酒竹的基础生物学特性研究
|
摘要
酒竹(Oxytenanthera braunii Pilger ap. Engler),以其分泌出天然的营养丰富的伤流液、后经自然发酵可形成一定酒精度的营养液而闻名于世。本文对酒竹这一重要经济竹种的引种、形态解剖、成分分析、生理生态和扦插组培等工作做了详细的研究,为收集种质和培育特种竹种提供了基础资料。
酒竹可作为优质纸张的纸浆原料；覆膜栽培可以提早出笋时间和提高笋的质量,如促进矿质元素的吸收及提高蛋白质、总糖、粗纤维和多种氨基酸含量等；酒竹竹叶营养成分丰富,故其作为天然保健食品开发前景良好。覆膜可以提高雨季前移栽酒竹林土壤的水分含量,加快根鞭系伤口的愈合和新根产生；可以提高冬季土壤平均温度,同时,促进枝叶数量有不同程度的提高,冠幅面积增加。
对钩梢带篼移栽母株枝叶数量分布和酒竹笋的个体生长发育的可塑性规律进行研究。结果表明：去除顶端优势并经过一年多恢复生长的酒竹,其各枝盘的枝和叶片数量分别与枝盘号存在着乘幂关系；钩梢后的酒竹植株自身具备补偿作用,钩梢后剩余留枝盘数与累积枝、叶片数量占完整植株枝、叶片数量百分比的关系可以用二次函数来表达；枝和叶片数量的密度分布函数可直接运用Weibull和Gamma概率密度函数进行拟合。酒竹出笋量动态和高生长曲线呈“S”形。
酒竹是喜光物种,酒竹的光合功能在雨季前和雨季表现出了较大的差异性：雨季前,受到阳光直射的东南向叶片出现午休现象,但是西北向叶片在中午却避免了最大有效光辐射,而在雨季则为单峰；中度和重度水平的氮磷钾平衡施肥具有明显促进酒竹生长的作用,轻度施肥略有效果但不明显。一年生茎秆和当年生一级枝的生根率分别小于二年生茎秆和一年生一级枝,ABT处理可以提高二年生茎秆和一年生一级枝的生根率,河沙+10%蛭石的扦插床亦可提高生根率,元江试验结果明显低于墨江
Wine bamboo, Oxytenanthera braunii Pilger ap. Engler, is an important natural resource in the world. The variation characteristics of the anatomical properties of different ages and positions of culm were studied in terms of vascular bundle morphology, fiber morphology and tissue measurement. Anatomical observations showed that the roots were composed of the epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. The rhizome and stem were consisted of the epidermis, cortex, elementary tissue and vascular bundle.
This research aimed at the fiber structure of O. braunii at different ages and sections. The purpose was to provide theoretical base for directive breeding method through analyzing fibers' morphological parameters. In conclusion, all indicators showed that O. braunii could be used as a good resource for pulp making. The results showed that plastic film mulching could proceed in time of shoot germination and enhance the shoot quality such as improving absorbability of trace element, increasing content of protein, sugar, coarse fiber and majority of amino acid. Synthetically, short time of plastic film mulching showed one method to provide the necessary soil water and mean temperature and do good for development and soil quality though winter. And also, theoretical support for species protection and rational application was provided through analyzing the nutrient elements and components of stump, culm, branch and leaf. Leaf of Wine bamboo had richer nutrients, so there were good prospects for its development and cultivation as a kind of natural healthy food products.
Individual-based model was used to delineate and capture the essence of the shoot growth system well enough addressing specific characteristics of parameters about the system. Results showed that power function could be used to set up the relationship between leaf number and node number, which was the same as branch number after obtruncating. Compensation effect of mother individuals after transplanting was important for wine bamboo adapting to the semi-arid area in southwest china. The quadratic function could be used to express the relationship between the number of residual nodes with branch. The percentage of branch number contributing to the total number of the individual without obtruncating was also shown by the percentage of leaf number. The probability distribution function such as Weibull and Gamma were used to simulate the distribution of branch and leaf number on each culm node after obtruncating and transplanting with stump. Results indicated that distribution curve was successfully simulated. Weibull and Gamma functions gave the best answer compared with normal distribution. So humidity was the main ecological factor influencing the growth of bamboo shoots. Understanding the advantage of plasticity response and its limits is of critical importance for numerous issues in ecology and evolution for O. braunii.
Individual physiological response to complex environments was a major factor in the ecological breadth of species. The effects of different fertilizer levels on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of O. braunii were preliminarily explored in order to provide basis for proper application of compound fertilizer for its plantation in southwest china. Results showed that the modules such as leaf, branch and lateral root all behaved correspondingly to fertilizer levels, which were indicated by crown, individual height, basal diameter, diameter of breast height (DBH), maximum leaf length, total leaf area, maximum branch length, maximum length of lateral root, root radius, specific leaf area (SLA) and the modules' biomass respectively. And the semi-destructive method of growth analysis accorded with the research requirements for valuable and endangered species.
A series of comparative culm burying and branch cuttage propagation experiments of O. braunii is conducted in different culture substrata and seasons with various portions of shoots. It is concluded that culm burying and branch cuttage can raise the general capability of O. braunii in Southwest China and the most suitable environment for O. braunii planting is in the middle-high mountain area.
A high-efficiency in vitro propagation method was developed for O. braunii. Bud from lateral and healthy growing secondary branches was used for explants. The BA/NAA mixture ratio at 4:1 provided the best induction result, which was 81.3±8.2%. The influence of thidiazuron (TDZ) variation on rooting was examined as well.
This paper also was to provide the data of transplant and technique of living throw the winter such as plastic film mulching. The results showed that plastic film mulching could provide the necessary water and meanwhile help the root system heal up its wound after being transplanted. Furthermore, plastic film mulching could improve the mean temperature of soil and the number of leaf and branch at the sixth and ninth node. And then, the crown expanded. Straw mulch could also do a certain effect which was inefficient than plastic film mulching. Ammonia-N was unchangeable, and on the contrary, nitrate-N was variable irregularly throw the winter. Plastic film mulching was one of the important techniques in planting O. braunii.
酒竹可作为优质纸张的纸浆原料；覆膜栽培可以提早出笋时间和提高笋的质量,如促进矿质元素的吸收及提高蛋白质、总糖、粗纤维和多种氨基酸含量等；酒竹竹叶营养成分丰富,故其作为天然保健食品开发前景良好。覆膜可以提高雨季前移栽酒竹林土壤的水分含量,加快根鞭系伤口的愈合和新根产生；可以提高冬季土壤平均温度,同时,促进枝叶数量有不同程度的提高,冠幅面积增加。
对钩梢带篼移栽母株枝叶数量分布和酒竹笋的个体生长发育的可塑性规律进行研究。结果表明：去除顶端优势并经过一年多恢复生长的酒竹,其各枝盘的枝和叶片数量分别与枝盘号存在着乘幂关系；钩梢后的酒竹植株自身具备补偿作用,钩梢后剩余留枝盘数与累积枝、叶片数量占完整植株枝、叶片数量百分比的关系可以用二次函数来表达；枝和叶片数量的密度分布函数可直接运用Weibull和Gamma概率密度函数进行拟合。酒竹出笋量动态和高生长曲线呈“S”形。
酒竹是喜光物种,酒竹的光合功能在雨季前和雨季表现出了较大的差异性：雨季前,受到阳光直射的东南向叶片出现午休现象,但是西北向叶片在中午却避免了最大有效光辐射,而在雨季则为单峰；中度和重度水平的氮磷钾平衡施肥具有明显促进酒竹生长的作用,轻度施肥略有效果但不明显。一年生茎秆和当年生一级枝的生根率分别小于二年生茎秆和一年生一级枝,ABT处理可以提高二年生茎秆和一年生一级枝的生根率,河沙+10%蛭石的扦插床亦可提高生根率,元江试验结果明显低于墨江
Wine bamboo, Oxytenanthera braunii Pilger ap. Engler, is an important natural resource in the world. The variation characteristics of the anatomical properties of different ages and positions of culm were studied in terms of vascular bundle morphology, fiber morphology and tissue measurement. Anatomical observations showed that the roots were composed of the epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. The rhizome and stem were consisted of the epidermis, cortex, elementary tissue and vascular bundle.
This research aimed at the fiber structure of O. braunii at different ages and sections. The purpose was to provide theoretical base for directive breeding method through analyzing fibers' morphological parameters. In conclusion, all indicators showed that O. braunii could be used as a good resource for pulp making. The results showed that plastic film mulching could proceed in time of shoot germination and enhance the shoot quality such as improving absorbability of trace element, increasing content of protein, sugar, coarse fiber and majority of amino acid. Synthetically, short time of plastic film mulching showed one method to provide the necessary soil water and mean temperature and do good for development and soil quality though winter. And also, theoretical support for species protection and rational application was provided through analyzing the nutrient elements and components of stump, culm, branch and leaf. Leaf of Wine bamboo had richer nutrients, so there were good prospects for its development and cultivation as a kind of natural healthy food products.
Individual-based model was used to delineate and capture the essence of the shoot growth system well enough addressing specific characteristics of parameters about the system. Results showed that power function could be used to set up the relationship between leaf number and node number, which was the same as branch number after obtruncating. Compensation effect of mother individuals after transplanting was important for wine bamboo adapting to the semi-arid area in southwest china. The quadratic function could be used to express the relationship between the number of residual nodes with branch. The percentage of branch number contributing to the total number of the individual without obtruncating was also shown by the percentage of leaf number. The probability distribution function such as Weibull and Gamma were used to simulate the distribution of branch and leaf number on each culm node after obtruncating and transplanting with stump. Results indicated that distribution curve was successfully simulated. Weibull and Gamma functions gave the best answer compared with normal distribution. So humidity was the main ecological factor influencing the growth of bamboo shoots. Understanding the advantage of plasticity response and its limits is of critical importance for numerous issues in ecology and evolution for O. braunii.
Individual physiological response to complex environments was a major factor in the ecological breadth of species. The effects of different fertilizer levels on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of O. braunii were preliminarily explored in order to provide basis for proper application of compound fertilizer for its plantation in southwest china. Results showed that the modules such as leaf, branch and lateral root all behaved correspondingly to fertilizer levels, which were indicated by crown, individual height, basal diameter, diameter of breast height (DBH), maximum leaf length, total leaf area, maximum branch length, maximum length of lateral root, root radius, specific leaf area (SLA) and the modules' biomass respectively. And the semi-destructive method of growth analysis accorded with the research requirements for valuable and endangered species.
A series of comparative culm burying and branch cuttage propagation experiments of O. braunii is conducted in different culture substrata and seasons with various portions of shoots. It is concluded that culm burying and branch cuttage can raise the general capability of O. braunii in Southwest China and the most suitable environment for O. braunii planting is in the middle-high mountain area.
A high-efficiency in vitro propagation method was developed for O. braunii. Bud from lateral and healthy growing secondary branches was used for explants. The BA/NAA mixture ratio at 4:1 provided the best induction result, which was 81.3±8.2%. The influence of thidiazuron (TDZ) variation on rooting was examined as well.
This paper also was to provide the data of transplant and technique of living throw the winter such as plastic film mulching. The results showed that plastic film mulching could provide the necessary water and meanwhile help the root system heal up its wound after being transplanted. Furthermore, plastic film mulching could improve the mean temperature of soil and the number of leaf and branch at the sixth and ninth node. And then, the crown expanded. Straw mulch could also do a certain effect which was inefficient than plastic film mulching. Ammonia-N was unchangeable, and on the contrary, nitrate-N was variable irregularly throw the winter. Plastic film mulching was one of the important techniques in planting O. braunii.
引文
蔡亮,张瑞霖,李春福,等.2003.基于竹鞭状态分析的抑制毛竹林扩散的方法.东北林业大学学报,31(5)：68-70
蔡志全,蔡传涛,齐欣,等.2004.施肥小粒咖啡生长、光合特性和产量的影响.应用生态学报,15(9)：1561-1564
曹群根,罗佩韬.1996.毛竹林凋落叶分解过程中土壤微生物学特性的研究.竹子研究汇刊,15(3)：58-66
陈守良,金岳杏.1986.中国竹类叶片微形态的研究(之一).竹子研究汇刊,5(1)：67-76
陈松河.2007.10种园林竹类植物出笋及幼竹高生长节律.东北林业大学学报,35(11)：11-26
陈玉惠,刘翠,王文久.1998.云南12种食用竹笋营养成分研究.天然产物研究与开发,10(1)：25-30
崔党群.2005Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验.数理统计与管理,24(1)：112-115
丁雨龙,Liese W.1995.竹节解剖构造的研究.竹子研究汇刊,14(1)：24-32
丁雨龙,樊汝文,黄金生.2000.竹子节部“韧皮部节”的发育与超微结构.植物学报,42(10)：1009-1013.
丁雨龙, 赵奇僧.1994.竹叶结构的比较解剖及其对系统分类的评价.南京林业大学学报,18(3)：1-6
杜凡,赵晓惠.等.2001.巨龙竹的变异及其引种区划的研究.竹子研究汇刊,20(1)：19-26
杜天真,杨光耀,郭起荣,等.1997.厚皮毛竹春笋营养成分研究.江西林业科技, (6)：1-2
范亚宁,李世清,李生秀.2008.半湿润地区农田夏玉米氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮动态变化.应用生态学报,799-806
范泽鑫,曹坤芬,邹寿青.2005.云南哀牢山6种常绿阔叶树木质部解剖特征的轴向和径向变化.植物生态学报,29(6)：968-975
方伟,钱领元,李和达.部分国产竹材的比较解剖研究.竹类研究,1989,4：1-11
龚春梅,宁蓬勃,王根轩,等.C3和CA植物光合途径的适应性变化和进化.植物生态学报,2009,33(1)：206-221
顾小平,王永锡.1989.几种竹笋单宁含量的分析比较.林业科学研究,2(1)：98-99
关维刚,周建斌,董放.等.2007.旱地不同栽培模式下土壤水分和矿质氮含量的时空变化.干旱地区农业研究,25(3)：51-57
何汉杏,葛汉栋,庄昌盛.2001.张家界市漩水林场毛竹林水文生态效益初步研究Ⅰ.生态效益计量.中南林学院学报,21(4)：11-15
何奇江,童晓青,叶华琳,等.2007.辣韭矢竹的出笋及幼竹生长节律.林业科学,43(6)：143-145
何奇江,汪奎宏,华锡奇.不同产量类型雷竹林的激素、氨基酸及营养成分分析研究.竹子研究汇刊,2007,26(2)：34-39
黄成林,姚玉敏,赵昌恒.2004.安徽休宁倭竹竹叶主要营养成分的研究.竹子研究汇刊,23(3)：42-46
黄成林,杨永峰.2006.苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究.竹子研究汇刊,25(3)：32-37
黄璜.1998.水稻穗颈节间组织与颖花数的关系.作物学报,24(2)：193-200.
黄建辉,陈灵芝.1991.北京百花山附近杂灌丛的化学元素含量特征.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(3)：224-233
江心,李乾.1982.四川竹类维管束的初步研究(一).竹类研究,1：17-21
姜培坤,俞益武.2000.雷竹叶营养元素含量与土壤养分的关系.浙江林学院学报,17(4)：360-363
蒋有绪.2002.忆森林生态研究进展之一二憾事.中国林业,1：23-25
李伟成,陈岩,钟哲科,等.2008.覆膜对酒竹干旱季节移栽和越冬的影响.竹子研究汇刊,27(3)：27-30
李伟成,葛滢,盛海燕,等.2004.濒危植物明党参种群生存过程研究.生态学报,24(6)：1137-1143
李伟成,盛碧云,王树东.等.2007.毛竹种子萌发对温度和光照的响应.竹子研究汇刊,26(4)：26-29
李伟成,盛海燕,潘伯荣,等.2006.3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性.林业科学,42(5)：11-16
李伟成,盛海燕,钟哲科.2006.竹林生态系统及其长期定位观测研究的重要性.林业科学,42(8)：95-101
李正才,傅懋毅,谢锦忠,等.2003.毛竹竹阔混交林群落地力保持研究.竹子研究汇刊,22(1)：32-37
刘力,林新春,金爱武.等.2004.苦竹各器官营养元素分析,浙江林学院学报,21(2)：172-175
刘桂华,李宏开.2002.檫树毛竹混交林中毛竹鞭根的研究.应用生态学报,13(4)：385-389
刘铭,吴良欢,路兴花.2004.覆膜旱作对稻田土壤有效Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量的影响.浙江大学学报：农业与生命科学版,30(6)：646-649
刘耀荣.1990.毛竹笋期的营养动态.林业科学研究,3(4)：363-367
楼一平,盛纬彤,萧江华.1999.我国毛竹林长期立地生产力研究问题的评述.林业科学研究,12(2)：172-178
马灵飞,韩红,马乃训.1993.部分散生竹材纤维形态及主要理化性能.浙江林学院学报,10(4)：361-367
马乃训.1989.我国的竹类科学研究.竹子研究汇刊,8(1)：76-83.
潘瑞炽,王小青,李娘辉.2008.植物生理学(第六版).高等教育出版社,28-56
邱尔发,洪伟,郑郁善,等.2005.麻竹山地林配方施肥及生长调节剂对竹笋产量影响.林业科学,41(6)：78-84
邱永华,邵小根,张发根,等.1999.水竹笋物理性状和营养成分分析.浙江林学院学报,16(2)：200-202
任海青,刘杏娥,江泽慧.2006.栽植密度对小黑杨人工林木材解剖特性的影响.林业科学研究,19(3)：364-369
邵玲,李玲,梁广坚.2003.S3307与生根粉混合施用对云南甜竹插条中水分含量、光合产物分配和生根的影响.植物生理学通讯,39(3)：219-221
盛海燕,李伟成,葛滢.2006.明党参幼苗存活与生长对光照强度的响应.应用生态学报,17(5)：1423-1428
王波,丁雨龙,汪奎宏,等.2008.铺地竹叶饲用价值的评定.林业科技开发,22(3)：58-60
王朝晖.2001.竹材材性变异规律及其与加工利用关系.中国林业科学研究院博士论文,36-51
王树东,李伟成,钟哲科,等.2008.特用竹种——酒竹的引种繁育初报.竹子研究汇刊,27(3)：27-32
王树东,中国竹业的发展与全面创新,竹子研究汇刊,2004,23(1)：6-8
王曰玮,项斯端,陈启瑺.1986.西天目山南坡森林植被探讨.杭州大学学报,13：26-42
王云琦,王玉杰,张洪江.2004.重庆缙云山几种典型植被枯落物水文特性研究.水土保持学报,18(3)：41-44
王照兰,杨持,杜建材,等.2009.不同生态型扁蓿豆光合特性和光适应能力.生态学杂志,28(6)1035-1040
温太辉,周文伟.1985.中国竹类维管束解剖形态的研究初报(之二).竹子研究汇刊,4(1)：281-37
温太辉,周文伟.1981.中国竹类维管束解剖形态的研究初报(之一).竹子研究汇刊,3(1)：1-21
邬义明.1997.植物纤维化学.中国轻工业出版社,70-74
吴家森,周国模,徐秋芳.等.2005.不同年份毛竹营养元素的空间分布及与土壤养分的关系.林业科学,41(3)：171-173
夏玉芳,曾静.1996.料慈竹不同年龄纤维形态的研究.竹子研究汇刊,15(1)：45-51
萧江华.2001.重视发挥竹林的生态功能效益.林业经济,1：31-34
熊文愈,丁祖福,李又芬.1980.竹类植物的居间分生组织与节间生长.林业科学,16(2)：81-89.
熊文愈,乔士义,李又芬.1980.毛竹杆茎的解剖构造.植物学报,22(4)：343-348.
徐秋芳,叶正钱,姜培坤.2003.雷竹笋营养元素含量及其与土壤养分的关系.浙江林学院学报,20(2)：115-118
徐正进,陈温福,曹洪任,等.1998.水稻穗颈维管束数与穗部性状关系的研究.作物学报,24(1)：47-54
许大全.2002.光合作用效率.上海科学技术出版社,2-52
腰希申, 梁景森, 麻左力.等.1987.竹材表皮细胞观察.竹子研究汇刊,6(3)：38-48
张大勇.2004.植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学.科学出版社,201-212
张守仁.1999.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论.植物学通报16(4)：444-448
郑蓉,郑维鹏,黄勇,等.2004.不同地理种源的麻竹笋-幼竹生长规律的研究.竹子研究汇刊,23(4)：17-24
郑成洋,何建源,罗春茂,等.2003.不同经营强度条件下毛竹林植物物种多样性的变化,生态学杂志,22(6)：1-6
郑圣先,聂军,戴平安,等.2006.控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,12(2)：188-194
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会生物多样性工作组(BWG/CCICED).2001.利用天然植被改善中国退化环境.中国林业出版社,7
中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.1991.食物成分表.北京：人民卫生出版社,5-6
周芳纯.1998.竹林培育和利用南京林业大学出版社,74-115
竹类综合利用课题组.1991.竹秆和竹叶的微量元素研究.竹子研究汇刊,10(1)：57-63
邹宽生.2005.丛生竹带蔸埋秆育苗技术.贵州农业科学,33(4)：87-88
Abe M, Miguchi H, Nakashizuka T.2001. An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration. Oecologia,127:281-286
Aphalo P J. Ballare C 1,1995. On the importance of information-acquiring systems in plant-plant interactions. Function Ecology,9:5-14
Bag N, Chandra S, Palni L M S, et al.2000. Micropropagation of Dev-ringal [Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro]-a temperate bamboo, and comparison between in vitro propagated plants and seedlings. Plant Science,156:125-135
Biehler K, Fock H.,1996. Evidence for the contribution of the Mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought stressed wheat. Plant Physiology,112,265-272
Boucher J F, Pierre Y B, Hank A M.,2007. Growth and physiological response of eastern white pine seedlings to partial cutting and site preparation. Forest Ecology and Management,240:151-164
Brenan, J P M., Greenway, P.1949. Check-lists of the forest trees and shrubs of the British Empire. No.5. Tanganyika Territory. Part 2. Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.
Broetto F, Duarte H M, Ulrich L,2007. Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the facultative halophyte and C3-CAM intermediate species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to salinity and high irradiance stress, Journal of Plant Physiology 164:904-912
Cakmak I, Hengeler C, Marschner H.,1994. Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean pleas suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45:1245-1250
Caraco T. Kelly C K,1991. On the Adaptive Value of Physiological Integration in Clonal Plants. Ecology,72: 81-93
Chandrashekara U M.1996. Ecology of Bambusa arudinacea (Retz.) Willd growing in teak plantations of kerala, India. Forest Ecology and Management,87:149-162
Christanty L, Kimmins J P, Mailly D.1997.'Without bamboo, the land dies':A conceptual model of the biogeochemical role of bamboo in an Indonesian agroforestry system. Forest Ecology and Management, 91:83-91
Connell J H.1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science,199:1302-1310
Cook R E.,1983. Clonal plant-populations. American Scientist,71:224-253
Embaye K, Christersson L, Ledin S, et al.2003. Bamboo as bioresource in Ethiopia:management strategy to improve seedling performance(Oxytenanthera abyssinica). Bioresource Technology,88:33-39
Gedroc J J, McConnaughay K D M, Coleman J S.,1996. Plasticity in root/shoot partitioning:optimal, ontogenetic, or both? Function Ecology.10:44-50
Griscom B W, Ashton P M S.2003. Bamboo control of forest succession:Guadua sarcocarpa in Southeastern Peru. Forest Ecology and Management,175:445-454
Guillermo M P, Maria V L, Pablo L P.,2007. Photosynthetic plasticity of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings to light intensity and soil moisture. Forest Ecology and Management,243:274-282
He, S.S., Liu C.Z., Saxena P.K.,2007. Plant regeneration of an endangered medicinal plant Hydrastis canadensis L. Scientia Horticulturae.113,82-86.
Holmgren M, Scheffer M, Ezcurra E.2001. El Ni no effects on the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution,16 (2):89-112
Huey R B, Carlson M, Crozier L.,2002. Plants versus animals:do they deal with stress in different ways? Integrantive and Comparative Biology,42:415-423
Iida S.2004. Indirect negative influence of dwarf bamboo on survival of Quercus acorn by hoarding behavior of wood mice. Forest Ecology and Management,202:257-263
Ikegamia M. Whighama D F. Wergera M J A,2008. Optimal biomass allocation in heterogeneous environments in a clonal plant—Spatial division of labor. Ecological Modeling,213:156-164
Jazen D H.1976. Why bamboo wait so long to flower? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,7:347-391
Junginger, M., Bolkesj(?), T., Bradley, D.,2008. Developments in international bioenergy trade. Biomass and Bioenergy.32,717-729.
Kawano K, Iwasa Y.1993. A lattice structured model for beech forest dynamics:the effect of understory dwarf bamboo. Ecological modeling,66:261-275
Krupenina N A, Bulychev A A.,2007. Action potential in a plant cell lowers the light requirement for non-photochemical energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.1767:781-788
Li ZL, Li RA.,1981. Anatomical observation of assimilating branches of nine xerophytes in Gansu. Acta Botanica Sinica,23,181-185
Li, W.C., Sheng, H.Y., Zhong, Z.K.,2006. The importance of long-term location investigation for bamboo ecosystem, Scientia Silvae Sinicae,42(8),95-101.
Liese W,1992. The structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. Bamboo and its use international symposium on industrial use of bamboo Beijing, China,7-11
Liese W. Bamboo and its use. International symposium on industrial use of bamboo. Timber organization, Chinese academy of forestry, the structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. Beijing, China,1992,7-11
Liese W. The anatomy of bamboo culms. International Network for Bamboo and Rattan(Technical Report), 1998,7-99
Lin, C.S., Lin, C.C., Chang, W.C.,2004. Effect of thidiazuron on vegetative tissue-derived somatic embryogenesis and flowering of bamboo Bambusa edulis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.76, 75-82.
Liu J, Lindeman M, Ouyang Z, et al.2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas:the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. Science,292:98-101
Lu J, Wang Z, Penning F W T.2002. Application of interactive multiple goal programming for red soil watershed development:a case study of Qingshishan.watershed. Agricultural Systems,73:313-324.
Mahoko N, Toshiya Y.,2004. Tree regeneration in partially cut conifer-hardwood mixed forests in northern Janpan:roles of establishment substrate and dwarf bamboo. Forest Ecology and Management,190: 335-344
Mailly D, Christanty L, Kimmins J P.,1997.'Without bamboo, the land dies':nutrient cycling and biogeochemistry of a Javanese bamboo talun-kebun system. Forest Ecology and Management,91: 155-173
Massacci A, Nabiev S M, Pietrosanti L.,2008. Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.46:189-195
Matte E.,1982. Hormonnal Regulation of Transport:Data and Prespectives in Plant Growth Substances. Beijing:Academic Press,407-417
Maxwell K, Johnson G N.,2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany,51(345):659-668.
Menge B A, Sutherland J P.1976. Species diversity gradients:synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity. American Naturalist,110:351-369
Menges E S.2000. Population viability analyses in plants:challenges and opportunities. Tree,15 (2):51-56
Meredith, T J. Bamboo for Gardens. Timber Press.2001.
Mgeni A S M.1983. Bamboo wine from Oxytenanthra braunii. Indian Forester.109:306-308
Murashige T, Skoog F.,1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant.15,473-497.
Nakashizuka T.1988. Regeneration of beech(Fagus crenata) after the simultaneous death of undergrowing dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis). Ecological Research,3:21-35
Naumanna J C, Young D R., Anderson J E.,2008. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera, Environmental and Experimental Botany 63:402-409
Nelson B W, Oliverira A C A, Batista G T, et al.,2001. Modeling of Landsat TM. In:Proceedings of the Tenth Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium, Foz de Iguacu, Parana, Brazil,67-68
Numata M.,1970. Conservation implications of bamboo flowering and death in Japan. Biological Conservation, 2:227-229
Pearcy R W, Valladares S J.,2004. A functional analysis of the crown architecture of tropical forest Psychotria species:do species vary in light capture efficiency and consequently in carbon gain and growth? Oecologia,139:163-177
Pietrinia F, Chaudhuri D, Thapliyal A.P.,2005. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients in mandarin leaves during a photo-oxidative cold shock and recovery, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.106: 189-198
Ramanayake S M S D, Yakanadawala K.,1998. Incidence of flowering, death and phenology of development in the giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro). Annals of Botany,82:779-785
Ramanayake S M S D, Meemaduma V N, Weerawardene T E.,2006. In vitro shoot proliferation and enhancement of rooting for the large-scale propagation of yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris'Striata'), Scientia Horticulturae 110,109-113.
Ramanayake S M S D, Wanniarachchi W A V R.,2003. Organogenesis in callus derived from an adult giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro). Scientia Horticulturae.98,195-200.
Rees M, Condit R, Crawley M, et al.,2001. Long-term studies of vegetation dynamics. Science,293:650-655
Rolloa S R, Retuerto R.,2006. Small-scale heterogeneity in soil quality influences photosynthetic efficiency and habitat selection in a clonal plant. Annals of Botany,98:1043-1052
Roy W,2005. Bamboo Beer and Bamboo Wine. Southern California Bamboo-The Newsletter of the Southern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society,15(6):2-3
Sage RF.,2004. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis. New Phytologist.161,341-370
Sarijevaa G, Knappa M, Lichtenthaler H K.,2007. Differences in photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in green sun and shade leaves of Ginkgo and Fagus, Journal of Plant Physiology,164:950-955
Scurlock J M O, Dayton D C, Hames B.2000. Bamboo:an overlooked biomass resource? Biomass and Bioenergy,19:229-244
Singh A N, Singh J S.1999. Biomass, net primary production and impact of bamboo plantation on soil redevelopent in a dry tropical region. Forest Ecology and Management,119:195-207
Singh, S., Kumar P.,2004. A simple method for large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus asper. Scientia Horticulturae,100,251-255.
Spicer J I, Rundle S D.,2007. Plasticity in the timing of physiological development:Physiological heterokairy —What is it, how frequent is it, and does it matter? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 148:712-719
Sultan S E, Wilczek A M, Bell D L, et al.,1998. Physiological response to complex environments in annual Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Oecologia 115:564-578
Takuya K, Hideyuki I.1998. Sustainability of an isolated beech-dwarf bamboo stand:analysis of forest dynamics with individual based model. Ecological Modelling,111:223-235
Uller T,2008. Developmental plasticity and the evolution of parental effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23(8):432-438
Valladares F, Pugnaire F I.,1999. Tradeoffs between irradiance capture and avoidance in semi-arid environments assessed with a crown architecture model. Annals of Botany,83:459-469
Vogt K, Gordon J, Wargo J.1997. Ecosystems. New York:Springer-Verlag,69-70
Walter S.2001. Cluster afforestation for creating diverse mountain forest structures-a review. Forest Ecology and Management,145 (12):121-128
Yasuhiro K, Toshihiko H.1996. Recruitment Processes and Species Coexistence in a Sub-boreal Forest in Northern Japan. Annals of Botany,78:741-748
YE Z P.,2007. A new model for relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica,45:637-640
Zhang J, Cao M.1995. Tropical forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, SW China and its secondary changes, with special reference to some problems in local nature conservation. Biological Conservation,73:229-238
Zunzunegui M, Ain-Lhout F, Barradas M C D.,2009, Physiological, morphological and allocation plasticity of a semi-deciduous shrub. Acta Oecologica,35:370-379
蔡志全,蔡传涛,齐欣,等.2004.施肥小粒咖啡生长、光合特性和产量的影响.应用生态学报,15(9)：1561-1564
曹群根,罗佩韬.1996.毛竹林凋落叶分解过程中土壤微生物学特性的研究.竹子研究汇刊,15(3)：58-66
陈守良,金岳杏.1986.中国竹类叶片微形态的研究(之一).竹子研究汇刊,5(1)：67-76
陈松河.2007.10种园林竹类植物出笋及幼竹高生长节律.东北林业大学学报,35(11)：11-26
陈玉惠,刘翠,王文久.1998.云南12种食用竹笋营养成分研究.天然产物研究与开发,10(1)：25-30
崔党群.2005Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验.数理统计与管理,24(1)：112-115
丁雨龙,Liese W.1995.竹节解剖构造的研究.竹子研究汇刊,14(1)：24-32
丁雨龙,樊汝文,黄金生.2000.竹子节部“韧皮部节”的发育与超微结构.植物学报,42(10)：1009-1013.
丁雨龙, 赵奇僧.1994.竹叶结构的比较解剖及其对系统分类的评价.南京林业大学学报,18(3)：1-6
杜凡,赵晓惠.等.2001.巨龙竹的变异及其引种区划的研究.竹子研究汇刊,20(1)：19-26
杜天真,杨光耀,郭起荣,等.1997.厚皮毛竹春笋营养成分研究.江西林业科技, (6)：1-2
范亚宁,李世清,李生秀.2008.半湿润地区农田夏玉米氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮动态变化.应用生态学报,799-806
范泽鑫,曹坤芬,邹寿青.2005.云南哀牢山6种常绿阔叶树木质部解剖特征的轴向和径向变化.植物生态学报,29(6)：968-975
方伟,钱领元,李和达.部分国产竹材的比较解剖研究.竹类研究,1989,4：1-11
龚春梅,宁蓬勃,王根轩,等.C3和CA植物光合途径的适应性变化和进化.植物生态学报,2009,33(1)：206-221
顾小平,王永锡.1989.几种竹笋单宁含量的分析比较.林业科学研究,2(1)：98-99
关维刚,周建斌,董放.等.2007.旱地不同栽培模式下土壤水分和矿质氮含量的时空变化.干旱地区农业研究,25(3)：51-57
何汉杏,葛汉栋,庄昌盛.2001.张家界市漩水林场毛竹林水文生态效益初步研究Ⅰ.生态效益计量.中南林学院学报,21(4)：11-15
何奇江,童晓青,叶华琳,等.2007.辣韭矢竹的出笋及幼竹生长节律.林业科学,43(6)：143-145
何奇江,汪奎宏,华锡奇.不同产量类型雷竹林的激素、氨基酸及营养成分分析研究.竹子研究汇刊,2007,26(2)：34-39
黄成林,姚玉敏,赵昌恒.2004.安徽休宁倭竹竹叶主要营养成分的研究.竹子研究汇刊,23(3)：42-46
黄成林,杨永峰.2006.苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究.竹子研究汇刊,25(3)：32-37
黄璜.1998.水稻穗颈节间组织与颖花数的关系.作物学报,24(2)：193-200.
黄建辉,陈灵芝.1991.北京百花山附近杂灌丛的化学元素含量特征.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(3)：224-233
江心,李乾.1982.四川竹类维管束的初步研究(一).竹类研究,1：17-21
姜培坤,俞益武.2000.雷竹叶营养元素含量与土壤养分的关系.浙江林学院学报,17(4)：360-363
蒋有绪.2002.忆森林生态研究进展之一二憾事.中国林业,1：23-25
李伟成,陈岩,钟哲科,等.2008.覆膜对酒竹干旱季节移栽和越冬的影响.竹子研究汇刊,27(3)：27-30
李伟成,葛滢,盛海燕,等.2004.濒危植物明党参种群生存过程研究.生态学报,24(6)：1137-1143
李伟成,盛碧云,王树东.等.2007.毛竹种子萌发对温度和光照的响应.竹子研究汇刊,26(4)：26-29
李伟成,盛海燕,潘伯荣,等.2006.3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性.林业科学,42(5)：11-16
李伟成,盛海燕,钟哲科.2006.竹林生态系统及其长期定位观测研究的重要性.林业科学,42(8)：95-101
李正才,傅懋毅,谢锦忠,等.2003.毛竹竹阔混交林群落地力保持研究.竹子研究汇刊,22(1)：32-37
刘力,林新春,金爱武.等.2004.苦竹各器官营养元素分析,浙江林学院学报,21(2)：172-175
刘桂华,李宏开.2002.檫树毛竹混交林中毛竹鞭根的研究.应用生态学报,13(4)：385-389
刘铭,吴良欢,路兴花.2004.覆膜旱作对稻田土壤有效Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量的影响.浙江大学学报：农业与生命科学版,30(6)：646-649
刘耀荣.1990.毛竹笋期的营养动态.林业科学研究,3(4)：363-367
楼一平,盛纬彤,萧江华.1999.我国毛竹林长期立地生产力研究问题的评述.林业科学研究,12(2)：172-178
马灵飞,韩红,马乃训.1993.部分散生竹材纤维形态及主要理化性能.浙江林学院学报,10(4)：361-367
马乃训.1989.我国的竹类科学研究.竹子研究汇刊,8(1)：76-83.
潘瑞炽,王小青,李娘辉.2008.植物生理学(第六版).高等教育出版社,28-56
邱尔发,洪伟,郑郁善,等.2005.麻竹山地林配方施肥及生长调节剂对竹笋产量影响.林业科学,41(6)：78-84
邱永华,邵小根,张发根,等.1999.水竹笋物理性状和营养成分分析.浙江林学院学报,16(2)：200-202
任海青,刘杏娥,江泽慧.2006.栽植密度对小黑杨人工林木材解剖特性的影响.林业科学研究,19(3)：364-369
邵玲,李玲,梁广坚.2003.S3307与生根粉混合施用对云南甜竹插条中水分含量、光合产物分配和生根的影响.植物生理学通讯,39(3)：219-221
盛海燕,李伟成,葛滢.2006.明党参幼苗存活与生长对光照强度的响应.应用生态学报,17(5)：1423-1428
王波,丁雨龙,汪奎宏,等.2008.铺地竹叶饲用价值的评定.林业科技开发,22(3)：58-60
王朝晖.2001.竹材材性变异规律及其与加工利用关系.中国林业科学研究院博士论文,36-51
王树东,李伟成,钟哲科,等.2008.特用竹种——酒竹的引种繁育初报.竹子研究汇刊,27(3)：27-32
王树东,中国竹业的发展与全面创新,竹子研究汇刊,2004,23(1)：6-8
王曰玮,项斯端,陈启瑺.1986.西天目山南坡森林植被探讨.杭州大学学报,13：26-42
王云琦,王玉杰,张洪江.2004.重庆缙云山几种典型植被枯落物水文特性研究.水土保持学报,18(3)：41-44
王照兰,杨持,杜建材,等.2009.不同生态型扁蓿豆光合特性和光适应能力.生态学杂志,28(6)1035-1040
温太辉,周文伟.1985.中国竹类维管束解剖形态的研究初报(之二).竹子研究汇刊,4(1)：281-37
温太辉,周文伟.1981.中国竹类维管束解剖形态的研究初报(之一).竹子研究汇刊,3(1)：1-21
邬义明.1997.植物纤维化学.中国轻工业出版社,70-74
吴家森,周国模,徐秋芳.等.2005.不同年份毛竹营养元素的空间分布及与土壤养分的关系.林业科学,41(3)：171-173
夏玉芳,曾静.1996.料慈竹不同年龄纤维形态的研究.竹子研究汇刊,15(1)：45-51
萧江华.2001.重视发挥竹林的生态功能效益.林业经济,1：31-34
熊文愈,丁祖福,李又芬.1980.竹类植物的居间分生组织与节间生长.林业科学,16(2)：81-89.
熊文愈,乔士义,李又芬.1980.毛竹杆茎的解剖构造.植物学报,22(4)：343-348.
徐秋芳,叶正钱,姜培坤.2003.雷竹笋营养元素含量及其与土壤养分的关系.浙江林学院学报,20(2)：115-118
徐正进,陈温福,曹洪任,等.1998.水稻穗颈维管束数与穗部性状关系的研究.作物学报,24(1)：47-54
许大全.2002.光合作用效率.上海科学技术出版社,2-52
腰希申, 梁景森, 麻左力.等.1987.竹材表皮细胞观察.竹子研究汇刊,6(3)：38-48
张大勇.2004.植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学.科学出版社,201-212
张守仁.1999.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论.植物学通报16(4)：444-448
郑蓉,郑维鹏,黄勇,等.2004.不同地理种源的麻竹笋-幼竹生长规律的研究.竹子研究汇刊,23(4)：17-24
郑成洋,何建源,罗春茂,等.2003.不同经营强度条件下毛竹林植物物种多样性的变化,生态学杂志,22(6)：1-6
郑圣先,聂军,戴平安,等.2006.控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,12(2)：188-194
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会生物多样性工作组(BWG/CCICED).2001.利用天然植被改善中国退化环境.中国林业出版社,7
中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.1991.食物成分表.北京：人民卫生出版社,5-6
周芳纯.1998.竹林培育和利用南京林业大学出版社,74-115
竹类综合利用课题组.1991.竹秆和竹叶的微量元素研究.竹子研究汇刊,10(1)：57-63
邹宽生.2005.丛生竹带蔸埋秆育苗技术.贵州农业科学,33(4)：87-88
Abe M, Miguchi H, Nakashizuka T.2001. An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration. Oecologia,127:281-286
Aphalo P J. Ballare C 1,1995. On the importance of information-acquiring systems in plant-plant interactions. Function Ecology,9:5-14
Bag N, Chandra S, Palni L M S, et al.2000. Micropropagation of Dev-ringal [Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro]-a temperate bamboo, and comparison between in vitro propagated plants and seedlings. Plant Science,156:125-135
Biehler K, Fock H.,1996. Evidence for the contribution of the Mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought stressed wheat. Plant Physiology,112,265-272
Boucher J F, Pierre Y B, Hank A M.,2007. Growth and physiological response of eastern white pine seedlings to partial cutting and site preparation. Forest Ecology and Management,240:151-164
Brenan, J P M., Greenway, P.1949. Check-lists of the forest trees and shrubs of the British Empire. No.5. Tanganyika Territory. Part 2. Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.
Broetto F, Duarte H M, Ulrich L,2007. Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the facultative halophyte and C3-CAM intermediate species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to salinity and high irradiance stress, Journal of Plant Physiology 164:904-912
Cakmak I, Hengeler C, Marschner H.,1994. Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean pleas suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45:1245-1250
Caraco T. Kelly C K,1991. On the Adaptive Value of Physiological Integration in Clonal Plants. Ecology,72: 81-93
Chandrashekara U M.1996. Ecology of Bambusa arudinacea (Retz.) Willd growing in teak plantations of kerala, India. Forest Ecology and Management,87:149-162
Christanty L, Kimmins J P, Mailly D.1997.'Without bamboo, the land dies':A conceptual model of the biogeochemical role of bamboo in an Indonesian agroforestry system. Forest Ecology and Management, 91:83-91
Connell J H.1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science,199:1302-1310
Cook R E.,1983. Clonal plant-populations. American Scientist,71:224-253
Embaye K, Christersson L, Ledin S, et al.2003. Bamboo as bioresource in Ethiopia:management strategy to improve seedling performance(Oxytenanthera abyssinica). Bioresource Technology,88:33-39
Gedroc J J, McConnaughay K D M, Coleman J S.,1996. Plasticity in root/shoot partitioning:optimal, ontogenetic, or both? Function Ecology.10:44-50
Griscom B W, Ashton P M S.2003. Bamboo control of forest succession:Guadua sarcocarpa in Southeastern Peru. Forest Ecology and Management,175:445-454
Guillermo M P, Maria V L, Pablo L P.,2007. Photosynthetic plasticity of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings to light intensity and soil moisture. Forest Ecology and Management,243:274-282
He, S.S., Liu C.Z., Saxena P.K.,2007. Plant regeneration of an endangered medicinal plant Hydrastis canadensis L. Scientia Horticulturae.113,82-86.
Holmgren M, Scheffer M, Ezcurra E.2001. El Ni no effects on the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution,16 (2):89-112
Huey R B, Carlson M, Crozier L.,2002. Plants versus animals:do they deal with stress in different ways? Integrantive and Comparative Biology,42:415-423
Iida S.2004. Indirect negative influence of dwarf bamboo on survival of Quercus acorn by hoarding behavior of wood mice. Forest Ecology and Management,202:257-263
Ikegamia M. Whighama D F. Wergera M J A,2008. Optimal biomass allocation in heterogeneous environments in a clonal plant—Spatial division of labor. Ecological Modeling,213:156-164
Jazen D H.1976. Why bamboo wait so long to flower? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,7:347-391
Junginger, M., Bolkesj(?), T., Bradley, D.,2008. Developments in international bioenergy trade. Biomass and Bioenergy.32,717-729.
Kawano K, Iwasa Y.1993. A lattice structured model for beech forest dynamics:the effect of understory dwarf bamboo. Ecological modeling,66:261-275
Krupenina N A, Bulychev A A.,2007. Action potential in a plant cell lowers the light requirement for non-photochemical energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.1767:781-788
Li ZL, Li RA.,1981. Anatomical observation of assimilating branches of nine xerophytes in Gansu. Acta Botanica Sinica,23,181-185
Li, W.C., Sheng, H.Y., Zhong, Z.K.,2006. The importance of long-term location investigation for bamboo ecosystem, Scientia Silvae Sinicae,42(8),95-101.
Liese W,1992. The structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. Bamboo and its use international symposium on industrial use of bamboo Beijing, China,7-11
Liese W. Bamboo and its use. International symposium on industrial use of bamboo. Timber organization, Chinese academy of forestry, the structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. Beijing, China,1992,7-11
Liese W. The anatomy of bamboo culms. International Network for Bamboo and Rattan(Technical Report), 1998,7-99
Lin, C.S., Lin, C.C., Chang, W.C.,2004. Effect of thidiazuron on vegetative tissue-derived somatic embryogenesis and flowering of bamboo Bambusa edulis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.76, 75-82.
Liu J, Lindeman M, Ouyang Z, et al.2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas:the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. Science,292:98-101
Lu J, Wang Z, Penning F W T.2002. Application of interactive multiple goal programming for red soil watershed development:a case study of Qingshishan.watershed. Agricultural Systems,73:313-324.
Mahoko N, Toshiya Y.,2004. Tree regeneration in partially cut conifer-hardwood mixed forests in northern Janpan:roles of establishment substrate and dwarf bamboo. Forest Ecology and Management,190: 335-344
Mailly D, Christanty L, Kimmins J P.,1997.'Without bamboo, the land dies':nutrient cycling and biogeochemistry of a Javanese bamboo talun-kebun system. Forest Ecology and Management,91: 155-173
Massacci A, Nabiev S M, Pietrosanti L.,2008. Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.46:189-195
Matte E.,1982. Hormonnal Regulation of Transport:Data and Prespectives in Plant Growth Substances. Beijing:Academic Press,407-417
Maxwell K, Johnson G N.,2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany,51(345):659-668.
Menge B A, Sutherland J P.1976. Species diversity gradients:synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity. American Naturalist,110:351-369
Menges E S.2000. Population viability analyses in plants:challenges and opportunities. Tree,15 (2):51-56
Meredith, T J. Bamboo for Gardens. Timber Press.2001.
Mgeni A S M.1983. Bamboo wine from Oxytenanthra braunii. Indian Forester.109:306-308
Murashige T, Skoog F.,1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant.15,473-497.
Nakashizuka T.1988. Regeneration of beech(Fagus crenata) after the simultaneous death of undergrowing dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis). Ecological Research,3:21-35
Naumanna J C, Young D R., Anderson J E.,2008. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera, Environmental and Experimental Botany 63:402-409
Nelson B W, Oliverira A C A, Batista G T, et al.,2001. Modeling of Landsat TM. In:Proceedings of the Tenth Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium, Foz de Iguacu, Parana, Brazil,67-68
Numata M.,1970. Conservation implications of bamboo flowering and death in Japan. Biological Conservation, 2:227-229
Pearcy R W, Valladares S J.,2004. A functional analysis of the crown architecture of tropical forest Psychotria species:do species vary in light capture efficiency and consequently in carbon gain and growth? Oecologia,139:163-177
Pietrinia F, Chaudhuri D, Thapliyal A.P.,2005. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients in mandarin leaves during a photo-oxidative cold shock and recovery, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.106: 189-198
Ramanayake S M S D, Yakanadawala K.,1998. Incidence of flowering, death and phenology of development in the giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro). Annals of Botany,82:779-785
Ramanayake S M S D, Meemaduma V N, Weerawardene T E.,2006. In vitro shoot proliferation and enhancement of rooting for the large-scale propagation of yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris'Striata'), Scientia Horticulturae 110,109-113.
Ramanayake S M S D, Wanniarachchi W A V R.,2003. Organogenesis in callus derived from an adult giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro). Scientia Horticulturae.98,195-200.
Rees M, Condit R, Crawley M, et al.,2001. Long-term studies of vegetation dynamics. Science,293:650-655
Rolloa S R, Retuerto R.,2006. Small-scale heterogeneity in soil quality influences photosynthetic efficiency and habitat selection in a clonal plant. Annals of Botany,98:1043-1052
Roy W,2005. Bamboo Beer and Bamboo Wine. Southern California Bamboo-The Newsletter of the Southern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society,15(6):2-3
Sage RF.,2004. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis. New Phytologist.161,341-370
Sarijevaa G, Knappa M, Lichtenthaler H K.,2007. Differences in photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in green sun and shade leaves of Ginkgo and Fagus, Journal of Plant Physiology,164:950-955
Scurlock J M O, Dayton D C, Hames B.2000. Bamboo:an overlooked biomass resource? Biomass and Bioenergy,19:229-244
Singh A N, Singh J S.1999. Biomass, net primary production and impact of bamboo plantation on soil redevelopent in a dry tropical region. Forest Ecology and Management,119:195-207
Singh, S., Kumar P.,2004. A simple method for large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus asper. Scientia Horticulturae,100,251-255.
Spicer J I, Rundle S D.,2007. Plasticity in the timing of physiological development:Physiological heterokairy —What is it, how frequent is it, and does it matter? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 148:712-719
Sultan S E, Wilczek A M, Bell D L, et al.,1998. Physiological response to complex environments in annual Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Oecologia 115:564-578
Takuya K, Hideyuki I.1998. Sustainability of an isolated beech-dwarf bamboo stand:analysis of forest dynamics with individual based model. Ecological Modelling,111:223-235
Uller T,2008. Developmental plasticity and the evolution of parental effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23(8):432-438
Valladares F, Pugnaire F I.,1999. Tradeoffs between irradiance capture and avoidance in semi-arid environments assessed with a crown architecture model. Annals of Botany,83:459-469
Vogt K, Gordon J, Wargo J.1997. Ecosystems. New York:Springer-Verlag,69-70
Walter S.2001. Cluster afforestation for creating diverse mountain forest structures-a review. Forest Ecology and Management,145 (12):121-128
Yasuhiro K, Toshihiko H.1996. Recruitment Processes and Species Coexistence in a Sub-boreal Forest in Northern Japan. Annals of Botany,78:741-748
YE Z P.,2007. A new model for relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica,45:637-640
Zhang J, Cao M.1995. Tropical forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, SW China and its secondary changes, with special reference to some problems in local nature conservation. Biological Conservation,73:229-238
Zunzunegui M, Ain-Lhout F, Barradas M C D.,2009, Physiological, morphological and allocation plasticity of a semi-deciduous shrub. Acta Oecologica,35:370-379
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |