含煤地层水岩作用与矿井水环境效应
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摘要
本文采用现场观察、资料收集、采样测试、物理模拟、数值模拟等手段,以徐州-大屯矿区为研究对象,从矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、界面化学、环境化学等角度,系统分析了研究区矿井水的污染状况和Hg、As、Se、Cr等重金属元素的来源及溶出机理。按照研究区地下水径流路线,即水文地质单元东部补给区地表水、水文地质单元奥陶系灰岩水与太原组灰岩水、矿井水、矿区地表水的顺序,分别研究了灰岩地层、煤层顶底板、煤层及地表水体的水文地球化学条件、水-岩/水-煤相互作用过程、微量元素的溶出方式及控制机理。通过实验模拟及数据分析,建立了不同地球化学环境中Hg、As、Se、Cr及重金属元素的溶出形式模型,并从环境的pH值、Eh值、温度、离子强度等角度分析了对微量元素溶出行为的控制作用。结果表明:研究区矿井水中Hg、As、Se等元素含量较高,而Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等金属元素含量较低;矿井水中重金属元素溶出的主要位置为含煤地层,其中Se、As、Cr等元素主要来源于煤层顶底板,而Hg的溶出主要与煤层相关;含煤地层微量元素溶出的机理首先表现在吸附对其溶出行为的控制,当微量元素的吸附程度较低时,矿物的氧化溶解成为控制因素,影响及控制这一过程的地球化学条件包括溶液的pH值、Eh值、离子强度等,以及离子交换作用、络合作用及腐殖酸的携带作用等。
The heavy-metal contamination of coal mine water was investigated, and the pollution source, the leaching behavior and mechanism of heavy metal elements were studied using the Xuzhou-Datun coal mine district. Site investigation, data collection, sampling and testing, physical modeling experiments and numerical modeling were applied from the Mineralogy, Petrology, Geochemistry, Interface Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry points of view. Following the flow path of ground water in the study area, which are surface water- carbonate water- coal mine water- surface water, the geochemistry environment, water-rock/water-coal interaction process of the limestone strata and the coal-bearing strata, leaching behavior and controlling mechanism of trace elements in the limestone strata, roof/floor of the coal, coal seam were discussed. As the result of the physical and computer modeling, the leaching behavior model of Hg/As/Se/Cr and some other metal elements were set up. The impact mechanisms of pH/Eh/temperature/ion strength on trace elements leaching were discussed. It is concluded that: the Hg, As, Se concentration were high in the coal mine water so contaminated the coal mine water and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn etc were low; the heavy metal elements were mainly came from the coal-bearing strata, the host rock was the main source of Se, As, Cr, the Hg leaching mainly related to the coal seam; adsorption was the most important mechanism that control trace elements leaching behavior, and the oxidation-dissolution could be the controlling mechanism if the adsorption was weak; the pH, Eh, ion strength of solution and ion-exchange, complexation and humic substance adsorption impact or control the leaching process.
The heavy-metal contamination of coal mine water was investigated, and the pollution source, the leaching behavior and mechanism of heavy metal elements were studied using the Xuzhou-Datun coal mine district. Site investigation, data collection, sampling and testing, physical modeling experiments and numerical modeling were applied from the Mineralogy, Petrology, Geochemistry, Interface Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry points of view. Following the flow path of ground water in the study area, which are surface water- carbonate water- coal mine water- surface water, the geochemistry environment, water-rock/water-coal interaction process of the limestone strata and the coal-bearing strata, leaching behavior and controlling mechanism of trace elements in the limestone strata, roof/floor of the coal, coal seam were discussed. As the result of the physical and computer modeling, the leaching behavior model of Hg/As/Se/Cr and some other metal elements were set up. The impact mechanisms of pH/Eh/temperature/ion strength on trace elements leaching were discussed. It is concluded that: the Hg, As, Se concentration were high in the coal mine water so contaminated the coal mine water and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn etc were low; the heavy metal elements were mainly came from the coal-bearing strata, the host rock was the main source of Se, As, Cr, the Hg leaching mainly related to the coal seam; adsorption was the most important mechanism that control trace elements leaching behavior, and the oxidation-dissolution could be the controlling mechanism if the adsorption was weak; the pH, Eh, ion strength of solution and ion-exchange, complexation and humic substance adsorption impact or control the leaching process.
引文
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