfried, Niederreiter, Harald, The expected value of the joint linear complexity of periodic multisequences, Journal of Complexity, 2003,19(1):61-72.
[119] Stephen Sheard, Complexity Theory and Continental Philosophy 2:A Hermeneutical Theory of Complexity, Emergence: Complexity and organization,2006,8(1):20-30.
[120] Vyugin, Michael V., V’yugin, Vladimir V., Predictive complexity and information, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 2005,70(4):539-554.
[121] Torres, M.E., Gamero, L.G., Relative complexity changes in time series using information measures,Physica A, 2000,286(3-4):457-473.
[122]张健,复杂性科学几个新兴的应用研究方向,复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2004,7,1(3):33-40.
[123]宋学锋,系统复杂性的度量方法,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:57-69.
[124]曹庆仁,杨梅,宋学锋,基于复杂性科学的企业创新与管理,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:156-163.
[125]于景元,刘毅,马昌超,关于复杂性研究,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:305-320.
[126]刘洪,姚立,复杂适应组织管理的策略,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:433-441.
[127]宋学锋,复杂性科学研究现状与展望, 2004中国管理科学与工程发展报告,上海:上海三联出版社, 2005:332-345.
[128]戴汝为,复杂科学性有关的几个问题,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:32-45.
[129]张焘,复杂性研究——当代科学重大变革的重要标志,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:45-59.
[130]于景元,系统科学与复杂性研究,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:59-72.
[131]方福康,复杂经济系统的演化分析,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:72-81.
[132]王浣尘,螺旋式演进与社会经济系统,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:81-89.
[133]朱民,从均衡到混沌的探索,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:89-104.
[134]宋学锋,深沪证券市场股价波动的混沌度及其调控方法,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:104-114.
[135]康立山,演化计算与复杂性科学,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:200-212.
[136]涂序彦,复杂系统的“协调控制论”,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:212-227.
[137]张永光,复杂性科学与人工生命,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:227-246.
[138]葛家理,“现代石油工业经营管理”的复杂系统学,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:246-257.
[139]赵光武,用还原论与整体论相结合的方法探索复杂性,系统辩证学学报, 2003,1,11(1):1-2.
[140]苗东升,系统科学是关于整体涌现性的科学,系统科学与工程研究,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2000:167.
[141] M.邦格,科学的唯物主义,郑毓信,张相轮译,上海:上海译文出版社, 1989:27.
[142] [美]米歇尔·沃尔德罗普,复杂——诞生于秩序与混沌边缘的科学,陈玲译,山东:三联书店, 1999.
[143] Yaneer Bar-Yam, Complexity Rising: From Human Beings to Human Civilization, a Complexity Profile, EOLSS Publishers.2002.5-21.
[144]张忠维,涌现及其内在机理初探[硕士学位论文],广州:华南师范大学, 2002.
[145]刘洪,涌现与组织管理,研究与发展管理, 2002,14(4):40-45.
[146] (美)约翰·霍兰,陈禹译,涌现——从混沌到有序,上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2001:137-142.
[147]杨海军,进化计算中的模式理论、涌现及应用研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2003:77-90.
[148]马龙,柳少军,组织决策过程及其涌现性研究,系统仿真学报, 2003,15(2):1687.
[149]崔霞,戴汝为,李耀东,群体智慧在综合集成研讨厅体系中的涌现,系统仿真学报, 2003,1,15(1):146.
[150]唐方成,马骏,席酉民,和谐管理的耦合机制及其复杂性的涌现,系统工程理论与实践, 2004,11,11:68-69.
[151]贾良定,交易分工经济的涌现及其自组织机制研究,预测, 2001,1:11.
[152]刘洪,涌现与组织管理,研究与发展管理, 2002,8,14(4):40-45.
[153]周健,正反馈:复杂系统中“涌现”的动力学机制初探,中国管理科学(增刊), 2001,10(9):197-204.
[154]张君弟,论复杂适应系统涌现的受限生成过程,系统辩证学学报, 2005,4,13(2):44-48.
[155]苗东升,系统科学是关于整体涌现性的科学,系统科学与工程研究,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2001:166-181.
[156]苗东升,论系统思维(六):重在把握系统的整体涌现性,系统科学学报, 2006,1,14(1):1.
[157]范东萍,“元系统跃迁”与系统涌现性,系统辩证学学报, 2003,11(3):29-32.
[158] Timothy John Tobin, Organizational Identity Formation Processes During a Strategic Organizational Alliance, Ph.D., The George Washington University, 2002.
[159] Eun Jung Kim, Design and Analysis of High Performance and Energy Efficient Cluster Interconnects, Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University, 2003.
[160] Soonwook Hwang, Grid Workflow: A Flexible Framework for Fault Tolerance in the Grid, Ph.D., University of Southern California, 2003.
[161] Daniel L. Blair, Statistical Analysis of Granular Gases, Pattern Formation, and Crumpling Through Real Space Imaging, Ph.D., Clark University, Worcester, 2004.
[162]李灵,电子商务项目的协同管理研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2004.
[163] Godart Claude, Molli Pascal, Oster Gérald, The Toxic Farm Integrated Cooperation Framework for Virtual Teams, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 2004,15(1):67-88.
[164] Lui Steven S., Lu, Yuan, Managing the Inter-Firm Cooperation Process & Colon; Exploratory Case Studies of Hong Kong Architects and Contractors, Asia Pacific Journal of management, 2002,19(4):503-523.
[165] Lindenberg Siegwart, It takes both trust and lack of mistrust: The workings of cooperation and relational signaling in contractual relationships, Journal of management and Governance, 2000,4(1-2):11-33.
[166] Zahn G. Lawrence, Wolf Gerrit, Coordination and cooperation in Dyadic Relationships, Computation & Mathematical Organization Theory, 19698,3(4):249-265.
[167] Xiao Tiaojun, YU Gang, Sheng Zhaohan, Coordination of a supply chain with one-manufacturer and two-retailers under demand promotion and disruption management decisions, Annals of Operations Research, 2005,135(1):87-109.
[168] Kyle Bagwell, Garey Ramey, Coordination Economies, Advertising, and Search Behavior in Retail Markets, International Journal of Value-Based management, 2003,16(1):67-73.
[169] Haken H., Synergetics an introduction, 3rd Springer Berlin, 1983:10-52.
[170] Jackson M.C, Systems methodology for the management sciences, Plenum Press, 1991:1-20.
[171] Frehland E., Synergetics-from microscopic to macroscopic order, 1974:30-51.
[172] Campbell A.,Luchs K.S.著,任通海,龙大伟译,战略协同,北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[173] Jonathan Grudin, Computer-supported cooperative work:history and focus, IEEE Computer, 1994,27(5):19-26.
[174] James D. Palmer, N. Ann Fidlds,Computer-supported cooperative work, IEEE Computer, 1994,27(5):15-17.
[175] Kim Hee-Woong, Modeling Inter- and Intra-Organizational coordination in Electronic Commerce Deployments, Information Technology and management, 2001,2(3):335-354.
[176] Kim Hee-Woong, Business Process Versus coordination process in Organizational Change, International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2000,12(4):275-290.
[177] Bardram Jakob E., Temporal coordination-on Time and coordination of Collaborative Activities at a Surgical Department, Computer Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW), 2000,9(2):157-187.
[178] Clark Theodore H., Lee Ho Guen, Performance, interdependence and coordination in business & dash; to & dash; business electronic commerce and supply chain management, Information Technology and management, 2000,1(1-2):85-105.
[179] Nelson Kay M., Armstrong Deb, Buche Mari, Evaluating the CMM Level 3 KPA of Intergroup coordination & colon; A theory & dash; based approach, Information Technology and Management; 2000,1(3):171-181.
[180] Liu Jyi-Shane, Sycara Katia P., Coordination of multiple agents for production management, Annals of Operations Research, 1997,75(1):235-289.
[181]潘开灵,白列湖,管理协同机制研究,系统科学学报, 2006,1,14(1):45-48.
[182]陈剑辉,基于多智能代理决策系统的建设项目协同管理问题研究,广东电力, 2005,4,18(4):12.
[183]吴鹏,苏新宁,邓三鸿等,知识管理系统中的智力协同框架,研究与发展管理, 2005,4,17(2):20.
[184]刘明周,李军鹏,张铭鑫等,基于协同管理模式的企业员工招聘模型研究,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,5,28(5):550.
[185]杨宁,宫会丽,丁香乾,机械工业售后服务协同管理平台研究,中国制造业信息化, 2004,1,33(1):79.
[186]王朝群,管理会计在项目驱动型组织中的关注重点,价值工程,2005,24(10):87-89.
[187]尹新贵,基于项目管理能力的项目驱动型企业战略风险形成研究,中国市场, 2007,(44):96-97.
[188]顾春景,企业组织结构发展概述,沿海企业与科技, 2006,(2):46-48.
[189]林润辉,李维安.网络组织——更具环境适应能力的新型组织模式,南开管理评论, 2000, (3):4-7
[190]朱礼龙,周德群,网络组织模式及其演化机理研究,现代经济探讨, 2007,(8):90-92.
[191]齐善鸿,王鉴忠,宋君卿,卓越管理共同价值的探索:管理圣经《追求卓越》解读新视角,经济问题探索, 2008,(1):115-118.
[192]王文洪,共筑愿景:学习型组织的价值引力,哈尔滨市委党校学报, 2003,(6):73-74.
[193]托马斯·彼得斯等著,追求卓越,北京:中央编译出版社, 2004.
[194]戚晓曜,战略执行及其系统分析[D],天津:天津大学, 2005.
[195]尹新贵,基于资源配置的项目驱动型企业战略风险形成研究,中国市场, 2007,(48):64-65.
[196]焦军毅,我国项目驱动型企业的战略管理特点分析,商场现代化, 2007,(5X):82-83.
[197]焦军毅,顾永立,项目驱动型企业核心能力构成研究,中国市场, 2008,(27):104-105.
[198] (美)吉尔里A.拉姆勒,艾伦P.布拉奇,朱美琴,彭雅瑞译,绩效改进,北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:79-80.
[199]许国志,系统科学,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2001:17-23.
[200]范玉顺,李建强,企业集成与集成平台技术,北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:83-88.
[201] (美)加斯?塞隆纳,安德里?谢帕德,乔埃尔?波多尼,战略管理,北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:13.
[202]应可福,薛恒新,企业集团管理中的协同效应研究,华东经济管理, 2004,18(5):135-138.
[203]王琛,赵英军,刘涛,协同效应及其获取的方式与途径,企业改革与发展研究, 2004,127(10):47-50.
[204]胡大立,产业关联、产业协同与集群竞争优势的关联机理,管理学报, 2006,3(6):709-713,727
[205]吴绍艳,杜纲,基于CAS理论的企业动态能力构建机理研究,北京科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,21(4):108-111.
[206]张朝勇,王卓甫,项目群协同管理模型的构建及机理分析,科技进步与对策, 2008,25(2):49-52.
[207]李典谟,周立阳,协同进化——昆虫与植物的关系,昆虫知识, 1997,34(1): 45-49.
[208]曹先彬,罗文坚,王煦法,基于生态种群竞争模型的协同进化,软件学报, 2001,12 (4):556-562.
[209]谭跃进,邓宏钟,复杂适应系统理论及其应用研究,系统工程, 2001,(9):1-6.
[210]何丽红,景方等,复杂适应系统中合作与竞争关系的涌现,哈尔滨理工大学学报, 2003,8(4):75-78.
[211]乔菲,项目整合管理,北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[212]徐莉,赖一飞,程鸿群,项目管理,武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2003.
[213]陈劲,谢芳,贾丽娜,企业集团内部协同创新机理研究,管理学报, 2006,3(6):733-740.
[214]陈剑,冯蔚东,虚拟企业构建与管理,北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[215] Walker A. .Project management in construction, .London : Blackwell Science,1996.
[216] Sai-On Cheung, Henry C. H. Suen, Tsun-lp Lam. Fundamentals of alternative dispute resolution processes in construction , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2002,128(5):409-417.
[217]李军林,郭亚玲,理性、均衡与演进博弈论:一个关于博弈理论发展的综述,南开经济研究, 2000,(4):48-52.
[218]代江,项目驱动型企业业绩评价系统构建[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[219]沈丽宁,企业协同知识管理框架构建与策略研究,情报理论与实践, 2007,31(6): 833-836.
[220]杜娟,张李义,基于协同商务的知识管理研究,科技进步与对策, 2004,(2):118-120.
[221]焦军毅,顾永立,基于员工知识共享的项目驱动型企业人力资源管理对策,商场现代化, 2008,55(11):288-289.
[222]田锋,李人厚,顾新华,秦明,张金成,协同设计中人力资源、组织和知识管理的研究,系统工程理论与实践, 2003,(7):17-23.
[223]王建宇,面向知识管理的知识流程建模与改进方法研究[D].沈阳:东北大学, 2005.
[224]廖媛红,项目导向型组织的知识管理模型,科技管理研究, 2008,(1):196-198,202.
[225]钱亚东,顾新建,马军,王生发,陈芨熙,支持协同设计的知识管理研究,浙江大学学报(工学版), 2007,41(2):304-310.
[226]汤中彬,管理咨询服务的知识转移和知识整合模式研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2008
[227]吴洁,刘思峰,施琴芬,基于知识供应链的知识创新与转移模型研究,.科技进步与对策, 2006,(12):123-125.
[228]李海婴,周和荣,敏捷企业协同机理研究,中国科技论坛, 2004,3(5):38-42.
[229]伍晋明,矩阵组织结构下员工职位与薪酬动态管理,中国人力资源开发,2004,(3):67-68
[230]何曙光,齐二石,李莉,矩阵组织结构中的绩效评价问题研究,工业工程,2003,6(5):13-15
[231] http://www.ctisz.com.cn/browseInfo.asp?ID=2799&category=cgyl
[232] http://www.hroot.com/publish/html/10431.htm
[233] Stephen D.Bruning;John A.Ledingham, Relationships Between Organizations and Publics: Eevelopment of a Multi-Dimensional Organization-Public Relationship Scale, Public Relations Review,1999,25(2):157-170
[234]马士华,林勇,供应链管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[2] Fang J Q, Chen G. Some General Features of Complexity and Its Control and Anti-control Strategies. Proceedings on Sino-German Symposium on Complexity Science. Beijing,2000,October 17-18:163-172.
[3]成思危,冯芷艳,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 1999:1-8.
[4]成思危,复杂科学与系统工程,管理科学学报, 1999,12(2):1-6.
[5]戴汝为,关于“复杂性”的研究——一门21世纪的科学,科学前沿与未来,北京:科学出版社, 1998:182-207.
[6]陈宏民, 2004中国管理科学与工程发展报告,上海:上海三联书店, 2004: 332-345.
[7]齐庆祝,企业能力的维度、层次及层次演进研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2005.
[8]徐炜, 21世纪新环境下企业组织结构研究[D],北京:中国社会科学院研究生院, 2003.
[9]亚当?斯密,国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷),北京:商务印书馆, 1997:5.
[10]郑海航,企业组织学导论,北京:中国劳动出版社, 1991:39.
[11]丹尼尔? A ?雷恩,管理思想的演变,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:101-102.
[12] D.S.皮尤,组织理论精萃,北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990:3-4.
[13]丹尼尔? A ?雷恩,管理思想的演变,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:256-257.
[14] C. I.巴纳德,经理人员的职能,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1997:91.
[15] H?法约尔,工业管理与一般管理,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1982: 64-65.
[16]弗莱蒙特?E?卡斯特,詹姆斯?E?罗森茨韦克,组织与管理:系统方法与权变方法,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2000:135-143.
[17] Hery Mintzberg, The Structuring of Organization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,INC., 1979:63-64.
[18]波特,竞争优势,北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1998:34.
[19]迈克尔?哈默,詹姆斯?钱皮,改革公司——企业革命的宣言书,上海:上海译文出版社, 1998:29-30.
[20]胡晓清,中国建设现代企业制度的社会文化困扰,管理世界, 1998,3:108-119.
[21]仲伟周,黄丹,企业文化理论的兴衰演变及其启示[A],第四届两岸中华文化与经营管理学术研讨会论文集[C],北京:人民大学出版社, 2000.
[22]凌军平,浅谈如何建立和发展有中国特色的企业文化,科技情报开发与经济, 2006,2:173-174.
[23]赵东,构建和谐企业文化提升企业竞争的核心动力,商场现代化, 2006,4:234-235.
[24]沈琦,核心竞争力的企业文化支点,企业改革与管理, 2006,2:52-53.
[25]袁媛,王孟钧,基于核心竞争力的建筑企业文化建设,现代管理科学, 2006,3:78-79.
[26]秦颖,企业前进的源动力——企业文化再造,经济师, 2006,3:176,295.
[27]于风雨,企业文化与核心竞争力,商业经济, 2006,1:123-124,127.
[28]孙慧阳,论企业文化的本质及发展趋势,湖南商学院学报, 2007,1:43-45.
[29]李国强,周顺栋,对企业文化建设的几点思考,中国科技信息, 2005,22:83.
[30]王雪梅,赵立雨,管理心理学视角下的企业文化建设,内江科技, 2006,1:23.
[31] Project Management Institute Standards Committee. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Project Management Institute, USA :Pennsylvania, 2000.
[32]成虎.工程项目管理(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.
[33] Ped Love, A Gunasekaran and H. Li. Concurrent Engineering: A Strategy for Procuring Construction Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 1998.
[34] Robert Miles, Glenn Ballard. Contracting for Lean Performance:Contracts and the Lean Construction Team. IGLC-5 Proceedings, 1997.
[35] James P. Lewis,赤向东译.项目计划、进度与控制(第三版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[36]吴涛,丛培经.工程建设项目管理知识体系.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003.
[37] PMI Standards Committee. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Project Management Institute, 1996.
[38]中国项目管理研究委员会.中国项目管理知识体系与国际项目管理专业资质认证标准.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[39] G. Themistocleous, S. H. Wearne. Project Management Topic Coverage in Journals. International Journal of Project Management, 2000,(18):7-11.
[40] Diana White, Joyce Fortune. Current Practice in Project Management-An Empirical Study. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,(20):1-11.
[41] Terry Cooke-Davies. The“Real”Success Factors on Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,(20):185-190.
[42] Pinto, J. K, Prescott, J. Variations in Success Factors over the Stages in the Project Life Cycle. Journal of Management, 1988,14(1):5-18.
[43] Cameron. K. S, Whetten. D. Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness Over Organizational Life Cycles. A dminist rative Science Quarterly, 1981,26:525-544.
[44] Gobeli, D., Larson, W. Relative Effectiveness of Different Peoject Structure. Project Management Journal, 1987,18(2):81-85.
[45] Roderic J. Gray. Organisational Climate and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 2001,19:103-109.
[46] Robert Loo. Working Towards Best Practices in Project Management: A Canadian Study. International Journal of Project Management, 2002,20:93-98.
[47]林海凡等.项目管理的人员配置模型与算法.管理工程学报, 2000,10:17-19.
[48] Stephen P. Robbins. Management(4th ed.). Prentice Hall Inc. 1994.
[49]刘广珠.企业管理人员职业价值观调查研究.人类工效学, 2001,7(3):37-39.
[50]倪陈明,马剑虹.企业职工的工作价值观与组织行为关系分析.人类工效学, 2000,6(4):28-29.
[51]盛陬等.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社, 2001:64-66.
[52]刘大维.“工作”干预对下岗人员及其配偶影响的研究.中国科学院心理所博士论文, 1999:19-21.
[53] Karen A Jehn. A Qualitative Analysis of Conflict Types and Dimensions in Organizational Groups. A dminist rative Science Quarterly Ithaca, Mar. 1999.
[54] Lynn Crawford. Managing Projects-managing Knowledge: Sharing A Journey Towards Performance Improvement. Proceedings of World Project Management Week Conference, Cairns, 2000.
[55] Michiel Woldring. Team Resource Management in European Air Traffic Control. Air & Space Europe, 1999,1(1) .
[56]王淑红,龙立荣,绩效管理综述,中外管理导报, 2002,(9):40-41.
[57]付亚和,许玉林,绩效管理,上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003:63.
[58]理查德·威廉姆斯著,赵正斌,胡蓉译,业绩管理,大连:东北财经大学出版社, 1999.
[59]杨杰,方俐洛,凌文铨,关于绩效评估若干基本问题的思考,自然辩证法通讯, 2001,23(2):40-51.
[60] Spangenberg,H.H, A systems approach to performance appraisal in organizations. Paper presented at the 25th International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium,1992.
[61] Pamenter, Fred, Moving from appraisal to employee enhancement, Canadian Manager, 25(1):13.
[62] Fandray, Dayton.The new thinking in performance appraisal,Workforce, 2001,80(5):36.
[63]蔡永红,林崇德,绩效评估研究的现状及其反思,北京师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2001,(4):119-126.
[64] Bernardin,H., Betty, R W, Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work, Boston: Kent Publishers, 1984.
[65] O’Neill Jr., Robert J., Moving From Performance Measurement to Performance Management, Public Management (US), 2006,88(3):29-30.
[66] Van Scotter, James R., Relationships of Task Performance and Contextual Performance with Turnover, Job Satisfaction, and Affective Commitment, Human Resource Management Review, 2000,10(1):79-95.
[67] Prajogo, Daniel I., Sohal, Amrik S., The integration of TQM and technology/R&D management in determining quality and innovation performance, Omega, 2006, 34(3):296-312.
[68]付亚和,许玉林,绩效管理,上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003:70-71.
[69] Otley, David, Performance management: a framework for management control systems research,Management Accounting Research, 1999,10(4):363-382.
[70] Otley, David, Management control and performance management: whence and whither? British Accounting Review, 2003,35(4):309-326.
[71]王怀明,绩效管理,济南:山东人民出版社, 2003:1-3.
[72] Nilsson, Fredrik; Kald ,Magnus,Recent Advances in Performance Management: The Nordic Case, European Management Journal,2002,20(3):235-245.
[73] Rayton, Bruce A, Firm performance and compensation structure: performance elasticities of average employee compensation, Journal of Corporate Finance, 2003,9(3):333-352.
[74]徐红琳,绩效管理的理论研究,西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2005,26(2):158-160.
[75] Elliott, Simon, Coley-Smith, Helen. Building a new performance management model at BP Strategic Communication Management. 2005,8-9,9(5):24-29.
[76]梁梁,罗彪,王志强,基于战略的全绩效管理实施模型,科研管理, 2003,9,24(5):14-15.
[77]陈婷,吴相林,绩效管理中360度量化评估模型的研究,华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005,5,22(sup):129-130.
[78]齐二石,刘传铭,王玲,公共组织绩效管理综合评测模型及其应用,天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2004,4,6(2):150-153.
[79] Poister,Theodore H., ed al. Performance Measurement in Municipal Government:Assessing the State of the Practice , Public Administration Review, 1999,59(4):88-90.
[80]张志雄,刘红洲,试论绩效管理在公安装备财务工作中的应用,公安研究, 2006,1:57-60.
[81]张松,祝扬,聂哲等,医院绩效管理系统体系结构的研究与实践,中华医院管理杂志, 2005,10,21(10):709-711.
[82]陈俊龙,非营利组织的绩效管理——以中国青少年发展基金会和沪东教会为例[D],上海:复旦大学, 2002.
[83]吴建南,郭雯菁,绩效目标实现的因果分析:平衡计分卡在地方政府绩效管理中的应用,管理评论, 2004,16(6):22-27.
[84] Latham, Gary P.; Almost,Joan; Mann, Sara; New Developments in Performance management, Organizational Dynamics, 2005,34(1):77-87.
[85] Barlas,Stephen; Dowsett,Christopher; Verschoor, Curt, New Developments in Performance Management, Strategic Finance, 2002,83(10):19-20.
[86] Folan,Paul; Browne,Jim, A review of performance measurement: Towards performance management, Computers in Industry, 2005,56(7):663-680.
[87] JJORDAN, P JONES, Assessing your company’s knowledge management style, Journal of Long Range Planning, 1999,30(3):392-398.
[88] P ST HLE, Dynamic intellectual capital in global rapidly changing industries, Journal of Knowledge Management, 2002,6(2):177-189.
[89] D N RASTOGI, The nature and role of IC: rethinking the process and value creation and sustained enterprise growth, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2003,4(2):227-248.
[90] C K PRAHALAD, GHAMEL, The core competenceof the corporation, Harvard Business Review, 1990,5:79-91.
[91] SALLARD, CW HOLSAPPLE, Knowledge management as a key for e-business competitiveness: from the knowledge chain to KM audits, The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2002,42(5):19-25.
[92] V AMARTIN THATZAKIS, M LYCETT, RMACREDIE, Building the business/IT relationship through knowledge management, Journal of Information Technology Case and Applications, 2004, 6(2):27-47.
[93] B THURAISINGHAM, A GUPTA, EBERTINO, E FERRARI, Collaborative commerce and knowledge management, Knowledge and Process Management, 2002,9(1):43-53.
[94] (德)H.哈肯,徐锡申等译.协同学引论——物理学、化学和生物学中的非平衡相变和自组织.北京:原子能出版社, 1984.
[95]曾健,张一方.社会协同学.北京:科学出版社, 2000.
[96] (德)H.哈肯,郭治安译.高等协同学.北京:科学出版社, 1989.
[97]黄润荣,任光耀.耗散结构与协同学.贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 1988.
[98]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学——大自然构成的奥秘.上海:译文出版社, 1995.
[99] Cilliers, Paul, Complexityand Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems. New York: Routledge:7,1998.
[100] Weaver,Warren,Scienceand Complexity.Scientist, 1948,36(4):536-544.
[101] Cowan,G., D.Pines and D. Meltzer, Complexity: Metaphors,Models, and Reality. Addison-Wesley: 2, 1994.
[102] Simon, Herbert Alxander, the Sciences of the Artif icial ( Third edition),Cambridge (Massachusetts), 1996,The MITPress:169-170.
[103] Pagels, Heinz R., Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity, New York:Simon and Schuster, 1988,13.
[104]贝塔朗菲,林康义,魏宏森等译,一般系统论:基础、发展和应用,北京:清华大学出版社, 1987: 2.
[105]中国社会科学院情报研究所编译,科学学译文集,北京:科学出版社, 1981:323.
[106]苗东升,系统科学原理,北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990:384.
[107] E.拉兹洛,闵家胤译,系统哲学讲演集,北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1991:9.
[108]切克兰德,左晓斯等译,系统论的思想与实践,北京:华夏出版社, 1990:93.
[109] Manson, Steven M., Simplifying complexity: a review of complexity theory, Geoforum, 2001,32(3):405-414.
[110] Tainter, Joseph A., Social complexity and sustainability, Ecological Complexity, 2006,3(2):91-103.
[111]柴立和,复杂性科学的几大学派及其研究特点,现代物理知识, 2004,16(6):25-30.
[112] Femau, Henning, Nonterminal complexity of programmed grammars, Theoretical Computer Science, 2003,296(2):225-251.
[113] Marion, Russ, Uhl-Bien, Mary, Leadership in complex organizations, The Leadership in complex organizations, 2001,12(4):389-418.
[114] Cuccia, Andrew D., Cames, Gregory A., A closer look at the relation between tax complexity and tax equity perceptions, Journal of Economic Psychology, 2001,22(2):113-140.
[115] Meidl, Wilfried, Enumeration results on linear complexity profiles and lattice profiles, Journal of Complexity, 2006,22(2):275-286.
[116] Kacewicz, Boleslaw, Improved bounds on the randomized and quantum complexity of initial-value problems, Journal of Complexity, 2006,21(5):740-756.
[117] Buhrman, Harry, de Wolf, Ronald, Complexity measures and decision tree complexity: a survey, Theoretical Computer Science,2002,288(1):21-43.
[118] Meidl, Wilfried, Niederreiter, Harald, The expected value of the joint linear complexity of periodic multisequences, Journal of Complexity, 2003,19(1):61-72.
[119] Stephen Sheard, Complexity Theory and Continental Philosophy 2:A Hermeneutical Theory of Complexity, Emergence: Complexity and organization,2006,8(1):20-30.
[120] Vyugin, Michael V., V’yugin, Vladimir V., Predictive complexity and information, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 2005,70(4):539-554.
[121] Torres, M.E., Gamero, L.G., Relative complexity changes in time series using information measures,Physica A, 2000,286(3-4):457-473.
[122]张健,复杂性科学几个新兴的应用研究方向,复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2004,7,1(3):33-40.
[123]宋学锋,系统复杂性的度量方法,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:57-69.
[124]曹庆仁,杨梅,宋学锋,基于复杂性科学的企业创新与管理,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:156-163.
[125]于景元,刘毅,马昌超,关于复杂性研究,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:305-320.
[126]刘洪,姚立,复杂适应组织管理的策略,复杂性科学研究进展(全国第一、二届复杂性科学与学术研讨会论文集),北京:科学出版社, 2004:433-441.
[127]宋学锋,复杂性科学研究现状与展望, 2004中国管理科学与工程发展报告,上海:上海三联出版社, 2005:332-345.
[128]戴汝为,复杂科学性有关的几个问题,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:32-45.
[129]张焘,复杂性研究——当代科学重大变革的重要标志,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:45-59.
[130]于景元,系统科学与复杂性研究,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:59-72.
[131]方福康,复杂经济系统的演化分析,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:72-81.
[132]王浣尘,螺旋式演进与社会经济系统,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:81-89.
[133]朱民,从均衡到混沌的探索,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:89-104.
[134]宋学锋,深沪证券市场股价波动的混沌度及其调控方法,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:104-114.
[135]康立山,演化计算与复杂性科学,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:200-212.
[136]涂序彦,复杂系统的“协调控制论”,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:212-227.
[137]张永光,复杂性科学与人工生命,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:227-246.
[138]葛家理,“现代石油工业经营管理”的复杂系统学,复杂性科学探索,北京:民主与建设出版社, 2000:246-257.
[139]赵光武,用还原论与整体论相结合的方法探索复杂性,系统辩证学学报, 2003,1,11(1):1-2.
[140]苗东升,系统科学是关于整体涌现性的科学,系统科学与工程研究,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2000:167.
[141] M.邦格,科学的唯物主义,郑毓信,张相轮译,上海:上海译文出版社, 1989:27.
[142] [美]米歇尔·沃尔德罗普,复杂——诞生于秩序与混沌边缘的科学,陈玲译,山东:三联书店, 1999.
[143] Yaneer Bar-Yam, Complexity Rising: From Human Beings to Human Civilization, a Complexity Profile, EOLSS Publishers.2002.5-21.
[144]张忠维,涌现及其内在机理初探[硕士学位论文],广州:华南师范大学, 2002.
[145]刘洪,涌现与组织管理,研究与发展管理, 2002,14(4):40-45.
[146] (美)约翰·霍兰,陈禹译,涌现——从混沌到有序,上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2001:137-142.
[147]杨海军,进化计算中的模式理论、涌现及应用研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2003:77-90.
[148]马龙,柳少军,组织决策过程及其涌现性研究,系统仿真学报, 2003,15(2):1687.
[149]崔霞,戴汝为,李耀东,群体智慧在综合集成研讨厅体系中的涌现,系统仿真学报, 2003,1,15(1):146.
[150]唐方成,马骏,席酉民,和谐管理的耦合机制及其复杂性的涌现,系统工程理论与实践, 2004,11,11:68-69.
[151]贾良定,交易分工经济的涌现及其自组织机制研究,预测, 2001,1:11.
[152]刘洪,涌现与组织管理,研究与发展管理, 2002,8,14(4):40-45.
[153]周健,正反馈:复杂系统中“涌现”的动力学机制初探,中国管理科学(增刊), 2001,10(9):197-204.
[154]张君弟,论复杂适应系统涌现的受限生成过程,系统辩证学学报, 2005,4,13(2):44-48.
[155]苗东升,系统科学是关于整体涌现性的科学,系统科学与工程研究,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2001:166-181.
[156]苗东升,论系统思维(六):重在把握系统的整体涌现性,系统科学学报, 2006,1,14(1):1.
[157]范东萍,“元系统跃迁”与系统涌现性,系统辩证学学报, 2003,11(3):29-32.
[158] Timothy John Tobin, Organizational Identity Formation Processes During a Strategic Organizational Alliance, Ph.D., The George Washington University, 2002.
[159] Eun Jung Kim, Design and Analysis of High Performance and Energy Efficient Cluster Interconnects, Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University, 2003.
[160] Soonwook Hwang, Grid Workflow: A Flexible Framework for Fault Tolerance in the Grid, Ph.D., University of Southern California, 2003.
[161] Daniel L. Blair, Statistical Analysis of Granular Gases, Pattern Formation, and Crumpling Through Real Space Imaging, Ph.D., Clark University, Worcester, 2004.
[162]李灵,电子商务项目的协同管理研究[D],天津:天津大学, 2004.
[163] Godart Claude, Molli Pascal, Oster Gérald, The Toxic Farm Integrated Cooperation Framework for Virtual Teams, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 2004,15(1):67-88.
[164] Lui Steven S., Lu, Yuan, Managing the Inter-Firm Cooperation Process & Colon; Exploratory Case Studies of Hong Kong Architects and Contractors, Asia Pacific Journal of management, 2002,19(4):503-523.
[165] Lindenberg Siegwart, It takes both trust and lack of mistrust: The workings of cooperation and relational signaling in contractual relationships, Journal of management and Governance, 2000,4(1-2):11-33.
[166] Zahn G. Lawrence, Wolf Gerrit, Coordination and cooperation in Dyadic Relationships, Computation & Mathematical Organization Theory, 19698,3(4):249-265.
[167] Xiao Tiaojun, YU Gang, Sheng Zhaohan, Coordination of a supply chain with one-manufacturer and two-retailers under demand promotion and disruption management decisions, Annals of Operations Research, 2005,135(1):87-109.
[168] Kyle Bagwell, Garey Ramey, Coordination Economies, Advertising, and Search Behavior in Retail Markets, International Journal of Value-Based management, 2003,16(1):67-73.
[169] Haken H., Synergetics an introduction, 3rd Springer Berlin, 1983:10-52.
[170] Jackson M.C, Systems methodology for the management sciences, Plenum Press, 1991:1-20.
[171] Frehland E., Synergetics-from microscopic to macroscopic order, 1974:30-51.
[172] Campbell A.,Luchs K.S.著,任通海,龙大伟译,战略协同,北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[173] Jonathan Grudin, Computer-supported cooperative work:history and focus, IEEE Computer, 1994,27(5):19-26.
[174] James D. Palmer, N. Ann Fidlds,Computer-supported cooperative work, IEEE Computer, 1994,27(5):15-17.
[175] Kim Hee-Woong, Modeling Inter- and Intra-Organizational coordination in Electronic Commerce Deployments, Information Technology and management, 2001,2(3):335-354.
[176] Kim Hee-Woong, Business Process Versus coordination process in Organizational Change, International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2000,12(4):275-290.
[177] Bardram Jakob E., Temporal coordination-on Time and coordination of Collaborative Activities at a Surgical Department, Computer Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW), 2000,9(2):157-187.
[178] Clark Theodore H., Lee Ho Guen, Performance, interdependence and coordination in business & dash; to & dash; business electronic commerce and supply chain management, Information Technology and management, 2000,1(1-2):85-105.
[179] Nelson Kay M., Armstrong Deb, Buche Mari, Evaluating the CMM Level 3 KPA of Intergroup coordination & colon; A theory & dash; based approach, Information Technology and Management; 2000,1(3):171-181.
[180] Liu Jyi-Shane, Sycara Katia P., Coordination of multiple agents for production management, Annals of Operations Research, 1997,75(1):235-289.
[181]潘开灵,白列湖,管理协同机制研究,系统科学学报, 2006,1,14(1):45-48.
[182]陈剑辉,基于多智能代理决策系统的建设项目协同管理问题研究,广东电力, 2005,4,18(4):12.
[183]吴鹏,苏新宁,邓三鸿等,知识管理系统中的智力协同框架,研究与发展管理, 2005,4,17(2):20.
[184]刘明周,李军鹏,张铭鑫等,基于协同管理模式的企业员工招聘模型研究,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,5,28(5):550.
[185]杨宁,宫会丽,丁香乾,机械工业售后服务协同管理平台研究,中国制造业信息化, 2004,1,33(1):79.
[186]王朝群,管理会计在项目驱动型组织中的关注重点,价值工程,2005,24(10):87-89.
[187]尹新贵,基于项目管理能力的项目驱动型企业战略风险形成研究,中国市场, 2007,(44):96-97.
[188]顾春景,企业组织结构发展概述,沿海企业与科技, 2006,(2):46-48.
[189]林润辉,李维安.网络组织——更具环境适应能力的新型组织模式,南开管理评论, 2000, (3):4-7
[190]朱礼龙,周德群,网络组织模式及其演化机理研究,现代经济探讨, 2007,(8):90-92.
[191]齐善鸿,王鉴忠,宋君卿,卓越管理共同价值的探索:管理圣经《追求卓越》解读新视角,经济问题探索, 2008,(1):115-118.
[192]王文洪,共筑愿景:学习型组织的价值引力,哈尔滨市委党校学报, 2003,(6):73-74.
[193]托马斯·彼得斯等著,追求卓越,北京:中央编译出版社, 2004.
[194]戚晓曜,战略执行及其系统分析[D],天津:天津大学, 2005.
[195]尹新贵,基于资源配置的项目驱动型企业战略风险形成研究,中国市场, 2007,(48):64-65.
[196]焦军毅,我国项目驱动型企业的战略管理特点分析,商场现代化, 2007,(5X):82-83.
[197]焦军毅,顾永立,项目驱动型企业核心能力构成研究,中国市场, 2008,(27):104-105.
[198] (美)吉尔里A.拉姆勒,艾伦P.布拉奇,朱美琴,彭雅瑞译,绩效改进,北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:79-80.
[199]许国志,系统科学,上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2001:17-23.
[200]范玉顺,李建强,企业集成与集成平台技术,北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:83-88.
[201] (美)加斯?塞隆纳,安德里?谢帕德,乔埃尔?波多尼,战略管理,北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:13.
[202]应可福,薛恒新,企业集团管理中的协同效应研究,华东经济管理, 2004,18(5):135-138.
[203]王琛,赵英军,刘涛,协同效应及其获取的方式与途径,企业改革与发展研究, 2004,127(10):47-50.
[204]胡大立,产业关联、产业协同与集群竞争优势的关联机理,管理学报, 2006,3(6):709-713,727
[205]吴绍艳,杜纲,基于CAS理论的企业动态能力构建机理研究,北京科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,21(4):108-111.
[206]张朝勇,王卓甫,项目群协同管理模型的构建及机理分析,科技进步与对策, 2008,25(2):49-52.
[207]李典谟,周立阳,协同进化——昆虫与植物的关系,昆虫知识, 1997,34(1): 45-49.
[208]曹先彬,罗文坚,王煦法,基于生态种群竞争模型的协同进化,软件学报, 2001,12 (4):556-562.
[209]谭跃进,邓宏钟,复杂适应系统理论及其应用研究,系统工程, 2001,(9):1-6.
[210]何丽红,景方等,复杂适应系统中合作与竞争关系的涌现,哈尔滨理工大学学报, 2003,8(4):75-78.
[211]乔菲,项目整合管理,北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[212]徐莉,赖一飞,程鸿群,项目管理,武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2003.
[213]陈劲,谢芳,贾丽娜,企业集团内部协同创新机理研究,管理学报, 2006,3(6):733-740.
[214]陈剑,冯蔚东,虚拟企业构建与管理,北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
[215] Walker A. .Project management in construction, .London : Blackwell Science,1996.
[216] Sai-On Cheung, Henry C. H. Suen, Tsun-lp Lam. Fundamentals of alternative dispute resolution processes in construction , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2002,128(5):409-417.
[217]李军林,郭亚玲,理性、均衡与演进博弈论:一个关于博弈理论发展的综述,南开经济研究, 2000,(4):48-52.
[218]代江,项目驱动型企业业绩评价系统构建[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[219]沈丽宁,企业协同知识管理框架构建与策略研究,情报理论与实践, 2007,31(6): 833-836.
[220]杜娟,张李义,基于协同商务的知识管理研究,科技进步与对策, 2004,(2):118-120.
[221]焦军毅,顾永立,基于员工知识共享的项目驱动型企业人力资源管理对策,商场现代化, 2008,55(11):288-289.
[222]田锋,李人厚,顾新华,秦明,张金成,协同设计中人力资源、组织和知识管理的研究,系统工程理论与实践, 2003,(7):17-23.
[223]王建宇,面向知识管理的知识流程建模与改进方法研究[D].沈阳:东北大学, 2005.
[224]廖媛红,项目导向型组织的知识管理模型,科技管理研究, 2008,(1):196-198,202.
[225]钱亚东,顾新建,马军,王生发,陈芨熙,支持协同设计的知识管理研究,浙江大学学报(工学版), 2007,41(2):304-310.
[226]汤中彬,管理咨询服务的知识转移和知识整合模式研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2008
[227]吴洁,刘思峰,施琴芬,基于知识供应链的知识创新与转移模型研究,.科技进步与对策, 2006,(12):123-125.
[228]李海婴,周和荣,敏捷企业协同机理研究,中国科技论坛, 2004,3(5):38-42.
[229]伍晋明,矩阵组织结构下员工职位与薪酬动态管理,中国人力资源开发,2004,(3):67-68
[230]何曙光,齐二石,李莉,矩阵组织结构中的绩效评价问题研究,工业工程,2003,6(5):13-15
[231] http://www.ctisz.com.cn/browseInfo.asp?ID=2799&category=cgyl
[232] http://www.hroot.com/publish/html/10431.htm
[233] Stephen D.Bruning;John A.Ledingham, Relationships Between Organizations and Publics: Eevelopment of a Multi-Dimensional Organization-Public Relationship Scale, Public Relations Review,1999,25(2):157-170
[234]马士华,林勇,供应链管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |