注水开发阶段的储层评价与油水分布规律研究
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摘要
多参数识别、定量与定性相结合的方法划分储层流动单元已经成为当今油藏精细描述研究的一种发展趋势。本文以丘陵油田三间房组储层为例,在对研究区三间房组储层沉积单元、沉积微相划分及储层非均质性等研究的基础上,选取孔隙度、渗透率、泥质含量、饱和度中值压力、退汞效率和含油饱和度等6个参数,运用灰色层次分析法(GAHP),对研究区进行了流动单元划分及应用。
本文首先分析了丘陵油田三间房组油藏地质特征,以此为背景,在总结前人研究成果基础上,同时与研究区目前开发中的生产动态资料紧密结合,应用层次分析方法将研究区三间房油藏组细分为5个砂层(油层组),包括23个小层(单砂体)；接着分析了储层的沉积特征、储层物性特征以及储层非均质性。
在以上研究的基础上,根据流动单元的特征,选取合理的划分参数,采用多学科、多方法相结合,运用灰色层次分析法对研究区三间房组储层进行了流动单元的划分；并对所划分的E、G、M、P四类流动单元进行了综合分析,最后落实到分析不同流动单元的注水开发效果,对其划分结果进行动态验证。
分析表明：在该研究区,E类流动单元主要分布在水下分流主河道中心部位,粒间孔、溶蚀孔发育,部分颗粒发育微裂缝,接触方式以点接触为主,连通性好,因此储层物性最好,非均质性弱,具有很强的渗流能力；在注水开发期间,初期产液较高,注水后见效快见水早,含水上升快,易水淹,不是注水开发后期产油的主力流动单元；G类流动单元主要分布在水下分流河道,粒间孔、溶蚀孔发育,接触方式以点到线接触为主,连通性好,非均质性较弱,储集层渗流能力好,在注水开发过程中,该流动单元内水线推进较均匀,采出程度相对比较高,在注水开发初期产液量中等,但含水上升较慢,是目前产油的主力流动单元,如能较好的控制注入量和注入压差,将会获得较理想的开发效果；M类流动单元主要分布在水下分流河道和河道的边部,粒间孔、溶蚀孔不发育,接触方式以线接触为主,储层物性较差,渗流能力差,在注水开发过程中,这类流动单元注入水推进速度较慢,目前动用程度较低,并且剩余油富集,是高含水后期的主力开发的流动单元；P类流动单元亦集中分布在水下分流河道与河道间过渡部位,但是其砂体厚度较薄、岩性较致密,物性差,注入水一般波及不到,不具备开发价值。
以上研究证明,灰色层次分析法所划分的E、G、M、P4类流动单元特征明显,不仅与研究区储层实际特征具有很好的一致性,同时在油田生产动态验证方面也取得了较好的应用效果。从而为油田的进一步挖潜、开发方案的编制提供了可靠的地质依据。
Classification of the reservoir flow units with the multi-parameter, quantitative and qualitative method has become a trend of the reservoir description. Taking reservoir of Sanjianfang formation of the Qiuling oilfield in Turpan-Hami Basin an example, choosing six parameters, such as porosity, permeability, oil saturation, saturation in the value of pressure, back efficiency and clay content of mercury, and utilizing GAHP to divide the reservoir flow units of the stuy area on the base of sedimentary units, sedimentary microfacies and reservoir heterogeneity.
At first, this paper has analyzed the reservoir geological characteristics of Sanjianfang Formation of the Qiuling oilfield, with application of AHP, the reservoir of Sanjianfang Formation has been divided into five reservoir sands group which included 23 small layers (single sand body), based on combining previous studies with dynamic data of the production and development in Qiuling oilfield closely. Then sedimentary characteristics, properties, and heterogeneity of the reservoir have been analysised.
According to the characteristics of flow unit, using GAHP to divide the reservoir flow units based on selecting a reasonable parameters, and multi-disciplinary, multi-method. And E, G, M, P 4-type mobile units have been compositly analysised. Finally, influences on waterflooding effectiveness of different flow units have been analysised to verify results of flow units division dynamicly.
Analysis have showed, E-type mobile units have mainly distributed in the center of underwater distributary channel, which developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity, and micro-cracks partly. Also, it has the best best reservoir properties, weak heterogeneity and the strongest flow capacity which has good connectivity, and the main contact is the point of contact. In the water injectiig period, E-type mobile units was not the development of post-injection flow units of the main oil-producing which initial liquid production was higher, water injection was quick early, water cut rise fastly, and was easy to flooding. G-type mobile units have mainly distributed in underwater distributary channel, which developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity. It has the better reservoir properties, weak heterogeneity and the stronger flow capacity which has good connectivity, and the main contact is from point to line contact. During water injectiig, G-type units were main oil flow units,which waterline promoted more uniform,recovery were relatively higher, and the initial amounts of liquid were medium, but the water rose slowly. If injection rate and injection pressureof G-type units were better controled, they will get better development results. M-type units have mainly distributed in the edge of underwater distributary channel, which hadn,t developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity. It has the weak reservoir properties, and the weak flow capacity which don't have good connectivity, and the main contact is line contact. During water injectiig, M-type units will be the main oil-rich of residual oilwhich have been poorly produced, and slowly promoted by water. This type units were mainly developed in the high water cut stage. P-type units have mainly distributed in the edge of underwater distributary channel and distributary bay, which sand were thinner, lithology was dense, reservoir properties were weakest, the injected water were difficult to spread and almost had no development value.
These studies have shown, E, G, M, P4-type mobile units'features were clear, which have been divided by GAHP. Not only the actual reservoir characteristics has a good consistency, but also have been well verified by dynamic production. Therefore, the results of division of flow units will provide a reliable geological evidence for further tapping and development programs of oil field.
本文首先分析了丘陵油田三间房组油藏地质特征,以此为背景,在总结前人研究成果基础上,同时与研究区目前开发中的生产动态资料紧密结合,应用层次分析方法将研究区三间房油藏组细分为5个砂层(油层组),包括23个小层(单砂体)；接着分析了储层的沉积特征、储层物性特征以及储层非均质性。
在以上研究的基础上,根据流动单元的特征,选取合理的划分参数,采用多学科、多方法相结合,运用灰色层次分析法对研究区三间房组储层进行了流动单元的划分；并对所划分的E、G、M、P四类流动单元进行了综合分析,最后落实到分析不同流动单元的注水开发效果,对其划分结果进行动态验证。
分析表明：在该研究区,E类流动单元主要分布在水下分流主河道中心部位,粒间孔、溶蚀孔发育,部分颗粒发育微裂缝,接触方式以点接触为主,连通性好,因此储层物性最好,非均质性弱,具有很强的渗流能力；在注水开发期间,初期产液较高,注水后见效快见水早,含水上升快,易水淹,不是注水开发后期产油的主力流动单元；G类流动单元主要分布在水下分流河道,粒间孔、溶蚀孔发育,接触方式以点到线接触为主,连通性好,非均质性较弱,储集层渗流能力好,在注水开发过程中,该流动单元内水线推进较均匀,采出程度相对比较高,在注水开发初期产液量中等,但含水上升较慢,是目前产油的主力流动单元,如能较好的控制注入量和注入压差,将会获得较理想的开发效果；M类流动单元主要分布在水下分流河道和河道的边部,粒间孔、溶蚀孔不发育,接触方式以线接触为主,储层物性较差,渗流能力差,在注水开发过程中,这类流动单元注入水推进速度较慢,目前动用程度较低,并且剩余油富集,是高含水后期的主力开发的流动单元；P类流动单元亦集中分布在水下分流河道与河道间过渡部位,但是其砂体厚度较薄、岩性较致密,物性差,注入水一般波及不到,不具备开发价值。
以上研究证明,灰色层次分析法所划分的E、G、M、P4类流动单元特征明显,不仅与研究区储层实际特征具有很好的一致性,同时在油田生产动态验证方面也取得了较好的应用效果。从而为油田的进一步挖潜、开发方案的编制提供了可靠的地质依据。
Classification of the reservoir flow units with the multi-parameter, quantitative and qualitative method has become a trend of the reservoir description. Taking reservoir of Sanjianfang formation of the Qiuling oilfield in Turpan-Hami Basin an example, choosing six parameters, such as porosity, permeability, oil saturation, saturation in the value of pressure, back efficiency and clay content of mercury, and utilizing GAHP to divide the reservoir flow units of the stuy area on the base of sedimentary units, sedimentary microfacies and reservoir heterogeneity.
At first, this paper has analyzed the reservoir geological characteristics of Sanjianfang Formation of the Qiuling oilfield, with application of AHP, the reservoir of Sanjianfang Formation has been divided into five reservoir sands group which included 23 small layers (single sand body), based on combining previous studies with dynamic data of the production and development in Qiuling oilfield closely. Then sedimentary characteristics, properties, and heterogeneity of the reservoir have been analysised.
According to the characteristics of flow unit, using GAHP to divide the reservoir flow units based on selecting a reasonable parameters, and multi-disciplinary, multi-method. And E, G, M, P 4-type mobile units have been compositly analysised. Finally, influences on waterflooding effectiveness of different flow units have been analysised to verify results of flow units division dynamicly.
Analysis have showed, E-type mobile units have mainly distributed in the center of underwater distributary channel, which developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity, and micro-cracks partly. Also, it has the best best reservoir properties, weak heterogeneity and the strongest flow capacity which has good connectivity, and the main contact is the point of contact. In the water injectiig period, E-type mobile units was not the development of post-injection flow units of the main oil-producing which initial liquid production was higher, water injection was quick early, water cut rise fastly, and was easy to flooding. G-type mobile units have mainly distributed in underwater distributary channel, which developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity. It has the better reservoir properties, weak heterogeneity and the stronger flow capacity which has good connectivity, and the main contact is from point to line contact. During water injectiig, G-type units were main oil flow units,which waterline promoted more uniform,recovery were relatively higher, and the initial amounts of liquid were medium, but the water rose slowly. If injection rate and injection pressureof G-type units were better controled, they will get better development results. M-type units have mainly distributed in the edge of underwater distributary channel, which hadn,t developed intergranular pores, dissolution porosity. It has the weak reservoir properties, and the weak flow capacity which don't have good connectivity, and the main contact is line contact. During water injectiig, M-type units will be the main oil-rich of residual oilwhich have been poorly produced, and slowly promoted by water. This type units were mainly developed in the high water cut stage. P-type units have mainly distributed in the edge of underwater distributary channel and distributary bay, which sand were thinner, lithology was dense, reservoir properties were weakest, the injected water were difficult to spread and almost had no development value.
These studies have shown, E, G, M, P4-type mobile units'features were clear, which have been divided by GAHP. Not only the actual reservoir characteristics has a good consistency, but also have been well verified by dynamic production. Therefore, the results of division of flow units will provide a reliable geological evidence for further tapping and development programs of oil field.
引文
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