四川省甘孜州温泉类型、成因及旅游开发模式研究
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摘要
甘孜藏族自治州,位于四川省西部、青藏高原东南缘、横断山系北段,地处我国青藏高原向四川盆地过渡地带,是新构造运动最活跃的地区,地质类型复杂多样,以高山和高原为主。境内地势高亢、群山绵亘,高山耸峙,河谷深切,山川相间,现代冰川发育。强烈而活跃的地质构造环境造就了世界一流的地质、地貌、气候、水文与动、植物等自然生态景观,产生了大量可供旅游开发利用的温泉资源,形成了具有独特性、厚重性、神秘性和多元性的绚丽多彩的康巴文化。
本文在简略地介绍研究区的地理位置、区位特征、选题依据及研究意义、国内外研究现状和研究思路后,对甘孜州的温泉资源进行系统研究,探讨温泉的空间分布、类型划分及形成与产出规律。在归纳前人大量研究成果的基础上明确指出甘孜州温泉主要富集于德格-巴塘-乡城地热带、甘孜-理塘地热带、炉霍-康定地热带,地下热水明显地受金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、鲜水河断裂控制。
在此基础上,本文根据温泉形成的地质背景、温度、水化学类型、旅游开发功能等对甘孜州温泉进行详细分类;同时对甘孜州温泉的成因与地质构造关系进行了深入探讨。结合康定榆林宫热矿泉,对其自然环境、地质条件、矿泉成因和水质类型划分进行了实例分析。
本文在分析国内外温泉研究、开发现状与存在问题的基础上,系统总结前人温泉开发的经验与教训,并根据甘孜州具体情况提出在温泉开发建设与管理方面的五点建议,为甘孜州温泉旅游开发提供了重要启示。
最后,本文在全面分析甘孜州旅游开发优势与劣势、机遇与挑战的基础上,运用旅游资源学、市场营销学和旅游规划学等理论,提出了甘孜州温泉旅游开发思路和发展战略,确定了“一心”(康定温泉度假中心)、“一园”(巴塘茶洛国家温泉公园)、“三区”(康东区、康南区和康北区)、“六地”(理塘毛垭、甘孜干因戈、道孚亚拉、稻城茹布和卡斯、乡城热乌温泉)的温泉旅游发展目标,以及为实现此目标应采取的加强环境保护、整合区域资源、精心打造温泉度假产品等各项战略措施。同时根据温泉资源品质和开发条件六大因素提出符合甘孜州实情的温泉资源评价体系和温泉旅游开发模式。
Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, located in the west of Sichuan Province, south-east margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the northern section of transverse mountain ranges, the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the most active region for new tectonic movement, and is variable in geological type with complexity, consisting mainly of mountains and plateaus. In this region, the terrain towering, mountians stretching long, valleys mountains and rivers contiguous, and modern glacier grown fully. A strong and active geological structure created a world-class geology, topography, climate, hydrology, plant and animal, and other natural ecological landscape, producing a large number of hot springs for tourism development, forming a colorful Kangba Tibetan Culture with uniqueness, massiveness, mystery and pluralism.
In this paper, after a brief description on the study of geological location and its characteristics, research basis and its significance, domestic and international present research status and research ideas, this thesis makes a systematic research on hot springs in Ganzi Prefecture, exploring on the spatial allocation, types of division and formation rules of hot springs. Based on many previous reserch achievements, this thesis clearly points out that Ganzi Prefecture hot springs are rich in Dege - Batang geothermal zone, Ganzi-Litang geothermal zone, Luhuo - Kangding geothermal zone, where the underground water obviously are affected by the Jinsha River fracture, Dege - Xiangcheng fracture zone, Xianshuihe fracture zone.
On this base, this paper conducts a detailed classification of the Ganzi hot springs, according to the geological background, temperature, water chemical categories, tourism development functions. Meanwhile, it makes a study in depth on hot springs’the causes and its relationship and combined with Kangding Yulin Palace Hot Mineral Springs, it conducts a case study on the natural environment, geological conditions, mineral water causes and its type.
On the basis of domestic and international hot springs research, present development situation and problems existed, this thesis makes systematic conlusion from previous experience and lessons on hot spring development, and proposes five suggestions in hot springs’development and management according to particular circumstance in Ganzi Prefecture, producing an important enlightment for the hot spring tourism developemnt there.
Finally,making use of the theories of Tourism Resources, Tourism Marketing and Tourism Planning, this paper produces the development method and strategy of hot spring in Ganzi Prefecture, on the basis of its advantagy and disadvantage, opportunity and challenges, and establishes the development goal, as one centre (Kangding Spring Resort Centre), a garden (Hot Springs National Park, Batang Chaluo), three areas (Eastern Kang, Southern Kang and Northern Kang), Six places (Litang Maoya, Ganzi Ganyinge, Daofu Yala, Daochen Rubu and Kasi, Xiangcheng Rewu hot spring). So as to reach this goal, those strategical measures should be strengthened, as environmental protection, regional resources integration, and elaborative building-up of hot spring products, strategic measures. At the same time, in terms of quality and six factors of development requirement, it produces evaluation system and tourism development pattern of hot springs in Ganzi Prefecture.
本文在简略地介绍研究区的地理位置、区位特征、选题依据及研究意义、国内外研究现状和研究思路后,对甘孜州的温泉资源进行系统研究,探讨温泉的空间分布、类型划分及形成与产出规律。在归纳前人大量研究成果的基础上明确指出甘孜州温泉主要富集于德格-巴塘-乡城地热带、甘孜-理塘地热带、炉霍-康定地热带,地下热水明显地受金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、鲜水河断裂控制。
在此基础上,本文根据温泉形成的地质背景、温度、水化学类型、旅游开发功能等对甘孜州温泉进行详细分类;同时对甘孜州温泉的成因与地质构造关系进行了深入探讨。结合康定榆林宫热矿泉,对其自然环境、地质条件、矿泉成因和水质类型划分进行了实例分析。
本文在分析国内外温泉研究、开发现状与存在问题的基础上,系统总结前人温泉开发的经验与教训,并根据甘孜州具体情况提出在温泉开发建设与管理方面的五点建议,为甘孜州温泉旅游开发提供了重要启示。
最后,本文在全面分析甘孜州旅游开发优势与劣势、机遇与挑战的基础上,运用旅游资源学、市场营销学和旅游规划学等理论,提出了甘孜州温泉旅游开发思路和发展战略,确定了“一心”(康定温泉度假中心)、“一园”(巴塘茶洛国家温泉公园)、“三区”(康东区、康南区和康北区)、“六地”(理塘毛垭、甘孜干因戈、道孚亚拉、稻城茹布和卡斯、乡城热乌温泉)的温泉旅游发展目标,以及为实现此目标应采取的加强环境保护、整合区域资源、精心打造温泉度假产品等各项战略措施。同时根据温泉资源品质和开发条件六大因素提出符合甘孜州实情的温泉资源评价体系和温泉旅游开发模式。
Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, located in the west of Sichuan Province, south-east margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the northern section of transverse mountain ranges, the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the most active region for new tectonic movement, and is variable in geological type with complexity, consisting mainly of mountains and plateaus. In this region, the terrain towering, mountians stretching long, valleys mountains and rivers contiguous, and modern glacier grown fully. A strong and active geological structure created a world-class geology, topography, climate, hydrology, plant and animal, and other natural ecological landscape, producing a large number of hot springs for tourism development, forming a colorful Kangba Tibetan Culture with uniqueness, massiveness, mystery and pluralism.
In this paper, after a brief description on the study of geological location and its characteristics, research basis and its significance, domestic and international present research status and research ideas, this thesis makes a systematic research on hot springs in Ganzi Prefecture, exploring on the spatial allocation, types of division and formation rules of hot springs. Based on many previous reserch achievements, this thesis clearly points out that Ganzi Prefecture hot springs are rich in Dege - Batang geothermal zone, Ganzi-Litang geothermal zone, Luhuo - Kangding geothermal zone, where the underground water obviously are affected by the Jinsha River fracture, Dege - Xiangcheng fracture zone, Xianshuihe fracture zone.
On this base, this paper conducts a detailed classification of the Ganzi hot springs, according to the geological background, temperature, water chemical categories, tourism development functions. Meanwhile, it makes a study in depth on hot springs’the causes and its relationship and combined with Kangding Yulin Palace Hot Mineral Springs, it conducts a case study on the natural environment, geological conditions, mineral water causes and its type.
On the basis of domestic and international hot springs research, present development situation and problems existed, this thesis makes systematic conlusion from previous experience and lessons on hot spring development, and proposes five suggestions in hot springs’development and management according to particular circumstance in Ganzi Prefecture, producing an important enlightment for the hot spring tourism developemnt there.
Finally,making use of the theories of Tourism Resources, Tourism Marketing and Tourism Planning, this paper produces the development method and strategy of hot spring in Ganzi Prefecture, on the basis of its advantagy and disadvantage, opportunity and challenges, and establishes the development goal, as one centre (Kangding Spring Resort Centre), a garden (Hot Springs National Park, Batang Chaluo), three areas (Eastern Kang, Southern Kang and Northern Kang), Six places (Litang Maoya, Ganzi Ganyinge, Daofu Yala, Daochen Rubu and Kasi, Xiangcheng Rewu hot spring). So as to reach this goal, those strategical measures should be strengthened, as environmental protection, regional resources integration, and elaborative building-up of hot spring products, strategic measures. At the same time, in terms of quality and six factors of development requirement, it produces evaluation system and tourism development pattern of hot springs in Ganzi Prefecture.
引文
1数据来源:甘孜藏族自治州2008年国民经济和社会发展统计公报
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