鲁西地区晚中生代以来伸展断裂系统研究
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摘要
论文通过野外地质调查、地震、测井、钻井等方法,以构造解析法为指导,借助磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹、K-Ar测年技术,研究了鲁西地区晚中生代以来伸展断裂系统的几何学、运动学及年代学特征;运用物理模拟实验、岩浆岩岩相学探讨了其形成的深部背景和形成机制,揭示了其发育演化过程。
鲁西地区伸展断裂系统由陡倾斜正断层和缓倾斜滑脱断层组成。陡倾斜正断层走向为NW向和近EW向,倾角约60°~70°,在平面上由南向北近平行排列,规模大、发育时间较长、切割较深,控制了半地堑晚中生代以来的沉积。断裂带中发育断层角砾岩、碎裂岩、断层泥、擦痕等,表明断层经历了多期构造活动。浅层次缓倾斜滑脱断层主要沿下古生界/太古宇和上、下古生界不整合面发育。滑脱带厚度不等,产状与地层产状基本一致。滑脱带上岩石破碎,伴有硅化、大理岩化等动力变质作用,小褶皱,擦痕、阶步等现象发育。陡倾斜断层与浅层次滑脱断层组成伸展滑脱断块,构成了鲁西地区晚中生代以来的构造样式。断层伸展量和垂向活动速率表明陡倾正断层晚中生代发生构造负反转,鲁西地区开始伸展。古近纪(始新世),断层活动最强,鲁西地区遭受强烈伸展。新近纪,断层基本不再活动,伸展作用减弱,代之以区域拗陷作用。缓倾斜滑脱断层顺地层倾向滑动,主要为NE、NNE向。深层次滑脱断层由陡断层在深处某一滑脱面上拆离、滑脱形成,转换为中地壳或地壳深部拆离滑脱断层,逆地层倾向,向南滑动。
磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹及t-T模拟表明,隆起区断层的下盘蒙山、莲花山、泰山于晚白垩世开始抬升,新生代主要经历了65~60Ma,48~42Ma,25~20Ma三个快速抬升时期。坳陷内次级凸起晚白垩世以来抬升时期与隆起区山体的抬升时期基本吻合。结合晚中生代以来的沉积响应以及区域岩浆活动特征研究认为陡断层活动主要在晚侏罗-早白垩世、65~60Ma,48~42Ma三个时期。同时,揭示了晚中生代以来陡倾斜正断层由南向北、由东向西的构造迁移规律。缓倾斜滑脱断层带上顺层侵入岩的K-Ar同位素测年数据表明区域性滑脱最早发生在130-110Ma,其次为60-55Ma左右,第三期大致在45-40Ma左右,与陡断层测年时间吻合,反映了两类断层的发育在时间上基本准同时。
岩浆岩岩相学和构造物理模拟实验表明,鲁西地区晚中生代以来伸展断裂系统形成的深部背景为晚中生代-新生代软流圈物质上涌交代、置换、化学侵蚀导致岩石圈拆沉、大规模减薄所造成的深层和浅层伸展作用。两类伸展断层的发育期次与区域构造应力场相匹配。在形成机制上归因于晚中生代太平洋板块俯冲、郯庐断裂的走滑作用和新生代印欧板块的碰撞。
Based on field survey, combining with date of seismic, logging and drilling, the study on the characteristics of extensional fault in western Shandong is carried out mainly by methods of structural analysis, with the help of apatite fission track and K-Ar dating. Incidentally, this thesis investigates the deep background, developing mechanism of the extensional fault system and reveals the evolution process of it by methods of physical modeling and magmatic petrography.
Steep normal fault and Shallow décollement fault composed the fault system of the western Shandong. With large scales, long developing time and deep cutting, 60°~70°of dip angle, the NW-trending and nearly EW-trending boundary extension faults which are parallel aligning from south to north in western Shandong, control the sediment of the half-grabent that has formed since late Mesozoic. Breccia, cataclasite and fault gouge developed in the fault belt indicate that it has undergone several tectonic movement. The analysis also suggests that shallow gently dipping décollement fault mainly developed along the unconformity between the Cambrian and Archean. Although the thickness of décollement fault belt varies from each other, the attitude is consistent with the stratums’. At the décollement fault belt, there are cataclastic rocks with dynamo-metamorphic rocks and some small folds, scratches, steps, and so on. Shallow décollement fault and steep normal fault composed the structure style of the western Shandong. Horizontal extension amount and vertical activity rate of normal faults show that the steep naormal faults reversed negatively in late Mesozoic, and western Shangdong began to extention. In the Paleogene, the activity rates of the NW-trending faults reached peak, western Shangdong subjected to strong extension. Then, in the Neogene, faults hardly activated, and western Shandong approximately trended to be stable. Décollement faults slided along the strata dip. The directions are NE and NNE. Steep normal faults detached from a certain deep décollement surfaces, and become deep detachment faults in deep crust or low velocity layer in mid-crust. They slided direction is south and opposited to the strata dip.
Apatite, zircon fission track, and cooling history simulation of the samples in steep faults’footwall manifest that Mengshan, Lianhuash, and Mountain Tai began to uplift in late Cretaceous. Cenozoic can be diviede into three rapid uplifting stages. They are 65~60Ma,48~42Ma and 25~20Ma. That, at the same, is reflected by the samples in depression. Combined with the uplifting velocity of these three stages in Cenozoic, sedimentary characteristics and igneous raock features, the results show that the main active periods are late Jurassic-early Cretaceous, 65~60Ma,48~42Ma. And they indicate a law that the activation of steep normal faults strengthens gradually from south to north, east to west.
According to the analysis of K-Ar isotopic data of bedding intrusive rock in fault belt, the earliest regional décollement happened during 130-110Ma, with another two during 55Ma and 45Ma. The consistence in time with the developed periods of steep normal faults reflects that intense activities can promote the development of gently dipping décollement faults.
The analysis of physical modeling and magmatic petrography indicates that the development of extensional faults system in western Shandong is attributed to the deep extension brought about by the delaminating and thinning of lithosphere in late Mesozoic and the shallow extension caused by the upwelling of asthenosphere mantle in Cenozoic. These two kinds of extension faults are consistent with each other in both development phase and regional tectonic stress field. In mechanism,it was caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate in late Mesozoic, the strike-slipping of Tanlu Fault and the Indo-Asian collision in Cenozoic.
鲁西地区伸展断裂系统由陡倾斜正断层和缓倾斜滑脱断层组成。陡倾斜正断层走向为NW向和近EW向,倾角约60°~70°,在平面上由南向北近平行排列,规模大、发育时间较长、切割较深,控制了半地堑晚中生代以来的沉积。断裂带中发育断层角砾岩、碎裂岩、断层泥、擦痕等,表明断层经历了多期构造活动。浅层次缓倾斜滑脱断层主要沿下古生界/太古宇和上、下古生界不整合面发育。滑脱带厚度不等,产状与地层产状基本一致。滑脱带上岩石破碎,伴有硅化、大理岩化等动力变质作用,小褶皱,擦痕、阶步等现象发育。陡倾斜断层与浅层次滑脱断层组成伸展滑脱断块,构成了鲁西地区晚中生代以来的构造样式。断层伸展量和垂向活动速率表明陡倾正断层晚中生代发生构造负反转,鲁西地区开始伸展。古近纪(始新世),断层活动最强,鲁西地区遭受强烈伸展。新近纪,断层基本不再活动,伸展作用减弱,代之以区域拗陷作用。缓倾斜滑脱断层顺地层倾向滑动,主要为NE、NNE向。深层次滑脱断层由陡断层在深处某一滑脱面上拆离、滑脱形成,转换为中地壳或地壳深部拆离滑脱断层,逆地层倾向,向南滑动。
磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹及t-T模拟表明,隆起区断层的下盘蒙山、莲花山、泰山于晚白垩世开始抬升,新生代主要经历了65~60Ma,48~42Ma,25~20Ma三个快速抬升时期。坳陷内次级凸起晚白垩世以来抬升时期与隆起区山体的抬升时期基本吻合。结合晚中生代以来的沉积响应以及区域岩浆活动特征研究认为陡断层活动主要在晚侏罗-早白垩世、65~60Ma,48~42Ma三个时期。同时,揭示了晚中生代以来陡倾斜正断层由南向北、由东向西的构造迁移规律。缓倾斜滑脱断层带上顺层侵入岩的K-Ar同位素测年数据表明区域性滑脱最早发生在130-110Ma,其次为60-55Ma左右,第三期大致在45-40Ma左右,与陡断层测年时间吻合,反映了两类断层的发育在时间上基本准同时。
岩浆岩岩相学和构造物理模拟实验表明,鲁西地区晚中生代以来伸展断裂系统形成的深部背景为晚中生代-新生代软流圈物质上涌交代、置换、化学侵蚀导致岩石圈拆沉、大规模减薄所造成的深层和浅层伸展作用。两类伸展断层的发育期次与区域构造应力场相匹配。在形成机制上归因于晚中生代太平洋板块俯冲、郯庐断裂的走滑作用和新生代印欧板块的碰撞。
Based on field survey, combining with date of seismic, logging and drilling, the study on the characteristics of extensional fault in western Shandong is carried out mainly by methods of structural analysis, with the help of apatite fission track and K-Ar dating. Incidentally, this thesis investigates the deep background, developing mechanism of the extensional fault system and reveals the evolution process of it by methods of physical modeling and magmatic petrography.
Steep normal fault and Shallow décollement fault composed the fault system of the western Shandong. With large scales, long developing time and deep cutting, 60°~70°of dip angle, the NW-trending and nearly EW-trending boundary extension faults which are parallel aligning from south to north in western Shandong, control the sediment of the half-grabent that has formed since late Mesozoic. Breccia, cataclasite and fault gouge developed in the fault belt indicate that it has undergone several tectonic movement. The analysis also suggests that shallow gently dipping décollement fault mainly developed along the unconformity between the Cambrian and Archean. Although the thickness of décollement fault belt varies from each other, the attitude is consistent with the stratums’. At the décollement fault belt, there are cataclastic rocks with dynamo-metamorphic rocks and some small folds, scratches, steps, and so on. Shallow décollement fault and steep normal fault composed the structure style of the western Shandong. Horizontal extension amount and vertical activity rate of normal faults show that the steep naormal faults reversed negatively in late Mesozoic, and western Shangdong began to extention. In the Paleogene, the activity rates of the NW-trending faults reached peak, western Shangdong subjected to strong extension. Then, in the Neogene, faults hardly activated, and western Shandong approximately trended to be stable. Décollement faults slided along the strata dip. The directions are NE and NNE. Steep normal faults detached from a certain deep décollement surfaces, and become deep detachment faults in deep crust or low velocity layer in mid-crust. They slided direction is south and opposited to the strata dip.
Apatite, zircon fission track, and cooling history simulation of the samples in steep faults’footwall manifest that Mengshan, Lianhuash, and Mountain Tai began to uplift in late Cretaceous. Cenozoic can be diviede into three rapid uplifting stages. They are 65~60Ma,48~42Ma and 25~20Ma. That, at the same, is reflected by the samples in depression. Combined with the uplifting velocity of these three stages in Cenozoic, sedimentary characteristics and igneous raock features, the results show that the main active periods are late Jurassic-early Cretaceous, 65~60Ma,48~42Ma. And they indicate a law that the activation of steep normal faults strengthens gradually from south to north, east to west.
According to the analysis of K-Ar isotopic data of bedding intrusive rock in fault belt, the earliest regional décollement happened during 130-110Ma, with another two during 55Ma and 45Ma. The consistence in time with the developed periods of steep normal faults reflects that intense activities can promote the development of gently dipping décollement faults.
The analysis of physical modeling and magmatic petrography indicates that the development of extensional faults system in western Shandong is attributed to the deep extension brought about by the delaminating and thinning of lithosphere in late Mesozoic and the shallow extension caused by the upwelling of asthenosphere mantle in Cenozoic. These two kinds of extension faults are consistent with each other in both development phase and regional tectonic stress field. In mechanism,it was caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate in late Mesozoic, the strike-slipping of Tanlu Fault and the Indo-Asian collision in Cenozoic.
引文
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