地震先兆电离层舒曼谐振异常监测方法研究
|
摘要
地震爆发前,伴随巨大能量释放的孕育过程,肯定会有一些物理现象可以被观测到,因而地震是可以预报的,但地震孕育涉及的因素很多,过程也非常复杂。地震短临预报是全球学者苦苦探索了几个世纪的科学难题。近几年,一些学者宣称,地震先兆的电磁监测很可能是短临地震预测的突破口;地震预报要突破,机理研究是关键,而机理研究迫切需要有效的新预测方法支持。由日本学者发现的震前舒曼谐振异常开启了频域地震先兆监测的新思路。然而日本的地面观测舒曼谐振方法受人为工业噪声干扰影响严重,对“异常源”定位困难。本文依据舒曼谐振波在地-电离层谐振腔中分布必然扰动低电离层的假设,研究了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震前兆监测的新方法。利用高频电磁波与舒曼谐振在电离层底部的非线性调制作用,从接收到的高频波中解调出异常舒曼谐振波,进行地震前兆监测,找到了新的可能的地震短临预报方法,全文主要工作概述如下:
(1)提出并研究了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震先兆电磁监测的新方法
首先,阐述了国际上地震电磁监测的发展概况,介绍了近些年国际上发现的地球自然谐振与地震活动关联的研究,明晰了地震先兆监测已进入频域监测的新时期;由此提出的基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震电磁监测的新方法,该监测方法很大程度上降低了极低频人为噪声干扰,减弱了以往的时域监测无法区分地震异常和其它干扰的问题,可揭示地震引发的多层耦合机理并探索异常源定位的可能性,是一种全新的大尺度地震电磁监测方法。该方法监测地-电离层空腔的上边界舒曼谐振,可与地面测量的腔体下边界舒曼谐振对比,进行天地一体化的地震前兆监测。
(2)研究了多次作用模式的电离层交叉调制理论
在Gurevich的电离层交叉调制理论基础上,对多次作用模式的电离层交叉调制理论进行了研究。针对已有交叉调制理论中,没有考虑多次作用条件下电磁波传播引起的相位变化对调制度计算影响的欠缺,本文分析了各向同性和各向异性等离子体条件下,多次作用时电磁波相位变化对最终调制度的影响。结果表明各向异性等离子体中多次作用调制理论和各向同性电离层中计算的结果一致。该研究结论为下一步低电离层高频电磁波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用研究奠定了基础。
(3)研究了多次作用模式的HF-SR作用理论并提出了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震前兆观测新方法
Yampolski提出了大气电场作用下HF-SR(高频波-舒曼谐振, high frequency-Schumann Resonance)作用理论,在其基础上进一步讨论了多次作用模式的HF-SR作用理论。具体研究了舒曼谐振在地-电离层谐振腔里的分布,结合多次作用电离层交叉调制理论的研究结论,讨论了电离层底部高频电磁波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用。结合乌克兰国家科学院的一次验证实验,对环绕地球传播的高频波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用进行了工程计算,结果表明选择电离层的一次反射信号同样可获得与环绕地球传播的高频波接近的调制深度,系统的工程实现难度降低。选择我国BPM短波授时信号,在我国东部沿海地区建设观测站。
(4)提出了便于未来推广布站的基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振异常监测设计并研制了观测系统
在理论研究的基础上,提出了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震前兆监测系统的简化设计方案以便未来推广布站。进行了高频电磁波传播的工程计算并计算了高频段大气无线电噪声、人为噪声及系统内噪声等,结合调制深度的计算结果,提出了系统的设计要求。根据设计要求进行了短波交叉偶极子天线和零中频短波接收机的设计和研制工作,完成了观测系统布站。
(5)分析了低电离层舒曼谐振较长期观测的数据并研究了SR提取方法
观测系统研制完成后,进行了较长时期的监测实验,成功在HF上获取了的舒曼谐振信号。提出了差分滤波法、分段归一化法及曲线拟合法等提取舒曼谐振信号的分析方法。观测结果与国际上舒曼谐振观测进行了对比;分析了观测期间BPM传播路径附近发生的2次地震对应的舒曼谐振情况,结合日本Haywkawa、Ohta等人对震前舒曼谐振异常的规律研究,得到了疑似与河南周口附近的4.7级地震活动有关的舒曼谐振异常信号。
There must be some physical phenomena observed during the preparation process of tremendous energy before the earthquake outbreaks. Therefore, earthquake can be predicted. But the earthquake preparation process generally takes a long time. It is really a complicated process with a lot of factors involved. Short-term and impending earthquake prediction is a difficult problem with attracts the worldwide scholars exploring for centries. In recent years, some scholars claim that monitoring electromagnetic earthquake precursor is likely to be breakthrough in the field of impending earthquake prediction. Especially, the Schumann resonance abnormal before large earthquakes discovered by Japanese scholars provides a new idea of seismic monitoring. However, Japanese ground-based Schumann Resonance observatories are seriously impacted by the man-made noise which makes it difficult to locat the“abnormal source”. It is assumed that Schumann Resonance in the earth-ionosphere cavity must disturb the lower ionosphere. Under this assumption a new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity is researched in this thesis. High frequency electromagnetic waves along with abnormal Schumann Resonance under their nonlinear modulation at the bottom of ionosphere is demodulated on ground to do earthquake precursor monitoring. A new possible impending earthquake prediction method is found. The main work of this thesis is summarized as follows:
(1) A new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity by Schumann Resonance is proposed and researched.
First, the general development of the worldwide earthquake electromagnetic monitoring is studied. The recent research on the relation between natural resonance and seisms is introduced. It appears that a new epoch of earthquake monitoring in frequency-domain starts. And the new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity is proposed. This method overcomes the difficulty that earthquake abnormal and other interferences can not distinguished in time-domain. The ELF artificial interferences can be reduced. It is a new large-scale seismic monitoring method which can reveal the multi-layers coupling mechanism caused by seism and make it possible to locate abnormal source.
(2) Multi-interaction ionospheric cross modulation theory is researched Multi-interaction ionospheric cross modulation theory is researched on the basis of that of Gurevich. In that theory, modulation depth variation due to the electromagnetic wawe phase changes in the multi-interaction condition is not considered. In this thesis, it is analyzed in both the isotropic and anisotropic plasma conditions. The result shows that the modulation depth in the isotropic condition is consistent with that in anisotropic plasma. The conclusion lays the foundation for the nonlinearity interaction of high frequency waves with Schumann Resonance in the lower ionosphere.
(3) Multi-interaction HF-SR nonlinearity theory is researched and a new Schumann Resonance anomaly monitoring method on the ionosphere nonlinearity is proposed.
Yampolski gave the HF-SR (high frequency-Schumann Resonance) theory taking account the atmosphere electric field. On the basis of this, HF-SR multi-interaction theory is discussed. The distribution of Schumann Resonance electric field in the earth-ionosphere cavity is researched. Combining the research of ionospheric cross modulation, the nonlinearity interaction of HF-SR in the lower ionosphere is researched. The interaction of round-the-world signal and Schuamnn Resonance is calculated combining the experiment carried out by Ukraine national academy of science. The result shows that similar modulation depth can be obtained by receiving round-the-world signal and the direct reflection signal from ionosphere. Thus, the short wave time service signal called BPM is chosen to construct a observatory in the eastern coastal area of China.
(4) The simple design of Schumann Resonance observation on ionosphere nonlinearity is put forward and the system is developed.
The simple design plan of Schumann Resonance observation on ionosphere nonlinearity is put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis. High frequency electromagnetic wave propagation engineering calculation and high frequency atmospheric radio noise, man-made noise and receiver noise inside is researched. The design requirement of receiving antenna of the system is made. According to the design requirements, shortwave crossed dipole antenna and the zero-frequency shortwave receiver are designed. The observation system development is completed.
(5) Data of lower ionosphere Schumann Resonance for a long-term are analyzed, and the corresponding methods and results are studied.
A long period of monitoring experiment was operated after the observation system completion. Schumann Resonance was successfully obtained from high frequency signal. The differential filtering method, subsection normalization method and curve-fitting method are put forward to abstract Schumann Rresonance. The observation results are compared with international ones. Two earthquake cases, which happened near BPM propagation paths in observation period, are analyzed. Possible Schumann Resonance anomaly related to the Ms 4.7 earthquake in Zhoukou, Henan province is obtained, according to the Schumann Resonance anomaly phenomena observed by Japanese scholars, Hayakawa and Ohta.
(1)提出并研究了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震先兆电磁监测的新方法
首先,阐述了国际上地震电磁监测的发展概况,介绍了近些年国际上发现的地球自然谐振与地震活动关联的研究,明晰了地震先兆监测已进入频域监测的新时期;由此提出的基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震电磁监测的新方法,该监测方法很大程度上降低了极低频人为噪声干扰,减弱了以往的时域监测无法区分地震异常和其它干扰的问题,可揭示地震引发的多层耦合机理并探索异常源定位的可能性,是一种全新的大尺度地震电磁监测方法。该方法监测地-电离层空腔的上边界舒曼谐振,可与地面测量的腔体下边界舒曼谐振对比,进行天地一体化的地震前兆监测。
(2)研究了多次作用模式的电离层交叉调制理论
在Gurevich的电离层交叉调制理论基础上,对多次作用模式的电离层交叉调制理论进行了研究。针对已有交叉调制理论中,没有考虑多次作用条件下电磁波传播引起的相位变化对调制度计算影响的欠缺,本文分析了各向同性和各向异性等离子体条件下,多次作用时电磁波相位变化对最终调制度的影响。结果表明各向异性等离子体中多次作用调制理论和各向同性电离层中计算的结果一致。该研究结论为下一步低电离层高频电磁波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用研究奠定了基础。
(3)研究了多次作用模式的HF-SR作用理论并提出了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震前兆观测新方法
Yampolski提出了大气电场作用下HF-SR(高频波-舒曼谐振, high frequency-Schumann Resonance)作用理论,在其基础上进一步讨论了多次作用模式的HF-SR作用理论。具体研究了舒曼谐振在地-电离层谐振腔里的分布,结合多次作用电离层交叉调制理论的研究结论,讨论了电离层底部高频电磁波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用。结合乌克兰国家科学院的一次验证实验,对环绕地球传播的高频波与舒曼谐振的非线性作用进行了工程计算,结果表明选择电离层的一次反射信号同样可获得与环绕地球传播的高频波接近的调制深度,系统的工程实现难度降低。选择我国BPM短波授时信号,在我国东部沿海地区建设观测站。
(4)提出了便于未来推广布站的基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振异常监测设计并研制了观测系统
在理论研究的基础上,提出了基于电离层非线性的舒曼谐振地震前兆监测系统的简化设计方案以便未来推广布站。进行了高频电磁波传播的工程计算并计算了高频段大气无线电噪声、人为噪声及系统内噪声等,结合调制深度的计算结果,提出了系统的设计要求。根据设计要求进行了短波交叉偶极子天线和零中频短波接收机的设计和研制工作,完成了观测系统布站。
(5)分析了低电离层舒曼谐振较长期观测的数据并研究了SR提取方法
观测系统研制完成后,进行了较长时期的监测实验,成功在HF上获取了的舒曼谐振信号。提出了差分滤波法、分段归一化法及曲线拟合法等提取舒曼谐振信号的分析方法。观测结果与国际上舒曼谐振观测进行了对比;分析了观测期间BPM传播路径附近发生的2次地震对应的舒曼谐振情况,结合日本Haywkawa、Ohta等人对震前舒曼谐振异常的规律研究,得到了疑似与河南周口附近的4.7级地震活动有关的舒曼谐振异常信号。
There must be some physical phenomena observed during the preparation process of tremendous energy before the earthquake outbreaks. Therefore, earthquake can be predicted. But the earthquake preparation process generally takes a long time. It is really a complicated process with a lot of factors involved. Short-term and impending earthquake prediction is a difficult problem with attracts the worldwide scholars exploring for centries. In recent years, some scholars claim that monitoring electromagnetic earthquake precursor is likely to be breakthrough in the field of impending earthquake prediction. Especially, the Schumann resonance abnormal before large earthquakes discovered by Japanese scholars provides a new idea of seismic monitoring. However, Japanese ground-based Schumann Resonance observatories are seriously impacted by the man-made noise which makes it difficult to locat the“abnormal source”. It is assumed that Schumann Resonance in the earth-ionosphere cavity must disturb the lower ionosphere. Under this assumption a new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity is researched in this thesis. High frequency electromagnetic waves along with abnormal Schumann Resonance under their nonlinear modulation at the bottom of ionosphere is demodulated on ground to do earthquake precursor monitoring. A new possible impending earthquake prediction method is found. The main work of this thesis is summarized as follows:
(1) A new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity by Schumann Resonance is proposed and researched.
First, the general development of the worldwide earthquake electromagnetic monitoring is studied. The recent research on the relation between natural resonance and seisms is introduced. It appears that a new epoch of earthquake monitoring in frequency-domain starts. And the new Schumann Resonance earthquake precursor monitoring method based on ionospheric nonlinearity is proposed. This method overcomes the difficulty that earthquake abnormal and other interferences can not distinguished in time-domain. The ELF artificial interferences can be reduced. It is a new large-scale seismic monitoring method which can reveal the multi-layers coupling mechanism caused by seism and make it possible to locate abnormal source.
(2) Multi-interaction ionospheric cross modulation theory is researched Multi-interaction ionospheric cross modulation theory is researched on the basis of that of Gurevich. In that theory, modulation depth variation due to the electromagnetic wawe phase changes in the multi-interaction condition is not considered. In this thesis, it is analyzed in both the isotropic and anisotropic plasma conditions. The result shows that the modulation depth in the isotropic condition is consistent with that in anisotropic plasma. The conclusion lays the foundation for the nonlinearity interaction of high frequency waves with Schumann Resonance in the lower ionosphere.
(3) Multi-interaction HF-SR nonlinearity theory is researched and a new Schumann Resonance anomaly monitoring method on the ionosphere nonlinearity is proposed.
Yampolski gave the HF-SR (high frequency-Schumann Resonance) theory taking account the atmosphere electric field. On the basis of this, HF-SR multi-interaction theory is discussed. The distribution of Schumann Resonance electric field in the earth-ionosphere cavity is researched. Combining the research of ionospheric cross modulation, the nonlinearity interaction of HF-SR in the lower ionosphere is researched. The interaction of round-the-world signal and Schuamnn Resonance is calculated combining the experiment carried out by Ukraine national academy of science. The result shows that similar modulation depth can be obtained by receiving round-the-world signal and the direct reflection signal from ionosphere. Thus, the short wave time service signal called BPM is chosen to construct a observatory in the eastern coastal area of China.
(4) The simple design of Schumann Resonance observation on ionosphere nonlinearity is put forward and the system is developed.
The simple design plan of Schumann Resonance observation on ionosphere nonlinearity is put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis. High frequency electromagnetic wave propagation engineering calculation and high frequency atmospheric radio noise, man-made noise and receiver noise inside is researched. The design requirement of receiving antenna of the system is made. According to the design requirements, shortwave crossed dipole antenna and the zero-frequency shortwave receiver are designed. The observation system development is completed.
(5) Data of lower ionosphere Schumann Resonance for a long-term are analyzed, and the corresponding methods and results are studied.
A long period of monitoring experiment was operated after the observation system completion. Schumann Resonance was successfully obtained from high frequency signal. The differential filtering method, subsection normalization method and curve-fitting method are put forward to abstract Schumann Rresonance. The observation results are compared with international ones. Two earthquake cases, which happened near BPM propagation paths in observation period, are analyzed. Possible Schumann Resonance anomaly related to the Ms 4.7 earthquake in Zhoukou, Henan province is obtained, according to the Schumann Resonance anomaly phenomena observed by Japanese scholars, Hayakawa and Ohta.
引文
[1]王继军,赵国泽,詹艳,等.中国地震电磁现象的观测与研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005(2):11-21.
[2]郭亚红.地震前的电磁效应[J].地震地质,2006(3):481-486.
[3] Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A. Summary Report of Nasda's Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Project[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9):617-625.
[4] Pulinets S A, Leyva Contreras A, Kostoglodov V, et al. Prevention Project: A Complex Geophysical Observatory in Mexico as a Test Facility for Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Models[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2004, 29(4-9):657-662.
[5] Grimalsky V, Kotsarenko A, Pulinets S, et al. On the Modulation of Intensity of Alfven Resonances before Earthquakes: Observations and Model[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(1):1-6.
[6] Sorokin V M, Chmyrev V M, Yaschenko a K. Electrodynamic Model of the Lower Atmosphere and the Ionosphere Coupling[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2001, 63(16):1681-1691.
[7]张学民,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.国外地震电磁现象观测[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):687-694.
[8] Varotsos P, Alexopoulos K, And Nomicos K. Seismic Electric Currents[J]. Proceedings of the Academy of Athens 1981, 1981, 56:277-286.
[9] Sue Y, Hayakawa M. The effect of earth tides as observed in seismo-electromagnetic precursory signals [J]. Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences, 2009, 9(5):1733-1741.
[10]祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层tec异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008(6):16-21.
[11]张学民,申旭辉,欧阳新艳,等.汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象[J].电波科学学报,2009(6):1024-1032.
[12] Smirnova N A, Hayakawa M. Fractal Characteristics of the Ground-Observed ULF Emissions in Relation to Geomagnetic and Seismic Activities[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1833-1841.
[13] Yumoto K, Ikemoto S, Cardinal M G, et al. A New ULF Wave Analysis forSeismo-Electromagnetics Using Cpmn/Magdas Data[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):360-366.
[14] Hayakawa M, Itoh T, Hattori K, et al. ULF Electromagnetic Precursors for an Earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(10):1531-1534.
[15] Nagao T, Enomoto Y, Fujinawa Y, et al. Electromagnetic Anomalies Associated with 1995 Kobe Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2002, 33(4-5):401-411.
[16] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M. The Observation of Ultra-Low Frequency Emissions at Nakatsugawa, Japan, in Possible Association with the Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, 28(13-14):3121-3131.
[17] Saroso S, Hattori K, Ishikawa H, et al. ULF Geomagnetic Anomalous Changes Possibly Associated with 2004-2005 Sumatra Earthquakes[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):343-349.
[18] Murakami S, Takumi I, Hata M, et al. Study on Analysis of Em Radiation Source Based on Eigenvector[C]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003:4132-4134.
[19] Minoru. T, Shigeo. K, Tadayoshi K. A Method of Direction Finding for Dispersive Electromagnetic Pulses[J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications (Japanese Edition), 2006, J89-B (1):1-9.
[20] Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Jhuang H K, et al. Ionospheric Fof2 and Tec Anomalous Days Associated with M >= 5.0 Earthquakes in Taiwan During 1997-1999[J]. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2004, 15(3):371-383.
[21] Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Pulinets S A, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Signatures Prior to M >= 6.0 Taiwan Earthquakes[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(19):3113-3116.
[22] Chuo Y J, Chen Y I, Liu J Y, et al. Ionospheric foF2 Variations Prior to Strong Earthquakes in Taiwan Area[C]. Advances in Remote Sensing of the Middle and upper Atmosphere and the Ionosphere, 2001 27(3-7):1305-1310.
[23] Pulinets S A, Boyarchuk K A, Lomonosov a M, et al. Ionospheric Precursors to Earthquakes: A Preliminary Analysis of the Fof2 Critical Frequencies at Chung-Li Ground-Based Station for Vertical Sounding of the Ionosphere (Taiwan Island)[J]. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2002, 42(4):508-513.
[24] Hasbi a M, Momani M A, Mohd Ali M A, et al. Ionospheric and Geomagnetic Disturbances During the 2005 Sumatran Earthquakes[J]. Journal ofAtmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009, 71(17-18):1992-2005.
[25] Parrot M, Mogilevsky M M. VLF Emissions Associated with Earthquakes and Observed in the Ionosphere and the Magnetosphere[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1989, 57(1-2):86-99.
[26] Liu J, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. Temporal and Spatial Precursors in the Ionospheric Gps Total Electron Content Observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra - Andaman Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:A09312.
[27] Liu J, Chen S, Chen Y, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Precursors of the 26 December 2006 M 7.0 Pingtung Earthquake Doublet[J]. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2008, 19:751-759.
[28] Liu J, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Gps Total Electron Content Anomalies Observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:A04320.
[29] Xu Tong, Wu Zhensen, Wu Jian, Hu Yanli, et al. Anomalous Enhancement of the Ionospheric TEC before Haiti Earthquake on 12 January 2010[C]. 2010 9th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, 2010:610-613.
[30] Jhuang H-K, Ho Y-Y, Kakinami Y, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Anomalies of the Gps-Tec Appear before the 12 May 2008 Magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 31(13):3579-3587.
[31] Yiyan Z, Yun W, Xuejun Q, et al. Ionospheric Anomalies Detected by Ground-Based Gps before the Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008, China[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009, 71(8-9):959-966.
[32] Dabas R S, Das R M, Sharma K, et al. Ionospheric Pre-Cursors Observed over Low Latitudes During Some of the Recent Major Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1813-1824.
[33] Borisov N, Chmyrev V, Rybachek S. A New Ionospheric Mechanism of Electromagnetic ELF Precursors to Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2001, 63(1):3-10.
[34] Lagoutte D, Brochot J Y, De Carvalho D, et al. The Demeter Science Mission Centre[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):428-440.
[35] Park J, Luhr H, Min K W, et al. Plasma Density Undulations in the Nighttime Mid-Latitude F-Region as Observed by Champ, Kompsat-1, and Dmsp F15[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(2-3):183-192.
[36] Siingh D, Singh R P, Kamra a K, et al. Review of Electromagnetic Coupling between the Earth's Atmosphere and the Space Environment[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2005, 67(6):637-658.
[37] Parrot M. Use of Satellites to Detect Seismo-Electromagnetic Effects[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1995, 15(11):27-35.
[38] Parrot M, Benoist D, Berthelier J J, et al. The Magnetic Field Experiment Imsc and Its Data Processing Onboard Demeter: Scientific Objectives, Description and First Results[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):441-455.
[39] Isaev N, Serebriakova O, Teodosiev D. Electromagnetic and Plasma Effects of the Seismological Activity in the Earth Ionosphere[J]. Bulgarian Journal of Physics, 2000, 27(2):43-46.
[40] Bhattacharya S, Sarkar S, Gwal a K, et al. Electric and Magnetic Field Perturbations Recorded by Demeter Satellite before Seismic Events of the 17th July 2006 M 7.7 Earthquake in Indonesia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009, 34(5):634-644.
[41] Blecki J, Parrot M, Wronowski R. Studies of the electromagnetic field variations in ELF frequency range registered by DEMETER over the Sichuan region prior to the 12 May 2008 earthquake [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 30(13):3615-3629.
[42]赵国泽,陈小斌,蔡军涛.电磁卫星和地震预测[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):667-673.
[43]汤吉,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.地震电磁卫星载荷及现状[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):679-686.
[44]卓贤军,赵国泽,王继军,等.地震预测中的电磁卫星[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005(2):1-5.
[45] Yonaiguchi N, Ida Y, Hayakawa M. On the Statistical Correlation of over-Horizon Vhf Signals with Meteorological Radio Ducting and Seismicity[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(6):661-674.
[46] Parrot M, Berthelier J J, Lebreton J P, et al. Examples of Unusual Ionospheric Observations Made by the Demeter Satellite over Seismic Regions[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2006, 31(4-9):486-495.
[47] Zhang X, Shen X, Liu J, et al. Ionospheric Perturbations of Electron Density before the Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2010, 31(13):3559– 3569.
[48] Blecki J, M.Parrot, R.Wronowski. Studies of the Electromagnetic Field Variations in ELF Frequency Range Registered by Demeter over the Sichuan Region Prior to the 12 May 2008 Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 31(13):3615-3629
[49] Sarkar S, Gwal a K. Satellite Monitoring of Anomalous Effects in the Ionosphere Related to the Great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008[J]. Natural Hazards, 2010, 55(2):321-332.
[50] Rodger C J, Clilverd M A, Seppaelae A, et al. Radiation Belt Electron Precipitation Due to Geomagnetic Storms: Significance to Middle Atmosphere Ozone Chemistry[J]. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2010, 115:A11320.
[51] Rapoport V O, Frolov V L, Polyakov S V, et al. VLF Electromagnetic Field Structures in Ionosphere Disturbed by Sura Rf Heating Facility[J]. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2010, 115:A10322.
[52] Milikh G M, Demekhov a G, Papadopoulos K, et al. Model for Artificial Ionospheric Duct Formation Due to Hf Heating[J]. Geophysics Research Letters, 2010, 37(L07803)
[53] Zlotnicki J, Le Mouel J L, Kanwar R, et al. Ground-Based Electromagnetic Studies Combined with Remote Sensing Based on Demeter Mission: A Way to Monitor Active Faults and Volcanoes[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):541-557.
[54] Harrison R G, Aplin K L, Rycroft M J. Atmospheric Electricity Coupling between Earthquake Regions and the Ionosphere[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(5-6):376-381.
[55] Hayakawa M. The Use of Subionospheric VLF/LF Propagation as the Means to Study Ionospheric Perturbations Associated with Earthquakes[C]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005:772-775.
[56] Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, Ondoh T, et al., The Precursory Signature Effect of the Kobe Earthquake on VLF Subionospheric Signals[J]. J. Commun. Res. Lab., 1996,43:169-180.
[57] Hayakawa M, Surkov V V, Fukumoto Y, et al. Characteristics of Vhf over-Horizon Signals Possibly Related to Impending Earthquakes and a Mechanism of Seismo-Atmospheric Perturbations[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(9):1057-1062.
[58] Horie T, Yamauchi T, Yoshida M, et al. The Wave-Like Structures ofIonospheric Perturbation Associated with Sumatra Earthquake of 26 December 2004, as Revealed from VLF Observation in Japan of Nwc Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(9):1021-1028.
[59] Grimalsky V V, Hayakawa M, Ivchenko V N, et al. Penetration of an Electrostatic Field from the Lithosphere into the Ionosphere and Its Effect on the D-Region before Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2003, 65(4):391-407.
[60] Yamauchi T, Maekawa S, Horie T, et al. Subionospheric VLF/LF Monitoring of Ionospheric Perturbations for the 2004 Mid-Niigata Earthquake and Their Structure and Dynamics[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(7):793-802.
[61] Molchanov O A, Hayakawa M, Miyaki K. VLF/LF Sounding of the Lower Ionosphere to Study the Role of Atmospheric Oscillations in the Lithosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.[J]. Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 2001, 15:146-158.
[62] Shvets a V, Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, et al. A Study of Ionospheric Response to Regional Seismic Activity by VLF Radio Sounding[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9):627-637.
[63] Yonaiguchi N, Ida Y, Hayakawa M, et al. Fractal Analysis for Vhf Electromagnetic Noises and the Identification of Preseismic Signature of an Earthquake[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1825-1832.
[64] Kushida Y, Kushida R. On a Possibility of Earthquake Forecast by Radio Observations in the Vhf Band[J]. RIKEN Review, 1998, 19:152-160.
[65] Kushida Y, Kushida R. Possibility of Earthquake Forecast by Radio Observations in the Vhf Band.[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 2002, 22:239-255.
[66] Fukumoto Y, Hayakawa M, Yasuda H. Investigation of over-Horizon Vhf Radio Signals Associated with Earthquakes.[J]. Natural Hazards Earth System Science, 2001, 1:107-112.
[67] Takano T, Yagi Y, Sakai K. Spectrum Analysis of Anomalous Propagation of Fm Radio Broadcasting Waves Possibly Related to Earthquakes.[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 2002, 22(3):257-275.
[68] Takano T, Sakai K, Nagashima I, et al. Broadband Observations of Propagation Anomaly of VHF Waves Transmitted from Oversea Broadcasting Stations[C]. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 2004:368-371.
[69] Takano T, Sakai K, Ujigawa S, et al. Propagation Anomaly of Oversea Vhf Waves Possibly Associated with Earthquakes[C]. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 2004:554-557.
[70] Schumann W O. ber Die Ausbreitung Sehr Langer Elektriseher Wellen Um Die Signale Des Blitzes[J]. Nuovo Cimento 1952, 9(12):1116-1138.
[71] Bliokh P V, Nickolaenko A P, Filippov Y F. Schumann Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity.[M]. New York:1980.
[72]熊皓.无线电波传播[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:754-755.
[73]倪彬彬,赵正予,魏寒颖.电离层阿尔芬谐振器对高频入射波的调制[J].电波科学学报,2004(01)
[74]潘威炎.长波超长波极长波传播[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[75] Tulunay Y, Altuntas E, Tulunay E, et al. A Case Study on the ELF Characterization of the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity: Forecasting the Schumann Resonance Intensities[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2008, 70(2-4):669-674.
[76] Nickolaenko A P, Hayakawa M. Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity[M]. Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[77] Williams E R. Lightning and Climate: A Review[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2005, 76(1-4):272-287.
[78] Hayakawa M, Ohta K, Nickolaenko a P, et al. Anomalous Effect in Schumann Resonance Phenomena Observed in Japan, Possibly Associated with the Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan[J]. Annales Geophysicae, 2005, 23(4):1335-1346.
[79] Volland H. Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics[J]. 1:269.
[80] Grimalsky V, A.Kotsarenko, Koshevaya S, et al. A Possible Mechanism of Modulation of Intensity of Alfvén Resonances at the Earth's Surface before Earthquakes.[J]. GEOS, 2007, 27(1):30.
[81] Ohta K, Hanai S, Watanabe N, et al. Precursor of the Earthquake and Schumann Resonance[J]. Journal of Research Institute for Science and Technology, 2003, 15:111-121.
[82] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M. Survey of Anomalous Schumann Resonance Phenomena Observed in Japan, in Possible Association with Earthquakes in Taiwan[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2006, 31(4-9):397-402.
[83] Ohta K, Izutsu J, Hayakawa M. Anomalous Excitation of SchumannResonances and Additional Anomalous Resonances before the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and the 2007 Noto Hantou Earthquake[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):441-448.
[84] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M, et al., The observation of ULF emissions at Nakatsugawa in possible association with the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture earthquake [J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2005, 57(11):1103-1108.
[85] Hayakawa M, Nickolaenko a P, Sekiguchi M, et al. Anomalous ELF Phenomena in the Schumann Resonance Band as Observed at Moshiri (Japan) in Possible Association with an Earthquake in Taiwan[J]. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 2008, 8(6):1309-1316.
[86] Ohta K, Izutsu J, Hayakawa M. Anomalous Excitation of Schumann Resonances and Additional Anomalous Resonances before the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and the 2007 Noto Hantou Earthquake[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):441-448.
[87] Hayakawa M, Ohta K. The Importance of Direction Finding Technique for the Study of VLF/ELF sferics and Whistlers[J]. IEEJ Trans.FM, 2006, 126(2):65-70.
[88] Yampolski Y M, Bliokh P V, Beley V S, et al. Non-Linear Interaction between Schumann Resonances and Hf Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1997, 59(3):335-342.
[89] Bailey V A, Martin D F. The Influence of Electric Waves on the Ionosphere[J]. Phil.Mag., 1934, 18(7):369-386.
[90] Ferraro a J, Lee H S, Allshouse R, et al. VLF/ELF Radiation from the Ionospheric Dynamo Current System Modulated by Powerful Hf Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1982, 44(12):1113-1122.
[91] Stubbe P, Kopka H. Summary of Results Obtained with the Tromso Heating Facility[J]. Radio Science, 1982, 18(6):831-834.
[92] Papadopoulos K, Chang C L, Vitello P, et al. On the Efficiency of Ionospheric ELF Generation[J]. Radio Science, 1990, 25(6):1311-1320.
[93] James H G, Dowden R L, Rietveld M T, et al. Simultaneous Observations of ELF Waves from an Artificially Modulated Auroral Electrojet in Space and on the Ground[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984, 89:1655-1666.
[94] Moore R C. ELF/VLF Wave Generation by Modulated HF Heating of the Auroral Electrojet[D]. Stanford :Stanford University, 2007.
[95] Gurevich A V. Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere[M]. New York:Springer, 1978: 113-114.
[96]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[97]焦培南,张忠治.雷达环境与电波传播特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[98] Alpert Y L. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and the Ionosphere[J]. Nauka, 1972
[99] Gringel W, Rosen J M, Hofmann D J, The Earth's Electrical Environment[M]. DC:National Academy Press, 1986:166.
[100]Gurevich A V. Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere[M]. New York.Springer:1978.
[101]熊皓.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[102]Fullekrug M, Constable S. Global Triangulation of Intense Lightning Discharges[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(333-336).
[103]Tyler M A. Round-the-World High Frequency Propoagation: A Synoptic Study[R]. 1996.
[104]E.O.Hulburt. On Round-the-World Signals.[J]. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 1928, 16(3):287-289.
[105]肖景明,王元坤.电波传播工程计算[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1989:45-60.
[106]贾立清. BPM信号的处理及其应用[J].山东电子,1996(3):18-20.
[107]陈洪卿. BPM短波时号用户指南[J].陕西天文台台刊,1989.
[108]李川.浅谈短波监测天线的选择[J].中国无线电,2006(2):44-47.
[109]Miron P D D B, Open-Ended Antennas[C]. Newnes: Burlington, 2006:133-177.
[110] Miron P D D B, Introduction to Numerical Modeling of Wire Antennas[C]. Newnes: Burlington, 2006:75-112.
[111] Moessner K, Bourse D, Greifendorf D, et al. Software Radio and Reconfiguration Management[J]. Computer Communications, 2003, 26(1):26-35.
[112]李智群,王志功.零中频接收机技术[J].电子产品世界,2004,7:69-72.
[113]郄秀书,周筠珺,袁铁.卫星观测到的全球闪电活动及其地域差异[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):743-751.
[114] Hayakawa M, Ohta K, Sorokin V M, et al. Interpretation in Terms of Gyrotropic Waves of Schumann-Resonance-Like Line Emissions Observed at Nakatsugawa in Possible Association with Nearby Japanese Earthquakes[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(17):1292-1298.
[115] Ohta K, Umeda K, Watanabe N, t al. ELF magnetic fields at Nakatsugawa in Japan on Taiwan earthquakes[C]. Sixteenth International Wroclaw Symposium and Exhibition Electromagnetic Compatibility 2002, 2002, 2:717-721.
[116] Nickolaenko A P, Hayakawa M, Sekiguchi M, et al. Model Modifications in Schumann Resonance Intensity Caused by a Localized Ionosphere Disturbance over the Earthquake Epicenter[J]. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24(2):567-575.
[2]郭亚红.地震前的电磁效应[J].地震地质,2006(3):481-486.
[3] Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A. Summary Report of Nasda's Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Project[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9):617-625.
[4] Pulinets S A, Leyva Contreras A, Kostoglodov V, et al. Prevention Project: A Complex Geophysical Observatory in Mexico as a Test Facility for Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Models[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2004, 29(4-9):657-662.
[5] Grimalsky V, Kotsarenko A, Pulinets S, et al. On the Modulation of Intensity of Alfven Resonances before Earthquakes: Observations and Model[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(1):1-6.
[6] Sorokin V M, Chmyrev V M, Yaschenko a K. Electrodynamic Model of the Lower Atmosphere and the Ionosphere Coupling[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2001, 63(16):1681-1691.
[7]张学民,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.国外地震电磁现象观测[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):687-694.
[8] Varotsos P, Alexopoulos K, And Nomicos K. Seismic Electric Currents[J]. Proceedings of the Academy of Athens 1981, 1981, 56:277-286.
[9] Sue Y, Hayakawa M. The effect of earth tides as observed in seismo-electromagnetic precursory signals [J]. Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences, 2009, 9(5):1733-1741.
[10]祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层tec异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008(6):16-21.
[11]张学民,申旭辉,欧阳新艳,等.汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象[J].电波科学学报,2009(6):1024-1032.
[12] Smirnova N A, Hayakawa M. Fractal Characteristics of the Ground-Observed ULF Emissions in Relation to Geomagnetic and Seismic Activities[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1833-1841.
[13] Yumoto K, Ikemoto S, Cardinal M G, et al. A New ULF Wave Analysis forSeismo-Electromagnetics Using Cpmn/Magdas Data[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):360-366.
[14] Hayakawa M, Itoh T, Hattori K, et al. ULF Electromagnetic Precursors for an Earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(10):1531-1534.
[15] Nagao T, Enomoto Y, Fujinawa Y, et al. Electromagnetic Anomalies Associated with 1995 Kobe Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2002, 33(4-5):401-411.
[16] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M. The Observation of Ultra-Low Frequency Emissions at Nakatsugawa, Japan, in Possible Association with the Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, 28(13-14):3121-3131.
[17] Saroso S, Hattori K, Ishikawa H, et al. ULF Geomagnetic Anomalous Changes Possibly Associated with 2004-2005 Sumatra Earthquakes[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):343-349.
[18] Murakami S, Takumi I, Hata M, et al. Study on Analysis of Em Radiation Source Based on Eigenvector[C]. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003:4132-4134.
[19] Minoru. T, Shigeo. K, Tadayoshi K. A Method of Direction Finding for Dispersive Electromagnetic Pulses[J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications (Japanese Edition), 2006, J89-B (1):1-9.
[20] Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Jhuang H K, et al. Ionospheric Fof2 and Tec Anomalous Days Associated with M >= 5.0 Earthquakes in Taiwan During 1997-1999[J]. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2004, 15(3):371-383.
[21] Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Pulinets S A, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Signatures Prior to M >= 6.0 Taiwan Earthquakes[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(19):3113-3116.
[22] Chuo Y J, Chen Y I, Liu J Y, et al. Ionospheric foF2 Variations Prior to Strong Earthquakes in Taiwan Area[C]. Advances in Remote Sensing of the Middle and upper Atmosphere and the Ionosphere, 2001 27(3-7):1305-1310.
[23] Pulinets S A, Boyarchuk K A, Lomonosov a M, et al. Ionospheric Precursors to Earthquakes: A Preliminary Analysis of the Fof2 Critical Frequencies at Chung-Li Ground-Based Station for Vertical Sounding of the Ionosphere (Taiwan Island)[J]. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2002, 42(4):508-513.
[24] Hasbi a M, Momani M A, Mohd Ali M A, et al. Ionospheric and Geomagnetic Disturbances During the 2005 Sumatran Earthquakes[J]. Journal ofAtmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009, 71(17-18):1992-2005.
[25] Parrot M, Mogilevsky M M. VLF Emissions Associated with Earthquakes and Observed in the Ionosphere and the Magnetosphere[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1989, 57(1-2):86-99.
[26] Liu J, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. Temporal and Spatial Precursors in the Ionospheric Gps Total Electron Content Observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra - Andaman Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:A09312.
[27] Liu J, Chen S, Chen Y, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Precursors of the 26 December 2006 M 7.0 Pingtung Earthquake Doublet[J]. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2008, 19:751-759.
[28] Liu J, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Gps Total Electron Content Anomalies Observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:A04320.
[29] Xu Tong, Wu Zhensen, Wu Jian, Hu Yanli, et al. Anomalous Enhancement of the Ionospheric TEC before Haiti Earthquake on 12 January 2010[C]. 2010 9th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, 2010:610-613.
[30] Jhuang H-K, Ho Y-Y, Kakinami Y, et al. Seismo-Ionospheric Anomalies of the Gps-Tec Appear before the 12 May 2008 Magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 31(13):3579-3587.
[31] Yiyan Z, Yun W, Xuejun Q, et al. Ionospheric Anomalies Detected by Ground-Based Gps before the Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008, China[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009, 71(8-9):959-966.
[32] Dabas R S, Das R M, Sharma K, et al. Ionospheric Pre-Cursors Observed over Low Latitudes During Some of the Recent Major Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1813-1824.
[33] Borisov N, Chmyrev V, Rybachek S. A New Ionospheric Mechanism of Electromagnetic ELF Precursors to Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2001, 63(1):3-10.
[34] Lagoutte D, Brochot J Y, De Carvalho D, et al. The Demeter Science Mission Centre[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):428-440.
[35] Park J, Luhr H, Min K W, et al. Plasma Density Undulations in the Nighttime Mid-Latitude F-Region as Observed by Champ, Kompsat-1, and Dmsp F15[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(2-3):183-192.
[36] Siingh D, Singh R P, Kamra a K, et al. Review of Electromagnetic Coupling between the Earth's Atmosphere and the Space Environment[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2005, 67(6):637-658.
[37] Parrot M. Use of Satellites to Detect Seismo-Electromagnetic Effects[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1995, 15(11):27-35.
[38] Parrot M, Benoist D, Berthelier J J, et al. The Magnetic Field Experiment Imsc and Its Data Processing Onboard Demeter: Scientific Objectives, Description and First Results[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):441-455.
[39] Isaev N, Serebriakova O, Teodosiev D. Electromagnetic and Plasma Effects of the Seismological Activity in the Earth Ionosphere[J]. Bulgarian Journal of Physics, 2000, 27(2):43-46.
[40] Bhattacharya S, Sarkar S, Gwal a K, et al. Electric and Magnetic Field Perturbations Recorded by Demeter Satellite before Seismic Events of the 17th July 2006 M 7.7 Earthquake in Indonesia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009, 34(5):634-644.
[41] Blecki J, Parrot M, Wronowski R. Studies of the electromagnetic field variations in ELF frequency range registered by DEMETER over the Sichuan region prior to the 12 May 2008 earthquake [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 30(13):3615-3629.
[42]赵国泽,陈小斌,蔡军涛.电磁卫星和地震预测[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):667-673.
[43]汤吉,赵国泽,陈小斌,等.地震电磁卫星载荷及现状[J].地球物理学进展,2007(3):679-686.
[44]卓贤军,赵国泽,王继军,等.地震预测中的电磁卫星[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005(2):1-5.
[45] Yonaiguchi N, Ida Y, Hayakawa M. On the Statistical Correlation of over-Horizon Vhf Signals with Meteorological Radio Ducting and Seismicity[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(6):661-674.
[46] Parrot M, Berthelier J J, Lebreton J P, et al. Examples of Unusual Ionospheric Observations Made by the Demeter Satellite over Seismic Regions[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2006, 31(4-9):486-495.
[47] Zhang X, Shen X, Liu J, et al. Ionospheric Perturbations of Electron Density before the Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2010, 31(13):3559– 3569.
[48] Blecki J, M.Parrot, R.Wronowski. Studies of the Electromagnetic Field Variations in ELF Frequency Range Registered by Demeter over the Sichuan Region Prior to the 12 May 2008 Earthquake[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010, 31(13):3615-3629
[49] Sarkar S, Gwal a K. Satellite Monitoring of Anomalous Effects in the Ionosphere Related to the Great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008[J]. Natural Hazards, 2010, 55(2):321-332.
[50] Rodger C J, Clilverd M A, Seppaelae A, et al. Radiation Belt Electron Precipitation Due to Geomagnetic Storms: Significance to Middle Atmosphere Ozone Chemistry[J]. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2010, 115:A11320.
[51] Rapoport V O, Frolov V L, Polyakov S V, et al. VLF Electromagnetic Field Structures in Ionosphere Disturbed by Sura Rf Heating Facility[J]. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2010, 115:A10322.
[52] Milikh G M, Demekhov a G, Papadopoulos K, et al. Model for Artificial Ionospheric Duct Formation Due to Hf Heating[J]. Geophysics Research Letters, 2010, 37(L07803)
[53] Zlotnicki J, Le Mouel J L, Kanwar R, et al. Ground-Based Electromagnetic Studies Combined with Remote Sensing Based on Demeter Mission: A Way to Monitor Active Faults and Volcanoes[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2006, 54(5):541-557.
[54] Harrison R G, Aplin K L, Rycroft M J. Atmospheric Electricity Coupling between Earthquake Regions and the Ionosphere[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(5-6):376-381.
[55] Hayakawa M. The Use of Subionospheric VLF/LF Propagation as the Means to Study Ionospheric Perturbations Associated with Earthquakes[C]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005:772-775.
[56] Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, Ondoh T, et al., The Precursory Signature Effect of the Kobe Earthquake on VLF Subionospheric Signals[J]. J. Commun. Res. Lab., 1996,43:169-180.
[57] Hayakawa M, Surkov V V, Fukumoto Y, et al. Characteristics of Vhf over-Horizon Signals Possibly Related to Impending Earthquakes and a Mechanism of Seismo-Atmospheric Perturbations[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(9):1057-1062.
[58] Horie T, Yamauchi T, Yoshida M, et al. The Wave-Like Structures ofIonospheric Perturbation Associated with Sumatra Earthquake of 26 December 2004, as Revealed from VLF Observation in Japan of Nwc Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(9):1021-1028.
[59] Grimalsky V V, Hayakawa M, Ivchenko V N, et al. Penetration of an Electrostatic Field from the Lithosphere into the Ionosphere and Its Effect on the D-Region before Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2003, 65(4):391-407.
[60] Yamauchi T, Maekawa S, Horie T, et al. Subionospheric VLF/LF Monitoring of Ionospheric Perturbations for the 2004 Mid-Niigata Earthquake and Their Structure and Dynamics[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(7):793-802.
[61] Molchanov O A, Hayakawa M, Miyaki K. VLF/LF Sounding of the Lower Ionosphere to Study the Role of Atmospheric Oscillations in the Lithosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.[J]. Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 2001, 15:146-158.
[62] Shvets a V, Hayakawa M, Molchanov O A, et al. A Study of Ionospheric Response to Regional Seismic Activity by VLF Radio Sounding[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9):627-637.
[63] Yonaiguchi N, Ida Y, Hayakawa M, et al. Fractal Analysis for Vhf Electromagnetic Noises and the Identification of Preseismic Signature of an Earthquake[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2007, 69(15):1825-1832.
[64] Kushida Y, Kushida R. On a Possibility of Earthquake Forecast by Radio Observations in the Vhf Band[J]. RIKEN Review, 1998, 19:152-160.
[65] Kushida Y, Kushida R. Possibility of Earthquake Forecast by Radio Observations in the Vhf Band.[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 2002, 22:239-255.
[66] Fukumoto Y, Hayakawa M, Yasuda H. Investigation of over-Horizon Vhf Radio Signals Associated with Earthquakes.[J]. Natural Hazards Earth System Science, 2001, 1:107-112.
[67] Takano T, Yagi Y, Sakai K. Spectrum Analysis of Anomalous Propagation of Fm Radio Broadcasting Waves Possibly Related to Earthquakes.[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 2002, 22(3):257-275.
[68] Takano T, Sakai K, Nagashima I, et al. Broadband Observations of Propagation Anomaly of VHF Waves Transmitted from Oversea Broadcasting Stations[C]. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 2004:368-371.
[69] Takano T, Sakai K, Ujigawa S, et al. Propagation Anomaly of Oversea Vhf Waves Possibly Associated with Earthquakes[C]. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 2004:554-557.
[70] Schumann W O. ber Die Ausbreitung Sehr Langer Elektriseher Wellen Um Die Signale Des Blitzes[J]. Nuovo Cimento 1952, 9(12):1116-1138.
[71] Bliokh P V, Nickolaenko A P, Filippov Y F. Schumann Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity.[M]. New York:1980.
[72]熊皓.无线电波传播[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:754-755.
[73]倪彬彬,赵正予,魏寒颖.电离层阿尔芬谐振器对高频入射波的调制[J].电波科学学报,2004(01)
[74]潘威炎.长波超长波极长波传播[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[75] Tulunay Y, Altuntas E, Tulunay E, et al. A Case Study on the ELF Characterization of the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity: Forecasting the Schumann Resonance Intensities[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2008, 70(2-4):669-674.
[76] Nickolaenko A P, Hayakawa M. Resonances in the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity[M]. Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[77] Williams E R. Lightning and Climate: A Review[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2005, 76(1-4):272-287.
[78] Hayakawa M, Ohta K, Nickolaenko a P, et al. Anomalous Effect in Schumann Resonance Phenomena Observed in Japan, Possibly Associated with the Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan[J]. Annales Geophysicae, 2005, 23(4):1335-1346.
[79] Volland H. Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics[J]. 1:269.
[80] Grimalsky V, A.Kotsarenko, Koshevaya S, et al. A Possible Mechanism of Modulation of Intensity of Alfvén Resonances at the Earth's Surface before Earthquakes.[J]. GEOS, 2007, 27(1):30.
[81] Ohta K, Hanai S, Watanabe N, et al. Precursor of the Earthquake and Schumann Resonance[J]. Journal of Research Institute for Science and Technology, 2003, 15:111-121.
[82] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M. Survey of Anomalous Schumann Resonance Phenomena Observed in Japan, in Possible Association with Earthquakes in Taiwan[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2006, 31(4-9):397-402.
[83] Ohta K, Izutsu J, Hayakawa M. Anomalous Excitation of SchumannResonances and Additional Anomalous Resonances before the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and the 2007 Noto Hantou Earthquake[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):441-448.
[84] Ohta K, Watanabe N, Hayakawa M, et al., The observation of ULF emissions at Nakatsugawa in possible association with the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture earthquake [J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2005, 57(11):1103-1108.
[85] Hayakawa M, Nickolaenko a P, Sekiguchi M, et al. Anomalous ELF Phenomena in the Schumann Resonance Band as Observed at Moshiri (Japan) in Possible Association with an Earthquake in Taiwan[J]. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 2008, 8(6):1309-1316.
[86] Ohta K, Izutsu J, Hayakawa M. Anomalous Excitation of Schumann Resonances and Additional Anomalous Resonances before the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and the 2007 Noto Hantou Earthquake[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2009, 34(6-7):441-448.
[87] Hayakawa M, Ohta K. The Importance of Direction Finding Technique for the Study of VLF/ELF sferics and Whistlers[J]. IEEJ Trans.FM, 2006, 126(2):65-70.
[88] Yampolski Y M, Bliokh P V, Beley V S, et al. Non-Linear Interaction between Schumann Resonances and Hf Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1997, 59(3):335-342.
[89] Bailey V A, Martin D F. The Influence of Electric Waves on the Ionosphere[J]. Phil.Mag., 1934, 18(7):369-386.
[90] Ferraro a J, Lee H S, Allshouse R, et al. VLF/ELF Radiation from the Ionospheric Dynamo Current System Modulated by Powerful Hf Signals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1982, 44(12):1113-1122.
[91] Stubbe P, Kopka H. Summary of Results Obtained with the Tromso Heating Facility[J]. Radio Science, 1982, 18(6):831-834.
[92] Papadopoulos K, Chang C L, Vitello P, et al. On the Efficiency of Ionospheric ELF Generation[J]. Radio Science, 1990, 25(6):1311-1320.
[93] James H G, Dowden R L, Rietveld M T, et al. Simultaneous Observations of ELF Waves from an Artificially Modulated Auroral Electrojet in Space and on the Ground[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984, 89:1655-1666.
[94] Moore R C. ELF/VLF Wave Generation by Modulated HF Heating of the Auroral Electrojet[D]. Stanford :Stanford University, 2007.
[95] Gurevich A V. Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere[M]. New York:Springer, 1978: 113-114.
[96]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[97]焦培南,张忠治.雷达环境与电波传播特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[98] Alpert Y L. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and the Ionosphere[J]. Nauka, 1972
[99] Gringel W, Rosen J M, Hofmann D J, The Earth's Electrical Environment[M]. DC:National Academy Press, 1986:166.
[100]Gurevich A V. Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere[M]. New York.Springer:1978.
[101]熊皓.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[102]Fullekrug M, Constable S. Global Triangulation of Intense Lightning Discharges[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(333-336).
[103]Tyler M A. Round-the-World High Frequency Propoagation: A Synoptic Study[R]. 1996.
[104]E.O.Hulburt. On Round-the-World Signals.[J]. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 1928, 16(3):287-289.
[105]肖景明,王元坤.电波传播工程计算[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1989:45-60.
[106]贾立清. BPM信号的处理及其应用[J].山东电子,1996(3):18-20.
[107]陈洪卿. BPM短波时号用户指南[J].陕西天文台台刊,1989.
[108]李川.浅谈短波监测天线的选择[J].中国无线电,2006(2):44-47.
[109]Miron P D D B, Open-Ended Antennas[C]. Newnes: Burlington, 2006:133-177.
[110] Miron P D D B, Introduction to Numerical Modeling of Wire Antennas[C]. Newnes: Burlington, 2006:75-112.
[111] Moessner K, Bourse D, Greifendorf D, et al. Software Radio and Reconfiguration Management[J]. Computer Communications, 2003, 26(1):26-35.
[112]李智群,王志功.零中频接收机技术[J].电子产品世界,2004,7:69-72.
[113]郄秀书,周筠珺,袁铁.卫星观测到的全球闪电活动及其地域差异[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):743-751.
[114] Hayakawa M, Ohta K, Sorokin V M, et al. Interpretation in Terms of Gyrotropic Waves of Schumann-Resonance-Like Line Emissions Observed at Nakatsugawa in Possible Association with Nearby Japanese Earthquakes[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2010, 72(17):1292-1298.
[115] Ohta K, Umeda K, Watanabe N, t al. ELF magnetic fields at Nakatsugawa in Japan on Taiwan earthquakes[C]. Sixteenth International Wroclaw Symposium and Exhibition Electromagnetic Compatibility 2002, 2002, 2:717-721.
[116] Nickolaenko A P, Hayakawa M, Sekiguchi M, et al. Model Modifications in Schumann Resonance Intensity Caused by a Localized Ionosphere Disturbance over the Earthquake Epicenter[J]. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24(2):567-575.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |