堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法理论及应用研究
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摘要
地球物理勘探技术在堤坝管涌渗漏无损探测中所发挥的作用越来越重要,但由于地球物理探测技术是一种间接勘探方法,有其应用的条件性、局限性和多解性,尤其是对埋深较大而空间尺寸相对较小的管涌渗漏通道的探查,现有勘探方法在可靠性和时效性等方面存在不足,很难用于汛期紧急抢险中。本文选题来源于国家自然科学基金委员会与长江水利委员会联合资助重大项目《洪水特性与减灾方法研究》(项目编号：50099620)以及科技部项目《堤坝隐患快速探测技术及装备研究》(项目编号：2000年科学事业费农业与社会公益专项),基于何继善院士提出的堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合探测法基础上,论文对流场拟合法理论和工程应用进行了系统的研究,为流场拟合法探测系统的优化和升级奠定了基础。全文主要研究内容包括水流场与电流场拟合理论研究、堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法探测数值模拟、流场拟合法物理模拟研究以及流场拟合法在复杂条件下的工程应用研究。
在水流场与电流场拟合理论研究中,通过对流场拟合法基本原理的推导,从理论上分析确认了水流场和电流场的相似性。通过解析分析,论证了通过固定点源电流场拟合管涌渗漏水流场的合理性,根据这一结果,从理论上证明了几种理想情况下电流密度与水流场速度分布的拟合关系,这是数值模拟计算和堤坝管涌渗漏拟流场探测技术的基础。
在堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法探测数值模拟中,提出基于ANSYS平台温度场来模拟电流场,算例结果表明ANSYS温度场计算精度完全达到模拟要求。通过对堤防大坝管涌渗漏的拟流场法探测数值模拟,讨论了电流密度三分量和矢量场异常形态特点,得出了如下特征：X分量在渗漏入水口部位会产生一个双极性异常；Y分量和Z分量存在极值；在水底测量灵敏度最好,测量效果最好；Z分量区分渗漏异常的效果最好；电流密度矢量汇聚于渗漏入水口部位。在此基础上,分析了水底局部低阻体、传感器倾斜、远极距离以及渗漏通道电性参数对探测结果的影响,为野外实际查漏工作提供了理论支撑。
在堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法探测物理模拟研究中,通过室内模型试验完成了电流密度的三分量测量试验分析,试验结果与数值模拟计算结果相一致。通过野外试验场地模拟试验,获得了电流密度Z分量的空间分布特征,试验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合。从而通过物理模拟试验进一步证明了水流场异常和电流密度异常的相关关系,为方法技术的生产试验和仪器装备的研发升级奠定了基础。
复杂条件下流场拟合法工程应用研究选取了浏阳市株树桥水库渗漏、汉寿县阁金口闸特大管涌以及洪泽湖大堤管涌等三个典型案例,应用DB系列堤坝管涌渗漏探测仪准确地探查出了管涌渗漏的入水口部位,为这些工程的及时治理提供了依据。众多成功应用的工程实例,表明流场拟合法能够用于地质地球物理条件复杂的水库查漏、汛期恶劣条件下江河堤防管涌渗漏的快速探测,同时也为仪器的定型及批量生产提供了依据。
通过对流场拟合法的理论研究、数值模拟、物理模拟试验以及工程应用研究,表明流场拟合法是一种抗干扰能力强、工作效率高、分辨率高的堤坝管涌渗漏探测方法,根据流畅拟合法研制生产的仪器装备适用于各种工作条件下堤坝管涌渗漏的快速探查任务。
Geophysical exploration technology has played an important role in detection of the piping and seepage in dykes and dams, but because geophysical exploration technology is an indirect method, and each method has its own conditions,limitations and multiple solutions, especially the traditional geophysical detection methods are helpless when dealing with the piping and leakage, whose depth of burial is greater than its spatial size.At the same time, the results of these methods are not fit for emergency reuse work in flood season. The title of this paper comes from the major project "Research on Characteristics of flood and Approach to Disaster Reduction"(Item Number:50099620) jointly funded by Natural Science Foundation and the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, and Ministry of Science and Technology Project "Research on rapid detection technology of the hidden trouble in dams and equipment development" (item number:2000 science and social welfare expenditure in agriculture special), based on the flow fitting method for detecting the piping and leakage in dykes and dams,which was put forward by academician He Jishan, this paper carries out systematic study on the theories and engineering application of the flow-fitting method, and lay a solid foundation for optimization and upgrading of detection system of the flow fitting method.The main research contents include the fitting theory between flow fluid field and electric current field, the numerical simulation of the flow-fitting method, the physical analogy research of the flow-fitting method, and the engineering application research of the flow-fitting method under different conditions.
In the study of fitting theory between the flow fluid field and electric current field, based on the derivation of the basic principle of the flow-fitting method, the similarities between the flow fluid field and electric current field are confirmed in theory. Through analytical analysis, the feasibility of fitting to flow fluid field of the piping and leakage through fixed-point-source is verified, according to this result, the fitting relation of current density and velocity distribution of flow field are analyzed theoretically under several kinds of ideal situations,which offer the theoretical foundation for further analysis and calculation of the flow-fitting method for the detection of the piping and leakage in dykes and dams.
In the numerical simulation of the flow-fitting method, that the temperature field is used to simulate the electric current field is put forward, through the numerical simulation of the piping and leakage in dykes and dams,the characteristics of the three components of the current density are obtained:X component will produce a bipolar anomaly at the inlet site of the leakage, Y component and Z component will have an extreme value, and Z component has the best effect to distinguish the leakage anomaly, the current density vector converges at the inlet site of the leakage.On this basis, the effects of underwater interferent with low reisitivity, the inclining angle of probe,and the distance from the infinite electrode on the results of detection are done with numerical calculation, the results show that these factors have limited impact on the measurement results of the flow-fitting method.
In the physical analogy research of the flow-fitting method, through a series of indoor and on-the-spot simulation tests,the relevant relations between the anomaly of flow fluid field and the anomaly of electric current field are further defined, and lays a foundation for the production tests of the methods and technologies,the research and development of the equipment, and at the same time verifies the validity of results of numerical simulation.
In the engineering application research under different conditions, the method is applied to detecting the leakage zone of Zhushuqiao reservoir of Liuyang City, Gejinkou gate of Hanshou County and Hongze lake embankment, accurately found out the inlet zone of these piping and seepages,and had offered the scientific basis for prompt administration of these projects.The successful application of these case studies show that the flow-fitting method can be used for the fast survey of the large reservoir with complicated condition, the piping and seepage of river dykes under the abominable conditions in flood season, and as well as offered the basis for finalizing the design of the instrument.
The researches on the theory, numerical simulations,physical modeling test and case studies on the flow-fitting method, indicate that the flow-fitting method is an excellent detection method for piping and leakage in dykes and dams,which has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, high efficiency, high research, and is fit for the fast exploration task of piping and leakage in dykes and dams under various engineering conditions.
在水流场与电流场拟合理论研究中,通过对流场拟合法基本原理的推导,从理论上分析确认了水流场和电流场的相似性。通过解析分析,论证了通过固定点源电流场拟合管涌渗漏水流场的合理性,根据这一结果,从理论上证明了几种理想情况下电流密度与水流场速度分布的拟合关系,这是数值模拟计算和堤坝管涌渗漏拟流场探测技术的基础。
在堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法探测数值模拟中,提出基于ANSYS平台温度场来模拟电流场,算例结果表明ANSYS温度场计算精度完全达到模拟要求。通过对堤防大坝管涌渗漏的拟流场法探测数值模拟,讨论了电流密度三分量和矢量场异常形态特点,得出了如下特征：X分量在渗漏入水口部位会产生一个双极性异常；Y分量和Z分量存在极值；在水底测量灵敏度最好,测量效果最好；Z分量区分渗漏异常的效果最好；电流密度矢量汇聚于渗漏入水口部位。在此基础上,分析了水底局部低阻体、传感器倾斜、远极距离以及渗漏通道电性参数对探测结果的影响,为野外实际查漏工作提供了理论支撑。
在堤坝管涌渗漏流场拟合法探测物理模拟研究中,通过室内模型试验完成了电流密度的三分量测量试验分析,试验结果与数值模拟计算结果相一致。通过野外试验场地模拟试验,获得了电流密度Z分量的空间分布特征,试验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合。从而通过物理模拟试验进一步证明了水流场异常和电流密度异常的相关关系,为方法技术的生产试验和仪器装备的研发升级奠定了基础。
复杂条件下流场拟合法工程应用研究选取了浏阳市株树桥水库渗漏、汉寿县阁金口闸特大管涌以及洪泽湖大堤管涌等三个典型案例,应用DB系列堤坝管涌渗漏探测仪准确地探查出了管涌渗漏的入水口部位,为这些工程的及时治理提供了依据。众多成功应用的工程实例,表明流场拟合法能够用于地质地球物理条件复杂的水库查漏、汛期恶劣条件下江河堤防管涌渗漏的快速探测,同时也为仪器的定型及批量生产提供了依据。
通过对流场拟合法的理论研究、数值模拟、物理模拟试验以及工程应用研究,表明流场拟合法是一种抗干扰能力强、工作效率高、分辨率高的堤坝管涌渗漏探测方法,根据流畅拟合法研制生产的仪器装备适用于各种工作条件下堤坝管涌渗漏的快速探查任务。
Geophysical exploration technology has played an important role in detection of the piping and seepage in dykes and dams, but because geophysical exploration technology is an indirect method, and each method has its own conditions,limitations and multiple solutions, especially the traditional geophysical detection methods are helpless when dealing with the piping and leakage, whose depth of burial is greater than its spatial size.At the same time, the results of these methods are not fit for emergency reuse work in flood season. The title of this paper comes from the major project "Research on Characteristics of flood and Approach to Disaster Reduction"(Item Number:50099620) jointly funded by Natural Science Foundation and the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, and Ministry of Science and Technology Project "Research on rapid detection technology of the hidden trouble in dams and equipment development" (item number:2000 science and social welfare expenditure in agriculture special), based on the flow fitting method for detecting the piping and leakage in dykes and dams,which was put forward by academician He Jishan, this paper carries out systematic study on the theories and engineering application of the flow-fitting method, and lay a solid foundation for optimization and upgrading of detection system of the flow fitting method.The main research contents include the fitting theory between flow fluid field and electric current field, the numerical simulation of the flow-fitting method, the physical analogy research of the flow-fitting method, and the engineering application research of the flow-fitting method under different conditions.
In the study of fitting theory between the flow fluid field and electric current field, based on the derivation of the basic principle of the flow-fitting method, the similarities between the flow fluid field and electric current field are confirmed in theory. Through analytical analysis, the feasibility of fitting to flow fluid field of the piping and leakage through fixed-point-source is verified, according to this result, the fitting relation of current density and velocity distribution of flow field are analyzed theoretically under several kinds of ideal situations,which offer the theoretical foundation for further analysis and calculation of the flow-fitting method for the detection of the piping and leakage in dykes and dams.
In the numerical simulation of the flow-fitting method, that the temperature field is used to simulate the electric current field is put forward, through the numerical simulation of the piping and leakage in dykes and dams,the characteristics of the three components of the current density are obtained:X component will produce a bipolar anomaly at the inlet site of the leakage, Y component and Z component will have an extreme value, and Z component has the best effect to distinguish the leakage anomaly, the current density vector converges at the inlet site of the leakage.On this basis, the effects of underwater interferent with low reisitivity, the inclining angle of probe,and the distance from the infinite electrode on the results of detection are done with numerical calculation, the results show that these factors have limited impact on the measurement results of the flow-fitting method.
In the physical analogy research of the flow-fitting method, through a series of indoor and on-the-spot simulation tests,the relevant relations between the anomaly of flow fluid field and the anomaly of electric current field are further defined, and lays a foundation for the production tests of the methods and technologies,the research and development of the equipment, and at the same time verifies the validity of results of numerical simulation.
In the engineering application research under different conditions, the method is applied to detecting the leakage zone of Zhushuqiao reservoir of Liuyang City, Gejinkou gate of Hanshou County and Hongze lake embankment, accurately found out the inlet zone of these piping and seepages,and had offered the scientific basis for prompt administration of these projects.The successful application of these case studies show that the flow-fitting method can be used for the fast survey of the large reservoir with complicated condition, the piping and seepage of river dykes under the abominable conditions in flood season, and as well as offered the basis for finalizing the design of the instrument.
The researches on the theory, numerical simulations,physical modeling test and case studies on the flow-fitting method, indicate that the flow-fitting method is an excellent detection method for piping and leakage in dykes and dams,which has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, high efficiency, high research, and is fit for the fast exploration task of piping and leakage in dykes and dams under various engineering conditions.
引文
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